Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Acute Treatments | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/acute-treatments/

  It is extremely important to begin treatments as soon as possible after a rare neuroimmune diagnosis. Treatment in the acute or early stages involves quieting down the immune system as quickly as possible, before damage is done. Time is critical. […] The acute therapies most frequently used to treat an inflammatory attack include: high dose intravenous steroids (methylprednisolone), Plasmapheresis (Plasma Exchange or PLEX), Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIG), and cyclophosphamide. […] Intravenous steroid treatment is the first line of therapy often used in acute TM. Corticosteroids have multiple mechanisms of action including anti-inflammatory activity, immunosuppressive properties, and antiproliferative actions. […] The standard of care includes intravenous methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg up to 1000 mg daily) or dexamethasone (120 to 200 mg daily for adults) for 3 to 5 days unless there are compelling reasons to avoid this therapy.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30525

  The standard of care and the first-line therapy for the treatment of TM is intravenous glucocorticoids. High-dose intravenous glucocorticoids should be initiated as soon as possible. There should not be a delay in treatment while waiting for test results. There are few contraindications to glucocorticoid therapy. Potential regimens would include methylprednisolone or dexamethasone for 3 to 5 days. Further duration of therapy should be directed as the clinical case progresses. Plasma exchange may be efficacious for acute central nervous system demyelinating disease, which fails to respond to glucocorticoid therapy. Additionally, as knowledge expands regarding TM, immunomodulatory therapy such as cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, or rituximab might benefit chronic recurrent TM or resistant acute TM. Treatment modalities that should also be utilized in the management of TM include pain management, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antivirals.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  The goals of treatment for transverse myelitis (TM) include: […] Treatment for TM involves acute (short-term) treatment of the inflammation and its cause and long-term management of the complications TM may have caused. […] The first-line treatment for transverse myelitis is IV (intravenous) glucocorticoids. If your healthcare provider suspects TM, they’ll start high-dose IV glucocorticoids as soon as possible. […] Glucocorticoids are powerful medicines that fight inflammation and work with your immune system. In the case of transverse myelitis, glucocorticoids help reduce the inflammation of your spinal cord. […] Additional treatments for TM may include: […] Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis): This therapy is a way to clean your blood. […] Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG): This therapy is made up of antibodies that can be delivered through a vein (intravenously).

• #1 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis is a relatively rare disease, and so there are no well-defined randomized trials of treatment for this disease. Most of what we know about treatment for TM comes from case studies or studies of groups of treated patients. […] In most cases, hospitalization is required for an attack of TM due to the severity of the disorder. At this time, intravenous methylprednisolone is the front-line treatment for an attack of TM. Usually, the drug is given over five to seven days, followed by a tapering dose of steroids. The aim of the treatment is to reduce swelling and irritation and speed recovery from the disease. […] Another approach to treating transverse myelitis is a process called plasmapheresis. The process seems to effectively remove antibodies by circulating blood through a machine, reducing immune system activity. […] If lupus or another disorder is causing the TM, treatment may take longer. In general, transverse myelitis that is not caused by another disorder is a one-time disease and does not require continuing treatment other than whatever rehabilitation is necessary for the best recovery possible.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Acute Treatments | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/acute-treatments/

  PLEX is often initiated in individuals with motor impairment or who show little clinical improvement after intravenous steroid treatment, but may also be initiated at first presentation for those with significant deficits. […] PLEX has been shown to be effective in adults with TM and other inflammatory disorders of the CNS. […] If there is continued progression despite intravenous steroid therapy and PLEX, pulse dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (8001200 mg/m2) is considered. […] Another option for treating acute inflammation is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). […] While most studies support the use of corticosteroids and/or PLEX in acute demyelinating syndromes, IVIG can be considered in certain circumstances. […] Consultation with a neuroimmunologist should strongly be considered when recurrence occurs, and immunosuppressive treatments may be recommended.

• #1 Spine Inflammation & Stem Cell Therapy for Transverse Myelitis

  https://stemcellthailand.org/therapies/transverse-myelitis/

  Systemic corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone or dexamethasone, can decrease inflammation and swelling in the spine or reduce immune system activity. These powerful medications can reduce the risk of future attacks. […] Plasmapheresis (Plasma exchange therapy) is often used for patients who dont respond well to corticosteroids. Plasma exchange therapy helps reduce abnormal immune system activity by first removing the fluid in which blood cells and antibodies are suspended (plasma) and replacing it with other liquids such as saline or albumin. […] For over 12 years, the Regeneration Center has been on the leading edge of functional healthcare and regenerative medical research to understand better how our immune system attacks the nerve cell fibers and myelin in patients diagnosed with autoimmune disorders.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Treatments are designed to address infections that may cause the disorder, reduce spinal cord inflammation, and manage and reduce symptoms. […] Some of the most common initial treatments for transverse myelitis are: […] Intravenous (IV) corticosteroid drugs may decrease swelling and inflammation in the spinal cord and reduce immune system activity. Such drugs may include methylprednisolone or dexamethasone. These medications may also help reduce the chance of a recurrence of transverse myelitis in people with underlying disorders. […] Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis) may be used for people who don’t respond well to IV steroids. Plasmapheresis is a procedure that reduces immune system activity by removing plasma (the fluid in which blood cells and antibodies are suspended) and replacing it with special fluids, thus removing the antibodies and other proteins thought to be causing the inflammatory reaction.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a treatment that can help to reset the immune system. IVIG is a highly concentrated injection of antibodies pooled from many healthy donors. It can bind to the antibodies that may cause transverse myelitis and remove them from circulation. […] Pain medicines to reduce muscle pain include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Nerve pain may be treated with certain antidepressant drugs (such as duloxetine), muscle relaxants (such as baclofen, tizanidine, or cyclobenzaprine), and anticonvulsant drugs (such as gabapentin or pregabalin). […] Antiviral medications may help people who have a viral infection of the spinal cord. […] Following initial therapy, it is critical to keep the person’s body functioning during the recovery period. In rare cases when breathing is significantly affected, the person may need a respirator to help them breathe, but this is usually temporary.

• #1 Transverse myelitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354730

  Several therapies target the acute signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis: […] Intravenous steroids. You’ll probably receive steroids through a vein in your arm over the course of several days. Steroids help reduce the inflammation in your spinal column. […] Plasma exchange therapy. People who don’t respond to intravenous steroids may need plasma exchange therapy. This involves removing the straw-colored fluid in which blood cells are suspended (plasma) and replacing the plasma with special fluids. It’s not certain how this therapy helps people with transverse myelitis, but it may be that plasma exchange removes inflammatory antibodies. […] Antiviral medication. Some people who have a viral infection of the spinal cord may be treated with medications to treat the virus. […] Pain medication. Chronic pain is a common complication of transverse myelitis. Medications that may lessen muscle pain include common pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve.) Nerve pain may be treated with antidepressant drugs, such as sertraline (Zoloft), and anticonvulsant drugs, such as gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise) or pregabalin (Lyrica).

• #1

  https://www.painscale.com/article/conventional-medical-treatments-for-transverse-myelitis

  If intravenous steroids or plasma exchange are not reducing inflammation, immune-based interventions may be needed. This may include cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapy drug. Since this is an aggressive treatment, an experienced oncology team will closely monitor due to possible complications that could occur. […] Intravenous immunoglobulin, or IVIG, involves an injection from healthy donors of antibodies. The healthy antibodies bind to the antibodies that are causing problems to remove them. […] Certain medications may be prescribed to treat the cause of transverse myelitis or to reduce symptoms. They include the following: Antiviral medications may be prescribed if TM appears to be caused by a virus. Other medications may be prescribed in order to treat symptoms associated with TM. These medications may include pain medications, medicine to treat bowel or bladder dysfunction, medication to relieve muscle spasms, or antidepressants.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis Information – MyMyelitis

  https://mymyelitis.com/transverse-myelitis/transverse-myelitis-information/

  Transverse Myelitis may be caused by underlying conditions such as MOG Antibody Disease, MO, and MS. In this case, preventative treatments may reduce the likelihood of another attack. One such treatment is IVIG: […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a treatment where antibodies from healthy donors are injected into the patient. The antibodies are made by the donor’s immune system and help regulate the patient’s immune responses. […] Healthcare providers may use antiviral medication when a viral infection is believed to have caused the Transverse Myelitis attack. […] A healthcare provider can use different medications to treat the various symptoms of Transverse Myelitis. A patient could use a ventilator to ensure the individual gets enough oxygen if breathing is affected. […] Rehabilitation therapy may be necessary for those with permanent disabilities caused by a TM attack. Rehabilitation can take several forms depending on the type of disability involved. In some cases, individuals may have to learn different ways of performing activities to overcome the disability. The therapy aims to increase the individual’s independence to create the greatest quality of life.

• #1 Transverse myelitis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/transverse-myelitis/

  Sometimes transverse myelitis requires no treatment as it will improve on its own. Sometimes patients may require treatment for their symptoms, the swelling, or the underlying cause. […] There are different treatments available for transverse myelitis symptoms. […] Physiotherapy can help improve strength, and the muscle spasms and stiffness that may sometimes develop. […] If your muscle spasms are more severe, you may be prescribed a medicine that can relax your muscles. This will usually be either baclofen, gabapentin or tizanidine. […] Mobility problems are often the result of muscle spasms and spasticity. Muscle weakness, or problems with balance can also cause mobility problems. […] If you have problems with mobility, your healthcare professional might suggest: an exercise programme supervised by a physiotherapist, mobility aids, such as a walking stick, or a wheelchair, home adaptations such as stair lifts or railings.

• #1 Transverse myelitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354730

  Medications to treat other complications. Your doctor may prescribe other medications as needed to treat problems such as muscle spasticity, urinary or bowel dysfunction, depression, or other complications associated with transverse myelitis. […] Medications to prevent recurrent attacks of transverse myelitis. People who have antibodies associated with neuromyelitis optica need ongoing medications, such as corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, to reduce their chances of more transverse myelitis attacks or developing optic neuritis.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Long-Term Care | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/long-term-care/

  After the acute phase, rehabilitative care to improve functional skills and prevent secondary complications of immobility involves both psychological and physical accommodations. […] It is important to begin occupational and physical therapies early during the course of recovery to prevent the inactivity-related problems of skin breakdown and soft tissue contractures that lead to a decreased range of motion. […] The long-term management of TM requires attention to a number of issues. […] Treatment options include timed voiding, medicines, external catheters for males (a catheter connected to a condom), padding for women, intermittent internal self-catheterization, an indwelling catheter or electrical stimulation. […] Treatment of sexual dysfunction should take into account baseline function before the onset of TM.

• #1 Transverse myelitis | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/transverse-myelitis/

  Sometimes your neurologist might offer treatment with steroids. This can help with some types of transverse myelitis. […] Medication might help if you have an overactive bladder or need to pee frequently during the night. […] It might be possible to treat mild to moderate constipation by changing your diet or taking laxatives. […] If you experience problems with less interest in sex or difficulty reaching orgasm, relationship counselling or seeing a sex therapist might help. […] A physiotherapist might be able to help with this pain by suggesting exercises or better seating positions. […] This type of pain can be treated using neuropathic painkillers. […] You may be offered other treatments depending on the cause of your transverse myelitis. Your neurologist will discuss your options with you.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Long-Term Care | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/long-term-care/

  The mainstays of treatment of erectile dysfunction in men are inhibitors of cGMP phosphodiesterase, type 5, which will allow most men with TM to achieve adequate erections for success in intercourse through a combination of reflex and/or psychogenic mechanisms. […] The key goal is to remain flexible with exercise, a daily stretching routine, and a bracing program with splints, as needed. […] The first step in treating pain effectively is obtaining an accurate diagnosis. […] Besides the treatments listed above, certain antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil), or anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, or gabapentin (Tegretol, Dilantin, Neurontin) may be helpful. […] An appropriate strengthening program and an aerobic conditioning regimen are recommended. […] Many of these obstacles can be mastered with training and specialized equipment. […] Occupational therapists are specialists in assessing equipment needs and helping people with limited function perform activities of daily living. […] Physical therapists assist with mobility.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  Medicines to suppress your immune system: Healthcare providers use medications such as rituximab and cyclophosphamide for people with TM who haven’t responded well to glucocorticoids, plasma exchange or IVIG therapy. […] After you’ve received treatment for the acute phase of transverse myelitis (TM), you’ll likely need rehabilitative care to improve functional skills and prevent secondary complications of TM. […] Long-term management of transverse myelitis may include: […] Pain management: Pain is common following TM. […] Psychological management: Depression is common in people with TM. It’s important to see a therapist or psychologist if you’re experiencing signs of depression or other mental health conditions. […] Yes, you can recover from transverse myelitis (TM), but recovery looks different for different people. […] Recovery from TM may be absent, partial or complete and generally begins within one to three months after initial treatment. Most people recover from transverse myelitis (TM) within three months after the condition happens.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Many forms of long-term rehabilitation are available for people who have disabilities resulting from transverse myelitis. Strength and functioning can improve even years after the initial episode. Although rehabilitation cannot reverse the physical damage resulting from transverse myelitis, it can help people, even those with severe paralysis, become as functionally independent as possible and attain the best possible quality of life. […] Physical therapy can help retain muscle strength and flexibility, improve coordination, reduce stiffness, regain bladder and bowel control, and increase joint movement. Physical therapists can also provide support and education around using assistive devices such as wheelchairs, canes, or braces. […] Occupational therapy teaches people new ways to maintain or rebuild their independence by participating in meaningful, self-directed, everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing, preparing meals, and house cleaning.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

  https://propelphysiotherapy.com/neurological/transverse-myelitis-symptoms-causes-and-treatments/

  Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological condition that can occur at any age. […] In this article, we examine the causes, signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis, and how physical therapy can help mitigate functional impairments resulting from this neurologic condition. […] Physical therapy can help mitigate functional impairments resulting from this neurologic condition. […] Medical management includes corticosteroid drugs to decrease swelling and inflammation, and plasma exchange therapy for those who are unresponsive to steroids. In addition, physical therapy can help to alleviate symptoms of the disease and restore functional independence. […] Physical therapy treatment focuses on addressing the main impairments that result from the disease, such as decreased strength, flexibility and coordination. It is essential that patients begin physical therapy treatment early on in their recovery process to prevent secondary complications. […] Physical therapy has been shown to improve functional mobility and independence on a variety of objective measures in patients with transverse myelitis.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Vocational therapy helps people develop and improve work skills, identify potential employers, and assist in job searches. Vocational therapists act as mediators between employees and employers to secure reasonable workplace accommodations. […] Psychotherapy, counseling, or talk therapy for people living with permanent damage includes strategies and tools to deal with stress and a wide range of emotions and behaviors.

• #1 Transverse myelitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1061

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a heterogeneous focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord characterised by acute or subacute development of motor weakness, sensory impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. […] Therapy for acute symptoms includes intravenous corticosteroids or plasma exchange (plasmapheresis). […] Preventive therapies include immunomodulatory drugs for acute partial TM in patients at high risk for MS. […] Immunosuppressive therapies are used for longitudinally extensive TM in people at high risk for recurrent myelitis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/transverse-myelitis/

  The outcomes of TM are extremely variable. Predictions of recovery are difficult. Some people affected with TM experience good or full recovery. Others have a fair recovery and are left with deficits which might include a spastic gait, sensory dysfunction, and urinary urgency or incontinence. The remaining individuals will require assistance such as using a wheelchair for mobility and perhaps with dependence on others for basic functions of daily living.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30525

  While TM cannot be prevented, patient education helps understand the prognosis, disease course, diagnostic workup, and treatment options. Counseling on the risks and benefits of high-dose steroids is very important. Education of the natural course of the disease that approximately one-third have a full recovery, one-third have a partial recovery, and another third have permanent disabilities is very important. It is also important to educate that the disease is often a monophasic illness and that the disease does not recur unless it is secondary to a chronic comorbid condition. Steroids and immunosuppression are the only potential treatments for acute TM, but there is potential for monoclonal antibody drugs that might alter the disease course. Recovery from the disease requires intensive physical therapy and occupational therapy to maximize good outcomes.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/transverse-myelitis/

  As with many disorders of the spinal cord, treatment of transverse myelitis is aimed at symptom reduction. A cure for TM has yet to be discovered. […] Therapy generally begins when the patient first experiences symptoms. Treatment is guided by the symptoms and results of testing. Those diagnosed with TM may have different treatments depending on individual symptoms. […] Steroids are mainly prescribed during the first few weeks of illness to decrease inflammation even though the effectiveness is unclear. Some who don’t respond to steroids may undergo plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) might be provided to boost the immune system. Other medications are provided to help control pain and secondary symptoms. The goal is to keep the body functioning, while waiting for complete or partial spontaneous recovery of the nervous system.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/transverse-myelitis/

  Recovery from transverse myelitis usually begins within two to 12 weeks of the onset of symptoms. The nervous system will continue to attempt recovery throughout a person’s lifetime. However, if there is no improvement within several months, significant recovery is a slower process. […] People with acute symptoms, such as paralysis, are most often treated in a hospital followed by care in a rehabilitation facility provided by a team of specialized professionals. Physical and occupational therapy is started almost immediately to help improve muscle strength, coordination, and range of motion. Neurological recovery occurs with activity which is integrated into care at the level of function of the patient. […] As with all chronic illness, psychological support may be needed to improve mental health. Long term illnesses with unpredictable outcomes can be mentally fatiguing for both the individual and family. Vocational therapy can assist in return to the workplace.

• #1 Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM)

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/acute-transverse-myelitis

  Some children will be placed on a steroid called prednisone for a short period of time. Your child may also be prescribed a medication to prevent stomach irritation. If your child is experiencing pain, a pain management plan will be developed. […] After discharge from the hospital, some children go to a rehabilitation hospital to work on things like strength and balance. Some children go home and work with a physical therapist. It is important to follow up with the neurologist in the outpatient clinic. The neurologist will check your child’s neurological examination, and will also perform a follow-up. […] Steroid treatment can reduce some symptoms and stop new symptoms from developing. […] Although the long-term prognosis for children with ATM varies, most children make a complete or nearly complete recovery, including those children with initially severe symptoms. […] For most children, recovery begins within days and continues for up to one year. Motor function usually improves faster than bowel and bladder function.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis Clinic at Northwestern Memorial Hospital | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/neurosciences/transverse-myelitis-clinic-at-northwestern-memorial-hospital

  Northwestern Medicine provides world-class, comprehensive care for the full range of injuries and diseases of the brain and spine, including transverse myelitis. […] Experts at the Northwestern Medicine Transverse Myelitis Clinic specialize in the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of transverse myelitis, a rare inflammatory condition that affects the spinal cord. […] Your care team will work with you to create a treatment plan designed to meet your needs. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying condition may help prevent recurrence of transverse myelitis. It may also reduce the risk of other neurological issues. In the acute stage of inflammation, patients typically receive intravenous steroids and may or may not need a second line therapy such as plasma exchange (plasmapheresis) or intravenous immunoglobulins infusions (IVIG). Some cases may require the use of other immunosuppressive treatments such as rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. […] Northwestern Medicine expert care teams use a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to make sure patients’ unique treatment needs are met.

• #1 Transverse myelitis: When inflammation damages the spinal cord ‘wiring’ | Back and Spine | Brain | Rehabilitation | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/transverse-myelitis-treatment/

  Identifying surgical candidates requires a team of specialists who can pool their knowledge to identify which nerves could potentially be reconstructed or replaced, and which donor nerves might offer the best chance for good outcomes. […] Patients in our TM rehabilitation program get the full support of a team of specialists who work closely with our neurologists. […] UT Southwestern researchers play a major role in informing our care plans with the latest TM advancements.

• #1 UAB opens the third clinic in the world for patients with transverse myelitis – Multiple Sclerosis Center

  https://www.uab.edu/mscenter/about/news/uab-opens-the-third-clinic-in-the-world-for-patients-with-transverse-myelitis

  The clinic offers immediate access to a number of rehabilitation specialists, such as physical, occupational and speech therapists, orthotic specialists, and many others. […] Those patients require a multifaceted approach, and the comprehensive nature of our clinic creates a synergy among the diverse branches of medicine involved, leading to outstanding medical care. […] The UAB TM clinic provides one-stop shopping, so each patient can see all the medical professionals who have a role in their care at one time and in one place. […] This is only the third clinic of its kind in the world, and the combination of outstanding patient care with UABs robust research efforts gives me hope that new therapies, or even a cure, can someday be found. […] We will employ advanced imaging techniques and novel approaches in epigenetic research on immune cells to further our understanding of transverse myelitis. This information will help facilitate our pre-clinical studies in animal models to develop future clinical therapies.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis | Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute | Condition | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/conditions-treatments/transverse-myelitis/

  UT Southwestern specialists provide individualized, multidisciplinary treatment plans to maximize each persons abilities and minimize disabilities. A patients care team might include: […] Acute therapy for TM includes high doses of corticosteroids and, in some patients, plasma exchange therapy. Other interventions are considered on an individual basis. Beyond the anti-inflammatory therapies for TM, rehabilitation is essential to recovery. […] The goal of treatment is to ensure that all active inflammation is extinguished and then focus on recovery and symptom management. The UT Southwestern team also works to ensure that a complete workup for potential causes of TM has been completed. In addition to finding the best medicine for each individual, we also empower patients by treating symptoms of TM with medications, nutrition, exercises, and assistive devices. […] Personalized treatment plans help patients sustain and improve functionality over the course of their illness, enable them to participate in more activities, and provide hope for their futures.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis: Treatment, Procedure, Cost, Recovery, Side Effects And More

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/transverse-myelitis

  The permanence of treatment results for Transverse Myelitis can vary greatly depending on the individual and the underlying cause of the condition. […] Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can improve the chances of a full recovery and reduce the risk of long-term complications. […] It’s important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that takes into account the individual’s specific needs and goals. […] Transverse Myelitis is a condition that affects the spinal cord and can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, weakness, and numbness. […] In the majority of cases, those who have been given a transverse myelitis diagnosis and are exhibiting symptoms are advised to seek treatment. […] Working with a healthcare professional to choose the best course of action for your particular requirements is crucial.

• #1 Transverse Myelitis: Treatment, Procedure, Cost, Recovery, Side Effects And More

  https://www.lybrate.com/topic/transverse-myelitis

  Massage therapy can help relieve muscle tension and improve circulation, which can help manage pain and other symptoms associated with Transverse Myelitis. […] The ideal course of action for your particular demands will depend on you as an individual, thus it’s crucial to keep in mind that the most successful treatment strategy will vary depending on the patient. […] Recovery from Transverse Myelitis can vary greatly depending on the severity of the condition and the individual. […] Early diagnosis and treatment raises the chances of a full recovery for Transverse Myelitis patients. […] With prompt and appropriate treatment, many individuals are able to return to their normal activities and resume their daily routines. […] Many patients with transverse myelitis can fully recover with the right care and therapy.

• #1 Transverse myelitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354726

  Transverse myelitis interrupts the messages that the spinal cord nerves send throughout the body. This can cause pain, muscle weakness, paralysis, sensory problems, or bladder and bowel dysfunction. […] Treatment for transverse myelitis includes medications and rehabilitative therapy. Most people with transverse myelitis recover at least partially. Those with severe attacks sometimes are left with major disabilities.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Treatments are designed to address infections that may cause the disorder, reduce spinal cord inflammation, and manage and reduce symptoms. […] Some of the most common initial treatments for transverse myelitis are: […] Intravenous (IV) corticosteroid drugs may decrease swelling and inflammation in the spinal cord and reduce immune system activity. Such drugs may include methylprednisolone or dexamethasone. These medications may also help reduce the chance of a recurrence of transverse myelitis in people with underlying disorders. […] Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis) may be used for people who don’t respond well to IV steroids. Plasmapheresis is a procedure that reduces immune system activity by removing plasma (the fluid in which blood cells and antibodies are suspended) and replacing it with special fluids, thus removing the antibodies and other proteins thought to be causing the inflammatory reaction.

• #2 Transverse myelitis: Treatment and prognosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/transverse-myelitis-treatment-and-prognosis

  Transverse myelitis: Treatment and prognosis […] Initial therapy of idiopathic TM — Acute attacks of idiopathic TM are typically treated with a short course of high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids, with or without plasma exchange (PLEX). […] TM without motor impairment — We suggest high-dose intravenous glucocorticoid treatment for patients with acute idiopathic TM. Glucocorticoid treatment should be started as soon as possible; there are few contraindications. Thus, a clinician does not need to wait for the workup to be complete before starting therapy.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/transverse-myelitis/

  Treatment begins with intensive surveillance for acute life-threatening respiratory and autonomic complications. […] High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (1000 mg/d for 3-5 days) […] Plasma exchange or IV immunoglobulin may be offered as second-line treatment to steroid unresponsive patients. […] TM is associated with NMO spectrum disorders, immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, azathioprine or rituximab have been considered for maintenance therapy of chronic disease or first and second-line treatment resistant disease. […] An intensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation program at an inpatient rehabilitation unit has been associated with neurological and functional recovery in patients with TM. […] Coordination of care includes a rehabilitation team including physical therapy, occupational therapy, care management, social work, rehabilitation nursing, neurology, physiatry, the patient, and family. […] The patient and family must be well-versed in this new life-changing event. Emphasizing the importance of prevention of secondary complications is paramount and coordinated efforts that promote education will help with understanding and coping.

• #2 Transverse myelitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354730

  Several therapies target the acute signs and symptoms of transverse myelitis: […] Intravenous steroids. You’ll probably receive steroids through a vein in your arm over the course of several days. Steroids help reduce the inflammation in your spinal column. […] Plasma exchange therapy. People who don’t respond to intravenous steroids may need plasma exchange therapy. This involves removing the straw-colored fluid in which blood cells are suspended (plasma) and replacing the plasma with special fluids. It’s not certain how this therapy helps people with transverse myelitis, but it may be that plasma exchange removes inflammatory antibodies. […] Antiviral medication. Some people who have a viral infection of the spinal cord may be treated with medications to treat the virus. […] Pain medication. Chronic pain is a common complication of transverse myelitis. Medications that may lessen muscle pain include common pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve.) Nerve pain may be treated with antidepressant drugs, such as sertraline (Zoloft), and anticonvulsant drugs, such as gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise) or pregabalin (Lyrica).

• #2 Transverse myelitis: When inflammation damages the spinal cord ‘wiring’ | Back and Spine | Brain | Rehabilitation | UT Southwestern Medical Center

  https://utswmed.org/medblog/transverse-myelitis-treatment/

  High doses of steroid medications such as dexamethasone or methylprednisolone are given through an IV, but can be oral, over a few days, to reduce swelling in the spinal cord. […] TPE has dramatically improved care in patients, including children. […] Today, many more pediatric patients with TM get TPE. […] In some patients, suppressing the immune response can stop or slow inflammation enough to contain or halt spinal cord damage. […] Patients with neuromyelitis optica, for example, may benefit from medications more commonly used to treat some cancers, autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, lupus; or help prevent organ rejection in patients who have had transplants. […] In some cases, nerve damage from inflammation can be reversed or improved with specialized surgery.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/brain-institute/transverse-myelitis

  Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): With this treatment, you receive a concentrated injection of antibodies in plasma from healthy donors. The new antibodies disable antibodies in your body that may be causing the problem. […] Other medications: Your doctors may suggest pain medicines, muscle relaxants or antidepressants to ease other symptoms. […] Rehabilitation therapy: We offer rehabilitation experts who are specially trained in treating patients with nerve disorders. Options include: […] Physical therapy to help retain muscle strength and improve coordination. […] Occupational therapy to help people with paralysis become as fully functional as possible. […] Psychotherapy to cope with stress, depression and other emotions that may arise from a disabling condition. […] Pain management: The OHSU Comprehensive Pain Center offers treatment for short- and long-term pain. Our team can also help you address the physical, mental and behavioral issues that can result from ongoing pain.

• #2 Spine Inflammation & Stem Cell Therapy for Transverse Myelitis

  https://stemcellthailand.org/therapies/transverse-myelitis/

  Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological impairment caused by inflammation in both sides of the spinal cord, resulting in damage to the myelin sheath, an insulating material covering nerve cell fibers. […] Recovery from TM can be slow, but with early intervention and modern regenerative medicine, patients can recover from transverse myelitis with little to no lingering symptoms. […] Traditional treatment options for transverse myelitis depend on the patients age, severity, or underlying cause. Traditional treatment options are designed to target the infection itself, reduce inflammation in the spinal cord, and manage or alleviate symptoms such as pain. Traditional management for TM and its many complications include: […] Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) medications can reset the immune system. IVIG is a concentrated injection of antibodies from healthy donors that can bind to the antibodies causing the disorder and remove them from circulation in the body.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30525

  The standard of care and the first-line therapy for the treatment of TM is intravenous glucocorticoids. High-dose intravenous glucocorticoids should be initiated as soon as possible. There should not be a delay in treatment while waiting for test results. There are few contraindications to glucocorticoid therapy. Potential regimens would include methylprednisolone or dexamethasone for 3 to 5 days. Further duration of therapy should be directed as the clinical case progresses. Plasma exchange may be efficacious for acute central nervous system demyelinating disease, which fails to respond to glucocorticoid therapy. Additionally, as knowledge expands regarding TM, immunomodulatory therapy such as cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, or rituximab might benefit chronic recurrent TM or resistant acute TM. Treatment modalities that should also be utilized in the management of TM include pain management, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antivirals.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/brain-institute/transverse-myelitis

  Anti-inflammatory medications: Taking medications to reduce inflammation is usually the first treatment. Patients often have a course of IV corticosteroids followed by oral steroids. […] Plasma exchange therapy (PLEX): This treatment is an option for people who don’t respond well to corticosteroids. In PLEX, the liquid part of your blood (plasma) is separated from your blood cells and replaced with artificial plasma. This removes the substances, such as harmful antibodies or proteins, that may cause inflammation. […] Immunosuppression medications: If inflammation persists, you may receive a chemotherapy drug called cyclophosphamide or other medications. These can change the way your immune system reacts to transverse myelitis. Your doctor will closely watch for potential complications.

• #2 Transverse myelitis – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transverse-myelitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354730

  Medications to treat other complications. Your doctor may prescribe other medications as needed to treat problems such as muscle spasticity, urinary or bowel dysfunction, depression, or other complications associated with transverse myelitis. […] Medications to prevent recurrent attacks of transverse myelitis. People who have antibodies associated with neuromyelitis optica need ongoing medications, such as corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, to reduce their chances of more transverse myelitis attacks or developing optic neuritis.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a treatment that can help to reset the immune system. IVIG is a highly concentrated injection of antibodies pooled from many healthy donors. It can bind to the antibodies that may cause transverse myelitis and remove them from circulation. […] Pain medicines to reduce muscle pain include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen. Nerve pain may be treated with certain antidepressant drugs (such as duloxetine), muscle relaxants (such as baclofen, tizanidine, or cyclobenzaprine), and anticonvulsant drugs (such as gabapentin or pregabalin). […] Antiviral medications may help people who have a viral infection of the spinal cord. […] Following initial therapy, it is critical to keep the person’s body functioning during the recovery period. In rare cases when breathing is significantly affected, the person may need a respirator to help them breathe, but this is usually temporary.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Long-Term Care | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/long-term-care/

  After the acute phase, rehabilitative care to improve functional skills and prevent secondary complications of immobility involves both psychological and physical accommodations. […] It is important to begin occupational and physical therapies early during the course of recovery to prevent the inactivity-related problems of skin breakdown and soft tissue contractures that lead to a decreased range of motion. […] The long-term management of TM requires attention to a number of issues. […] Treatment options include timed voiding, medicines, external catheters for males (a catheter connected to a condom), padding for women, intermittent internal self-catheterization, an indwelling catheter or electrical stimulation. […] Treatment of sexual dysfunction should take into account baseline function before the onset of TM.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/transverse-myelitis-facts

  Antiviral medications […] Youll take them if your doctor thinks a virus is causing your illness. […] Management of urinary function […] Treatments to help control your bladder may include: […] Timed peeing […] Medicines […] Condom catheters (external catheter) […] Clean intermittent urinary catheterization […] Padded underwear […] A catheter left in the bladder […] Sexual dysfunction treatments […] Sexual dysfunction treatment may help improve symptoms such as difficulty getting an erection in people assigned male at birth and improve sexual function for people assigned female at birth. They include: […] Lubricants […] Sildenafil (Viagra) […] Tadalafil (Cialis) […] Vardenafil (Levitra) […] Over-the-counter pain medicines […] Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen can all help.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Long-Term Care | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/long-term-care/

  The mainstays of treatment of erectile dysfunction in men are inhibitors of cGMP phosphodiesterase, type 5, which will allow most men with TM to achieve adequate erections for success in intercourse through a combination of reflex and/or psychogenic mechanisms. […] The key goal is to remain flexible with exercise, a daily stretching routine, and a bracing program with splints, as needed. […] The first step in treating pain effectively is obtaining an accurate diagnosis. […] Besides the treatments listed above, certain antidepressants such as amitriptyline (Elavil), or anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, or gabapentin (Tegretol, Dilantin, Neurontin) may be helpful. […] An appropriate strengthening program and an aerobic conditioning regimen are recommended. […] Many of these obstacles can be mastered with training and specialized equipment. […] Occupational therapists are specialists in assessing equipment needs and helping people with limited function perform activities of daily living. […] Physical therapists assist with mobility.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis (TM): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8980-transverse-myelitis

  Medicines to suppress your immune system: Healthcare providers use medications such as rituximab and cyclophosphamide for people with TM who haven’t responded well to glucocorticoids, plasma exchange or IVIG therapy. […] After you’ve received treatment for the acute phase of transverse myelitis (TM), you’ll likely need rehabilitative care to improve functional skills and prevent secondary complications of TM. […] Long-term management of transverse myelitis may include: […] Pain management: Pain is common following TM. […] Psychological management: Depression is common in people with TM. It’s important to see a therapist or psychologist if you’re experiencing signs of depression or other mental health conditions. […] Yes, you can recover from transverse myelitis (TM), but recovery looks different for different people. […] Recovery from TM may be absent, partial or complete and generally begins within one to three months after initial treatment. Most people recover from transverse myelitis (TM) within three months after the condition happens.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transverse-myelitis

  Many forms of long-term rehabilitation are available for people who have disabilities resulting from transverse myelitis. Strength and functioning can improve even years after the initial episode. Although rehabilitation cannot reverse the physical damage resulting from transverse myelitis, it can help people, even those with severe paralysis, become as functionally independent as possible and attain the best possible quality of life. […] Physical therapy can help retain muscle strength and flexibility, improve coordination, reduce stiffness, regain bladder and bowel control, and increase joint movement. Physical therapists can also provide support and education around using assistive devices such as wheelchairs, canes, or braces. […] Occupational therapy teaches people new ways to maintain or rebuild their independence by participating in meaningful, self-directed, everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing, preparing meals, and house cleaning.

• #2 Transverse myelitis

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/t/transverse-myelitis/

  Additional therapies focus on long-term recovery and care: Physical therapy. This helps improve strength and coordination. Your physical therapist can teach you how to use any needed assistive devices, such as a wheelchair, canes or braces. […] Occupational therapy. This helps people with transverse myelitis learn new ways of performing day-to-day activities, such as bathing, preparing a meal and housecleaning. […] Psychotherapy. A psychotherapist can use talk therapy to treat anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, and other emotional or behavioral issues from coping with transverse myelitis.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis Information – MyMyelitis

  https://mymyelitis.com/transverse-myelitis/transverse-myelitis-information/

  Physical therapy focuses on increasing/retaining strength, coordination, and ability to use muscles affected by TM. Treatment can include techniques to control the bladder and bowels and how to use compensating devices such as canes and wheelchairs. […] Occupational therapy concentrates on increasing or maintaining an individual’s independence after a TM attack. This therapy will focus on improving a patient’s ability to perform everyday tasks. […] Vocational therapy involves helping individuals find or retain their positions of employment. This therapy can also include improving an individual’s skills, searching for potential employers, and helping with job searches. […] Psychotherapy involves managing the mental effects of being diagnosed and living with Transverse Myelitis. This therapy could include stress, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, and other emotions and behaviors.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/transverse-myelitis-facts

  Psychotherapy […] Psychotherapy or talk therapy will help you manage the mental effects of anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, and other emotional or behavioral issues. […] Vocational therapy […] Vocational therapy can help you find a job that suits your abilities or work with your employer to make necessary changes.

• #2 Transverse myelitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1061

  Transverse myelitis (TM) is a heterogeneous focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord characterised by acute or subacute development of motor weakness, sensory impairment, and autonomic dysfunction. […] Therapy for acute symptoms includes intravenous corticosteroids or plasma exchange (plasmapheresis). […] Preventive therapies include immunomodulatory drugs for acute partial TM in patients at high risk for MS. […] Immunosuppressive therapies are used for longitudinally extensive TM in people at high risk for recurrent myelitis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

• #2 Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM)

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/acute-transverse-myelitis

  Some children will be placed on a steroid called prednisone for a short period of time. Your child may also be prescribed a medication to prevent stomach irritation. If your child is experiencing pain, a pain management plan will be developed. […] After discharge from the hospital, some children go to a rehabilitation hospital to work on things like strength and balance. Some children go home and work with a physical therapist. It is important to follow up with the neurologist in the outpatient clinic. The neurologist will check your child’s neurological examination, and will also perform a follow-up. […] Steroid treatment can reduce some symptoms and stop new symptoms from developing. […] Although the long-term prognosis for children with ATM varies, most children make a complete or nearly complete recovery, including those children with initially severe symptoms. […] For most children, recovery begins within days and continues for up to one year. Motor function usually improves faster than bowel and bladder function.

• #2 Transverse myelitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_myelitis

  Corticosteroids are often given in high doses when symptoms begin with the hope that the degree of inflammation and swelling of the spinal cord will be lessened, but whether this is truly effective is still debated. […] One treatment option includes plasmapheresis. […] If treated early, some people experience a complete or near complete recovery. Recovery from TM is variable between individuals and also depends on the underlying cause. Some patients begin to recover between weeks 2 and 12 following onset and may continue to improve for up to two years. Other patients may never show signs of recovery.

• #2 UAB opens the third clinic in the world for patients with transverse myelitis – Multiple Sclerosis Center

  https://www.uab.edu/mscenter/about/news/uab-opens-the-third-clinic-in-the-world-for-patients-with-transverse-myelitis

  The clinic offers immediate access to a number of rehabilitation specialists, such as physical, occupational and speech therapists, orthotic specialists, and many others. […] Those patients require a multifaceted approach, and the comprehensive nature of our clinic creates a synergy among the diverse branches of medicine involved, leading to outstanding medical care. […] The UAB TM clinic provides one-stop shopping, so each patient can see all the medical professionals who have a role in their care at one time and in one place. […] This is only the third clinic of its kind in the world, and the combination of outstanding patient care with UABs robust research efforts gives me hope that new therapies, or even a cure, can someday be found. […] We will employ advanced imaging techniques and novel approaches in epigenetic research on immune cells to further our understanding of transverse myelitis. This information will help facilitate our pre-clinical studies in animal models to develop future clinical therapies.

• #2 UAB opens the third clinic in the world for patients with transverse myelitis – Multiple Sclerosis Center

  https://www.uab.edu/mscenter/about/news/uab-opens-the-third-clinic-in-the-world-for-patients-with-transverse-myelitis

  UAB opens the third clinic in the world for patients with transverse myelitis. Mike Jezdimir knows firsthand how hard it is to get appropriate medical treatment for his condition, a disease of the spinal cord called transverse myelitis. Treatment options are limited. […] There were only two comprehensive clinics in the world for TM until the University of Alabama at Birmingham recently opened the third multidisciplinary, comprehensive clinic for transverse myelitis at UABs Spain Rehabilitation Center. […] The clinic will combine physicians and other medical professionals from multiple disciplines, including physical medicine and rehabilitation, neurology, neurosurgery, urology, and pain management, in caring for patients with TM, which can cause loss of motor function or paralysis. […] The mission of our multidisciplinary clinic is to provide the best care possible to patients living with transverse myelitis.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis (TM) | Acute Treatments | SRNA

  https://wearesrna.org/living-with-myelitis/disease-information/transverse-myelitis/acute-treatments/

  It is extremely important to begin treatments as soon as possible after a rare neuroimmune diagnosis. Treatment in the acute or early stages involves quieting down the immune system as quickly as possible, before damage is done. Time is critical. […] The acute therapies most frequently used to treat an inflammatory attack include: high dose intravenous steroids (methylprednisolone), Plasmapheresis (Plasma Exchange or PLEX), Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIG), and cyclophosphamide. […] Intravenous steroid treatment is the first line of therapy often used in acute TM. Corticosteroids have multiple mechanisms of action including anti-inflammatory activity, immunosuppressive properties, and antiproliferative actions. […] The standard of care includes intravenous methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg up to 1000 mg daily) or dexamethasone (120 to 200 mg daily for adults) for 3 to 5 days unless there are compelling reasons to avoid this therapy.

• #2 Transverse Myelitis | Living With Paralysis | Reeve Foundation

  https://www.christopherreeve.org/todays-care/living-with-paralysis/health/causes-of-paralysis/transverse-myelitis/

  Recovery from transverse myelitis usually begins within two to 12 weeks of the onset of symptoms. The nervous system will continue to attempt recovery throughout a person’s lifetime. However, if there is no improvement within several months, significant recovery is a slower process. […] People with acute symptoms, such as paralysis, are most often treated in a hospital followed by care in a rehabilitation facility provided by a team of specialized professionals. Physical and occupational therapy is started almost immediately to help improve muscle strength, coordination, and range of motion. Neurological recovery occurs with activity which is integrated into care at the level of function of the patient. […] As with all chronic illness, psychological support may be needed to improve mental health. Long term illnesses with unpredictable outcomes can be mentally fatiguing for both the individual and family. Vocational therapy can assist in return to the workplace.

• #2 Transverse myelitis: Symptoms, treatment, causes, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/transverse-myelitis

  Individuals with acute symptoms, such as paralysis, often receive treatment in a hospital. They can then have treatment at a rehabilitation facility. […] Physical and occupational therapy should begin immediately to help the individual improve their muscle strength, coordination, and range of motion. Additionally, a person may benefit from psychological therapy to support their mental health. […] Doctors believe that infections and immune system disorders can trigger the condition. At present, there is no cure, but treatments can improve symptoms.

• #2 What is Transverse Myelitis | Baptist Health

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/care-services/conditions-treatments/transverse-myelitis

  Transverse myelitis treatment depends on your specific symptoms, health, and the underlying cause of your disorder. […] Possible treatment options: […] Antiviral medication This medication helps treat viral infections on your spinal cord. […] Plasma exchange therapy In this therapy, doctors remove existing plasma and replace it with other fluids. […] Pain medications These medications help reduce chronic pain that often results from transverse myelitis. […] Intravenous steroids Steroids treat inflammation of your spinal cord. […] Preventive medications These medications help reduce or prevent future inflammation of your spinal cord. […] Other medications Your doctor may ask you to take medications to treat symptoms of transverse myelitis such as bladder issues or depression. […] Transverse myelitis prognosis depends on your health, the severity of your symptoms, and the underlying conditions. However, most people with the condition achieve partial recovery within the first year of treatment. Transverse myelitis recovery time varies, but many people experience most of their recovery within the first three months of treatment.

Zobacz więcej