Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Trichotillomania: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1071854-overview

  Trichotillomania is frequently a chronic disorder that lasts weeks to decades, with a variable age of onset. Hair-pulling sites may vary with the age of onset: Patients with a very early onset of trichotillomania are more likely to pull eyelashes, whereas those with a later onset are more likely to pull pubic hair. […] Although US epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of trichotillomania are rare, it has been estimated that approximately 8 million people have trichotillomania. The overall frequency is probably underestimated, because only persons who present for treatment are counted; denial of the disorder is frequent, and many individuals with the disorder do not seek professional intervention. Further epidemiologic studies are needed. […] In a study of college students, approximately 1-2% had past or current symptoms of trichotillomania. The rate fell to 0.6% when patients were restricted to the group having related mental tension and relief; without such restrictions, the rate of hair pulling resulting in visible hair loss was 1.5% for males and 3.4% for females. […] Trichotillomania appears to be equally common in Whites, Blacks, and Asians.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2019/61001/trichotillomania__hair_pulling_disorder_.18.aspx

  Trichotillomania is characterized by the repetitive pulling out of one’s own hair leading to hair loss and possibly functional impairment. Prevalence studies suggest that trichotillomania is a common disorder (point prevalence estimates of 0.5%2.0%). […] Nationwide epidemiological studies of trichotillomania are lacking, smaller studies, usually conducted in university settings, have found a lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania to be around 0.6%; and point prevalence to be 0.0%3.9%. […] In adults, trichotillomania appears to have a large female preponderance (4:1 female:male), a sex ratio that is unique among psychiatric disorders. […] The onset of hair pulling is generally in late childhood or early adolescence. […] Approximately 10%20% of people with trichotillomania eat their hair after pulling it (trichophagia), which can result in gastrointestinal obstruction and the formation of intestinal hair-balls (trichobezoars) which can require surgical intervention.

• #3 Trichotillomania – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichotillomania

  Although no broad-based population epidemiologic studies had been conducted as of 2009, the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population. With a 1% prevalence rate, 2.5 million people in the U.S. may have trichotillomania at some time during their lifetimes. […] Trichotillomania is diagnosed in all age groups; onset is more common during preadolescence and young adulthood, with mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a notable peak at 12-13. Among preschool children the genders are equally represented; there appears to be a female predominance among preadolescents to young adults, with between 70% and 93% of patients being female. Among adults, females typically outnumber males by 3 to 1. […] „Automatic” pulling occurs in approximately three-quarters of adult patients with trichotillomania.

• #4 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  Epidemiologic studies for trichotillomania have been sorely lacking in the field of scientific research, but there is a growing recognition of the need for prevalence studies to understand how often trichotillomania occurs in different groups of people and why. This information is vital in developing prevention strategies for those groups identified as being at-risk, and management of those already challenged by the condition. […] A 2013 study reports that it is estimated between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population, and 1% in the United States will have experienced trichotillomania in their lifetime. This means that approximately 2.5 million Americans may be affected by this condition at some point in their lives. […] The problem with gathering statistical data on the frequency of trichotillomania is that denial of the disorder is frequent, and many people who have the disorder do not seek professional help and are therefore not counted.

• #5 Trichotillomania – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichotillomania

  Although no broad-based population epidemiologic studies had been conducted as of 2009, the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population. With a 1% prevalence rate, 2.5 million people in the U.S. may have trichotillomania at some time during their lifetimes. […] Trichotillomania is diagnosed in all age groups; onset is more common during preadolescence and young adulthood, with mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a notable peak at 12-13. Among preschool children the genders are equally represented; there appears to be a female predominance among preadolescents to young adults, with between 70% and 93% of patients being female. Among adults, females typically outnumber males by 3 to 1. […] „Automatic” pulling occurs in approximately three-quarters of adult patients with trichotillomania.

• #6 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  Epidemiologic studies for trichotillomania have been sorely lacking in the field of scientific research, but there is a growing recognition of the need for prevalence studies to understand how often trichotillomania occurs in different groups of people and why. This information is vital in developing prevention strategies for those groups identified as being at-risk, and management of those already challenged by the condition. […] A 2013 study reports that it is estimated between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population, and 1% in the United States will have experienced trichotillomania in their lifetime. This means that approximately 2.5 million Americans may be affected by this condition at some point in their lives. […] The problem with gathering statistical data on the frequency of trichotillomania is that denial of the disorder is frequent, and many people who have the disorder do not seek professional help and are therefore not counted.

• #7 Trichotillomania: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1071854-overview

  Trichotillomania is frequently a chronic disorder that lasts weeks to decades, with a variable age of onset. Hair-pulling sites may vary with the age of onset: Patients with a very early onset of trichotillomania are more likely to pull eyelashes, whereas those with a later onset are more likely to pull pubic hair. […] Although US epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of trichotillomania are rare, it has been estimated that approximately 8 million people have trichotillomania. The overall frequency is probably underestimated, because only persons who present for treatment are counted; denial of the disorder is frequent, and many individuals with the disorder do not seek professional intervention. Further epidemiologic studies are needed. […] In a study of college students, approximately 1-2% had past or current symptoms of trichotillomania. The rate fell to 0.6% when patients were restricted to the group having related mental tension and relief; without such restrictions, the rate of hair pulling resulting in visible hair loss was 1.5% for males and 3.4% for females. […] Trichotillomania appears to be equally common in Whites, Blacks, and Asians.

• #8 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Trichotillomania, or hair-pulling disorder, is one of a family of disorders called body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), which also include disordered skin-picking (dermotillomania) and nail-biting (onychophagia). The disorders affect 1%2% of the population, cause high levels of distress and have high levels of comorbidity with other psychiatric diagnoses. […] These disorders are under-recognised, under-researched and underestimated in terms of their scale and impact. […] Large population surveys do not typically include questions related to disordered hair-pulling, so the only evidence we have for prevalence comes from relatively small samples, often of USA-based university students giving prevalence estimates of between 0.5%2%. […] One moderately sized community sample (n=10169) estimated a prevalence of 1.7%, which would represent as many as 1.1 million people in the UK.

• #9 Trichotillomania: hair-pulling disorder – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-trichotillomania-disorder/

  Trichotillomania is a hair-pulling disorder where a person is unable to stop this behavior despite making attempts to do so. […] The prevalence of trichotillomania ranges from 0.5% to 2.0%, according to a 2020 paper by Grant et al., from the American Journal of Psychiatry. […] The same study also analyzed data from 10,169 adults and found 1.7% or 175 subjects in the sample were classified as currently experiencing trichotillomania. […] Gender differences in the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania weren’t significant. […] Interestingly, 24% or 42 out of 175 persons with trichotillomania also had a current comorbid skin picking disorder.

• #10 Trichotillomania – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichotillomania

  Although no broad-based population epidemiologic studies had been conducted as of 2009, the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population. With a 1% prevalence rate, 2.5 million people in the U.S. may have trichotillomania at some time during their lifetimes. […] Trichotillomania is diagnosed in all age groups; onset is more common during preadolescence and young adulthood, with mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a notable peak at 12-13. Among preschool children the genders are equally represented; there appears to be a female predominance among preadolescents to young adults, with between 70% and 93% of patients being female. Among adults, females typically outnumber males by 3 to 1. […] „Automatic” pulling occurs in approximately three-quarters of adult patients with trichotillomania.

• #11 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  There is also mounting evidence of heritability having an influence, with a 1994 study reporting that approximately 5% of first-degree relatives of the 22 study participants were reported to be hair pullers. […] Studies show that the age of onset for trichotillomania is variable, with a mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a peak prevalence at 12-13 years. […] Although trichotillomania seems to be more common in children than adults, severity of presentation appears to be higher in adolescence and prognosis becoming poorer as onset age approaches adulthood. […] Age of onset also appears to have a correlation to the prevalence of trichotillomania between the sexes. […] The literature purports that there is an equal distribution of trichotillomania incidence between the sexes among preschool-aged children, whereas a staggering 70-93% of preadolescents and young adults are female.

• #12 Trichotillomania – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichotillomania

  Although no broad-based population epidemiologic studies had been conducted as of 2009, the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population. With a 1% prevalence rate, 2.5 million people in the U.S. may have trichotillomania at some time during their lifetimes. […] Trichotillomania is diagnosed in all age groups; onset is more common during preadolescence and young adulthood, with mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a notable peak at 12-13. Among preschool children the genders are equally represented; there appears to be a female predominance among preadolescents to young adults, with between 70% and 93% of patients being female. Among adults, females typically outnumber males by 3 to 1. […] „Automatic” pulling occurs in approximately three-quarters of adult patients with trichotillomania.

• #13 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  A 2007 article in the American Journal of psychiatry reports that females tend to outnumber males by 3 to 1 among adults, with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) citing an overall female predominance of 10 to 1. […] Currently there are no studies reporting differences in the prevalence of trichotillomania between different racial groups. […] While the body of research for trichotillomania has been steadily growing, particularly over the past decade, it is clear that we are nowhere near having a holistic epidemiologic understanding of the condition. Research of this nature is fundamental to the successful development of effective prevention and management of the condition on a large scale, but that is still able to cater to the needs of specific individuals.

• #14 Trichotillomania – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/ocd/trichotillomania

  Trichotillomania (also known as hair-pulling disorder) is an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder characterized by a long term, irresistible urge to pull out one’s hair. The hair pulling occurs to the degree that significant hair loss occurs. […] Prevalence is 1-2% in the general population. It affects significantly more females than males with a ratio of 10:1. Among children with trichotillomania, males and females are more equally represented.

• #15 Therapeutic Aspects of Trichotillomania: A Review of Current Treatment Options

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/trichotillomania-therapy/

  Age can be an important potential indicator of comorbid conditions. […] The 2 types of hair pulling are either conscious or unconscious in nature. […] Psychosocial dysfunction is common in patients with TTM. […] Many disorders present with hair loss and may appear similar to TTM. […] OCD is significantly more prevalent in patients with TTM than in the general population and ranges from 13%27% in reported studies. […] Females are more likely to have TTM than males and are also more likely to have other body-focused repetitive behavior disorders like skin picking and nail biting. […] The pathophysiology underlying TTM has been debated, with no overarching consensus formed among researchers and physicians. […] TTM is chronic in nature with fluctuations in intensity. […] Although TTM is not difficult to diagnose because of the specific patterns of behavior, many patients do not seek treatment due to embarrassment or feelings of shame and guilt.

• #16 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  A 2007 article in the American Journal of psychiatry reports that females tend to outnumber males by 3 to 1 among adults, with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) citing an overall female predominance of 10 to 1. […] Currently there are no studies reporting differences in the prevalence of trichotillomania between different racial groups. […] While the body of research for trichotillomania has been steadily growing, particularly over the past decade, it is clear that we are nowhere near having a holistic epidemiologic understanding of the condition. Research of this nature is fundamental to the successful development of effective prevention and management of the condition on a large scale, but that is still able to cater to the needs of specific individuals.

• #17 Trichotillomania(Hair Pulling Disorder) – Center for OCD and Related Disorders

  https://mghocd.org/trichotillomania/

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is estimated to affect between 1 to 3% of the general population. and it is often an underdiagnosed and mistreated. TTM can start at any age, though the mean age of onset is in early adolescence between 11-13 years old. Clinical experience and research findings indicate that TTM more often affects women than men, with a 9:1 ratio or higher. Reports of female predominance in the disorder can possibly be attributed to hormonal differences between genders, greater likelihood for females to seek treatment, and/or greater ease of camouflaging the associated hair loss in males. TTM can cause significant distress and impairment. […] It also shares features with obsessive-compulsive disorder and other obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders (such as Tourette Syndrome, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, and pathologic skin picking). Some refer to TTM as an OCD spectrum disorder; others categorize it as a body-focused repetitive disorder (BFRB) or grooming disorder.

• #18 Trichotillomania: Compulsive hair-pulling | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/trichotillomania-compulsive-hair-pulling.12024/

  Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) By Mayo Clinic Staff Jan. 24, 2009 Trichotillomania (trik-o-til-o-MAY-ne-uh) is an irresistible urge to pull out hair from your scalp, eyebrows or other areas of your body. […] Most people with trichotillomania pull hair from their scalp, especially the crown. This can lead to what’s known as a Friar Tuck sign ? a balding pate surrounded by a fringe of hair. […] Trichotillomania usually develops in adolescence ? most often around age 12 ? and is often a lifelong problem. […] Trichotillomania tends to run in families. If someone in your family engages in hair pulling, you’re more likely to do it too. […] Although far more women than men are treated for trichotillomania, this may be because women are more likely to seek medical advice. […] Many people with trichotillomania feel shame, humiliation and embarrassment and experience low self-esteem, depression and anxiety.

• #19 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Although samples of treatment/support-seeking individuals have around a 4:1 ratio of women to men, the community surveys suggest that disordered hair-pulling affects men and women equally. […] Interestingly, hair-pulling disorders appear to be equally prevalent across cultures and do not differentiate according to socioeconomic status or education level. […] The Trichotillomania Impact Project surveyed 1697 people who self-reported symptoms consistent with a clinical diagnosis of trichotillomania. They reported high levels of distress (5.1/7) and mild to moderate impacts on quality of life across social, occupational, academic and psychological domains. […] Despite this, the majority of patients never seek treatment, and the majority of those who do find that their healthcare provider knows little or nothing about the disorder.

• #20 Trichotillomania – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichotillomania

  Although no broad-based population epidemiologic studies had been conducted as of 2009, the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population. With a 1% prevalence rate, 2.5 million people in the U.S. may have trichotillomania at some time during their lifetimes. […] Trichotillomania is diagnosed in all age groups; onset is more common during preadolescence and young adulthood, with mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a notable peak at 12-13. Among preschool children the genders are equally represented; there appears to be a female predominance among preadolescents to young adults, with between 70% and 93% of patients being female. Among adults, females typically outnumber males by 3 to 1. […] „Automatic” pulling occurs in approximately three-quarters of adult patients with trichotillomania.

• #21 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  There is also mounting evidence of heritability having an influence, with a 1994 study reporting that approximately 5% of first-degree relatives of the 22 study participants were reported to be hair pullers. […] Studies show that the age of onset for trichotillomania is variable, with a mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a peak prevalence at 12-13 years. […] Although trichotillomania seems to be more common in children than adults, severity of presentation appears to be higher in adolescence and prognosis becoming poorer as onset age approaches adulthood. […] Age of onset also appears to have a correlation to the prevalence of trichotillomania between the sexes. […] The literature purports that there is an equal distribution of trichotillomania incidence between the sexes among preschool-aged children, whereas a staggering 70-93% of preadolescents and young adults are female.

• #22 Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling) | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/trichotillomania-hair-pulling/

  Trichotillomania is a body-focused repetitive behavior classified as an impulse control disorder (along the lines of pyromania, kleptomania, and pathologic gambling) which involves pulling out one’s hair. Hair pulling may occur in any region of the body in which hair grows but the most common sites are the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelids. […] Occurring more frequently in females, it is estimated that 1%-2% of adults and adolescents suffer from trichotillomania. In general, trichotillomania is a chronic condition that will come and go throughout an individual’s life if the disorder is not treated. For some individuals, the disorder may come and go for weeks, months, or years at a time. […] The most common age of onset is in preadolescents to young adults. On average, it is typically between 9 and 13 years, with a peak between 12 and 13 years.

• #23 Rare Cases of Trichotillomania in Toddlers

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/rare-cases-trichotillomania-toddlers/

  Trichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair pulling disorder, is characterized by the recurrent urge to pull ones own hair. Its prevalence in the community is reported to be between 0.5% and 2%. Onset at 6 years of age is categorized as very early onset and accounts for less than 5% of total cases of TTM. […] A hereditary component should be ruled out in toddlers who present with TTM. Evidence from family and twin studies report that a genetic factor (SAPAP3 gene) plays a significant role in TTM. […] Management is complicated, as the medications proved to be efficacious in adults are not approved for use in children. For instance, literature supports the use of fluoxetine, clomipramine, olanzapine, and N-acetylcysteine in the management of TTM in adults, but there is limited evidence for its use in children. […] Research has shown that sleep hygiene intervention could reduce the hair-pulling behavior. […] In a study that included more than 10,000 subjects, natural recovery in lifetime diagnosis of TTM was associated with significantly low rates of comorbidity.

• #24

  https://step2.medbullets.com/psychiatry/122033/trichotillomania-hair-pulling-disorder

  Seen in 1-3% of the population […] More common in women than in men […] Onset often in childhood or adolescence and associated with a stressful event (25% of cases) […] Increased incidence of comorbid OCD, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, mood disorders, and borderline personality disorder.

• #25 Trichotillomania | Concise Medical Knowledge

  https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/trichotillomania/

  Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder (HPD)) is defined as repetitive pulling of ones hair resulting in hair loss that may be visible to others. […] Trichotillomania, also known as hair-pulling disorder, is characterized by a repetitive or deliberate desire to pull ones hair, done unconsciously. […] Presents in 1%3% of the population. […] Occurs more often in women than in men (9:1). […] Onset: childhoodadolescence, frequently associated with a stressful event. […] Roughly 10%20% of patients also ingest the hair, which can develop into hazardous bezoars (hairballs that can block the GI tract).

• #26 Trichotillomania: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1071854-overview

  Trichotillomania is frequently a chronic disorder that lasts weeks to decades, with a variable age of onset. Hair-pulling sites may vary with the age of onset: Patients with a very early onset of trichotillomania are more likely to pull eyelashes, whereas those with a later onset are more likely to pull pubic hair. […] Although US epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of trichotillomania are rare, it has been estimated that approximately 8 million people have trichotillomania. The overall frequency is probably underestimated, because only persons who present for treatment are counted; denial of the disorder is frequent, and many individuals with the disorder do not seek professional intervention. Further epidemiologic studies are needed. […] In a study of college students, approximately 1-2% had past or current symptoms of trichotillomania. The rate fell to 0.6% when patients were restricted to the group having related mental tension and relief; without such restrictions, the rate of hair pulling resulting in visible hair loss was 1.5% for males and 3.4% for females. […] Trichotillomania appears to be equally common in Whites, Blacks, and Asians.

• #27 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #28 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #29 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #30 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #31

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2019/61001/trichotillomania__hair_pulling_disorder_.18.aspx

  Comorbid psychiatric conditions, especially depression and/or anxiety (lifetime histories of which are seen in over 50% of patients) are extremely common in trichotillomania. […] If untreated, trichotillomania is a chronic illness that often results in substantial psychosocial dysfunction, and that can, in rare cases, lead to life-threatening medical problems.

• #32 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #33 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #34 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #35 SciELO Brazil – Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/mw9cq6qXPRZTNkL9ftgd3Jg/?format=html

  TTM was classified as an impulse control disorder in DSM-IV, but is now classified in the obsessive-compulsive related disorders section of DSM-5. […] Our review found a closer relationship between TTM and tic disorder from neurobiological (especially imaging) and therapeutic standpoints. […] Some discrepancies between TTM and tic disorders notwithstanding, several arguments are in favor of a closer relationship between these two disorders than between TTM and OCD, especially when considering implications for therapy. […] OCD and TTM are frequently comorbid. The studies included in this review reported a 6 to 11% rate of TTM comorbidity in patients with OCD. […] These data are important from a genetic standpoint. […] Epidemiological data favor a closer proximity between TTM and OCD than between TTM and tic disorders. […] However, TTM is not exactly a tic disorder. […] Together, these data support a closer relationship between TTM and TS than between TTS and OCD. […] We believe considering it as such in clinical practice can help psychiatrists better understand and treat patients with TTM.

• #36 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #37 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #38 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #39 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #40 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #41 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #42 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #43 Trichotillomania: hair-pulling disorder – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-trichotillomania-disorder/

  Trichotillomania is a hair-pulling disorder where a person is unable to stop this behavior despite making attempts to do so. […] The prevalence of trichotillomania ranges from 0.5% to 2.0%, according to a 2020 paper by Grant et al., from the American Journal of Psychiatry. […] The same study also analyzed data from 10,169 adults and found 1.7% or 175 subjects in the sample were classified as currently experiencing trichotillomania. […] Gender differences in the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania weren’t significant. […] Interestingly, 24% or 42 out of 175 persons with trichotillomania also had a current comorbid skin picking disorder.

• #44 A Review of Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Adult Trichotillomania

  https://www.mdpi.com/2813-9844/6/2/31

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric disorder involving chronic, recurrent urges to pull out one’s own hair, arising frequently in childhood and early adolescence. This disorder predominantly affects women and has a high co-morbidity with many other psychiatric conditions. Currently, the etiology is unknown, which makes treating TTM extremely difficult. […] The estimated prevalence of TTM is between 0.5 and 3% of the population. Onset is typically between late childhood and early adolescence, with the condition often persisting into adulthood if not addressed promptly. While this disorder has a relatively even distribution between males and females in the pediatric population, there is a striking female-to-male predominance of four to one in the general adult population. It should be noted that many individuals with this disorder feel ashamed or embarrassed about their behavior and the resultant hair loss. The prevalence may be underestimated due to stigma, leading to underreporting of the condition. TTM has a well-established, high co-morbidity with several other psychiatric disorders, with some studies estimating that nearly 80% of those diagnosed with TTM will be diagnosed with another psychological disorder in their lifetime. The most common co-occurring disorders across studies are anxiety disorders (29–55%), depression (22–45%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (15–29%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (19–29%), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (19–29%), skin-picking disorder (19–24%), and substance use disorder (15–19%).

• #45 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #46 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #47 SciELO Brazil – Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder Trichotillomania is more related to Tourette disorder than to obsessive-compulsive disorder

  https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/mw9cq6qXPRZTNkL9ftgd3Jg/?format=html

  TTM was classified as an impulse control disorder in DSM-IV, but is now classified in the obsessive-compulsive related disorders section of DSM-5. […] Our review found a closer relationship between TTM and tic disorder from neurobiological (especially imaging) and therapeutic standpoints. […] Some discrepancies between TTM and tic disorders notwithstanding, several arguments are in favor of a closer relationship between these two disorders than between TTM and OCD, especially when considering implications for therapy. […] OCD and TTM are frequently comorbid. The studies included in this review reported a 6 to 11% rate of TTM comorbidity in patients with OCD. […] These data are important from a genetic standpoint. […] Epidemiological data favor a closer proximity between TTM and OCD than between TTM and tic disorders. […] However, TTM is not exactly a tic disorder. […] Together, these data support a closer relationship between TTM and TS than between TTS and OCD. […] We believe considering it as such in clinical practice can help psychiatrists better understand and treat patients with TTM.

• #48

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-017-1074-z

  Trichotillomania/hair pulling disorder (HPD) and excoriation/skin picking disorder (SPD) are childhood-onset, body-focused repetitive behaviors that are thought to share genetic susceptibility and underlying pathophysiology with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). […] 3.8 and 13.0% of TS patients met DSM-5 criteria for HPD and SPD, respectively. […] The prevalence of HPD and SPD in TS patients, and their association with increased tic severity and co-occurring OCD, suggests that clinicians should screen children with TS and related disorders for HPD/SPD, particularly in females and in those with co-occurring OCD. […] This study also helps set a foundation for subsequent research regarding HPD/SPD risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment models.

• #49

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-017-1074-z

  Trichotillomania/hair pulling disorder (HPD) and excoriation/skin picking disorder (SPD) are childhood-onset, body-focused repetitive behaviors that are thought to share genetic susceptibility and underlying pathophysiology with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). […] 3.8 and 13.0% of TS patients met DSM-5 criteria for HPD and SPD, respectively. […] The prevalence of HPD and SPD in TS patients, and their association with increased tic severity and co-occurring OCD, suggests that clinicians should screen children with TS and related disorders for HPD/SPD, particularly in females and in those with co-occurring OCD. […] This study also helps set a foundation for subsequent research regarding HPD/SPD risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment models.

• #50

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actadv/article/view/5038

  Trichotillomania is an impulse control disorder characterized by repetitive pulling out of one?s hair. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of trichotillomania in young adults and its association with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). A total of 339 individuals completed a questionnaire to determine the presence of trichotillomania. Twelve persons (3.5%) reported hair pulling during their lifetime, but only 8 of them met the criteria of trichotillomania according to the ICD-10. […] The lifetime anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 5 participants with trichotillomania (62.5%), while in the group without trichotillomania, 67 persons (20.2%) met the diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders (p0.01). […] OCD were not diagnosed in individuals with trichotillomania, among participants without trichotillomania, 14 persons (4.2%) reported symptoms of OCD.

• #51 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  There is also mounting evidence of heritability having an influence, with a 1994 study reporting that approximately 5% of first-degree relatives of the 22 study participants were reported to be hair pullers. […] Studies show that the age of onset for trichotillomania is variable, with a mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a peak prevalence at 12-13 years. […] Although trichotillomania seems to be more common in children than adults, severity of presentation appears to be higher in adolescence and prognosis becoming poorer as onset age approaches adulthood. […] Age of onset also appears to have a correlation to the prevalence of trichotillomania between the sexes. […] The literature purports that there is an equal distribution of trichotillomania incidence between the sexes among preschool-aged children, whereas a staggering 70-93% of preadolescents and young adults are female.

• #52 Rare Cases of Trichotillomania in Toddlers

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/rare-cases-trichotillomania-toddlers/

  Trichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair pulling disorder, is characterized by the recurrent urge to pull ones own hair. Its prevalence in the community is reported to be between 0.5% and 2%. Onset at 6 years of age is categorized as very early onset and accounts for less than 5% of total cases of TTM. […] A hereditary component should be ruled out in toddlers who present with TTM. Evidence from family and twin studies report that a genetic factor (SAPAP3 gene) plays a significant role in TTM. […] Management is complicated, as the medications proved to be efficacious in adults are not approved for use in children. For instance, literature supports the use of fluoxetine, clomipramine, olanzapine, and N-acetylcysteine in the management of TTM in adults, but there is limited evidence for its use in children. […] Research has shown that sleep hygiene intervention could reduce the hair-pulling behavior. […] In a study that included more than 10,000 subjects, natural recovery in lifetime diagnosis of TTM was associated with significantly low rates of comorbidity.

• #53 Trichotillomania: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1071854-overview

  Trichotillomania is frequently a chronic disorder that lasts weeks to decades, with a variable age of onset. Hair-pulling sites may vary with the age of onset: Patients with a very early onset of trichotillomania are more likely to pull eyelashes, whereas those with a later onset are more likely to pull pubic hair. […] Although US epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of trichotillomania are rare, it has been estimated that approximately 8 million people have trichotillomania. The overall frequency is probably underestimated, because only persons who present for treatment are counted; denial of the disorder is frequent, and many individuals with the disorder do not seek professional intervention. Further epidemiologic studies are needed. […] In a study of college students, approximately 1-2% had past or current symptoms of trichotillomania. The rate fell to 0.6% when patients were restricted to the group having related mental tension and relief; without such restrictions, the rate of hair pulling resulting in visible hair loss was 1.5% for males and 3.4% for females. […] Trichotillomania appears to be equally common in Whites, Blacks, and Asians.

• #54 Trichotillomania | Fact Sheet – ABCT – Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

  https://www.abct.org/fact-sheets/trichotillomania/

  Trichotillomania, also known as hair pulling disorder (HPD), is a psychiatric illness affecting up to 4% of the population. The disorder is most notably categorized by repetitive, noncosmetic removal of hair that is accompanied by distress and/or functional impairment. The onset for trichotillomania is typically in early adolescence. Symptoms wax and wane over time and the disorder is typically chronic. […] Trichotillomania is a body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) disorder that involves repetitive removal of body hair. […] The disorder commonly co-occurs with other BFRBs (i.e., skin picking), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, substance use, and anxiety. […] There is no single known cause for trichotillomania. Genetics, as well as environmental factors, likely play a role in the development of the disorder. […] Cognitive behavioral approaches are the first-line treatment for trichotillomania and have consistently demonstrated efficacy in research trials. […] Finally, some medications have been shown to be helpful in treating trichotillomania, although the research is limited.

• #55 Learn About Trichotillomania: The “Hair Pulling” Disorder :: The Baker Center For Children and Families

  https://www.bakercenter.org/resources/library/learn-about-trichotillomania-the-hair-pulling-disorder

  Trichotillomania is often seen occurring co-jointly with other disorders including major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, and studies find that the experience of trichotillomania often occurs prior to the development of other mental disorders. […] If left untreated, studies have found that symptoms may change in intensity throughout the lifetime, but they will persist. […] When a child or teen has trichotillomania, the presence of hair-pulling may be distressing for caregivers as well as the individual.

• #56 Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling Disorder) – The Complete Guide | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info

  The average age of onset is between the ages of 9 and 13, meaning the urge to pull hair often begins around puberty. […] Prevalence data suggests that 0.5% to 2.0% of the population struggles with trichotillomania, with adult females experiencing it four times more than adult males. […] Trich behaviors tend to decrease in severity over the lifespan. […] Trichotillomania falls under a category of disorders called Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs), yet it is often misdiagnosed as other conditions. […] Trichotillomania is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed which causes more harm.

• #57 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  There is also mounting evidence of heritability having an influence, with a 1994 study reporting that approximately 5% of first-degree relatives of the 22 study participants were reported to be hair pullers. […] Studies show that the age of onset for trichotillomania is variable, with a mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a peak prevalence at 12-13 years. […] Although trichotillomania seems to be more common in children than adults, severity of presentation appears to be higher in adolescence and prognosis becoming poorer as onset age approaches adulthood. […] Age of onset also appears to have a correlation to the prevalence of trichotillomania between the sexes. […] The literature purports that there is an equal distribution of trichotillomania incidence between the sexes among preschool-aged children, whereas a staggering 70-93% of preadolescents and young adults are female.

• #58 Trichotillomania Statistics and Numbers: Prevelance, Risk Factors, & More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/trichotillomania/trichotillomania-statistics/

  Trichotillomania statistics show: […] Trichotillomania impacts adults and children […] The condition is more common in children ages 9-13 years than other age brackets […] Older adolescents and teens with trichotillomania often experience increasingly severe symptoms the longer the condition is present […] Trichotillomania is not as uncommon as it would seem. Approximately 1 in 50 people experience trichotillomania in their lifetime. […] Anyone can develop trichotillomania. While trichotillomania in children is the most common type, the condition also affects adults. […] When it comes to trichotillomania in men versus women, females are four times more likely to have it than men. […] Trichotillomania is a condition that impacts people of all races. However, studies have shown that it affects some races differently than others.

• #59 Trichotillomania – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichotillomania

  Although no broad-based population epidemiologic studies had been conducted as of 2009, the lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania is estimated to be between 0.6% and 4.0% of the overall population. With a 1% prevalence rate, 2.5 million people in the U.S. may have trichotillomania at some time during their lifetimes. […] Trichotillomania is diagnosed in all age groups; onset is more common during preadolescence and young adulthood, with mean age of onset between 9 and 13 years of age, and a notable peak at 12-13. Among preschool children the genders are equally represented; there appears to be a female predominance among preadolescents to young adults, with between 70% and 93% of patients being female. Among adults, females typically outnumber males by 3 to 1. […] „Automatic” pulling occurs in approximately three-quarters of adult patients with trichotillomania.

• #60 Update on Trichotillomania

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/update-trichotillomania

  Despite its occurrence in up to 3.4% of adults, hair-pulling disorder or trichotillomania (TTM) is often under-diagnosed and inappropriately treated, according to a panel of experts presenting at the recent APA meeting. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence in adults ranges between 0.6% and 3.4%. […] TTM frequently exists with other disorders, according to several presenters. In one study, Flessner and colleagues found that up to 60% of individuals with TTM had another current psychiatric disorder. […] TTM sufferers can experience medical complications such as skin irritations at the pulling site, dental problems from biting or chewing their hair, infections, and repetitive-use hand injuries. […] In the Trichotillomania Impact Project for Adults (TIP-A), an Internet-based survey of individuals with TTM, those surveyed (1697 respondents) reported mild to moderate life impairment in social, occupational, academic, and psychological functioning.

• #61 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Although samples of treatment/support-seeking individuals have around a 4:1 ratio of women to men, the community surveys suggest that disordered hair-pulling affects men and women equally. […] Interestingly, hair-pulling disorders appear to be equally prevalent across cultures and do not differentiate according to socioeconomic status or education level. […] The Trichotillomania Impact Project surveyed 1697 people who self-reported symptoms consistent with a clinical diagnosis of trichotillomania. They reported high levels of distress (5.1/7) and mild to moderate impacts on quality of life across social, occupational, academic and psychological domains. […] Despite this, the majority of patients never seek treatment, and the majority of those who do find that their healthcare provider knows little or nothing about the disorder.

• #62 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Although samples of treatment/support-seeking individuals have around a 4:1 ratio of women to men, the community surveys suggest that disordered hair-pulling affects men and women equally. […] Interestingly, hair-pulling disorders appear to be equally prevalent across cultures and do not differentiate according to socioeconomic status or education level. […] The Trichotillomania Impact Project surveyed 1697 people who self-reported symptoms consistent with a clinical diagnosis of trichotillomania. They reported high levels of distress (5.1/7) and mild to moderate impacts on quality of life across social, occupational, academic and psychological domains. […] Despite this, the majority of patients never seek treatment, and the majority of those who do find that their healthcare provider knows little or nothing about the disorder.

• #63 Update on Trichotillomania

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/update-trichotillomania

  Despite its occurrence in up to 3.4% of adults, hair-pulling disorder or trichotillomania (TTM) is often under-diagnosed and inappropriately treated, according to a panel of experts presenting at the recent APA meeting. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence in adults ranges between 0.6% and 3.4%. […] TTM frequently exists with other disorders, according to several presenters. In one study, Flessner and colleagues found that up to 60% of individuals with TTM had another current psychiatric disorder. […] TTM sufferers can experience medical complications such as skin irritations at the pulling site, dental problems from biting or chewing their hair, infections, and repetitive-use hand injuries. […] In the Trichotillomania Impact Project for Adults (TIP-A), an Internet-based survey of individuals with TTM, those surveyed (1697 respondents) reported mild to moderate life impairment in social, occupational, academic, and psychological functioning.

• #64 Trichotillomania: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1071854-overview

  Trichotillomania is frequently a chronic disorder that lasts weeks to decades, with a variable age of onset. Hair-pulling sites may vary with the age of onset: Patients with a very early onset of trichotillomania are more likely to pull eyelashes, whereas those with a later onset are more likely to pull pubic hair. […] Although US epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of trichotillomania are rare, it has been estimated that approximately 8 million people have trichotillomania. The overall frequency is probably underestimated, because only persons who present for treatment are counted; denial of the disorder is frequent, and many individuals with the disorder do not seek professional intervention. Further epidemiologic studies are needed. […] In a study of college students, approximately 1-2% had past or current symptoms of trichotillomania. The rate fell to 0.6% when patients were restricted to the group having related mental tension and relief; without such restrictions, the rate of hair pulling resulting in visible hair loss was 1.5% for males and 3.4% for females. […] Trichotillomania appears to be equally common in Whites, Blacks, and Asians.

• #65 Trichotillomania Statistics – The Numbers Behind Hair Pulling Disorder | TrichStop.com

  https://www.trichstop.com/info/general/trich-statistics

  A 2007 article in the American Journal of psychiatry reports that females tend to outnumber males by 3 to 1 among adults, with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) citing an overall female predominance of 10 to 1. […] Currently there are no studies reporting differences in the prevalence of trichotillomania between different racial groups. […] While the body of research for trichotillomania has been steadily growing, particularly over the past decade, it is clear that we are nowhere near having a holistic epidemiologic understanding of the condition. Research of this nature is fundamental to the successful development of effective prevention and management of the condition on a large scale, but that is still able to cater to the needs of specific individuals.

• #66 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Although samples of treatment/support-seeking individuals have around a 4:1 ratio of women to men, the community surveys suggest that disordered hair-pulling affects men and women equally. […] Interestingly, hair-pulling disorders appear to be equally prevalent across cultures and do not differentiate according to socioeconomic status or education level. […] The Trichotillomania Impact Project surveyed 1697 people who self-reported symptoms consistent with a clinical diagnosis of trichotillomania. They reported high levels of distress (5.1/7) and mild to moderate impacts on quality of life across social, occupational, academic and psychological domains. […] Despite this, the majority of patients never seek treatment, and the majority of those who do find that their healthcare provider knows little or nothing about the disorder.

• #67

  https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/fulltext/2022/07000/trichotillomania_prevalence_in_an_arab_middle.92.aspx

  Trichotillomania (TTM) (hair-pulling disorder) is a relatively rare psychiatric condition. We are aware of no studies of this disorder in Arab Middle Eastern populations. We examine the prevalence and correlates of TTM in a community sample of individuals living in a large port city in western Saudi Arabia. A total of 9 of 511 participants (1.8%) scored above the cutoff for suspected TTM on the MGH-HPS, whereas 203 (39.7%) had a history of hair-pulling. While a history of hair-pulling is common in this community sample (40%), suspected TTM is much less prevalent (2%), although not rare by any means. The lifetime prevalence of TTM as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, revised (DSM-III-R) was found to be approximately 0.6% among college students, and the prevalence in the general population is thought to be much higher than this. Our paper seeks to determine the prevalence of suspected TTM and to identify associated demographic and psychiatric risk factors in a community population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The only statistically significant difference between the two groups was gender; females were more common than males among those with the disorder (8 females vs 1 male, P = 0.047). However, there was also a weak trend indicating that those with TTM were more likely to have OCD (6.7% vs 1.5%, P = 0.093). Given the psychological and physical consequences of TTM and the existence of effective treatments for this disorder, clinicians need to identify this condition, particularly when treating patients with OCD. The present study demonstrated that TTM is not uncommon in this community sample of relatively young, well-educated adults in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence reported here (1.8%) is similar to that reported in other community populations from different parts of the world. TTM is one of the body-focused compulsive disorders in DSM-5. This disorder is known to negatively impact the social, mental, and physical health of those who have it. The impact of such a disorder should not be underestimated, especially when more than half a million people in Saudi Arabia (and millions outside of Saudi Arabia) may be exhibiting many behaviors consistent with this diagnosis. Primary care physicians should be alert for TTM (and subthreshold TTM) when encountering patients with OCD or other OCD-related disorders in Saudi Arabia.

• #68

  https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/fulltext/2022/07000/trichotillomania_prevalence_in_an_arab_middle.92.aspx

  Although a relatively small percentage (1.8%) scored above the cutoff for suspected TTM on the MGH-HPS, nearly 40% had a history of hair-pulling. Risk factors for TTM were female gender, history of OCD, marital status (unmarried), living situation (not living with family), and unemployment status (unemployed). For those with a history of hair-pulling, the most frequent locations were from the face (63%), head (56%), and legs (15%).

• #69 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 1,234 individuals diagnosed with trichotillomania in the Swedish National Patient Register | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-95416-w

  Population-based registers from Nordic countries (e.g., Sweden and Denmark) have been leveraged to identify and characterize nationwide cohorts of individuals with various psychiatric disorders but, to our knowledge, trichotillomania has not been the focus of register-based research. […] We predicted that the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of this nationwide cohort from Sweden would resemble those of individuals with trichotillomania from international samples previously described in the literature. […] Our data indicate that the diagnoses of trichotillomania made in specialist care likely represent a very small proportion of all possible individuals with trichotillomania in Sweden, if we consider that the expected prevalence in the population is around 12%. […] Nevertheless, the proportion of individuals with trichotillomania in our study, approximately 0.01% of the general population, is striking.

• #70

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2019/61001/trichotillomania__hair_pulling_disorder_.18.aspx

  Trichotillomania is characterized by the repetitive pulling out of one’s own hair leading to hair loss and possibly functional impairment. Prevalence studies suggest that trichotillomania is a common disorder (point prevalence estimates of 0.5%2.0%). […] Nationwide epidemiological studies of trichotillomania are lacking, smaller studies, usually conducted in university settings, have found a lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania to be around 0.6%; and point prevalence to be 0.0%3.9%. […] In adults, trichotillomania appears to have a large female preponderance (4:1 female:male), a sex ratio that is unique among psychiatric disorders. […] The onset of hair pulling is generally in late childhood or early adolescence. […] Approximately 10%20% of people with trichotillomania eat their hair after pulling it (trichophagia), which can result in gastrointestinal obstruction and the formation of intestinal hair-balls (trichobezoars) which can require surgical intervention.

• #71 Trichotillomania | Concise Medical Knowledge

  https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/trichotillomania/

  Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder (HPD)) is defined as repetitive pulling of ones hair resulting in hair loss that may be visible to others. […] Trichotillomania, also known as hair-pulling disorder, is characterized by a repetitive or deliberate desire to pull ones hair, done unconsciously. […] Presents in 1%3% of the population. […] Occurs more often in women than in men (9:1). […] Onset: childhoodadolescence, frequently associated with a stressful event. […] Roughly 10%20% of patients also ingest the hair, which can develop into hazardous bezoars (hairballs that can block the GI tract).

• #72

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2019/61001/trichotillomania__hair_pulling_disorder_.18.aspx

  Trichotillomania is characterized by the repetitive pulling out of one’s own hair leading to hair loss and possibly functional impairment. Prevalence studies suggest that trichotillomania is a common disorder (point prevalence estimates of 0.5%2.0%). […] Nationwide epidemiological studies of trichotillomania are lacking, smaller studies, usually conducted in university settings, have found a lifetime prevalence of trichotillomania to be around 0.6%; and point prevalence to be 0.0%3.9%. […] In adults, trichotillomania appears to have a large female preponderance (4:1 female:male), a sex ratio that is unique among psychiatric disorders. […] The onset of hair pulling is generally in late childhood or early adolescence. […] Approximately 10%20% of people with trichotillomania eat their hair after pulling it (trichophagia), which can result in gastrointestinal obstruction and the formation of intestinal hair-balls (trichobezoars) which can require surgical intervention.

• #73 Therapeutic Aspects of Trichotillomania: A Review of Current Treatment Options

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/trichotillomania-therapy/

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hair pulling that affects a growing and diverse patient population. […] There is a lack of substantial epidemiologic research on TTM to date. […] The mean age at onset for hair-pulling symptoms has been reported as bimodal, occurring in either early childhood or adolescence. […] Although the female-to-male ratio of disease is 4:1, in children the ratio is more equal. […] TTM can manifest at any site on the body where hair is located. […] TTM can be chronic in many patients, and there is a common presence of comorbid conditions like nail biting, skin picking, headache, trichobezoar, carpal tunnel syndrome, and scalp injury. […] Patients seeking psychiatric care who are suspected to have TTM must meet 5 criteria as established by the DSM-5 during the diagnostic interview and history-gathering portion of the visit.

• #74 Update on Trichotillomania

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/update-trichotillomania

  Despite its occurrence in up to 3.4% of adults, hair-pulling disorder or trichotillomania (TTM) is often under-diagnosed and inappropriately treated, according to a panel of experts presenting at the recent APA meeting. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence in adults ranges between 0.6% and 3.4%. […] TTM frequently exists with other disorders, according to several presenters. In one study, Flessner and colleagues found that up to 60% of individuals with TTM had another current psychiatric disorder. […] TTM sufferers can experience medical complications such as skin irritations at the pulling site, dental problems from biting or chewing their hair, infections, and repetitive-use hand injuries. […] In the Trichotillomania Impact Project for Adults (TIP-A), an Internet-based survey of individuals with TTM, those surveyed (1697 respondents) reported mild to moderate life impairment in social, occupational, academic, and psychological functioning.

• #75 Therapeutic Aspects of Trichotillomania: A Review of Current Treatment Options

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/trichotillomania-therapy/

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hair pulling that affects a growing and diverse patient population. […] There is a lack of substantial epidemiologic research on TTM to date. […] The mean age at onset for hair-pulling symptoms has been reported as bimodal, occurring in either early childhood or adolescence. […] Although the female-to-male ratio of disease is 4:1, in children the ratio is more equal. […] TTM can manifest at any site on the body where hair is located. […] TTM can be chronic in many patients, and there is a common presence of comorbid conditions like nail biting, skin picking, headache, trichobezoar, carpal tunnel syndrome, and scalp injury. […] Patients seeking psychiatric care who are suspected to have TTM must meet 5 criteria as established by the DSM-5 during the diagnostic interview and history-gathering portion of the visit.

• #76

  https://journals.lww.com/indianjpsychiatry/fulltext/2019/61001/trichotillomania__hair_pulling_disorder_.18.aspx

  Comorbid psychiatric conditions, especially depression and/or anxiety (lifetime histories of which are seen in over 50% of patients) are extremely common in trichotillomania. […] If untreated, trichotillomania is a chronic illness that often results in substantial psychosocial dysfunction, and that can, in rare cases, lead to life-threatening medical problems.

• #77 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Trichotillomania, or hair-pulling disorder, is one of a family of disorders called body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), which also include disordered skin-picking (dermotillomania) and nail-biting (onychophagia). The disorders affect 1%2% of the population, cause high levels of distress and have high levels of comorbidity with other psychiatric diagnoses. […] These disorders are under-recognised, under-researched and underestimated in terms of their scale and impact. […] Large population surveys do not typically include questions related to disordered hair-pulling, so the only evidence we have for prevalence comes from relatively small samples, often of USA-based university students giving prevalence estimates of between 0.5%2%. […] One moderately sized community sample (n=10169) estimated a prevalence of 1.7%, which would represent as many as 1.1 million people in the UK.

• #78 Therapeutic Aspects of Trichotillomania: A Review of Current Treatment Options

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/trichotillomania-therapy/

  Treatment for TTM currently consists of a mixture of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic (psychotherapeutic) methods. […] No US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments are currently available for TTM. […] Although numerous pharmacologic treatment options have been successfully administered to patients with TTM, placebo response rates remain high. […] TTM presents primarily as excessive hair-pulling behavior that can be conscious or unconscious in nature. […] Treatments for TTM fall under both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic categories. […] It is imperative to improve protocols for existing drugs while continuing to explore novel treatment options due to the lack of universally accepted and approved treatment options for TTM. […] With the advancement of epidemiologic, genetic, neuroimaging, and dietary studies, it may be possible to gain the knowledge needed to better assist the patient population affected by TTM.

• #79 Top Published Expert Doctors for Trichotillomania

  https://findexpertmd.com/d/Trichotillomania

  260 top medical experts on Trichotillomania across 34 countries and 29 U.S. states, including 101 MDs (Physicians). This is based on an objective analysis of their Scientific Publications, Clinical Trials, Medicare, and NIH Grants. […] Trichotillomania: Compulsion to pull out one’s hair. […] Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: at least 40 including 1 Active, 29 Completed, 4 Recruiting.

• #80 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Trichotillomania, or hair-pulling disorder, is one of a family of disorders called body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), which also include disordered skin-picking (dermotillomania) and nail-biting (onychophagia). The disorders affect 1%2% of the population, cause high levels of distress and have high levels of comorbidity with other psychiatric diagnoses. […] These disorders are under-recognised, under-researched and underestimated in terms of their scale and impact. […] Large population surveys do not typically include questions related to disordered hair-pulling, so the only evidence we have for prevalence comes from relatively small samples, often of USA-based university students giving prevalence estimates of between 0.5%2%. […] One moderately sized community sample (n=10169) estimated a prevalence of 1.7%, which would represent as many as 1.1 million people in the UK.

• #81 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Although samples of treatment/support-seeking individuals have around a 4:1 ratio of women to men, the community surveys suggest that disordered hair-pulling affects men and women equally. […] Interestingly, hair-pulling disorders appear to be equally prevalent across cultures and do not differentiate according to socioeconomic status or education level. […] The Trichotillomania Impact Project surveyed 1697 people who self-reported symptoms consistent with a clinical diagnosis of trichotillomania. They reported high levels of distress (5.1/7) and mild to moderate impacts on quality of life across social, occupational, academic and psychological domains. […] Despite this, the majority of patients never seek treatment, and the majority of those who do find that their healthcare provider knows little or nothing about the disorder.

• #82 Optimizing psychological interventions for trichotillomania (hair-pull | PRBM

  https://www.dovepress.com/optimizing-psychological-interventions-for-trichotillomania-hair-pulli-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-PRBM

  Trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) is a psychiatric condition characterized by a persistent habit of pulling out one’s hair. […] Surveys indicate that about 1% of the general adult population and 2%4.4% of the general psychiatric outpatient population meet the criteria for HPD. […] Of those who seek treatment for HPD, a large majority (88%94%) are female. […] The most common age of onset is early adolescence, although HPD can occur at any age. […] HPD tends to be a chronic condition and can be difficult to treat. […] However, surveys indicate that a majority of mental health providers have limited knowledge of HPD and its treatment. […] The objectives of this paper are to provide an overview of the clinical and diagnostic features of HPD, describe different cognitive-behavioral treatment interventions, and review treatment efficacy research.

• #83 Update on Trichotillomania

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/update-trichotillomania

  In the Child and Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Project (CA-TIP), most of the surveyed 133 youths (ages 10 to 17) reported some impairment in social and academic functioning. […] Grant also explored the neurobiological underpinning of TTM as identified using neuroimaging, neurocognitive assessment and animal models. […] The FDA has not approved any pharmacological treatment for TTM. […] Several of the presenters emphasized that SSRIs-the most commonly prescribed pharmacological treatment for trichotillomania-have little or no efficacy in treating hair-pulling, although they may be helpful for patients with comorbid TTM and depression or anxiety. […] Franklin noted that efficacious, nonpharmacological treatments have been used for TTM, in particular, cognitive-behavioral interventions involving procedures collectively known as habit reversal training. […] Further discussion of pediatric trichotillomania is contained in a recent article by Harrison and Franklin. […] In the DSM-IV-TR, TTM is classified as one of five impulse control disorders, he said. In DSM-5, experts are recommending it be listed as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder.

• #84 Therapeutic Aspects of Trichotillomania: A Review of Current Treatment Options

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/trichotillomania-therapy/

  Treatment for TTM currently consists of a mixture of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic (psychotherapeutic) methods. […] No US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments are currently available for TTM. […] Although numerous pharmacologic treatment options have been successfully administered to patients with TTM, placebo response rates remain high. […] TTM presents primarily as excessive hair-pulling behavior that can be conscious or unconscious in nature. […] Treatments for TTM fall under both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic categories. […] It is imperative to improve protocols for existing drugs while continuing to explore novel treatment options due to the lack of universally accepted and approved treatment options for TTM. […] With the advancement of epidemiologic, genetic, neuroimaging, and dietary studies, it may be possible to gain the knowledge needed to better assist the patient population affected by TTM.

• #85 Update on Trichotillomania

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/update-trichotillomania

  In the Child and Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Project (CA-TIP), most of the surveyed 133 youths (ages 10 to 17) reported some impairment in social and academic functioning. […] Grant also explored the neurobiological underpinning of TTM as identified using neuroimaging, neurocognitive assessment and animal models. […] The FDA has not approved any pharmacological treatment for TTM. […] Several of the presenters emphasized that SSRIs-the most commonly prescribed pharmacological treatment for trichotillomania-have little or no efficacy in treating hair-pulling, although they may be helpful for patients with comorbid TTM and depression or anxiety. […] Franklin noted that efficacious, nonpharmacological treatments have been used for TTM, in particular, cognitive-behavioral interventions involving procedures collectively known as habit reversal training. […] Further discussion of pediatric trichotillomania is contained in a recent article by Harrison and Franklin. […] In the DSM-IV-TR, TTM is classified as one of five impulse control disorders, he said. In DSM-5, experts are recommending it be listed as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder.

• #86 Trichotillomania: A Primer on a Common Hair-Pulling Disorder

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/971181

  Trichotillomania is a chronic psychiatric disorder that causes people to repeatedly pull out their own hair. […] Though reported prevalence rates of up to approximately 2%, it’s probable that you’ll come upon a patient suffering with this disorder at your practice, if you haven’t already. […] The current DSM-5 criteria are recurrent pulling out of hair, an inability to stop it, the pulling resulting in some noticeable thinning or hair loss, and that it causes some level of distress or some type of impairment in functioning. […] Generally speaking, it’s in early adolescence, post puberty, around 12-15 years of age. […] We know that it has some links to OCD. […] One of the biggest pieces of evidence for that is that our first-line treatment for OCD a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant does not really help hair pulling.

• #87 Update on Trichotillomania

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/update-trichotillomania

  In the Child and Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Project (CA-TIP), most of the surveyed 133 youths (ages 10 to 17) reported some impairment in social and academic functioning. […] Grant also explored the neurobiological underpinning of TTM as identified using neuroimaging, neurocognitive assessment and animal models. […] The FDA has not approved any pharmacological treatment for TTM. […] Several of the presenters emphasized that SSRIs-the most commonly prescribed pharmacological treatment for trichotillomania-have little or no efficacy in treating hair-pulling, although they may be helpful for patients with comorbid TTM and depression or anxiety. […] Franklin noted that efficacious, nonpharmacological treatments have been used for TTM, in particular, cognitive-behavioral interventions involving procedures collectively known as habit reversal training. […] Further discussion of pediatric trichotillomania is contained in a recent article by Harrison and Franklin. […] In the DSM-IV-TR, TTM is classified as one of five impulse control disorders, he said. In DSM-5, experts are recommending it be listed as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder.

• #88 Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling) | Mental Health America

  https://mhanational.org/conditions/trichotillomania-hair-pulling/

  Trichotillomania is on the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, which means that it shares many symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), such as compulsive counting, checking, or washing. These two disorders commonly run in the same families and medications used to treat OCD can be helpful in treating trichotillomania. […] The two methods of treatment that have been scientifically researched and found to be effective are behavioral therapy and medications, which are generally used in combination.

• #89 Update on Trichotillomania | Psychlinks Forum — Archive Only (2004-2022)

  https://forum.psychlinks.ca/threads/update-on-trichotillomania.23747/

  In the Child and Adolescent Trichotillomania Impact Project (CA-TIP), most of surveyed 133 youth (ages 10 to 17) reported some impairment in social and academic functioning. […] There is probably involvement of multiple genes conferring biological vulnerability he said. […] The FDA has not approved any pharmacologic treatment for TTM. […] Several of the presenters emphasized that SSRIs — the most commonly prescribed pharmacological treatment for trichotillomania — have little or no efficacy in treating hair-pulling, although they may be helpful for patients with comorbid TTM and depression or anxiety. […] New data have emerged supporting the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutamate modulator, and olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, for TTM. […] Franklin noted that efficacious, nonpharmacologic treatments have been used for TTM, in particular, cognitive-behavioral interventions involving procedures collectively known as habit reversal training.

• #90 Trichotillomania (Hairpulling Disorder) | Abnormal Psychology

  https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-abnormalpsych/chapter/trichotillomania-hair-pulling-disorder/

  Trichotillomania (TTM), or human compulsive hairpulling, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, affecting approximately 3.5% of women, or 3.7 million people in the United States. TTM patients experience pronounced psychological distress with considerable negative impact in their quality of life. […] Trichotillomania has an estimated lifetime prevalence of approximately 0.5%-1%, and peak age of onset in adolescence (1213 years of age) and is typically associated with impairment across domains of social, occupational, academic, and psychological functioning. […] Trichotillomania is more common in women than in men, and is currently classified as an OCD-related disorder. However, unlike the repetitive compulsive acts observed in OCD, repetitive behaviors in trichotillomania are not generally driven by intrusive thoughts. […] Patients with trichotillomania can come across a range of medical settings, including family doctors, dermatologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, endocrinologists, and geneticists.

• #91 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 1,234 individuals diagnosed with trichotillomania in the Swedish National Patient Register | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-95416-w

  Additional nationwide register-based data from specialist services in other countries would be informative to learn whether this pattern is specific to Sweden or a general trend. […] In conclusion, although trichotillomania may be seldom diagnosed by specialists in Sweden, diagnosed individuals in our study had similar sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to those previously reported in the trichotillomania literature.

• #92 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #93

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00787-017-1074-z

  Trichotillomania/hair pulling disorder (HPD) and excoriation/skin picking disorder (SPD) are childhood-onset, body-focused repetitive behaviors that are thought to share genetic susceptibility and underlying pathophysiology with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). […] 3.8 and 13.0% of TS patients met DSM-5 criteria for HPD and SPD, respectively. […] The prevalence of HPD and SPD in TS patients, and their association with increased tic severity and co-occurring OCD, suggests that clinicians should screen children with TS and related disorders for HPD/SPD, particularly in females and in those with co-occurring OCD. […] This study also helps set a foundation for subsequent research regarding HPD/SPD risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment models.

• #94 Therapeutic Aspects of Trichotillomania: A Review of Current Treatment Options

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/trichotillomania-therapy/

  Treatment for TTM currently consists of a mixture of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic (psychotherapeutic) methods. […] No US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments are currently available for TTM. […] Although numerous pharmacologic treatment options have been successfully administered to patients with TTM, placebo response rates remain high. […] TTM presents primarily as excessive hair-pulling behavior that can be conscious or unconscious in nature. […] Treatments for TTM fall under both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic categories. […] It is imperative to improve protocols for existing drugs while continuing to explore novel treatment options due to the lack of universally accepted and approved treatment options for TTM. […] With the advancement of epidemiologic, genetic, neuroimaging, and dietary studies, it may be possible to gain the knowledge needed to better assist the patient population affected by TTM.

• #95 Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience | BMJ Mental Health

  https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/26/1/e300795

  Comorbidities are common, particularly with anxiety disorders (55%), depression (43%), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD, 29%), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 29%), post traumatic stress disorder (29%), panic disorder (25%), bipolar disorder (19%) alcohol or drug abuse (18%), and eating disorder (17%). […] There is also a large degree of comorbidity within the category of BFRBs (eg, 24% with skin-picking disorder). […] We are lacking any large-scale epidemiological data in the UK, and there is little more than anecdotal information available about referral/treatment pathways or outcomes. […] A greater understanding of trichotillomania and other BFRBs, and how they relate to other disorders (eg, anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, OCD, self-harm, etc), is required. […] This model gives rise to a number of individual testable hypotheses and potential therapeutic targets, but our ability to test them is severely limited by the stigma which keeps these disorders, and those who suffer, in the shadows.

• #96 Trichotillomania: What you should know about this common hair-pulling disorder | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/trichotillomania-what-you-should-know-about-common-hair-pulling-disorder

  Trichotillomania is a chronic psychiatric disorder that causes people to repeatedly pull out their own hair. Not only does it result in alopecia with no other underlying causes but it can have significant psychosocial ramifications and rare, but serious, complications. Though the reported prevalence rates are up to approximately 2%, its probable that youll come upon a patient suffering with this disorder at your practice, if you havent already. […] The current DSM-5 criteria are recurrent pulling out of hair, an inability to stop it, the pulling resulting in some noticeable thinning or hair loss, and that it causes some level of distress or some type of impairment in functioning. […] A small percentage, maybe about 10%, will ingest their hair, much like people who bite and swallow their fingernails. The concern there is that because hair is nondigestible, it could create an intestinal plug that could rupture and be potentially life-threatening. That makes it all the more important to ask those who pull their hair what they do with the hair once they pull it. However, with most people, the real problem is with self-esteem. Young people may not want to socialize, go on dates, or do other things they would normally do because of it. In adults, you may find that theyre far more educated than their job allows but dont want to go to an interview because they dont want to have somebody sit there and look at them and notice that perhaps they dont have any eyebrows, or that theyre wearing a wig. Those psychosocial implications are huge for so many people. […] Given how common it is, I dont think clinicians should just see it as an innocuous little habit that people should be able to stop on their own. Clinicians should educate themselves about trichotillomania and know where the person should get the appropriate care.

• #97 Trichotillomania: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/trichotillomania

  Trichotillomania (TTM) is a mental disorder in which people feel an overwhelming need to pull out their own hair. Research suggests that 0.5 to 2 percent of people have TTM. […] Trichotillomania can affect children, adolescents, and adults of all genders. However, it tends to occur more often in women than men, with a ratio of 9 to 1. […] This condition is thought to be underreported. […] Trichotillomania is often underdiagnosed. Those who have symptoms may feel embarrassed or afraid to talk to their doctor about what they are experiencing.

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