Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Thoracic aortic aneurysm – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350188

  A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a weakened area in the upper part of the body’s main artery, called the aorta. […] Thoracic aortic aneurysms often grow slowly. There are usually no symptoms. That makes them hard to find. Many start small and stay small. Others get bigger over time. How quickly a thoracic aortic aneurysm may grow is hard to predict. […] As a thoracic aortic aneurysm grows, symptoms may include: Back pain. Cough. Weak, scratchy voice. Shortness of breath. Tenderness or pain in the chest. […] Symptoms that a thoracic aortic aneurysm has ruptured or caused a tear called an aortic dissection include: Sharp, sudden pain in the upper back that spreads down the body. Pain in the chest, jaw, neck or arms. Trouble breathing. Low blood pressure. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Trouble swallowing. […] Most people with thoracic aortic aneurysms don’t have symptoms until an aortic dissection or rupture occurs. An aortic dissection or aneurysm rupture is a medical emergency. Call 911 or your local emergency number for immediate help.

• #2 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17552-aorta-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm

  A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a bulge in the part of your aorta that runs through your chest. It forms when your aorta wall grows weak from plaque, connective tissue disorders or other factors. You may feel no symptoms until the aneurysm causes a medical emergency. […] Thoracic aortic aneurysms often go unnoticed because people rarely feel symptoms. Possible warning signs include: Pain in your jaw, neck, chest or upper back. Trouble swallowing or pain with swallowing (if the aneurysm presses on your esophagus). Hoarseness (if the aneurysm presses on nerves that affect your voice box). Coughing or trouble breathing (if the aneurysm presses on your trachea). […] Many people have no symptoms until the aneurysm ruptures (bursts) or dissects (tears). Thoracic aortic aneurysm ruptures and dissections are medical emergencies. Their symptoms usually start abruptly and are severe. Seek care immediately if you have: Sudden, severe pain in your chest or back. Some people describe it as a tearing, stabbing or ripping feeling. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Shortness of breath. Fast heart rate. Heavy sweating. Confusion. Trouble speaking. Vision loss. Weakness or paralysis on one side of your body. […] A thoracic aortic aneurysm is a serious medical condition. Possible complications include: Aneurysm rupture. Aortic dissection. Blood clots that form at the aneurysm site and travel elsewhere in your body (thromboembolism). Such clots can cause a stroke or mesenteric ischemia.

• #3 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) Symptoms | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/blood-heart-circulation/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm/symptoms.html

  Most people with thoracic aortic aneurysms don’t have symptoms. But symptoms may occur if the aneurysm gets bigger and puts pressure on surrounding organs. […] Symptoms are most evident when the aneurysm occurs where the aorta curves down (aortic arch). They may include: Chest pain, generally described as deep and aching or throbbing. This is the most common symptom. […] If an aortic aneurysm bursts, or ruptures, there is sudden, severe pain, an extreme drop in blood pressure, and signs of shock. Without immediate treatment, it can quickly lead to death.

• #4 Thoracic aortic aneurysm

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4973118/

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms may expand slowly over time without causing any symptoms. […] If they become large enough, they may occasionally cause pain in the chest or back, and may exert pressure on nearby structures of the upper airway, causing cough, hoarseness of voice or shortness of breath. […] If the aneurysm ruptures or causes a dissection within the aortic wall, individuals typically experience a sudden onset of severe, tearing chest pain, which may spread to the neck, jaw or back. […] Individuals may also experience sudden difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness and signs of stroke, such as weakness and paralysis on one side of the body.

• #5 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms – Cardiovascular Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/thoracic-aortic-aneurysms

  Most thoracic aortic aneurysms do not cause symptoms, although some patients have chest or back pain; other symptoms and signs are usually the result of complications (eg, dissection, compression of adjacent structures, thromboembolism, rupture). […] Most thoracic aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic until complications (eg, thromboembolism, rupture, aortic regurgitation, dissection) develop. However, compression of adjacent structures can cause back pain (due to compression of vertebra), cough or wheezing (due to compression of the tracheobronchial tree), dysphagia (due to esophageal compression), hoarseness (due to left recurrent laryngeal or vagus nerve compression), chest pain (due to coronary artery compression), and superior vena cava syndrome (due to compression of the central veins or superior vena cava).

• #6 Aortic Aneurysm: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16742-aorta-aortic-aneurysm

  In many cases, people dont know they have an aortic aneurysm. An aneurysm often doesnt cause any symptoms until it ruptures (bursts). […] If an aneurysm ruptures, its a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Call 911 if you or someone you are with has a ruptured aneurysm. […] Symptoms of a ruptured aneurysm come on suddenly and can include: Dizziness or lightheadedness. Rapid heart rate. Sudden, severe chest pain, abdominal pain or back pain. […] Finding an aortic aneurysm before it ruptures offers your best chance of recovery. As an aortic aneurysm grows, you might notice symptoms including: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. Feeling full even after a small meal. Pain wherever the aneurysm is growing (could be in your neck, back, chest or abdomen). Painful or difficult swallowing. Swelling of your arms, neck or face.

• #7 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair | CTVS Central Texas – CTVS Texas

  https://ctvstexas.com/about-ctvs/our-services/cardiac-services/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-repair/

  It is estimated that about 15,000 people a year in the United States suffer from TAA, but most of those patients experience no symptoms at all. There are no specific symptoms for TAA, but some patients with advanced cases may experience pain in the jaw, neck, upper back, chest or lower back, as well as coughing, hoarseness or difficulty breathing. […] As a result of the lack of symptoms, many such aneurysms are diagnosed in an advanced state. Many TAAs are discovered by accident when the patient has a physical examination or, for some other reason, undergoes tests such as an x-ray, ultrasound, CT scan or MRI.

• #8 Thoracic aortic aneurysm – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms are often small and will grow slowly. Most of the time there are no symptoms which makes them hard to find. It can be difficult for doctors to know how quickly a thoracic aortic aneurysm may grow. […] As a thoracic aortic aneurysm grows, symptoms may include: back pain, cough, weak, scratchy voice, shortness of breath, tenderness or pain in the chest. […] If a thoracic aortic aneurysm bursts, symptoms may include: sharp, sudden pain in the upper back that spreads downward, pain in the chest, jaw, neck or arms, difficulty breathing, very low blood pressure, shortness of breath, trouble swallowing, loss of consciousness. […] If you experience any of these symptoms you or someone else should call 999 immediately. Depending on its size and growth, an aortic aneurysm may never burst or lead to a tear. However, if you have symptoms, it is very important to get medical help. As the aortic wall enlarges, there is risk of the wall tearing, which can cause life-threatening bleeding, requiring emergency surgery.

• #9 Thoracic Aorta Aneurysm – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554567/

  Each year the ascending aortic aneurysm increases in size by 1 mm while the descending aortic aneurysm grows up to 3 mm. […] As the size of the aorta reaches 6 cm, its distensibility declines, and it becomes a rigid tube where increased pressure results in increased stress on the aortic wall. […] Surgery should be planned for all symptomatic patients and asymptomatic patients with an increased size aneurysm. Among the patients who undergo elective surgical correction for TAA, the 5-year survival is 85%, while those who undergo emergency surgery have a 5-year survival of 37%. […] Aortic dissection and rupture can happen as a result of an enlarging aortic aneurysm. […] The chance of rupture is 34% when the ascending aortic aneurysm reaches 6 cm.

• #9 Thoracic Aorta Aneurysm – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554567/

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms require a prompt diagnosis as most patients are asymptomatic until dissection or rupture of the aorta occurs, leading to worsened patient morbidity and mortality. […] Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) rarely manifest with symptoms, and about 95% of the patients are asymptomatic. […] These aneurysms can lead to catastrophic complications, including aortic dissection or rupture, and are hence termed silent killers. […] Almost all patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic. Patients can report chest pain. If this pain radiates to the back with severe hypotension, it may be an alarming feature for dissection. […] In rare instances, ascending or root aneurysms can present with signs of heart failure due to rupture in the right atrium or superior vena cava (SVC) or with hemoptysis due to bleeding in the lung.

• #10 Aneurysms of the ascending thoracic aorta

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-7/Aneurysms-of-the-ascending-thoracic-aorta

  The average annual growth of ascending aortic aneurysms is 14 mm. However, this rate is greater in patients with Marfans syndrome or with bicuspid valves. Larger aneurysms also grow at a faster rate. Other factors that contribute to accelerated dilatation are smoking, high blood pressure, renal failure, male sex, fibrocalcific changes in the aortic valve, and left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. When the aorta reaches 6 cm in size, reported yearly rates of rupture, dissection, and death are 3.6%, 3.7%, and 10.8%, respectively.

• #11 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | Vascular Center | UC Davis Health

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/vascular/diseases/thoracic_aortic_aneurysm.html

  Most patients do not experience symptoms of a thoracic aortic aneurysm until it begins to leak, expand or rupture. […] When symptoms do appear, the location of the aneurysm will determine the kind of symptoms that are experienced by the patient. […] Symptoms of an ascending thoracic aneurysm may include: Pain in the chest, neck and/or back, Swelling of the head, neck and arms, Heart failure caused by blood backing up into the heart. […] Symptoms of an aortic arch aneurysm or a descending thoracic aneurysm may include: Pain in the chest and/or back, Wheezing, coughing or shortness of breath due to pressure on the trachea, or windpipe, Coughing up blood, Hoarseness due to pressure on the nerves to the vocal chords, Difficulty swallowing due to pressure on the esophagus.

• #12 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Clinical Presentation: History and Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424904-clinical

  Most patients with TAAs are often asymptomatic. […] Their most common presenting symptom is pain. Pain may be acute, implying impending rupture or dissection, or chronic, from compression or distention. […] The location of the pain may indicate the area of aortic involvement, but this is not always the case. […] Large ascending aortic aneurysms may cause superior vena cava obstruction manifesting as distended neck veins. […] Ascending aortic aneurysms also may develop aortic insufficiency, with widened pulse pressure or a diastolic murmur, and heart failure. […] Arch aneurysms may cause hoarseness, which results from stretching of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. […] Descending TAAs and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) may compress the trachea or bronchus and cause dyspnea, stridor, wheezing, or cough.

• #13 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Clinical Presentation: History and Physical Examination, Complications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/424904-clinical

  Compression of the esophagus results in dysphagia. […] Erosion into surrounding structures may result in hemoptysis, hematemesis, or GI bleeding. […] Erosion into the spine may cause back pain or instability. […] Spinal cord compression or thrombosis of spinal arteries may result in neurologic symptoms of paraparesis or paraplegia. […] Descending thoracic aneurysms may thrombose or embolize clot and atheromatous debris distally to visceral, renal, or lower extremities. […] The most common complications of TAAs are acute rupture and dissection. […] Some patients present with tender or painful nonruptured aneurysms.

• #14 Symptoms and signs of Aortic Aneurysms

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/aortic-aneurysm/symptoms-and-signs

  Most instances of aortic aneurysm are asymptomatic, which means that their appearance and growth do not cause the patient any discomfort. […] Although uncommon, people with aortic aneurysms sometimes notice pain, usually in the lumbar region (in the case of abdominal aortic aneurysms) or between the shoulder blades (in thoracic aortic aneurysms). […] Chronic cough and difficulty or discomfort when breathing or swallowing. In thoracic aortic aneurysms due to pressure on the respiratory or digestive tract. […] Hoarseness or loss of voice. This is also linked to thoracic aneurysms which compress nerves involved in speech. […] Coughing up blood, bleeding from the mouth or bloody faeces (very dark stools). This occurs if the aneurysm forms an ulcer and communicates with the respiratory or digestive tracts. […] Slow, progressive weight loss, fever or low-grade fever. These signs are usually observed in aneurysms caused by infections or in a special subtype called inflammatory aneurysms.

• #15 Aortic Arch Aneurysm Symptoms & Treatment | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/aortic-arch-aneurysm

  Most people will not have symptoms unless there is a rupture, at which point you may experience: […] Before rupturing, an aortic arch aneurysm may cause:

• #16 Descending Aortic Aneurysm | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/descending-aortic-aneurysm

  Descending aortic aneurysms often have no symptoms. Some possible aneurysm symptoms are: Dull chest pain, back pain, or abdominal pain […] Symptoms of a dissected or ruptured descending aortic aneurysm include: Sharp chest pain, back pain, or abdominal pain […] If left untreated, a descending aortic aneurysm can continue to grow, potentially leading to serious and life-threatening complications such as rupture, dissection, and compression of nearby structures.

• #17 Thoracic aortic aneurysm: Optimal surveillance and treatment | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/87/9/557

  Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta is less common than in the abdominal aorta, but it is clinically important because of the risk of rupture and death. […] Most cases of TAA are asymptomatic and are discovered either incidentally on imaging or as part of dedicated screening for those at risk. That said, possible symptoms include chest, abdominal, or back pain, dyspnea, cough, dysphagia, hoarseness, claudication, and cerebrovascular events. […] There are no effective preventive strategies for TAA to date; thus, early detection, surveillance, and treatment are critical to improving outcomes. […] TAA size is the strongest predictor of acute aortic syndromes. […] TAAs grow by 0.7 to 1.9 mm per year in undilated aortas, but growth can be faster in patients with a dilated aorta or associated conditions. […] An early follow-up scan (6 months after initial TAA diagnosis) is recommended to assess for growth of the aneurysm in patients who have genetic conditions, and annually thereafter if measurements have been stable or more frequently if there is accelerated growth.

• #18 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm & Aortic Dissection | Marfan Foundation

  https://marfan.org/conditions/familial-aortic-aneurysm/

  A thoracic aortic aneurysm is an enlargement of the aorta (the main blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body) in the thoracic cavity or the chest area. This condition is fairly common in the general population, but about 20 percent of the cases are caused by a genetic condition. […] Early detection, frequent imaging, and treatment are critical because both aortic aneurysms and dissections increase the risk that the aorta will suddenly burst (rupture), causing massive internal bleeding. Without surgery to prevent aortic rupture, these blood vessel abnormalities can be life-threatening. […] Aortic enlargement (dilatation/aneurysm) is generally the main feature of this condition. Aortic dissection is a sudden tear of the inner wall of the aorta that allows blood to flow between the aortas inner and outer walls. This causes chest and/or back pain and can lead to aortic rupture. People may develop aneurysms or aortic dissections at any time in their lives. This condition can be inherited and, even within the same family, the occurrence and timing of these problems can vary.

• #19 Thoracic aortic aneurysm – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_aortic_aneurysm

  A thoracic aortic aneurysm is the „ballooning” of the upper aspect of the aorta, above the diaphragm. Untreated or unrecognized they can be fatal due to dissection or „popping” of the aneurysm leading to nearly instant death. […] The principal causes of death due to thoracic aneurysmal disease are dissection and rupture. Once rupture occurs, the mortality rate is 5080%. […] The diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm usually involves patients in their 60s and 70s. […] Hypertension and cigarette smoking are the most important risk factors, though the importance of genetic factors has been increasingly recognized. […] A thoracic aorta greater than 4.5 cm is generally defined as aneurysmal, while a size greater than 5.5 cm is the distinction for treatment, which can be either endovascular or surgical.

• #20 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms – Clinical Features – Management – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/vascular/arterial/thoracic-aorta-aneurysm/

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms grow at a mean rate of 1-2mm/year. This rate is higher in those with Marfans syndrome, descending aneurysms (compared to ascending aneurysms), and a dissected aneurysm (compared to a non-dissected). […] The annual risk of rupture or dissection is 2% when the aneurysm is 5cm, 3% for 5-5.9cm, and 7% for those 6cm or above.

• #21 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms – Cardiovascular Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/thoracic-aortic-aneurysms

  Dissection manifests with tearing chest pain, often radiating to the back between the shoulder blades. […] Ruptured TAA that is not immediately fatal manifests with severe chest or back pain and hypotension or shock. Exsanguination due to rupture most commonly occurs into the pleural or pericardial space. […] Thoracic abdominal aneurysms enlarge an average of 3 to 5 mm/year. Risk factors for rapid enlargement include larger size of aneurysm, location in the descending aorta, and presence of mural thrombi. […] The risk of rupture appears to rise abruptly as TAAs reach 6 cm in diameter. Median diameter at aneurysm rupture is approximately 6 cm for ascending aneurysms and 7 cm for descending aneurysms; smaller aneurysms also may rupture, especially in patients with connective tissue disorders or saccular aneurysms. […] Survival rate of patients with untreated large TAAs is 25% at 2 years. TAA rupture has a mortality of 97%.

• #22 Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection — Knowledge Hub

  https://www.genomicseducation.hee.nhs.uk/genotes/knowledge-hub/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-and-dissection/

  Most patients with aortic aneurysm are asymptomatic; however, chest or back pain in the setting of a known aortic aneurysm is a cause for concern and should be investigated. […] Rarely, large aneurysms might compress thoracic structures and cause, for example, dysphagia, hoarseness or dyspnoea. […] Aortic dissection is the most serious complication of thoracic aortic disease. It involves a tear in the intima (the inner layer of the aortic wall), which allows blood to track into and disrupt the media, predisposing to aortic rupture, malperfusion of organs and pericardial tamponade. All of these can be life-threatening. […] Typical symptoms of acute aortic dissection include the sudden onset of severe (often described as a tearing or ripping) pain in the chest, neck, back and/or abdomen, or presentation with collapse or stroke.

• #23 Aortic dissection – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369496

  A thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs when a weak spot in the wall of the aorta begins to bulge, as shown on the left image. […] Symptoms of aortic dissection may mimic those of other diseases, often leading to delays in diagnosis. However, when an aortic dissection is detected early and treated promptly, the chance of survival greatly improves. […] Aortic dissection symptoms may be similar to those of other heart problems, such as a heart attack. Typical signs and symptoms include: Sudden severe chest or upper back pain, often described as a tearing or ripping sensation, that spreads to the neck or down the back. Sudden severe stomach pain. Loss of consciousness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms similar to those of a stroke, including sudden vision problems, difficulty speaking, and weakness or loss of movement (paralysis) on one side of your body. Weak pulse in one arm or thigh compared with the other. Leg pain. Difficulty walking. […] If you have severe chest pain, fainting, sudden shortness of breath or symptoms of a stroke, call 911 or your local emergency number. These signs and symptoms aren’t always due to a serious problem, but it’s best to be seen by a doctor quickly. Early detection and treatment may help save your life.

• #24 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/thoracic-aortic-aneurysms

  Most TAAs are asymptomatic (about 95%). They may only be diagnosed incidentally, or if complicated by dissection, rupture, or other complications. Possible presentations are: […] Pain – located in the chest, neck, upper back, mid-back or epigastrium – the site may relate to which section of aorta is involved: […] Acute or increasing pain suggests expansion, with the risk of impending rupture or dissection. […] Acute aortic dissection presents with sudden onset, very severe, tearing or sharp pain which is maximal at the time of onset (in contrast to the more dull, crescendo pain of myocardial infarction). […] Severe, sharp pain in the chest, neck or back. The pain may migrate as the dissection progresses. […] Acute pain – in the chest, neck or back. […] Collapse, shock or sudden death. […] When rupture occurs, patients mostly die within six hours. Although about half arrive alive at the hospital, the overall mortality from ruptured TAAs is up to 97%.

• #25 Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-and-dissection/

  Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (familial TAAD) involves problems with the aorta, which is the large blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Familial TAAD affects the upper part of the aorta, near the heart. […] Aortic aneurysms usually have no symptoms. However, depending on the size, growth rate, and location of these abnormalities, they can cause pain in the jaw, neck, chest, or back; swelling in the arms, neck, or head; difficult or painful swallowing; hoarseness; shortness of breath; wheezing; a chronic cough; or coughing up blood. Aortic dissections usually cause severe, sudden chest or back pain, and may also result in unusually pale skin (pallor), a very faint pulse, numbness or tingling (paresthesias) in one or more limbs, or paralysis.

• #25 Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/familial-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-and-dissection/

  The occurrence and timing of these aortic abnormalities vary, even within the same affected family. They can begin in childhood or not occur until late in life. Aortic dilatation is generally the first feature of familial TAAD to develop, although in some affected individuals dissection occurs with little or no aortic dilatation.

• #26 Aortic Aneurysm: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-aortic-aneurysm

  You might not know you have an aortic aneurysm because symptoms often dont show up until it becomes large, or bursts. As it grows, signs of an aortic aneurysm can include: […] If the aneurysm ruptures, serious symptoms will come on quickly. You might have: […] If you have chest pain, you may immediately think it is a heart attack. But while the feeling of a heart attack may start as mild discomfort and get worse, pain from a ruptured aortic aneurysm is intense and comes on quickly. It can be described as a ripping, stabbing, or tearing feeling.

• #27 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm

  A thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by an abnormal bulge in your body’s main artery. TAAs are usually symptom-free until they rupture, but early detection can prevent severe complications. […] TAAs often develop without causing any symptoms until they rupture. Only about 5% of people have symptoms. […] When symptoms do appear, they may include: difficulty swallowing or hoarseness, pain in your chest or back, cough, shortness of breath. […] If left untreated, the aneurysm can lead to a tear in the inner layer of your aorta, which is called an aortic dissection. They can also lead to a full aortic rupture. […] An aortic dissection or rupture is a life-threatening medical emergency. It’s critical to get medical attention if you develop any symptoms of a potential rupture such as: sudden severe pain that may spread to your neck, jaw, or back, loss of consciousness, weakness, paralysis on one side, sudden trouble breathing. […] If a TAA ruptures, it’s fatal in more than 90% of people. More than 22% of people die before reaching the hospital. […] Treating a TAA early before it requires emergency surgery gives you the best chance of having a positive outcome.

• #28 Symptoms of Aortic Aneurysm | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/heart-and-vascular/conditions-and-treatments/aortic-aneurysm/symptoms

  An thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs in the aorta above the level of the diaphragm. If you have an aneurysm and any of the symptoms below, it may mean that the aneurysm is enlarging or about to rupture: Severe chest or back pain; Sweating; Dizziness; Hoarse voice; Rapid breathing; Difficulty swallowing; Feeling cold and clammy; Feeling like your heart is racing. […] A ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening emergency, and you should call 911.

• #29 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Sydney | Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Sydney

  https://www.sydneyvascularsurgery.com.au/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm.html

  Sometimes there are no symptoms. Many start small and stay small, although they sometimes expand over time. […] However, if the aneurysm does become symptomatic, indicating the aneurysm is growing, the signs can include: Tenderness or pain in the chest, Back pain, Hoarseness, Cough, Shortness of breath. […] The following symptoms could mean that the AAA is expanding quickly and may rupture. You must go directly for emergency department if you experience them: Sudden, intense and persistent chest or back pain, which can be described as a tearing sensation, Pain that radiates through the torso, Sweatiness, Clamminess, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Low blood pressure, Fast pulse. […] Some TAAs are small and remain small, not presenting an immediate threat of rupture. Others can bulge to a larger size, and/or quickly, causing higher risk of rupture.

• #30 Before a Burst: What You Need to Know About Aortic Aneurysms | St. Luke’s Health | St. Luke’s Health

  https://www.stlukeshealth.org/resources/burst-what-you-need-know-about-aortic-aneurysms

  Symptoms of a thoracic aortic aneurysm include painful swallowing and shortness of breath. […] When an aneurysm bursts, you might experience lightheadedness, dizziness, sharp pain in the chest, back, or abdomen, decreasing blood pressure, loss of breath, or loss of consciousness.

• #31 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Causes, Symptoms (Orange County)

  https://www.hoag.org/specialties-services/heart-vascular/specialty-programs/aortic-program/conditions/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm/

  In many cases, thoracic aortic aneurysms have no noticeable symptoms. Often, the first sign that a person has a thoracic aortic aneurysm is a fatal aneurysm rupture or aortic dissection. […] In some cases, however, thoracic aortic aneurysms do cause symptoms as they grow. These symptoms may include: A recurring cough, Wheezing when you breathe, Trouble swallowing, A hoarse or raspy voice due to pressure on the esophagus, Unexplained back pain, or pain in the jaw or neck, Shortness of breath, Chest pain or discomfort. […] Symptoms of a ruptured thoracic aneurysm or dissected thoracic aorta may include: Sudden, severe back pain that may spread to the arms, neck, jaw or chest, Difficulty breathing, Low blood pressure, Severe shortness of breath that may lead to fainting or unconsciousness.

• #32 19 Aortic Aneurysm Symptoms, 7 Causes, Treatment, Survival Rate & Surgery

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/aortic_aneurysm/article_em.htm

  A major reason for most of the above symptoms is the loss of blood from the leaking aneurysm. If the bleeding is uncontrolled, the person’s blood pressure will drop dangerously low. Organs will not receive enough blood to function normally. This is called circulatory collapse, or just „shock.” This is a life-threatening condition. […] In an estimated 20% of people with aortic aneurysm, the first sign or symptom of an unrecognized abdominal aortic aneurysm is a rupture that leads to sudden death from massive blood loss.

• #33 Signs and Symptoms

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/aortic-aneurysm/signs-and-symptoms

  Most people with aortic aneurysms do not show signs or feel an aortic aneurysm. Usually, the aneurysms are found when exams or tests, such as a CT scan or echocardiogram, are done for other reasons. […] In the rare cases people do report symptoms, the issues are often related to the aneurysm pushing against: Windpipe (trachea) causing trouble breathing, wheezing coughing or recurrent pneumonia; Nerve to the vocal cord (laryngeal nerve) causing a hoarse voice; Esophagus making it difficult to swallow. […] The symptoms may occur once in a while or stay constant. Belly, chest or back pain is less common but may indicate an emergency. The feared result is a tear in the aortic wall (dissection) or rupture, which can cause severe pain, internal bleeding and can lead quickly to death. […] Other problems can occur when clots form because of the abnormal blood flow in the bulge of the aneurysm. These clots can break off and travel to the brain (causing a stroke) or to other organs in the belly, arms or legs.

• #34 Thoracic aortic aneurysm | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm?lang=us

  Thoracic aneurysms are often incidental findings on chest imaging. They may present symptomatically if large enough to cause mass effect on the airway, esophagus or pulmonary vasculature. Alternatively, they may present due to a complication, including rupture, dissection, aorto-bronchial or aorto-esophageal fistulae. […] The majority of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms either die of a direct complication of the aneurysm (i.e. rupture) or other cardiovascular complications. The main predictors of rupture are the size and speed of growth. The average growth of a thoracic aneurysm appears to be lower than that of abdominal aneurysms, typically in the order of 1-2 mm/year, and correlates with a better prognosis for thoracic aneurysms when controlled for size.

• #35 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | Tampa General Hospital

  https://www.tgh.org/institutes-and-services/conditions/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm

  A thoracic aortic aneurysm can affect heart function by placing excess strain on the heart muscle, forcing it to work harder to pump blood through the damaged vessel. […] Over time, the weakened part of the aorta can stretch, widen and grow, disrupting blood flow to vital organs and tissues and possibly causing life-threatening internal bleeding. […] If left untreated, a thoracic aortic aneurysm can also rupture or tear, potentially leading to heart failure or other serious complications. […] Although many thoracic aortic aneurysms develop silently, start small and stay small, symptoms may become apparent as an aneurysm grows and begins to exert pressure on nearby structures. Possible warning signs include: […] A common sign of a thoracic aortic aneurysm is aching or throbbing pain felt deep in the chest or back, which may radiate downward.

• #36 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms, even those that are large, frequently do not cause symptoms. Some individuals, however, may experience symptoms such as: […] Pain in the chest area […] Back pain […] Coughing or hoarseness […] Shortness of breath/difficulty breathing.

• #37 Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm

  Most patients with TAA have no symptoms. Aneurysms that produce symptoms are typically very large and are at an increased risk for rupture, which is associated with high mortality rates. When symptoms do occur, patients can present with chest or upper back pain or with symptoms related to compression of surrounding structures leading to nerve dysfunction or arterial compression causing ischemia or thromboembolism. […] Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) represents approximately one-third of aortic aneurysm admissions, with the remainder related to abdominal aortic disease. The prevalence of TAAs is lower than the reported prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), but unlike AAA, which appears to be decreasing, the incidence of TAA is increasing. Enlargement of the thoracic aorta is an increasingly recognized condition that is diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies performed to evaluate unrelated conditions.

• #38 23 year old terrified I have a TAA | Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection | Forums

  https://patient.info/forums/discuss/23-year-old-terrified-i-have-a-taa-709502

  Hi everyone. I am a 23 year old with a history of high blood pressure that I take losartan 25 mg for. The pain has gotten worse. I constantly have pain and a pressure feeling in my left upper back that sometimes radiates to my chest. It also radiates to my shoulder and arm. The pain does not go away ever. It is pretty much always there but gets worse if I tense my back or move a certain way. My heartbeat has been recently going through periods where it feels like it beats really hard. This has been going on more and more often. Now multiple times throughout each day. It seems to get worse with meals or when I lie down. I am terrified that I have a thoracic aortic aneurysm. […] Aneurysms don’t usually have symptoms. […] I also didn’t have any symptoms until it happened. […] I had no symptoms attributable to this whatsoever.

• #39 23 year old terrified I have a TAA | Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection | Forums

  https://patient.info/forums/discuss/23-year-old-terrified-i-have-a-taa-709502

  I stress I had no symptoms, discomfort or pain at all. […] I had no symptoms with my ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm until it dissected. My aneurysm was discovered when I had a CT scan with contrast for another issue. It was then monitored with an ultrasound. As far as I know most aneurysms don’t have many symptoms if any so I would think that your pain and anxiety is caused by something else.

• #40 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/aortic_aneurysm/comments/1dp8a2x/recently_diagnosed/

  Has anyone experienced symptoms as dilation increases? I am still symptom free […] I experienced no symptoms, the only reason I was referred to a Cardiologist was because the tech put the leads on wrong when I went in for a physical.

• #41 Thoracic aortic aneurysm | ABC Medical Center

  https://centromedicoabc.com/en/digital-magazine/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm/

  There are generally no symptoms and this type of pathology is found incidentally. […] Sometimes they can cause hoarseness or difficulty swallowing. […] Very rarely pain.

• #42 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm

  Unfortunately, most aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic. That is, they do not cause any symptoms until the aneurysm ruptures. However, many aneurysms are discovered by accident while a patient is being evaluated with a CT scan (computerized tomography) or MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging) for another medical problem. […] An abdominal aortic aneurysm that is rapidly expanding may cause abdominal, flank, or chest pain. On rare occasions, a pulsatile mass may be felt in the abdomen when there is an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Popliteal aneurysms may result in calf discomfort, claudication (discomfort with walking) or a pulsatile mass felt behind the knee.

• #43 Facts about Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

  https://www.medtronic.com/me-en/your-health/conditions/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm.html

  Most people with a thoracic aortic aneurysm do not have any symptoms. Often, the aneurysms grow slowly and go unnoticed. Many never reach the point of bursting; others enlarge quickly. […] When the aneurysm expands, you may notice chest pain, lower back pain, coughing, hoarseness, or difficulty breathing. Most aneurysms are identified during routine medical exams, such as x-rays taken for other reasons.

• #44 Aneurysms of the ascending thoracic aorta

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-7/Aneurysms-of-the-ascending-thoracic-aorta

  Dilatation of the ascending aorta beyond the critical limit of 50 mm is associated with a significant risk of aortic dissection or rupture in the absence of surgical treatment. […] Aortic aneurysms carry a risk of acute aortic dissection or rupture in the absence of surgical treatment. […] Most aneurysms have a long latent period before clinical symptoms appear. Diagnosis is thus established incidentally in many cases during an imaging examination on the chest (chest XR, echocardiography etc.). Symptoms from compression of adjacent structures can be the presenting feature: chronic chest pain, cough, dysphagia can result from pressure on the sternum, trachea or oesophagus respectively. However in 75% of patients, the first presentation is with acute sudden severe tearing chest pain. This is highly suggestive of imminent rupture or aortic dissection and requests urgent medical care.

• #45 Understanding Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://www.hey.nhs.uk/patient-leaflet/understanding-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm/

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms often have no symptoms, but they may cause pain in the jaw, neck, chest, or back. Rarely, an aneurysm may cause a persistent cough, hoarseness, or difficulty breathing. […] Over time, the weakened area may expand further and eventually rupture, leading to a life-threatening condition known as aortic dissection. […] Diagnosis of a thoracic aortic aneurysm is vital, especially if there is a family history of the condition, so that we can aim to prevent aortic dissection. […] Early detection and treatment of an aneurysm through screening can significantly improve long-term outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.

• #45 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm & Aortic Dissection | Marfan Foundation

  https://marfan.org/conditions/familial-aortic-aneurysm/

  Surgery is most effective if it is done before an aortic dissection or other life-threatening situation. Surgery is considered when: The rate of enlargement of the ascending aorta approaches 0.5 cm per year; The diameter of the ascending aorta is between 4.2 and 5.0 cm (depending on the underlying mutation or family history).

• #46 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm & Aortic Dissection | Marfan Foundation

  https://marfan.org/conditions/familial-aortic-aneurysm/

  A diagnosis of familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection is made when there is a positive family history of aneurysm and dissection. […] Aortic aneurysms are diagnosed using imaging techniques such as echocardiography (sound wave picture), computed tomography (CT or CAT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), chest x-ray, or angiography. Aortic dissections can be diagnosed through computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) or transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). […] The management of familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection requires the coordinated input from a multidisciplinary team of specialists familiar with this condition, including a medical geneticist, cardiologist, and cardiovascular surgeon. […] People with familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection must have routine tests to monitor their aortic health and identify problems before there is an emergency.

• #47 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (Part 1)

  https://practicingclinicians.com/the-exchange/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-part-1-

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are located above the diaphragm, may involve one or more aortic segments (aortic root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending aorta), and are classified accordingly. […] The natural history of TAA is one of progressive expansion, the rate of which depends upon the location of the aneurysm and its underlying cause. […] Although most TAAs produce no symptoms, patients who become symptomatic or have complications related to the aneurysm (eg, acute aortic regurgitation, dissection, aortic rupture) should undergo repair. […] We should always keep in mind that TAA is a possible diagnosis even in the young population. Although it is not frequent, assessing risk factors and high-risk clinical features for this condition should be done promptly in a patient complaining of acute chest or abdominal pain in order to conduct an appropriate evaluation, because of the fatalities associated with TAA if it is not treated quickly. […] In the second part of this segment, which will be released later this week, I will go over the most common symptoms and those that are commonly missed.

• #48 Ascending Aortic & Arch Aneurysm Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/ascending-aortic-arch-aneurysm

  Most people with ascending aortic and aortic arch aneurysms do not have any symptoms. Some may experience: […] Dull, vague chest pain. […] Shortness of breath. […] Hoarseness. […] Dry cough. […] Aortic aneurysms can cause life-threatening bleeding if they rupture. If you experience symptoms of an aortic rupture, you should dial 911. […] Your prognosis with ascending aortic or aortic arch aneurysm depends on the size and extent of your aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm rupture, for example, is a serious, life-threatening condition with a low survival rate. However, if your aneurysm has not ruptured, your doctor may be able to provide surgical treatment that reduces the risk of aortic rupture. […] Aneurysms in the ascending aorta and aortic arch usually require immediate surgery. If the aneurysm has not ruptured, your vascular surgeon may recommend surgery or implanting a stent to help reduce the chance of rupture. […] Surgical treatment for aortic aneurysms can reduce the chances of a life-threatening aortic rupture. However, you may need to take precautions such as avoiding heavy lifting or strenuous activity to further reduce your risk.

• #49 Symptoms of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/centers-services/cardiovascular-surgery/surgery-repair-aneurysm-aorta/symptoms-thoracic-aortic

  Most aneurysms are silent no symptoms are evident. […] While symptoms of an aortic aneurysm generally arent noticeable, a person may experience pain in the jaw, chest, and upper back, or have swallowing and breathing difficulties, due to the aneurysms effect on neighboring nerves and blood vessels. […] Symptoms of a ruptured aortic aneurysm include pain, low blood pressure, lightheadedness, and a rapid heart rate. Emergency surgery is critical to survival.

• #50 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/diseases-of-the-aorta-and-its-branches/thoracic-aortic-aneurysms

  Thoracic aortic aneurysms may not cause symptoms, or they may cause pain, coughing, and wheezing. […] Typical symptoms are pain (usually high in the back), coughing, and wheezing. Rarely, a person coughs up blood because of pressure on or erosion of the windpipe (trachea) or nearby airways. Swallowing may be difficult if an aneurysm puts pressure on the esophagus, which carries food to the stomach. Hoarseness may result from pressure on the nerve to the voice box (larynx). […] When a thoracic aortic aneurysm ruptures, excruciating pain usually begins high in the back. It may radiate down the back and into the abdomen as the rupture progresses. The pain may also be felt in the chest and arms, as it is during a heart attack. A person can quickly go into shock and die because of internal bleeding.

• #51

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular/conditions/aortic-aneurysm

  An aortic aneurysm can develop slowly at first and you may not have any symptoms. But if the bulge gets large enough, it can press on nearby organs or block blood flow and quickly become life threatening. Contact your doctor immediately as early detection and treatment can help save your life. […] With a thoracic aortic aneurysm, you may have: Sharp, sudden pain in your back, chest, jaw or neck, Unexplained coughing or hoarseness, Difficulty breathing or feeling faint. […] If the aortic aneurysm bursts, you need immediate, emergency care. Signs of a rupture include: Sudden, severe chest pain, Loss of consciousness or shock.

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