Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Transverse myelitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

  Symptoms include weakness and numbness of the limbs, deficits in sensation and motor skills, dysfunctional urethral and anal sphincter activities, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system that can lead to episodes of high blood pressure. […] Symptoms typically develop for hours to a few weeks. […] The degree and type of sensory loss will depend upon the extent of the involvement of the various sensory tracts, but there is often a „sensory level” at the spinal ganglion of the segmental spinal nerve, below which sensation of pain or light touch is impaired. […] Motor weakness occurs due to the involvement of the pyramidal tracts and mainly affects the muscles that flex the legs and extend the arms. […] Disturbances in sensory nerves and motor nerves and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system at the level of the lesion or below, are noted. Therefore, the signs and symptoms depend on the area of the spine involved.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological condition caused by inflammation of your spinal cord. It often results in sudden symptoms, such as muscle weakness, pain and bladder dysfunction. Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days (have sudden onset), or they may develop over one to four weeks. Symptoms of TM can quickly become severe. TM often affects both sides of your body, but it sometimes only affects one side (this is more common in people with multiple sclerosis). At its worst point, 50% of people with TM have lost all movements of their legs, 80% to 94% of people experience numbness or abnormal sensation (tingling or pricking), and almost all people have some degree of bladder dysfunction. For some people, these symptoms improve or go away completely with treatment, whereas others experience permanent complications. In most cases, TM is a one-time condition with a sudden onset followed by improvement or stabilization.

• #3 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis is a neurological disorder caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. When the spinal cord gets inflamed, this inflammation can damage the insulating material, called myelin, that covers nerve cell fibers. Myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord. […] In people with transverse myelitis, myelin damage most often occurs in nerves in the upper back. The term transverse refers to the pattern of symptoms. A person with transverse myelitis will often feel a band-like sensation across the trunk of the body and may experience sensory symptoms and weakness below that area. […] Most people with transverse myelitis have at least partial recovery, with most recovery taking place within the first three months after symptoms begin. Although some people recover from transverse myelitis with minor or no lasting problems, the healing process can take many months. Some people may have permanent effects that affect their ability to perform ordinary tasks of daily living.

• #4 Transverse myelitis: Know the signs and symptoms – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/transverse-myelitis-know-the-signs-and-symptoms/

  Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. This can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, or bladder and bowel dysfunction. […] Signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis usually develop over a few hours to a few days and may sometimes progress gradually over several weeks. […] Transverse myelitis usually affects both sides of the body below the affected area of the spinal cord, but sometimes there are symptoms on just one side of the body. […] Typical signs and symptoms include: Pain. Transverse myelitis pain may begin suddenly in your lower back. Sharp pain may shoot down your legs or arms or around your chest or abdomen. Pain symptoms vary based on the part of your spinal cord that’s affected. […] Abnormal sensations. Some people with transverse myelitis report sensations of numbness, tingling, coldness or burning. Some are especially sensitive to the light touch of clothing or to extreme heat or cold. You may feel as if something is tightly wrapping the skin of your chest, abdomen or legs.

• #5 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological condition caused by inflammation of your spinal cord. It often results in sudden symptoms, such as muscle weakness, pain and bladder dysfunction. Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days (have sudden onset), or they may develop over one to four weeks. Symptoms of TM can quickly become severe. TM often affects both sides of your body, but it sometimes only affects one side (this is more common in people with multiple sclerosis). At its worst point, 50% of people with TM have lost all movements of their legs, 80% to 94% of people experience numbness or abnormal sensation (tingling or pricking), and almost all people have some degree of bladder dysfunction. For some people, these symptoms improve or go away completely with treatment, whereas others experience permanent complications. In most cases, TM is a one-time condition with a sudden onset followed by improvement or stabilization.

• #6 Transverse myelitis

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/medical-tests/transverse-myelitis

  Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days. Or, they may develop over 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms can quickly become severe. […] Symptoms tend to occur at or below the damaged area of the spinal cord. Both sides of the body are often affected, but sometimes only one side is affected. […] Symptoms include: Abnormal sensations: Numbness, Pricking, Tingling, Coldness, Burning, Sensitivity to touch or temperature. […] Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation, Inability to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Difficulty holding urine, Urine leakage (incontinence). […] Pain: Sharp or blunt, May start in your lower back, May shoot down your arms and legs or wrap around your trunk or chest. […] Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Sexual dysfunction: Difficulty having an orgasm (men and women), Erectile dysfunction in men. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness.

• #7 Transverse myelitis: Symptoms, treatment, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare disorder causing inflammation of the spinal cord. It can lead to symptoms such as pain, weakness, numbness, and in some cases, paralysis. […] Inflammation in the spinal cord interrupts nervous pathways and can cause various symptoms, including: progressive muscle weakness, paralysis, often starting in the legs, diminished touch and temperature sensations, tingling, numbness, and burning sensations, sexual dysfunction, increased urinary urgency or incontinence, fatigue, constipation. […] These symptoms may progress over hours or days. In most people, neurological function appears to decline most between days 4-21. […] Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory condition that causes swelling and inflammation across one area of the spinal cord. This can lead to symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, incontinence, pain, and weakness.

• #8 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Signs & Symptoms | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/signs-symptoms/

  In some cases, symptoms progress over hours whereas in other instances, the presentation is over days. Neurologic function tends to decline during the 4-21-day acute phase, while 80% of cases reach their maximal deficit within 10 days of symptom onset. At its worst point, 50% of individuals have lost all movements of their legs, 80-94% experience numbness, paresthesias or banding or girdling, and almost all have some degree of bladder dysfunction.

• #9 Transverse Myelitis and MS | Multiple Sclerosis News TodayEnvelope icon

  https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/transverse-myelitis/

  Transverse myelitis and multiple sclerosis (MS) are both inflammatory disorders that cause damage to the nervous system. Usually, people who experience an attack of transverse myelitis will recover and not experience subsequent episodes. But in a minority of patients, transverse myelitis may represent the onset of MS. […] Symptoms of transverse myelitis include weakness in the arms and/or legs, often leading to paralysis, pain, often in the lower back or as a sharp pain that feels like it is “shooting” through the body, numbness, tingling, or other abnormal sensations, known as paresthesias, and bladder and bowel problems. […] These symptoms may appear suddenly, or over the course of hours or days. Usually, after the first symptoms become evident, neurological function tends to continually decline over the course of several days. Most patients reach their worst condition within 10 days, at which point about 50% have completely lost the ability to move their legs, and nearly all exhibit bladder problems.

• #10 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Signs & Symptoms | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/signs-symptoms/

  In some cases, symptoms progress over hours whereas in other instances, the presentation is over days. Neurologic function tends to decline during the 4-21-day acute phase, while 80% of cases reach their maximal deficit within 10 days of symptom onset. At its worst point, 50% of individuals have lost all movements of their legs, 80-94% experience numbness, paresthesias or banding or girdling, and almost all have some degree of bladder dysfunction.

• #11 Transverse Myelitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559302/

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare, acquired focal inflammatory disorder often presenting with rapid onset weakness, sensory deficits, and bowel/bladder dysfunction. […] The disorder transverses the spinal cord, causing bilateral deficiencies. However, there may only be partial involvement. The duration of this disease may be as little as 3 to 6 months or may become permanently debilitating. […] At peak deficit, 50% of patients are completely paraplegic, with virtually all of the patients having a degree of bladder/bowel dysfunction. […] Approximately 33% of patients recover with little to no lasting deficits, 33% have a moderate degree of permanent disability, and 33% are permanently disabled. […] The onset of TM is acute to subacute. Neurologic symptoms are prominent. Symptoms include motor, sensory, or autonomic dysfunction. Motor deficits include rapidly progressing paraparesis, which can involve the upper extremities initially with flaccidity followed by spasticity.

• #12 Transverse Myelitis | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/transverse-myelitis/

  Transverse Myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord that may be idiopathic or related to other diseases. It is characterized by acute or subacute dysfunction of the spinal cord affecting the motor, sensory, and autonomic (bowel, bladder, sexual) systems below the lesion level. […] Progression to the nadir of clinical deficits is between 4 hours and 21 days after onset of symptoms (part of diagnostic criteria). […] Onset of back pain, motor weakness, sensory deficits, and bladder or bowel dysfunction typically evolves over hours to days. Symptoms are usually bilateral but are occasionally unilateral or asymmetric. […] Common symptoms include back pain (80-95%), allodynia (80%), paraparesis (50%), bladder symptoms (almost 100%) and sensory level (80%). […] Clinically, it can present as a complete or partial spinal cord injury syndrome. Complete ATM characteristically results in paresis of lower and/or upper extremities and a sensory level, whereas a partial ATM would present with asymmetric neurological impairments. The course is typically monophasic but relapsing idiopathic TM may occur.

• #13 Transverse Myelitis: What It Is and How It’s Connected to MS

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis disrupts communication between nerve cells in the spinal cord and the rest of the body. […] Symptoms of transverse myelitis range from back pain to more serious problems, such as paralysis or loss of bowel control. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may help recovery. […] People with transverse myelitis often experience back pain as their first symptom. Extreme sensitivity to touch, known as allodynia, is also present in about 80 percent of people with transverse myelitis, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. […] Symptoms of transverse myelitis can include: back pain, sensitivity to touch, motor issues, like muscle limpness or tightness, a burning or aching feeling or a pins-and-needles feeling, weakness in the arms and legs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, including incontinence, urgency, and constipation.

• #14 Transverse myelitis: Know the signs and symptoms – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/transverse-myelitis-know-the-signs-and-symptoms/

  Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. This can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, or bladder and bowel dysfunction. […] Signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis usually develop over a few hours to a few days and may sometimes progress gradually over several weeks. […] Transverse myelitis usually affects both sides of the body below the affected area of the spinal cord, but sometimes there are symptoms on just one side of the body. […] Typical signs and symptoms include: Pain. Transverse myelitis pain may begin suddenly in your lower back. Sharp pain may shoot down your legs or arms or around your chest or abdomen. Pain symptoms vary based on the part of your spinal cord that’s affected. […] Abnormal sensations. Some people with transverse myelitis report sensations of numbness, tingling, coldness or burning. Some are especially sensitive to the light touch of clothing or to extreme heat or cold. You may feel as if something is tightly wrapping the skin of your chest, abdomen or legs.

• #15 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Classic features and symptoms of transverse myelitis include: Weakness of the legs and arms. People with transverse myelitis often have weakness in the legs that worsens rapidly. If the myelitis affects the upper spinal cord, it affects the arms as well. People may develop partial paralysis in their legs (called paraparesis) that may progress to complete paralysis and require the person to use a wheelchair to get around. […] Initial symptoms usually include lower back pain or sharp, shooting pain that radiates down the legs or arms or around the persons torso. […] Transverse myelitis can cause abnormal sensations such as burning, tickling, pricking, numbness, coldness, or tingling in the legs. These are called paresthesias. People with transverse myelitis can also lose sensation in parts of their bodies. Abnormal sensations in the torso and genital region are also common.

• #16 Transverse myelitis

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/medical-tests/transverse-myelitis

  Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days. Or, they may develop over 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms can quickly become severe. […] Symptoms tend to occur at or below the damaged area of the spinal cord. Both sides of the body are often affected, but sometimes only one side is affected. […] Symptoms include: Abnormal sensations: Numbness, Pricking, Tingling, Coldness, Burning, Sensitivity to touch or temperature. […] Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation, Inability to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Difficulty holding urine, Urine leakage (incontinence). […] Pain: Sharp or blunt, May start in your lower back, May shoot down your arms and legs or wrap around your trunk or chest. […] Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Sexual dysfunction: Difficulty having an orgasm (men and women), Erectile dysfunction in men. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness.

• #17 Transverse myelitis: Know the signs and symptoms – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/transverse-myelitis-know-the-signs-and-symptoms/

  Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. This can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, or bladder and bowel dysfunction. […] Signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis usually develop over a few hours to a few days and may sometimes progress gradually over several weeks. […] Transverse myelitis usually affects both sides of the body below the affected area of the spinal cord, but sometimes there are symptoms on just one side of the body. […] Typical signs and symptoms include: Pain. Transverse myelitis pain may begin suddenly in your lower back. Sharp pain may shoot down your legs or arms or around your chest or abdomen. Pain symptoms vary based on the part of your spinal cord that’s affected. […] Abnormal sensations. Some people with transverse myelitis report sensations of numbness, tingling, coldness or burning. Some are especially sensitive to the light touch of clothing or to extreme heat or cold. You may feel as if something is tightly wrapping the skin of your chest, abdomen or legs.

• #18 Acute Transverse Myelitis – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/acute-transverse-myelitis

  Usually, symptoms of acute transverse myelitis begin suddenly with pain in the back and a bandlike tightness around the affected area of the body (such as the chest or abdomen). People with this disorder may also have pain in the head or neck. […] Within hours to a few days, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness develop in the feet and move upward. Urinating becomes difficult, although some people feel an urgent need to urinate (urgency). Symptoms may worsen over several more days and may become severe, resulting in paralysis, loss of sensation, retention of urine, and loss of bladder and bowel control. […] The degree of disability depends on the location (level) of the inflammation in the spinal cord and the severity of the inflammation. […] Generally, the more quickly the disorder progresses, the worse the outlook. Severe pain suggests worse inflammation. The outcome is split evenly: About one-third of people recover. About one-third continue to have some muscle weakness and urinary problems (urgency or loss of bladder control). About one-third recover very little. They remain confined to a wheelchair or bed, continue to have bladder and bowel problems, and require help with daily activities.

• #19 Transverse myelitis

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/medical-tests/transverse-myelitis

  Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days. Or, they may develop over 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms can quickly become severe. […] Symptoms tend to occur at or below the damaged area of the spinal cord. Both sides of the body are often affected, but sometimes only one side is affected. […] Symptoms include: Abnormal sensations: Numbness, Pricking, Tingling, Coldness, Burning, Sensitivity to touch or temperature. […] Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation, Inability to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Difficulty holding urine, Urine leakage (incontinence). […] Pain: Sharp or blunt, May start in your lower back, May shoot down your arms and legs or wrap around your trunk or chest. […] Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Sexual dysfunction: Difficulty having an orgasm (men and women), Erectile dysfunction in men. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness.

• #20 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, and bladder or bowel problems. […] Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days. Or, they may develop over 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms can quickly become severe. […] Symptoms tend to occur at or below the damaged area of the spinal cord. Both sides of the body are often affected, but sometimes only one side is affected. […] Symptoms include: Abnormal sensations: Numbness, Pricking, Tingling, Coldness, Burning, Sensitivity to touch or temperature. […] Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation, Inability to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Difficulty holding urine, Urine leakage (incontinence). […] Pain: Sharp or blunt, May start in your lower back, May shoot down your arms and legs or wrap around your trunk or chest.

• #21 Transverse myelitis: Know the signs and symptoms – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/transverse-myelitis-know-the-signs-and-symptoms/

  Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. This can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, or bladder and bowel dysfunction. […] Signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis usually develop over a few hours to a few days and may sometimes progress gradually over several weeks. […] Transverse myelitis usually affects both sides of the body below the affected area of the spinal cord, but sometimes there are symptoms on just one side of the body. […] Typical signs and symptoms include: Pain. Transverse myelitis pain may begin suddenly in your lower back. Sharp pain may shoot down your legs or arms or around your chest or abdomen. Pain symptoms vary based on the part of your spinal cord that’s affected. […] Abnormal sensations. Some people with transverse myelitis report sensations of numbness, tingling, coldness or burning. Some are especially sensitive to the light touch of clothing or to extreme heat or cold. You may feel as if something is tightly wrapping the skin of your chest, abdomen or legs.

• #22 Transverse Myelitis | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/transverse-myelitis/

  Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of the spinal cord, a major part of the central nervous system. […] Symptoms include pain, sensory problems, weakness in the legs and possibly the arms, and bladder and bowel problems. The symptoms may develop suddenly (over a period of hours) or over days or weeks. […] TM produces decreased to absent sensation and motor function in the body starting at the level of injury in the spinal cord where myelin is attacked. Individuals with TM will often report a band around their body where the level of TM begins. […] TM usually includes the following symptoms: Feeling like there is a band around the midsection, Weakness of the legs and arms, Pain, Sensory alteration, Bowel, bladder and sensory dysfunction. […] Pain is the primary symptom of transverse myelitis in about half of all patients.

• #23 Transverse myelitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

  Symptoms include weakness and numbness of the limbs, deficits in sensation and motor skills, dysfunctional urethral and anal sphincter activities, and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system that can lead to episodes of high blood pressure. […] Symptoms typically develop for hours to a few weeks. […] The degree and type of sensory loss will depend upon the extent of the involvement of the various sensory tracts, but there is often a „sensory level” at the spinal ganglion of the segmental spinal nerve, below which sensation of pain or light touch is impaired. […] Motor weakness occurs due to the involvement of the pyramidal tracts and mainly affects the muscles that flex the legs and extend the arms. […] Disturbances in sensory nerves and motor nerves and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system at the level of the lesion or below, are noted. Therefore, the signs and symptoms depend on the area of the spine involved.

• #24 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Classic features and symptoms of transverse myelitis include: Weakness of the legs and arms. People with transverse myelitis often have weakness in the legs that worsens rapidly. If the myelitis affects the upper spinal cord, it affects the arms as well. People may develop partial paralysis in their legs (called paraparesis) that may progress to complete paralysis and require the person to use a wheelchair to get around. […] Initial symptoms usually include lower back pain or sharp, shooting pain that radiates down the legs or arms or around the persons torso. […] Transverse myelitis can cause abnormal sensations such as burning, tickling, pricking, numbness, coldness, or tingling in the legs. These are called paresthesias. People with transverse myelitis can also lose sensation in parts of their bodies. Abnormal sensations in the torso and genital region are also common.

• #25 Transverse myelitis: Know the signs and symptoms – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/transverse-myelitis-know-the-signs-and-symptoms/

  Weakness in your arms or legs. Some people notice heaviness in the legs, or that they’re stumbling or dragging one foot. Others may develop severe weakness or even total paralysis. […] Bladder and bowel problems. This may include needing to urinate more frequently, urinary incontinence, difficulty urinating and constipation.

• #26 Transverse Myelitis – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/transverse-myelitis/

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord. It almost always begins after a child is sick with a viral infection. Damage to the spinal cord causes weakness, paralysis, numbness, problems with urination, and pain. […] Symptoms of TM can include: Weakness or numbness of one part of the body, Cramping or tingling of one part of the body, Tremor in one part of the body, Problems with urination or stooling (including accidents and difficulty peeing), Pain, Autonomic dysfunction (problems with breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure). […] Muscles made weak by TM may feel loose and floppy at first (flaccid). However, they can later become tight and difficult to move (spastic). […] Most recovery happens during the first 3-6 months after the disease starts. Physical therapy can be helpful with this recovery. Most people with TM will recover fully. Some will continue to have mild weakness or problems with sensation. Rarely, some people have severe lasting weakness or problems with urination after TM.

• #27 Transverse myelitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

  Back pain can occur at the level of any inflamed segment of the spinal cord. […] If the upper cervical segment of the spinal cord is involved, all four limbs may be affected and there is the risk of respiratory failure the phrenic nerve which is formed by the cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5 innervates the main muscle of respiration, the diaphragm. […] Lesions of the lower cervical region (C5T1) will cause a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs in the upper limbs, and exclusively upper motor neuron signs in the lower limbs. […] A lesion of the thoracic segment (T112) will produce upper motor neuron signs in the lower limbs, presenting as a spastic paraparesis. This is the most common location of the lesion, and therefore most individuals will have weakness in the lower limbs.

• #28 Acute transverse myelitis | Great Ormond Street Hospital

  https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/conditions-and-treatments/conditions-we-treat/acute-transverse-myelitis/

  The symptoms of ATM can come on quickly and depend on where in the spine the swelling occurs. If the swelling is in the lower back, then symptoms can include back pain, weakness of both legs and bowel and bladder problems. If the attack is higher, such as around the neck (cervical) area, then both arm and leg weakness can occur and in severe cases breathing can be affected. […] A number of children though are left with some motor weakness and/or with residual problems such as weakness in bowel and bladder function.

• #29 Transverse myelitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

  Back pain can occur at the level of any inflamed segment of the spinal cord. […] If the upper cervical segment of the spinal cord is involved, all four limbs may be affected and there is the risk of respiratory failure the phrenic nerve which is formed by the cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5 innervates the main muscle of respiration, the diaphragm. […] Lesions of the lower cervical region (C5T1) will cause a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs in the upper limbs, and exclusively upper motor neuron signs in the lower limbs. […] A lesion of the thoracic segment (T112) will produce upper motor neuron signs in the lower limbs, presenting as a spastic paraparesis. This is the most common location of the lesion, and therefore most individuals will have weakness in the lower limbs.

• #30 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological condition caused by inflammation of your spinal cord. It often results in sudden symptoms, such as muscle weakness, pain and bladder dysfunction. Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days (have sudden onset), or they may develop over one to four weeks. Symptoms of TM can quickly become severe. TM often affects both sides of your body, but it sometimes only affects one side (this is more common in people with multiple sclerosis). At its worst point, 50% of people with TM have lost all movements of their legs, 80% to 94% of people experience numbness or abnormal sensation (tingling or pricking), and almost all people have some degree of bladder dysfunction. For some people, these symptoms improve or go away completely with treatment, whereas others experience permanent complications. In most cases, TM is a one-time condition with a sudden onset followed by improvement or stabilization.

• #31 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  People with transverse myelitis often have an increased frequency or urge to use the toilet, incontinence or urinary retention, and constipation. […] Other symptoms may include muscle spasms, a general feeling of discomfort, and loss of appetite. Some people experience respiratory problems, sexual dysfunction, and chronic pain.

• #32 Transverse myelitis

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/medical-tests/transverse-myelitis

  Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days. Or, they may develop over 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms can quickly become severe. […] Symptoms tend to occur at or below the damaged area of the spinal cord. Both sides of the body are often affected, but sometimes only one side is affected. […] Symptoms include: Abnormal sensations: Numbness, Pricking, Tingling, Coldness, Burning, Sensitivity to touch or temperature. […] Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation, Inability to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Difficulty holding urine, Urine leakage (incontinence). […] Pain: Sharp or blunt, May start in your lower back, May shoot down your arms and legs or wrap around your trunk or chest. […] Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Sexual dysfunction: Difficulty having an orgasm (men and women), Erectile dysfunction in men. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness.

• #33 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, and bladder or bowel problems. […] Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days. Or, they may develop over 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms can quickly become severe. […] Symptoms tend to occur at or below the damaged area of the spinal cord. Both sides of the body are often affected, but sometimes only one side is affected. […] Symptoms include: Abnormal sensations: Numbness, Pricking, Tingling, Coldness, Burning, Sensitivity to touch or temperature. […] Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation, Inability to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Difficulty holding urine, Urine leakage (incontinence). […] Pain: Sharp or blunt, May start in your lower back, May shoot down your arms and legs or wrap around your trunk or chest.

• #34 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  People with transverse myelitis often have an increased frequency or urge to use the toilet, incontinence or urinary retention, and constipation. […] Other symptoms may include muscle spasms, a general feeling of discomfort, and loss of appetite. Some people experience respiratory problems, sexual dysfunction, and chronic pain.

• #35 Transverse myelitis

  https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/medical-tests/transverse-myelitis

  Symptoms of transverse myelitis may develop within a few hours or days. Or, they may develop over 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms can quickly become severe. […] Symptoms tend to occur at or below the damaged area of the spinal cord. Both sides of the body are often affected, but sometimes only one side is affected. […] Symptoms include: Abnormal sensations: Numbness, Pricking, Tingling, Coldness, Burning, Sensitivity to touch or temperature. […] Bowel and bladder symptoms: Constipation, Inability to urinate, Frequent need to urinate, Difficulty holding urine, Urine leakage (incontinence). […] Pain: Sharp or blunt, May start in your lower back, May shoot down your arms and legs or wrap around your trunk or chest. […] Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Sexual dysfunction: Difficulty having an orgasm (men and women), Erectile dysfunction in men. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness.

• #36 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness. […] The outlook for people with transverse myelitis varies. Most recovery occurs within 3 months after the condition occurs. For some, healing may take months to years. About a third of people with transverse myelitis recover completely. Some people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel problems and trouble walking. Others have permanent disability and need help with daily activities. […] Those who may have poor chance of recovery are: People who have rapid onset of symptoms, People whose symptoms do not improve within the first 3 to 6 months. […] Transverse myelitis usually only occurs once in most people. It may recur in some people with an underlying cause, such as MS. People who have involvement of only on one side of the spinal cord may be more likely to develop MS in the future.

• #37 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness. […] The outlook for people with transverse myelitis varies. Most recovery occurs within 3 months after the condition occurs. For some, healing may take months to years. About a third of people with transverse myelitis recover completely. Some people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel problems and trouble walking. Others have permanent disability and need help with daily activities. […] Those who may have poor chance of recovery are: People who have rapid onset of symptoms, People whose symptoms do not improve within the first 3 to 6 months. […] Transverse myelitis usually only occurs once in most people. It may recur in some people with an underlying cause, such as MS. People who have involvement of only on one side of the spinal cord may be more likely to develop MS in the future.

• #38 Acute Transverse Myelitis – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/acute-transverse-myelitis

  Usually, symptoms of acute transverse myelitis begin suddenly with pain in the back and a bandlike tightness around the affected area of the body (such as the chest or abdomen). People with this disorder may also have pain in the head or neck. […] Within hours to a few days, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness develop in the feet and move upward. Urinating becomes difficult, although some people feel an urgent need to urinate (urgency). Symptoms may worsen over several more days and may become severe, resulting in paralysis, loss of sensation, retention of urine, and loss of bladder and bowel control. […] The degree of disability depends on the location (level) of the inflammation in the spinal cord and the severity of the inflammation. […] Generally, the more quickly the disorder progresses, the worse the outlook. Severe pain suggests worse inflammation. The outcome is split evenly: About one-third of people recover. About one-third continue to have some muscle weakness and urinary problems (urgency or loss of bladder control). About one-third recover very little. They remain confined to a wheelchair or bed, continue to have bladder and bowel problems, and require help with daily activities.

• #39 Transverse myelitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

  A lesion of the lumbar segment, the lower part of the spinal cord (L1S5) often produces a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs in the lower limbs. […] Recovery from TM is variable between individuals and also depends on the underlying cause. Some patients begin to recover between weeks 2 and 12 following onset and may continue to improve for up to two years. Other patients may never show signs of recovery. […] The prognosis for TM depends on whether there is improvement in 3 to 6 months. Complete recovery is unlikely if no improvement occurs within this time. Incomplete recovery can still occur; however, aggressive physical therapy and rehabilitation will be very important. One-third of people with TM experience full recovery, one-third experience fair recovery but have significant neurological deficits, such as spastic gait. The final third experience no recovery at all.

• #40 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  Recovery from TM may be absent, partial or complete and generally begins within one to three months after initial treatment. Most people recover from transverse myelitis (TM) within three months after the condition happens. For some, healing may take months to years. While some people recover from the inflammation with little or no lasting complications, others recover with moderate or severe disabilities. Those who may have a poor chance of recovery include: People who have rapid onset (start) of symptoms. People whose symptoms dont improve within the first three to six months of treatment and recovery. […] The outlook (prognosis) for people with transverse myelitis varies: Approximately 33% of people recover with little or no lasting complications. Approximately 33% of people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel issues and trouble walking. Approximately 33% of people recover with permanent disabilities, such as paralysis.

• #41 Transverse myelitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

  A lesion of the lumbar segment, the lower part of the spinal cord (L1S5) often produces a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs in the lower limbs. […] Recovery from TM is variable between individuals and also depends on the underlying cause. Some patients begin to recover between weeks 2 and 12 following onset and may continue to improve for up to two years. Other patients may never show signs of recovery. […] The prognosis for TM depends on whether there is improvement in 3 to 6 months. Complete recovery is unlikely if no improvement occurs within this time. Incomplete recovery can still occur; however, aggressive physical therapy and rehabilitation will be very important. One-third of people with TM experience full recovery, one-third experience fair recovery but have significant neurological deficits, such as spastic gait. The final third experience no recovery at all.

• #42 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  Recovery from TM may be absent, partial or complete and generally begins within one to three months after initial treatment. Most people recover from transverse myelitis (TM) within three months after the condition happens. For some, healing may take months to years. While some people recover from the inflammation with little or no lasting complications, others recover with moderate or severe disabilities. Those who may have a poor chance of recovery include: People who have rapid onset (start) of symptoms. People whose symptoms dont improve within the first three to six months of treatment and recovery. […] The outlook (prognosis) for people with transverse myelitis varies: Approximately 33% of people recover with little or no lasting complications. Approximately 33% of people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel issues and trouble walking. Approximately 33% of people recover with permanent disabilities, such as paralysis.

• #43 Acute Transverse Myelitis – Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/brain-spinal-cord-and-nerve-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/acute-transverse-myelitis

  Usually, symptoms of acute transverse myelitis begin suddenly with pain in the back and a bandlike tightness around the affected area of the body (such as the chest or abdomen). People with this disorder may also have pain in the head or neck. […] Within hours to a few days, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness develop in the feet and move upward. Urinating becomes difficult, although some people feel an urgent need to urinate (urgency). Symptoms may worsen over several more days and may become severe, resulting in paralysis, loss of sensation, retention of urine, and loss of bladder and bowel control. […] The degree of disability depends on the location (level) of the inflammation in the spinal cord and the severity of the inflammation. […] Generally, the more quickly the disorder progresses, the worse the outlook. Severe pain suggests worse inflammation. The outcome is split evenly: About one-third of people recover. About one-third continue to have some muscle weakness and urinary problems (urgency or loss of bladder control). About one-third recover very little. They remain confined to a wheelchair or bed, continue to have bladder and bowel problems, and require help with daily activities.

• #44 Transverse Myelitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559302/

  Autonomic features of TM include urinary urgency, bladder/bowel incontinence, difficulty/inability to void, bowel constipation, or sexual dysfunction. […] Most recovery occurs within the first 3 months from symptom onset, but recovery can take up to 2 years. If there is no recovery within the first 3 to 6 months, then recovery is unlikely. […] Most patients with idiopathic TM should at least have a partial recovery. This recovery should begin within 1 to 3 months and should continue to progress with exercise and rehabilitation therapy. […] Rapid onset with complete paraplegia and spinal shock is associated with a poorer prognosis.

• #45 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness. […] The outlook for people with transverse myelitis varies. Most recovery occurs within 3 months after the condition occurs. For some, healing may take months to years. About a third of people with transverse myelitis recover completely. Some people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel problems and trouble walking. Others have permanent disability and need help with daily activities. […] Those who may have poor chance of recovery are: People who have rapid onset of symptoms, People whose symptoms do not improve within the first 3 to 6 months. […] Transverse myelitis usually only occurs once in most people. It may recur in some people with an underlying cause, such as MS. People who have involvement of only on one side of the spinal cord may be more likely to develop MS in the future.

• #46 Transverse Myelitis | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/transverse-myelitis/

  Most recovery occurs in the first 3 months after injury, but improvement may occur up to a year or longer. […] According to the National Institute of Health data on idiopathic TM, ultimately one-third of patients have full recovery with the ability to walk, one-third have a fair recovery with some deficits, and one-third have poor recovery with significant neurologic deficits. […] Prognosis in children is not clear cut, but data suggest 30-50% make a full recovery, and a significant portion remain to have residual debilitating motor sequelae. […] Poor recovery has been associated with rapid onset/progression of symptoms, severe neurological deficits, sensory disturbances at cervical level, sphincter dysfunction at onset, lack of improvement in the first 3-6 months, presence of protein 14-3-3 in CSF, LETM and ATM associated with NMO.

• #47 Transverse Myelitis

  https://healthlibrary.osfhealthcare.org/Library/TestsProcedures/Pulmonary/134,24

  The long-term effects of transverse myelitis vary among people. About 1/3 of people with transverse myelitis have full or near-full recovery, with most of their symptoms gone. Another third have fair recovery, retaining some of their symptoms. The last third recover poorly and have major physical disabilities. […] When recovery from transverse myelitis occurs, it often starts from 2 to 12 weeks after you first have symptoms. It can take up to 2 years. Most people will only have a single episode of transverse myelitis. But a few people may have a recurrence. […] Some people who get transverse myelitis are left with permanent physical disabilities, such as muscle stiffness, loss of bowel or bladder function, muscle weakness, or even paralysis.

• #48 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness. […] The outlook for people with transverse myelitis varies. Most recovery occurs within 3 months after the condition occurs. For some, healing may take months to years. About a third of people with transverse myelitis recover completely. Some people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel problems and trouble walking. Others have permanent disability and need help with daily activities. […] Those who may have poor chance of recovery are: People who have rapid onset of symptoms, People whose symptoms do not improve within the first 3 to 6 months. […] Transverse myelitis usually only occurs once in most people. It may recur in some people with an underlying cause, such as MS. People who have involvement of only on one side of the spinal cord may be more likely to develop MS in the future.

• #49 Transverse Myelitis Information – MyMyelitis

  https://mymyelitis.com/transverse-myelitis/transverse-myelitis-information/

  Individuals with TM might also experience fever, headache, and fatigue. Others include muscle spasms, muscle spasticity, and loss of appetite. […] Recovery from Transverse Myelitis differs on a case-by-case basis. Some patients recover with little to no issues, while others have significant and permanent problems. Most people tend to have at least some recovery from the condition. Permanent topics include pain, paralysis, weakness, incontinence, and loss of or abnormal sensations. Often these deficits can broadly impact the quality of life of the individual. […] Most of this recovery tends to occur within the first few months following the TM attack. However, some people have experienced recovery years after the initial onset of the condition. Early acute treatment combined with aggressive physical therapy can improve the recovery of individuals with TM.

• #50 UC San Diego Health Health Library | San Diego Hospital, Healthcare

  https://myhealth.ucsd.edu/134,24

  Transverse myelitis is a neurological condition. The symptoms of transverse myelitis can develop over several hours or days, or over a longer period of 1 to 2 weeks. These are possible symptoms: Back or neck pain, Weakness in arms or legs, Abnormal feelings in the legs, such as burning, tingling, or pricking, Loss of bladder or bowel control, Heightened sensitivity to touch. Where in the body these symptoms occur depends on what part of the spinal cord is inflamed. People with inflammation in the neck typically feel symptoms from the neck down. Inflammation in the middle of the spine can cause symptoms from the waist down. […] The long-term effects of transverse myelitis vary among people. About 1/3 of people with transverse myelitis have full or near-full recovery, with most of their symptoms gone. Another third have fair recovery, retaining some of their symptoms. The last third recover poorly and have major physical disabilities. […] Some people who get transverse myelitis are left with permanent physical disabilities, such as muscle stiffness, loss of bowel or bladder function, muscle weakness, or even paralysis.

• #51 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological syndrome. It is an inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord. TM may be due to a virus or other infection, but in general, the cause is unknown. TM is an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. In general, TM is a one-time disease with a sudden onset followed by improvement or stabilization. […] People with symptoms of transverse myelitis may: Develop a rapidly progressive disorder with back pain, numbness, and tingling in the legs, trunk, and sometimes arms. Have weakness in the legs and sometimes in the arms. The weakness may become severe at times, leading to complete paralysis. Have trouble with bowel and bladder function. Have fever. […] The diagnosis of TM is considered when patients develop subacute (over a few days) spinal cord symptoms and signs as described above, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or other imaging does not show another cause for the spinal cord disorders. […] In general, transverse myelitis that is not caused by another disorder is a one-time disease and does not require continuing treatment other than whatever rehabilitation is necessary for the best recovery possible.

• #52 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness. […] The outlook for people with transverse myelitis varies. Most recovery occurs within 3 months after the condition occurs. For some, healing may take months to years. About a third of people with transverse myelitis recover completely. Some people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel problems and trouble walking. Others have permanent disability and need help with daily activities. […] Those who may have poor chance of recovery are: People who have rapid onset of symptoms, People whose symptoms do not improve within the first 3 to 6 months. […] Transverse myelitis usually only occurs once in most people. It may recur in some people with an underlying cause, such as MS. People who have involvement of only on one side of the spinal cord may be more likely to develop MS in the future.

• #53 Transverse Myelitis and MS | Multiple Sclerosis News TodayEnvelope icon

  https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/transverse-myelitis/

  The majority of people with TM will go on to make a recovery after the initial episode of spinal cord inflammation. Some do experience lingering health problems after an acute attack of transverse myelitis. […] About 5%–10% of people who experience an attack of transverse myelitis will go on to develop multiple sclerosis. In these patients, the initial bout of TM most likely represents a first onset of MS, which causes inflammation in the spinal cord that manifests as transverse myelitis. […] The likelihood of developing MS after a transverse myelitis episode generally is greater in people with partial TM, and in those who exhibit demyelinating lesions in the brain. […] Among patients with partial TM and evidence of brain lesions on MRI scans, about 80%–90% will develop clinically definite MS within a few years. In contrast, approximately 10%–33% of partial TM patients without brain lesions will go on to develop MS in the following five to 10 years.

• #54 Transverse myelitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1061

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a heterogeneous focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord characterised by acute or subacute development of motor weakness, sensory impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. […] TM causes motor weakness, a sensory impairment below the lesions, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. […] Clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord classify TM into acute partial or longitudinally extensive variants. […] For people with a characteristic brain MRI, the acute partial variant suggests a high future risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). […] For people with aquaporin-4-IgG auto-antibody seropositivity, the longitudinally extensive variant suggests a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. […] Therapy for acute symptoms includes intravenous corticosteroids or plasma exchange (plasmapheresis). […] Preventive therapies include immunomodulatory drugs for acute partial TM in patients at high risk for MS. […] Immunosuppressive therapies are used for longitudinally extensive TM in people at high risk for recurrent myelitis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

• #55 Transverse myelitis: Etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transverse-myelitis-etiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Acute transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare, acquired neuroimmune spinal cord disorder that can present with the rapid onset of weakness, sensory alterations, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. […] TM can occur as an independent entity, usually as a postinfectious complication, but TM also exists on a continuum of neuroinflammatory disorders that includes acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), multiple sclerosis, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM).

• #56 Transverse myelitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Muscle weakness: Loss of balance, Difficulty walking (stumbling or dragging your feet), Partial loss of function, which may develop into paralysis. […] Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, fever, and respiratory problems. Depression and anxiety can occur as a result of dealing with chronic pain and illness. […] The outlook for people with transverse myelitis varies. Most recovery occurs within 3 months after the condition occurs. For some, healing may take months to years. About a third of people with transverse myelitis recover completely. Some people recover with moderate disabilities, such as bowel problems and trouble walking. Others have permanent disability and need help with daily activities. […] Those who may have poor chance of recovery are: People who have rapid onset of symptoms, People whose symptoms do not improve within the first 3 to 6 months. […] Transverse myelitis usually only occurs once in most people. It may recur in some people with an underlying cause, such as MS. People who have involvement of only on one side of the spinal cord may be more likely to develop MS in the future.

• #57 Transverse myelitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1061

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a heterogeneous focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord characterised by acute or subacute development of motor weakness, sensory impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. […] TM causes motor weakness, a sensory impairment below the lesions, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. […] Clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord classify TM into acute partial or longitudinally extensive variants. […] For people with a characteristic brain MRI, the acute partial variant suggests a high future risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). […] For people with aquaporin-4-IgG auto-antibody seropositivity, the longitudinally extensive variant suggests a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. […] Therapy for acute symptoms includes intravenous corticosteroids or plasma exchange (plasmapheresis). […] Preventive therapies include immunomodulatory drugs for acute partial TM in patients at high risk for MS. […] Immunosuppressive therapies are used for longitudinally extensive TM in people at high risk for recurrent myelitis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

• #58 Transverse myelitis: Etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transverse-myelitis-etiology-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

  Acute transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare, acquired neuroimmune spinal cord disorder that can present with the rapid onset of weakness, sensory alterations, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. […] TM can occur as an independent entity, usually as a postinfectious complication, but TM also exists on a continuum of neuroinflammatory disorders that includes acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), multiple sclerosis, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM).

• #59 Transverse myelitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1061

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a heterogeneous focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord characterised by acute or subacute development of motor weakness, sensory impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. […] TM causes motor weakness, a sensory impairment below the lesions, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. […] Clinical characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord classify TM into acute partial or longitudinally extensive variants. […] For people with a characteristic brain MRI, the acute partial variant suggests a high future risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). […] For people with aquaporin-4-IgG auto-antibody seropositivity, the longitudinally extensive variant suggests a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. […] Therapy for acute symptoms includes intravenous corticosteroids or plasma exchange (plasmapheresis). […] Preventive therapies include immunomodulatory drugs for acute partial TM in patients at high risk for MS. […] Immunosuppressive therapies are used for longitudinally extensive TM in people at high risk for recurrent myelitis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

• #60 Transverse Myelitis – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/transverse-myelitis/

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord. It almost always begins after a child is sick with a viral infection. Damage to the spinal cord causes weakness, paralysis, numbness, problems with urination, and pain. […] Symptoms of TM can include: Weakness or numbness of one part of the body, Cramping or tingling of one part of the body, Tremor in one part of the body, Problems with urination or stooling (including accidents and difficulty peeing), Pain, Autonomic dysfunction (problems with breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure). […] Muscles made weak by TM may feel loose and floppy at first (flaccid). However, they can later become tight and difficult to move (spastic). […] Most recovery happens during the first 3-6 months after the disease starts. Physical therapy can be helpful with this recovery. Most people with TM will recover fully. Some will continue to have mild weakness or problems with sensation. Rarely, some people have severe lasting weakness or problems with urination after TM.

• #61 Transverse Myelitis – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/transverse-myelitis/

  Usually, TM occurs once and never happens again. If TM does happen more than once, it may mean that there is a problem with the immune system, like neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or multiple sclerosis (MS). A doctor may need to do more testing in this case. […] Children with TM may need physical therapy or occupational therapy. This can improve walking and movement. […] TM does not affect the way people think or communicate. However, an illness like this can be extremely stressful. Some children may need counseling or therapy during or after their illness.

• #62 Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM)

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/acute-transverse-myelitis

  The symptoms of ATM come on quickly and can include: Pain, Weakness, Numbness or tingling, Loss of bowel and bladder function. […] Weakness and numbness occur on both sides of the body, which is why it is called „transverse.” […] If the thoracic portion (middle) of your child’s spinal cord is affected, her legs will be affected, but her arms won’t. […] If the cervical portion (upper) of your child’s spinal cord is affected, both her arms and legs can be affected. In severe cases, breathing can be affected. […] Although the long-term prognosis for children with ATM varies, most children make a complete or nearly complete recovery, including those children with initially severe symptoms. […] For most children, recovery begins within days and continues for up to one year. Motor function usually improves faster than bowel and bladder function. […] Some patients can have residual symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or urinary problems.

• #63 Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM)

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/acute-transverse-myelitis

  The symptoms of ATM come on quickly and can include: Pain, Weakness, Numbness or tingling, Loss of bowel and bladder function. […] Weakness and numbness occur on both sides of the body, which is why it is called „transverse.” […] If the thoracic portion (middle) of your child’s spinal cord is affected, her legs will be affected, but her arms won’t. […] If the cervical portion (upper) of your child’s spinal cord is affected, both her arms and legs can be affected. In severe cases, breathing can be affected. […] Although the long-term prognosis for children with ATM varies, most children make a complete or nearly complete recovery, including those children with initially severe symptoms. […] For most children, recovery begins within days and continues for up to one year. Motor function usually improves faster than bowel and bladder function. […] Some patients can have residual symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or urinary problems.

• #64 Transverse Myelitis: A Serious and Dangerous Neurological Condition

  https://www.praram9.com/en/transverse-myelitis/

  Additionally, some patients may also experience inflammation of the optic nerve or brain, leading to visual impairments. […] Transverse myelitis is a severe condition that can lead to permanent disability or death if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Early recognition of warning signs such as radiating pain, numbness, or weakness is crucial. If these symptoms occur, it is important to consult a specialist immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment.

• #65 Transverse Myelitis: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment – Spine Info

  https://www.spineinfo.com/conditions/transverse-myelitis-definition-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord. The symptoms range from motor weakness and sensory changes to pain and loss of bladder control. […] The symptoms of transverse myelitis can vary widely from person to person and depend on the location and extent of the inflammation within the spinal cord. Common symptoms include: Motor Weakness: Individuals with transverse myelitis may experience weakness in their arms, legs, or both. This weakness can range from mild to severe and can affect a person’s ability to perform everyday activities. Sensory Disturbances: Changes in sensation, such as tingling, numbness, or a “pins and needles” sensation, can occur below the level of the inflammation. These sensations may affect the limbs, trunk, or other areas of the body. Pain: Pain is a significant symptom of transverse myelitis. The pain can be sharp, burning, or aching and may occur in the back, neck, or limbs. The pain can be severe and persistent, impacting an individual’s quality of life. Loss of Bladder and Bowel Control: Some individuals with transverse myelitis may experience difficulty with bladder and bowel function due to the disruption of nerve signals controlling these processes. Spasticity: Muscle stiffness and involuntary muscle contractions, known as spasticity, can occur. This can lead to muscle tightness and difficulty with coordination. Difficulty Walking: Due to weakness, sensory changes, and spasticity, walking and maintaining balance can become challenging for those affected by transverse myelitis. […] The prognosis of transverse myelitis varies based on factors such as the severity, cause, and promptness of treatment. While some individuals achieve complete recovery with prompt intervention, others experience partial recovery or residual symptoms.

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