Samotny guz włóknisty
Etiologia i przyczyny

Samotny guz włóknisty (SFT) to rzadki nowotwór mezenchymalny, którego patogeneza opiera się głównie na charakterystycznej fuzji genów NAB2-STAT6 zlokalizowanych w regionie 12q13. Fuzja ta prowadzi do powstania białka fuzyjnego aktywującego czynnik transkrypcyjny EGR1, co skutkuje nadekspresją genów takich jak IGF2 i FGFR1, promujących proliferację komórek i onkogenezę. Immunohistochemicznie SFT wykazuje ekspresję markerów CD34, CD99, wimentyny, BCL-2 oraz rozproszoną jądrową ekspresję STAT6, która stanowi czuły i specyficzny marker diagnostyczny. W diagnostyce różnicowej istotne jest odróżnienie SFT od innych nowotworów wrzecionowatokomórkowych, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę, że 5-10% klasycznych SFT może być ujemnych dla CD34. Czynniki ryzyka rozwoju SFT obejmują wiek (najczęściej 50-70 lat) oraz potencjalnie wcześniejszą radioterapię, natomiast nie wykazano związku z ekspozycją na azbest czy paleniem tytoniu.

Etiologia Samotnego Guza Włóknistego

Samotny guz włóknisty (SFT) jest rzadkim nowotworem mezenchymalnym, którego dokładna przyczyna pozostaje w dużej mierze nieznana. Jest to nowotwór wywodzący się z komórek pochodzenia mezenchymalnego, który może występować w niemal każdej części ciała, choć najczęściej lokalizuje się w opłucnej.123 Pomimo intensywnych badań, jednoznaczna etiologia SFT pozostaje niejasna, a naukowcy nadal pracują nad zrozumieniem mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za rozwój tego nowotworu.

Podłoże genetyczne

Najważniejszym odkryciem w kontekście patogenezy SFT jest identyfikacja charakterystycznych zmian genetycznych. Badania wykazały, że kluczową rolę w rozwoju samotnego guza włóknistego odgrywa fuzja genów NAB2 i STAT6 zlokalizowanych w regionie chromosomowym 12q13.456 Ta fuzja genowa stanowi molekularny wyznacznik SFT i jest obecnie uważana za wydarzenie inicjujące w tumorogenezie tego nowotworu.

Fuzja NAB2-STAT6 wykazuje kilka wariantów, z których NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2 oraz NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16/ex17 są najczęściej występującymi formami.7 Znaczenie tej fuzji genowej dla rozwoju SFT jest ogromne. Białko fuzyjne NAB2-STAT6 lokalizuje się w jądrze komórkowym i aktywuje czynnik transkrypcyjny EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1), co prowadzi do znaczącego zwiększenia ekspresji genów docelowych, w tym IGF2 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 2) i FGFR1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1).8 Skutkuje to wzmożoną proliferacją komórek i onkogenezą.

Co istotne, NAB2 jest represorem transkrypcyjnym, podczas gdy STAT6 funkcjonuje jako czynnik transkrypcyjny. Oba białka odgrywają ważną rolę w regulacji procesów zapalnych, aktywacji fibroblastów, tworzeniu kolagenu i powstawaniu naczyń.9 Fuzja tych genów przekształca NAB2 z represora w aktywator transkrypcyjny, co zmienia kontrolę nad ekspresją genów docelowych EGR1.

Poza fuzją NAB2-STAT6, w rozwoju złośliwych form SFT mogą odgrywać rolę również mutacje promotora genu TERT.1011 Inne mechanizmy molekularne związane z SFT obejmują nadekspresję ALDH1, EGFR i JAK2.12

Brak powiązania z czynnikami środowiskowymi

W przeciwieństwie do międzybłoniaka, samotny guz włóknisty nie jest związany z ekspozycją na azbest.131415 Dotychczasowe badania nie zidentyfikowały żadnych czynników środowiskowych, które zwiększałyby ryzyko rozwoju SFT.1617 Nie wykazano również związku między paleniem tytoniu a występowaniem SFT.18

Chociaż niektóre badania sugerują, że ekspozycja na określone toksyny środowiskowe może odgrywać rolę w rozwoju guza, potrzebne są dalsze badania, aby ustalić jednoznaczny związek.19 Na obecnym etapie wiedzy, nie zidentyfikowano żadnych jednoznacznych czynników środowiskowych przyczyniających się do rozwoju samotnego guza włóknistego.

Potencjalne czynniki ryzyka

Pomimo braku zidentyfikowanych przyczyn środowiskowych, istnieją pewne czynniki, które mogą być związane z zwiększonym ryzykiem rozwoju SFT:

  • Wiek – SFT występuje najczęściej między 50. a 70. rokiem życia, choć może pojawić się w każdym wieku (opisywano przypadki od 5 do 87 lat).2021
  • Wcześniejsza radioterapia – istnieją pojedyncze doniesienia sugerujące, że wcześniejsza radioterapia stosowana w leczeniu nowotworów może być czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju SFT lub jego złośliwej transformacji.2223
  • Predyspozycje genetyczne – choć większość przypadków SFT występuje sporadycznie, niektóre mogą mieć podłoże genetyczne. Jednakże zespoły dziedziczne związane z SFT są rzadkie.24

Komórkowe pochodzenie guza

SFT pierwotnie uważano za nowotwór pochodzenia międzybłonka z powodu jego predyspozycji do występowania w opłucnej i śródpiersiu. Jednakże, wraz z odkryciem przypadków SFT w wielu tkankach pozaopłucnowych, obecnie uważa się, że wywodzi się on z komórek o różnicowaniu fibroblastycznym w mezenchymie podmiędzybłonkowej.25

Możliwe komórki pochodzenia guza mogą obejmować komórki dendrytyczne endoneuraalne, dendrocyty skórne lub perycyty. Obraz w mikroskopii elektronowej oraz intensywne barwienie z CD34 i wimentyną są również zgodne z linią komórkową o różnicowaniu fibroblastycznym.26

Profile immunohistochemiczne

W diagnostyce SFT kluczową rolę odgrywa badanie immunohistochemiczne. Typowy SFT wykazuje immunoreaktywność dla CD34, CD99, wimentyny i BCL-2.27 Barwienie CD34 jest przydatne do odróżnienia SFT od innych nowotworów wrzecionowatokomórkowych, chociaż niewielki odsetek (5-10%) klasycznych SFT może być immunohistochemicznie ujemny dla CD34.

Najnowsze badania potwierdzają, że fuzja genów NAB2-STAT6 ma doskonałą czułość i swoistość dla rozpoznania SFT w porównaniu z innymi konwencjonalnymi markerami immunohistochemicznymi. Rozproszona jądrowa ekspresja STAT6 wykryta metodami immunohistochemicznymi stanowi marker diagnostyczny SFT.2829

Zespoły paraneoplastyczne związane z SFT

Samotne guzy włókniste mogą wywoływać zespoły paraneoplastyczne, które mogą stanowić dodatkowe wskazówki diagnostyczne. Najczęściej opisywane zespoły to:

Potencjał złośliwy i stratyfikacja ryzyka

Zachowanie biologiczne SFT jest trudne do przewidzenia. Według klasyfikacji WHO z 2002 roku, SFT sklasyfikowano jako nowotwór o pośrednim potencjale biologicznym (rzadko dający przerzuty).35 Jednak od 10% do 30% przypadków SFT wykazuje cechy złośliwości.36

Najnowsza klasyfikacja WHO słusznie unika określeń „typowy” i „złośliwy” w kontekście SFT, ponieważ może to być mylące dla identyfikacji podtypu typowego ze stanem łagodnym.37 Zgodnie z klasyfikacją WHO, złośliwy SFT rozpoznaje się, jeśli występuje co najmniej jedna z następujących cech histologicznych: hiperkomórkowość, pleomorfizm, martwica guza, więcej niż 4 mitozy na 10 pól widzenia przy dużym powiększeniu i naciekające marginesy.38

Na podstawie istotnych statystycznie i klinicznie czynników ryzyka opracowano model stratyfikacji ryzyka przerzutów, który podzielił populację pacjentów na trzy grupy: niskiego ryzyka, w której żadne przypadki nie dały przerzutów; wysokiego ryzyka, w której prawie wszystkie przypadki dały przerzuty; oraz pośredniego ryzyka, prawdopodobnie składającą się z mieszaniny guzów niskiego i wysokiego ryzyka.39

Najsilniejszymi predyktorami czasu do przerzutów guza i zgonu związanego z chorobą są wiek pacjenta w momencie rozpoznania, wielkość guza i indeks mitotyczny.40 Guzy śródczaszkowe SFT wykazują zwiększony poziom agresywności biologicznej, co skutkuje 60% wskaźnikiem nawrotów po resekcji i tendencją do przerzutów do narządów pozaczaszkowych na poziomie 20%.41

Kryteria złośliwości

Kryteria histopatologiczne określające złośliwość SFT obejmują:

  • Zwiększony rozmiar guza (powyżej 10 cm)42
  • Wysoki wskaźnik mitotyczny (≥4 mitozy/10 pól widzenia przy dużym powiększeniu)43
  • Hiperkomórkowość44
  • Martwica guza45
  • Pleomorfizm jądrowy46
  • Obecność ostro odgraniczonych ognisk anaplastycznych/słabo zróżnicowanych (określanych również jako odróżnicowanie)47
  • Naciekające marginesy48
  • Przerzuty lub nawroty49
  • Wysoki indeks proliferacyjny Ki6750
  • Niska ekspresja STAT651

Odróżnicowanie może wystąpić w końcowym etapie przekształcania histologicznego SFT, odzwierciedlając pojawienie się nowych zmian genetycznych w guzie lub ewolucję odróżnicowanych klonów z pierwotnego procesu złośliwego, aż do zdominowania biologii guza.52

Podsumowanie wiedzy o etiologii SFT

Samotny guz włóknisty pozostaje rzadkim nowotworem mezenchymalnym, którego dokładna etiologia nie jest w pełni poznana. Kluczową rolę w patogenezie SFT odgrywa fuzja genów NAB2-STAT6, która jest uważana za wydarzenie inicjujące w powstawaniu tego nowotworu. Nie zidentyfikowano jednoznacznych czynników środowiskowych przyczyniających się do rozwoju SFT, a związek z azbestem (charakterystyczny dla międzybłoniaka) został wykluczony.5354

Czynniki ryzyka obejmują głównie starszy wiek (szczyt zachorowań między 50. a 70. rokiem życia) oraz potencjalnie wcześniejszą radioterapię. Zachowanie biologiczne SFT jest trudne do przewidzenia, a od 10% do 30% przypadków wykazuje cechy złośliwości, z potencjałem do transformacji złośliwej, nawrotów i przerzutów.55

Badania nad molekularnymi mechanizmami rozwoju SFT trwają, a odkrycie fuzji NAB2-STAT6 stanowi ważny krok w zrozumieniu patogenezy tego rzadkiego nowotworu i potencjalnie może prowadzić do opracowania ukierunkowanych terapii w przyszłości.56

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Solitary Fibrous Tumors | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/143403
    While the exact etiology of SFTs remains unclear, data supports these tumors arising from mesenchymal origin cells. […] Research suggests that genetic alterations, particularly the recurrent fusion of the NAB2 and STAT6 genes located at chromosomal region 12q13, play a crucial role in their pathogenesis. […] To date, no environmental factors have been identified that increase the risk of SFT; other factors that may contribute to the development of SFTs include hormonal influences and potential genetic predispositions. […] However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms involved in their etiology.
  • #2 Solitary fibrous tumor of the thorax | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/solitary-fibrous-tumour-of-the-thorax?embed_domain=hackmd.io%25252525252f%252525252540yipuafecsl2jsu8smr5njq%25252525252fbnjhjgjghjghjgh&lang=us
    Solitary fibrous tumors of the thorax are rare pleural-based tumors that account for 5% of all primary pleural tumors. […] The etiology of solitary fibrous tumors is unknown. They are mostly slow-growing and benign-behaving, although a significant minority will demonstrate aggressive behavior. […] Rarely, they can transform into undifferentiated sarcoma.
  • #3 Solitary fibrous tumor – Davanzo – Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology
    https://tgh.amegroups.org/article/view/4708/html
    While the etiology of SFT is currently unknown, data supports these tumors arise from cells of mesenchymal origin. […] To date there are no environmental factors identified that increase the risk of SFT.
  • #4 Solitary Fibrous Tumors: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14945-solitary-fibrous-tumors
    Experts arent sure why some people develop solitary fibrous tumors. Research suggests that two genes NAB2 and STAT6 may join or fuse together. This fused gene or gene change may increase your risk of developing a solitary fibrous tumor. […] Solitary fibrous tumors arent related to asbestos, are cancerous less often and can also be seen elsewhere in the body (while mesothelioma is typically in the lungs and pleura). SFTs have no known cause.
  • #5 Solitary Fibrous Tumors | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/143403
    While the exact etiology of SFTs remains unclear, data supports these tumors arising from mesenchymal origin cells. […] Research suggests that genetic alterations, particularly the recurrent fusion of the NAB2 and STAT6 genes located at chromosomal region 12q13, play a crucial role in their pathogenesis. […] To date, no environmental factors have been identified that increase the risk of SFT; other factors that may contribute to the development of SFTs include hormonal influences and potential genetic predispositions. […] However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms involved in their etiology.
  • #6 Solitary Fibrous Tumour – SFA
    https://curesarcoma.org/sarcoma-subtypes/solitary-fibrous-tumour/
    Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare type of tumor that originates from fibrous tissue. […] The genetic hallmark of SFT is a paracentric inversion involving chromosome 12q, resulting in the fusion of the NAB2 and STAT6 genes. […] Unknown
  • #7
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10555-024-10204-8
    The NAB2-STAT6 fusion exhibits a range of variants, with NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2 and NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16/ex17 being the two most frequent forms. […] The discovery of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene is significant in comprehending the molecular mechanisms and tumorigenesis of SFT, providing a valuable direction for future research and the development of targeted therapies.
  • #8
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10555-024-10204-8
    Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm. […] Molecularly, SFT is defined by the fusion of NGFI-A-binding protein 2 (NAB2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) genes as NAB2-STAT6. This fusion transforms NAB2 into a transcriptional activator, activating early growth response 1 (EGR1) and contributing to SFT pathogenesis and development. […] A distinctive feature of SFT is the fusion of NGFI-A-binding protein 2 (NAB2, also known as EGR1-binding protein 2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) genes as NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene. […] The NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene serves as a hallmark for both CNS and non-CNS SFTs with variations potentially correlating with specific clinical features. […] The impact of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene on SFT is profound. As the fusion protein of NAB2-STAT6 localizes to the nucleus and activates EGR1, the expression of downstream targets, including IGF2 and FGFR1, is significantly increased, leading to cell proliferation and oncogenesis.
  • #9 The many faces of solitary fibrous tumor; diversity of histological features, differential diagnosis and role of molecular studies and surrogate markers in avoiding misdiagnosis and predicting the behavior | Diagnostic Pathology | Full Text
    https://diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13000-021-01095-2
    Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) is a distinct soft tissue neoplasm associated with NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion. […] The molecular hallmark of these tumors is the recurrent fusion of NAB2 and STAT6 genes located at chromosomal region 12q13. […] A number of studies have identified recurrent fusion of two genes in majority of SFTs by next generation sequencing (NGS) and RT-PCR techniques. This gene fusion is considered to be an initial event in the tumorigenesis of SFT. […] NAB2 is a transcriptional repressor while STAT6 is a transcription factor. Both proteins play important roles in regulation of inflammation, fibroblastic activation, collagen formation and vessel formation. […] TERT promoter mutations were found to be associated with malignant SFTs in two studies.
  • #10 The many faces of solitary fibrous tumor; diversity of histological features, differential diagnosis and role of molecular studies and surrogate markers in avoiding misdiagnosis and predicting the behavior | Diagnostic Pathology | Full Text
    https://diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13000-021-01095-2
    Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) is a distinct soft tissue neoplasm associated with NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion. […] The molecular hallmark of these tumors is the recurrent fusion of NAB2 and STAT6 genes located at chromosomal region 12q13. […] A number of studies have identified recurrent fusion of two genes in majority of SFTs by next generation sequencing (NGS) and RT-PCR techniques. This gene fusion is considered to be an initial event in the tumorigenesis of SFT. […] NAB2 is a transcriptional repressor while STAT6 is a transcription factor. Both proteins play important roles in regulation of inflammation, fibroblastic activation, collagen formation and vessel formation. […] TERT promoter mutations were found to be associated with malignant SFTs in two studies.
  • #11 Pathology Outlines – Solitary fibrous tumor
    https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissuesft.html
    Unknown […] Paracentric inversion involving chromosome 12q, resulting in NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion […] NAB2-STAT6 fusions converts NAB2 from transcriptional repressor to activator […] Altered NAB2 function leads to constitutive (deregulated) expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1) target genes, including IGF2, FGFR1 […] Other mechanisms include overexpression of: ALDH1, EGFR, JAK2 […] TERT promoter mutations.
  • #12 Pathology Outlines – Solitary fibrous tumor
    https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissuesft.html
    Unknown […] Paracentric inversion involving chromosome 12q, resulting in NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion […] NAB2-STAT6 fusions converts NAB2 from transcriptional repressor to activator […] Altered NAB2 function leads to constitutive (deregulated) expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1) target genes, including IGF2, FGFR1 […] Other mechanisms include overexpression of: ALDH1, EGFR, JAK2 […] TERT promoter mutations.
  • #13 Solitary fibrous tumor: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000116.htm
    Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a noncancerous tumor of the lining of the lung and chest cavity, an area called the pleura. SFT used to be called localized fibrous mesothelioma. […] The exact cause of SFT remains unknown. This type of tumor affects men and women equally. […] The diagnosis of SFT is difficult compared with the cancerous type of this disease, called malignant mesothelioma, which is caused by exposure to asbestos (as cancer needs to be checked for). SFT is not caused by asbestos exposure.
  • #14 Solitary fibrous tumor – UF Health
    https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/solitary-fibrous-tumor
    The exact cause of SFT remains unknown. This type of tumor affects men and women equally. […] SFT is not caused by asbestos exposure.
  • #15 Rapidly growing solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/47457/html
    A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare spindle cell tumor-derived from mesenchymal cells. It may be linked to the fusion of the NAB2-STAT6 gene caused by 12q chromosome rearrangement. […] The etiology of SFT is not clear. There are no known genetic, environmental or susceptibility risk factors, and it is not related to asbestos exposure. […] However, it is currently believed that SFT is a translocation related tumor, which is consistent with the fusion of the NAB2-STAT6 gene caused by repeated intrachromosomal rearrangement of 12q chromosome, and this translocation may be the main factor of its pathogenesis. […] SFTP combined with pleural effusion is uncommon, the incidence is less than 20%, and pleural effusion may play a significant role in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors.
  • #16 Solitary Fibrous Tumors | Treatment & Management | Point of Care
    https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/143403
    While the exact etiology of SFTs remains unclear, data supports these tumors arising from mesenchymal origin cells. […] Research suggests that genetic alterations, particularly the recurrent fusion of the NAB2 and STAT6 genes located at chromosomal region 12q13, play a crucial role in their pathogenesis. […] To date, no environmental factors have been identified that increase the risk of SFT; other factors that may contribute to the development of SFTs include hormonal influences and potential genetic predispositions. […] However, further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms involved in their etiology.
  • #17 Solitary fibrous tumor – Davanzo – Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology
    https://tgh.amegroups.org/article/view/4708/html
    While the etiology of SFT is currently unknown, data supports these tumors arise from cells of mesenchymal origin. […] To date there are no environmental factors identified that increase the risk of SFT.
  • #18 Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: not always a benign entity | Pulmonology
    https://journalpulmonology.org/pt-solitary-fibrous-tumors-pleura-not-articulo-X0873215915933123
    Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare tumor originating in mesenchymal cells; it represents less than 5% of all pleural tumors. It is generally benign but 10-30% of SFTP are malignant. […] There is no association with tobacco, asbestos or other exposures. […] Malignant SFTP is uncommon and its incidence varies from 7% to 60%. It rarely arises from a pre-existing SFTP undergoing malignant transformation. […] According to the world Health Organization Classification for soft tissue tumors, the malignant SFTP is diagnosed if one or more of the following histologic features are present: hypercellularity, pleomorphism, tumor necrosis, more than 4 mitoses per ten high-power fields and infiltrative margins. […] The role of adjuvant radio and chemotherapy in malignant SFTP remains unclear since there is no systematic assessment due to the rarity of the tumor. […] Despite a complete resection, malignant SFTP can have a poor prognosis with a 5-year rate survival of 45.5%.
  • #19 Solitary Fibrous Tumors – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/solitary-fibrous-tumors
    Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFTs) are rare tumors that can arise in various tissues throughout the body, most commonly in the pleura, which is the lining of the lungs. […] Currently, there is limited evidence linking infectious agents or environmental factors directly to the development of solitary fibrous tumors. However, some studies suggest that exposure to certain environmental toxins may play a role in the tumor’s development, although more research is needed to establish a definitive connection. […] While most solitary fibrous tumors are sporadic, some cases may have a genetic predisposition. Certain genetic mutations, such as those affecting the NAB2-STAT6 pathway, have been identified in SFTs. However, hereditary syndromes associated with SFTs are rare. […] There is currently no conclusive evidence linking lifestyle or dietary factors to the development of solitary fibrous tumors. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can contribute to overall well-being and may help reduce the risk of various cancers. […] Individuals with a history of certain conditions, such as previous radiation exposure or other malignancies, may have an increased risk of developing SFTs.
  • #20 Solitary fibrous tumor – Overview – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/solitary-fibrous-tumors/cdc-20395823
    Solitary fibrous tumors are growths of cells that can form in almost any part of the body. […] The cause of solitary fibrous tumors isn’t known. A solitary fibrous tumor starts when cells develop changes in their DNA. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell the cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In tumor cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the tumor cells to grow and multiply quickly. This causes too many cells. […] The main risk factor for solitary fibrous tumors is older age. Solitary fibrous tumors are most common between ages 50 and 70.
  • #21 Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) – Treatment abroad
    https://www.gsdinternational.com/conditions/solitary-fibrous-tumor-of-the-pleura-sftp
    In solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura, unlike mesotheliomas, no correlation with exposure to asbestos or other carcinogens has been identified, and their cause is still unknown. […] They are very rare neoplasms, with an incidence of 2.8 out of 100,000 cancers and affect at any age (cases from 5 to 87 years are reported) with a peak between the sixth and seventh decade of life, with no sex preference.
  • #22 Solitary Fibrous Tumor – EyeWiki
    https://eyewiki.org/Solitary_Fibrous_Tumor
    Solitary fibrous tumors are composed of spindle-shaped cells and were originally considered a neoplasia of the mesothelium due to their propensity to arise from the pleura and mediastinum. […] Since its classic description, solitary fibrous tumors have been described in multiple extraserosal tissues including the lung, liver, thyroid, paranasal sinuses, and orbit, making it less likely to actually be derived from mesothelium, and more likely to be from a fibroblastic differentiated cell type in the submesothelial mesenchyme. […] Possible cells of origin could include endoneural dendritic cells, dermal dendrocytes, or pericytes. […] Their electron microscopic appearance and dense staining with CD34 and vimentin are also consistent with a fibroblastic differentiated cell line. […] One case in the literature to date has documented radiation therapy as a possible risk factor for malignant degeneration.
  • #23 Solitary fibrous tumors – Humanitas.net
    https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/solitary-fibrous-tumors/
    The exact cause of solitary fibrous tumors remains unknown. Some solitary fibrous tumors are associated with the paraneoplastic DoegePotter syndrome, which is caused by tumor production of IGF-2. […] One factor in particular that can increase the risk of developing solitary fibrous tumors is having had previous radiation therapy for cancer treatment.
  • #24 Solitary Fibrous Tumors – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
    https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/solitary-fibrous-tumors
    Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFTs) are rare tumors that can arise in various tissues throughout the body, most commonly in the pleura, which is the lining of the lungs. […] Currently, there is limited evidence linking infectious agents or environmental factors directly to the development of solitary fibrous tumors. However, some studies suggest that exposure to certain environmental toxins may play a role in the tumor’s development, although more research is needed to establish a definitive connection. […] While most solitary fibrous tumors are sporadic, some cases may have a genetic predisposition. Certain genetic mutations, such as those affecting the NAB2-STAT6 pathway, have been identified in SFTs. However, hereditary syndromes associated with SFTs are rare. […] There is currently no conclusive evidence linking lifestyle or dietary factors to the development of solitary fibrous tumors. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can contribute to overall well-being and may help reduce the risk of various cancers. […] Individuals with a history of certain conditions, such as previous radiation exposure or other malignancies, may have an increased risk of developing SFTs.
  • #25 Solitary Fibrous Tumor – EyeWiki
    https://eyewiki.org/Solitary_Fibrous_Tumor
    Solitary fibrous tumors are composed of spindle-shaped cells and were originally considered a neoplasia of the mesothelium due to their propensity to arise from the pleura and mediastinum. […] Since its classic description, solitary fibrous tumors have been described in multiple extraserosal tissues including the lung, liver, thyroid, paranasal sinuses, and orbit, making it less likely to actually be derived from mesothelium, and more likely to be from a fibroblastic differentiated cell type in the submesothelial mesenchyme. […] Possible cells of origin could include endoneural dendritic cells, dermal dendrocytes, or pericytes. […] Their electron microscopic appearance and dense staining with CD34 and vimentin are also consistent with a fibroblastic differentiated cell line. […] One case in the literature to date has documented radiation therapy as a possible risk factor for malignant degeneration.
  • #26 Solitary Fibrous Tumor – EyeWiki
    https://eyewiki.org/Solitary_Fibrous_Tumor
    Solitary fibrous tumors are composed of spindle-shaped cells and were originally considered a neoplasia of the mesothelium due to their propensity to arise from the pleura and mediastinum. […] Since its classic description, solitary fibrous tumors have been described in multiple extraserosal tissues including the lung, liver, thyroid, paranasal sinuses, and orbit, making it less likely to actually be derived from mesothelium, and more likely to be from a fibroblastic differentiated cell type in the submesothelial mesenchyme. […] Possible cells of origin could include endoneural dendritic cells, dermal dendrocytes, or pericytes. […] Their electron microscopic appearance and dense staining with CD34 and vimentin are also consistent with a fibroblastic differentiated cell line. […] One case in the literature to date has documented radiation therapy as a possible risk factor for malignant degeneration.
  • #27 Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver: A case report and review of the literature
    https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i20/7097.htm
    Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are the golden standard for SFT diagnosis. At a microscopic level, classical architectural patterns can be seen as a random arranged spindled to ovoid cells, with abundant stromal collagen. The typical SFT of the liver is immunoreactive for CD34, CD99, vimentin and BCL-2. The staining of CD34 is useful to distinguish SFT from other spindle cell neoplasms. However, a small percentage (5%-10%) of classical SFT is immunohistochemically negative for CD34. Recent studies confirm that the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SFT than other conventional immunohistochemical markers. The diffuse nuclear STAT6 expression by immunohistochemical detection represents the marker for the diagnosis of SFT. […] The mechanisms of solitary liver metastasis from meningeal SFT might be associated with NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion and pan-TRK expression. Several studies showed that NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion can evaluate the metastasis of SFT. Singh et al reported NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16 fusion detected in malignant SFT of the liver, and the original brain hemangiopericytoma showed the same fusion, suggesting a metastatic tumor rather than a primary tumor in the liver.
  • #28 Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver: A case report and review of the literature
    https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i20/7097.htm
    Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are the golden standard for SFT diagnosis. At a microscopic level, classical architectural patterns can be seen as a random arranged spindled to ovoid cells, with abundant stromal collagen. The typical SFT of the liver is immunoreactive for CD34, CD99, vimentin and BCL-2. The staining of CD34 is useful to distinguish SFT from other spindle cell neoplasms. However, a small percentage (5%-10%) of classical SFT is immunohistochemically negative for CD34. Recent studies confirm that the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SFT than other conventional immunohistochemical markers. The diffuse nuclear STAT6 expression by immunohistochemical detection represents the marker for the diagnosis of SFT. […] The mechanisms of solitary liver metastasis from meningeal SFT might be associated with NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion and pan-TRK expression. Several studies showed that NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion can evaluate the metastasis of SFT. Singh et al reported NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16 fusion detected in malignant SFT of the liver, and the original brain hemangiopericytoma showed the same fusion, suggesting a metastatic tumor rather than a primary tumor in the liver.
  • #29 Multiple solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura with multicentric and unilateral involvement: a case report | Surgical Case Reports | Full Text
    https://surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40792-023-01717-5
    Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a mesenchymal tumor. […] Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTPs) are relatively rare, accounting for 5% of all pleural tumors. […] Although there are differences in tumor size and clinicopathological findings, patients with SFTP generally have only one lesion. […] The incidence of SFTPs does not differ between the sexes and SFTPs occur in all age groups; however, they commonly present during the fifth and sixth decades of life. […] Immunostaining is useful in the diagnosis of SFTP, and CD34, CD99, and Bcl-2 are commonly used as positive markers. In addition, NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion has recently emerged as a sensitive and specific molecular marker and its IHC surrogate marker signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) has also shown significant sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SFTP.
  • #30 Solitary fibrous tumor | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
    https://radiopaedia.org/articles/solitary-fibrous-tumour?lang=us
    Solitary fibrous tumors are a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that comprise less than 2% of all soft tissue tumors ranging from indolent tumors to more aggressive masses. […] Solitary fibrous tumors, regardless of location, are characterized by the genomic inversion of 12q13 locus resulting in the fusion of NAB2 and STAT6 genes. […] Rarely solitary fibrous tumors result in paraneoplastic non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) known as Doege-Potter syndrome which results from the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2).
  • #31 Rapidly growing solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/47457/html
    The function of the pleura and endocrine system is not fully independent. Occasionally, SFTP can induce paraneoplastic syndromes, such as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia caused by ectopic secretion of insulin-like growth factor II which knew as Doege Potter syndrome. […] Distant metastasis of SFTP is very rare, but it has been reported in the pancreas, lung, and thyroid. Similarly, malignant transformation occurs occasionally. […] The histopathological feature of SFT is the coexistence of sparse and dense regions, which are separated by fibrous stroma, and with hemangiopericytoma branching vessels. […] The most valuable positive markers of SFT immunohistochemistry were CD34, CD99, Bcl-2, and vimentin, cytokeratin (CK) was always negative. […] The positive expression rate of STAT6 was even 100% in benign SFT but decreased in malignant SFT.
  • #32 Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia – Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: a rare cause of elevation of the right lung base
    https://www.jornaldepneumologia.com.br/details/2951/en-US/solitary-fibrous-tumor-of-the-pleura–a-rare-cause-of-elevation-of-the-right-lung-base;
    A solitary fibrous tumor is defined as a mesenchymal neoplasm that has fibroblastic characteristics and clear peripheral vascular tumor-like branching vascularization. […] Although such tumors most commonly affect the pleura, they can occur in other thoracic areas (i.e., the mediastinum, pericardium, and lung), as well as in extrathoracic areas (i.e., the abdomen, head/neck, and central nervous system). […] Patients with SFTP occasionally have hypoglycemia, which is seen more often in patients with malignant SFTP and is known as Doege-Potter syndrome. […] Making the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant SFTP is usually problematic. […] Currently, SFTP is primarily diagnosed on the basis of microscopic pathology findings, especially those obtained with immunohistochemical techniques.
  • #33 Solitary fibrous tumour – Overview of Information and Clinical Research
    https://clinicaltrials.eu/disease/solitary-fibrous-tumour/
    Solitary Fibrous Tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors that can manifest in various parts of the body, presenting a unique challenge in oncology due to their intermediate malignant potential. […] The incidence of SFT is approximately 1 new case per million people each year, making it a rare condition. […] Several risk models have been developed to predict outcomes for patients with SFT. These models consider factors such as age, tumor size, mitotic count, and tumor necrosis to categorize patients into different risk groups. […] For example, the presence of hypoglycemia has been proposed as a marker for a higher probability of metastatic recurrence and death. […] Understanding the risk factors and utilizing predictive models can help in tailoring individualized care plans to improve prognosis and quality of life for those living with this condition.
  • #34 Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery | Full Text
    https://cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13019-022-01842-6
    Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare, mesenchymal neoplasms originating from fibroblastic or myofibroblastic tissue. […] SFTs of the pleura (SFTPs) are very rare, occurring at an incidence of 2.8 per 100,000. […] The majority of SFTPs originate from the visceral pleura, as was the case with our patient. […] In extremely rare cases, SFTs can originate from the lung parenchyma resulting in an intrapulmonary SFT. […] Certain paraneoplastic syndromes such as Doege-Potter syndrome and Pierre-Marie-Bamberg syndrome have been associated with SFTP which can present with digital clubbing, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and hypoglycemia due to the production of insulin-like growth factor II from the SFTP. […] SFTPs can recur even after total surgical resection. […] Malignant SFTP, as seen in our patient, are defined as meeting at least one of the following criteria: mitotic rate4/10 high-power fields, presence of necrosis, atypical nuclei, and hypercellularity. […] Complete en bloc surgical resection is the primary treatment for SFTP. […] Post-operative treatment often includes a combination of temozolomide and bevacizumab which are found to have a high disease control when given together.
  • #35 Solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathological study of 110 cases and proposed risk assessment model | Modern Pathology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201283
    Solitary fibrous tumor represents a spectrum of mesenchymal tumors, encompassing tumors previously termed hemangiopericytoma, which are classified as having intermediate biological potential (rarely metastasizing) in the 2002 World Health Organization classification scheme. […] Solitary fibrous tumors are categorized as intermediate biological potential with a low risk of metastasis and relatively indolent course under the 2002 WHO Classification. […] Several histopathological criteria have been reported to be useful for determining malignancy in solitary fibrous tumor. These include increased tumor size, mitotic count, cellularity, presence of hemorrhage/necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and presence of sharply demarcated anaplastic/poorly differentiated foci (also regarded by some as dedifferentiation).
  • #36 Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: not always a benign entity | Pulmonology
    https://journalpulmonology.org/pt-solitary-fibrous-tumors-pleura-not-articulo-X0873215915933123
    Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare tumor originating in mesenchymal cells; it represents less than 5% of all pleural tumors. It is generally benign but 10-30% of SFTP are malignant. […] There is no association with tobacco, asbestos or other exposures. […] Malignant SFTP is uncommon and its incidence varies from 7% to 60%. It rarely arises from a pre-existing SFTP undergoing malignant transformation. […] According to the world Health Organization Classification for soft tissue tumors, the malignant SFTP is diagnosed if one or more of the following histologic features are present: hypercellularity, pleomorphism, tumor necrosis, more than 4 mitoses per ten high-power fields and infiltrative margins. […] The role of adjuvant radio and chemotherapy in malignant SFTP remains unclear since there is no systematic assessment due to the rarity of the tumor. […] Despite a complete resection, malignant SFTP can have a poor prognosis with a 5-year rate survival of 45.5%.
  • #37 A Comprehensive Review on Solitary Fibrous Tumor: New Insights for New Horizons
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8230482/
    The risk for metastasis is up to 3545%, or even greater, in series with a longer follow-up. […] The last WHO classification appropriately avoids the terms typical and malignant in the context of SFT, since it can be misleading to identify a typical subtype with a benign condition. […] Dedifferentiation can occur at the end of the transforming histological stage of SFT, reflecting that new genetic hits have emerged in the tumor or that dedifferentiated clones have evolved from the initial malignant process, until they govern the tumor biology. […] Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) are overexpressed in a substantial proportion of SFT cases, and this overexpression is detected by immunohistochemistry. […] The identification of NAB2STAT6 fusion within chromosome 12, communicated in 2013 by three different research groups, was an important milestone in terms of understanding this entity.
  • #38 Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: not always a benign entity | Pulmonology
    https://journalpulmonology.org/pt-solitary-fibrous-tumors-pleura-not-articulo-X0873215915933123
    Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare tumor originating in mesenchymal cells; it represents less than 5% of all pleural tumors. It is generally benign but 10-30% of SFTP are malignant. […] There is no association with tobacco, asbestos or other exposures. […] Malignant SFTP is uncommon and its incidence varies from 7% to 60%. It rarely arises from a pre-existing SFTP undergoing malignant transformation. […] According to the world Health Organization Classification for soft tissue tumors, the malignant SFTP is diagnosed if one or more of the following histologic features are present: hypercellularity, pleomorphism, tumor necrosis, more than 4 mitoses per ten high-power fields and infiltrative margins. […] The role of adjuvant radio and chemotherapy in malignant SFTP remains unclear since there is no systematic assessment due to the rarity of the tumor. […] Despite a complete resection, malignant SFTP can have a poor prognosis with a 5-year rate survival of 45.5%.
  • #39 Solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathological study of 110 cases and proposed risk assessment model | Modern Pathology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201283
    The strongest predictors of time to tumor metastasis and disease-specific death were patient age at presentation, tumor size, and mitotic index. […] Mitotic activity is another reported risk factor for disease progression, with 4 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields being the historical cutoff in the literature for both hemangiopericytoma and pleural and soft tissue solitary fibrous tumor. […] In our series, pleural tumors had a high rate of local (intrapleural and mediastinal) metastasis, but rarely metastasized out of the hemithorax. […] The association of intra-abdominal hemangiopericytoma with poor outcomes has been described, and it has been suggested that all intra-abdominal hemangiopericytoma be treated as potentially malignant. […] Using statistically significant and clinically important risk factors, we developed a risk stratification model for metastases, which divided our patient population roughly into thirds—a low-risk group in which no cases metastasized, a high-risk group in which nearly all cases metastasized, and an intermediate risk group likely comprised of a mixture of low- and high-risk tumors.
  • #40 Solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathological study of 110 cases and proposed risk assessment model | Modern Pathology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201283
    The strongest predictors of time to tumor metastasis and disease-specific death were patient age at presentation, tumor size, and mitotic index. […] Mitotic activity is another reported risk factor for disease progression, with 4 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields being the historical cutoff in the literature for both hemangiopericytoma and pleural and soft tissue solitary fibrous tumor. […] In our series, pleural tumors had a high rate of local (intrapleural and mediastinal) metastasis, but rarely metastasized out of the hemithorax. […] The association of intra-abdominal hemangiopericytoma with poor outcomes has been described, and it has been suggested that all intra-abdominal hemangiopericytoma be treated as potentially malignant. […] Using statistically significant and clinically important risk factors, we developed a risk stratification model for metastases, which divided our patient population roughly into thirds—a low-risk group in which no cases metastasized, a high-risk group in which nearly all cases metastasized, and an intermediate risk group likely comprised of a mixture of low- and high-risk tumors.
  • #41 Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor in a 15-year-old girl: illustrative case in: Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons Volume 7 Issue 7 (2024) Journals
    https://thejns.org/caselessons/view/journals/j-neurosurg-case-lessons/7/7/article-CASE23447.xml
    SFT displays a heightened level of biological aggressiveness, resulting in a recurrence rate of 60% postresection and a tendency to metastasize to extracranial organs at a rate of 20%. […] Therefore, resection followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy is the primary treatment option for SFT. […] The primary danger of undergoing surgery is the tumors high vascularity, with the possibility of invading the venous sinus, which can cause significant bleeding throughout the procedure. […] Predicting the preoperative blood supply and efficiently managing the supplying arteries can reduce surgical blood loss and improve the likelihood of complete tumor resection. […] Preoperative embolization is recommended for reducing the risk of intraoperative bleeding and improving resectability.
  • #42 Rapidly growing solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/47457/html
    Because the clinical manifestations of SFTP are nonspecific, it is usually diagnosed in the advanced stage of development. […] Adhesions or unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues, pleural effusion or calcification, maximum tumor diameter higher than 10 cm, invasive growth, uneven density, metastasis or recurrence, paraneoplastic syndrome, moderate to significant cell heterogeneity, high Ki67 proliferation index, and low STAT6 expression suggest that SFTP may be malignant. […] For malignant SFTP, the curative effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited, and chemotherapy combined with molecular targeted therapy has produced promising results.
  • #43 Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes for Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT): A Single Center Experience | PLOS One
    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140362
    Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm of fibrous origin. The 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue tumors defines malignant forms as hypercellular, mitotically active (4 mitosis/10 high-power fields), with cytological atypia, tumor necrosis, and/or infiltrative margins. […] SFT is a mesenchymal tumor of fibroblastic type that is poorly understood. Originally regarded as separate entities, SFT and hemangiopericytoma are now considered one neoplasm. In the 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue tumors, the terminology is unified under SFT only. […] Approximately 12-22% are found to be malignant; however, the histological definitions that suggest a tendency toward malignancy are not well defined. […] The 2013 WHO classification of soft tissue tumors further defines malignant forms as hypercellular, mitotically active (4 mitosis/10 high-power fields), with cytological atypia, tumor necrosis, and/or infiltrative margins.
  • #44 Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: not always a benign entity | Pulmonology
    https://journalpulmonology.org/pt-solitary-fibrous-tumors-pleura-not-articulo-X0873215915933123
    Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare tumor originating in mesenchymal cells; it represents less than 5% of all pleural tumors. It is generally benign but 10-30% of SFTP are malignant. […] There is no association with tobacco, asbestos or other exposures. […] Malignant SFTP is uncommon and its incidence varies from 7% to 60%. It rarely arises from a pre-existing SFTP undergoing malignant transformation. […] According to the world Health Organization Classification for soft tissue tumors, the malignant SFTP is diagnosed if one or more of the following histologic features are present: hypercellularity, pleomorphism, tumor necrosis, more than 4 mitoses per ten high-power fields and infiltrative margins. […] The role of adjuvant radio and chemotherapy in malignant SFTP remains unclear since there is no systematic assessment due to the rarity of the tumor. […] Despite a complete resection, malignant SFTP can have a poor prognosis with a 5-year rate survival of 45.5%.
  • #45 Risk assessment in solitary fibrous tumors: validation and refinement of a risk stratification model | Modern Pathology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201754
    Solitary fibrous tumors are an uncommon sarcoma type characterized by NAB2STAT6 gene fusion. […] The behavior of solitary fibrous tumors has been difficult to predict, despite histopathologic criteria for malignancy proposed by England et al. in 1989. […] Our initial model did not incorporate the presence of tumor necrosis as a risk factor due to our inability to prove that it was an independent risk separate from tumor size and mitotic activity, two variables with which it was significantly correlated. […] However, necrosis was a strong prognostic factor in univariable analyses, and we revisited the question of whether or not addition of necrosis to the model could provide additional prognostic information. […] Our findings show that despite variations in clinical settings and patient populations, our risk score provides reproducible results based on simple, relatively objective criteria, which are easy to identify from pathology reports and clinical data.
  • #46 Solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathological study of 110 cases and proposed risk assessment model | Modern Pathology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201283
    Solitary fibrous tumor represents a spectrum of mesenchymal tumors, encompassing tumors previously termed hemangiopericytoma, which are classified as having intermediate biological potential (rarely metastasizing) in the 2002 World Health Organization classification scheme. […] Solitary fibrous tumors are categorized as intermediate biological potential with a low risk of metastasis and relatively indolent course under the 2002 WHO Classification. […] Several histopathological criteria have been reported to be useful for determining malignancy in solitary fibrous tumor. These include increased tumor size, mitotic count, cellularity, presence of hemorrhage/necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and presence of sharply demarcated anaplastic/poorly differentiated foci (also regarded by some as dedifferentiation).
  • #47 Solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathological study of 110 cases and proposed risk assessment model | Modern Pathology
    https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201283
    Solitary fibrous tumor represents a spectrum of mesenchymal tumors, encompassing tumors previously termed hemangiopericytoma, which are classified as having intermediate biological potential (rarely metastasizing) in the 2002 World Health Organization classification scheme. […] Solitary fibrous tumors are categorized as intermediate biological potential with a low risk of metastasis and relatively indolent course under the 2002 WHO Classification. […] Several histopathological criteria have been reported to be useful for determining malignancy in solitary fibrous tumor. These include increased tumor size, mitotic count, cellularity, presence of hemorrhage/necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and presence of sharply demarcated anaplastic/poorly differentiated foci (also regarded by some as dedifferentiation).
  • #48 Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: not always a benign entity | Pulmonology
    https://journalpulmonology.org/pt-solitary-fibrous-tumors-pleura-not-articulo-X0873215915933123
    Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare tumor originating in mesenchymal cells; it represents less than 5% of all pleural tumors. It is generally benign but 10-30% of SFTP are malignant. […] There is no association with tobacco, asbestos or other exposures. […] Malignant SFTP is uncommon and its incidence varies from 7% to 60%. It rarely arises from a pre-existing SFTP undergoing malignant transformation. […] According to the world Health Organization Classification for soft tissue tumors, the malignant SFTP is diagnosed if one or more of the following histologic features are present: hypercellularity, pleomorphism, tumor necrosis, more than 4 mitoses per ten high-power fields and infiltrative margins. […] The role of adjuvant radio and chemotherapy in malignant SFTP remains unclear since there is no systematic assessment due to the rarity of the tumor. […] Despite a complete resection, malignant SFTP can have a poor prognosis with a 5-year rate survival of 45.5%.
  • #49 Rapidly growing solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/47457/html
    Because the clinical manifestations of SFTP are nonspecific, it is usually diagnosed in the advanced stage of development. […] Adhesions or unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues, pleural effusion or calcification, maximum tumor diameter higher than 10 cm, invasive growth, uneven density, metastasis or recurrence, paraneoplastic syndrome, moderate to significant cell heterogeneity, high Ki67 proliferation index, and low STAT6 expression suggest that SFTP may be malignant. […] For malignant SFTP, the curative effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited, and chemotherapy combined with molecular targeted therapy has produced promising results.
  • #50 Rapidly growing solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/47457/html
    Because the clinical manifestations of SFTP are nonspecific, it is usually diagnosed in the advanced stage of development. […] Adhesions or unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues, pleural effusion or calcification, maximum tumor diameter higher than 10 cm, invasive growth, uneven density, metastasis or recurrence, paraneoplastic syndrome, moderate to significant cell heterogeneity, high Ki67 proliferation index, and low STAT6 expression suggest that SFTP may be malignant. […] For malignant SFTP, the curative effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited, and chemotherapy combined with molecular targeted therapy has produced promising results.
  • #51 Rapidly growing solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/47457/html
    Because the clinical manifestations of SFTP are nonspecific, it is usually diagnosed in the advanced stage of development. […] Adhesions or unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues, pleural effusion or calcification, maximum tumor diameter higher than 10 cm, invasive growth, uneven density, metastasis or recurrence, paraneoplastic syndrome, moderate to significant cell heterogeneity, high Ki67 proliferation index, and low STAT6 expression suggest that SFTP may be malignant. […] For malignant SFTP, the curative effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is limited, and chemotherapy combined with molecular targeted therapy has produced promising results.
  • #52 A Comprehensive Review on Solitary Fibrous Tumor: New Insights for New Horizons
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8230482/
    The risk for metastasis is up to 3545%, or even greater, in series with a longer follow-up. […] The last WHO classification appropriately avoids the terms typical and malignant in the context of SFT, since it can be misleading to identify a typical subtype with a benign condition. […] Dedifferentiation can occur at the end of the transforming histological stage of SFT, reflecting that new genetic hits have emerged in the tumor or that dedifferentiated clones have evolved from the initial malignant process, until they govern the tumor biology. […] Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) are overexpressed in a substantial proportion of SFT cases, and this overexpression is detected by immunohistochemistry. […] The identification of NAB2STAT6 fusion within chromosome 12, communicated in 2013 by three different research groups, was an important milestone in terms of understanding this entity.
  • #53 Rapidly growing solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: a case report and review of the literature
    https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/47457/html
    A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare spindle cell tumor-derived from mesenchymal cells. It may be linked to the fusion of the NAB2-STAT6 gene caused by 12q chromosome rearrangement. […] The etiology of SFT is not clear. There are no known genetic, environmental or susceptibility risk factors, and it is not related to asbestos exposure. […] However, it is currently believed that SFT is a translocation related tumor, which is consistent with the fusion of the NAB2-STAT6 gene caused by repeated intrachromosomal rearrangement of 12q chromosome, and this translocation may be the main factor of its pathogenesis. […] SFTP combined with pleural effusion is uncommon, the incidence is less than 20%, and pleural effusion may play a significant role in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors.
  • #54 Solitary fibrous tumor of the lung: a case report | Surgical Case Reports | Full Text
    https://surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40792-016-0286-7
    Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are relatively rare neoplasms that commonly occur in the pleura. […] The etiology of which is unknown. […] The etiological factors are unknown, and asbestos exposure is not correlated with the SFT pathogenesis.
  • #55 Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: not always a benign entity | Pulmonology
    https://journalpulmonology.org/pt-solitary-fibrous-tumors-pleura-not-articulo-X0873215915933123
    Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare tumor originating in mesenchymal cells; it represents less than 5% of all pleural tumors. It is generally benign but 10-30% of SFTP are malignant. […] There is no association with tobacco, asbestos or other exposures. […] Malignant SFTP is uncommon and its incidence varies from 7% to 60%. It rarely arises from a pre-existing SFTP undergoing malignant transformation. […] According to the world Health Organization Classification for soft tissue tumors, the malignant SFTP is diagnosed if one or more of the following histologic features are present: hypercellularity, pleomorphism, tumor necrosis, more than 4 mitoses per ten high-power fields and infiltrative margins. […] The role of adjuvant radio and chemotherapy in malignant SFTP remains unclear since there is no systematic assessment due to the rarity of the tumor. […] Despite a complete resection, malignant SFTP can have a poor prognosis with a 5-year rate survival of 45.5%.
  • #56 A Comprehensive Review on Solitary Fibrous Tumor: New Insights for New Horizons
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8230482/
    Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a malignant condition that exhibits different clinical behaviors ranging from low to high aggressive SFT, with dedifferentiated SFT (DD-SFT) being the fastest-growing subtype. […] The discovery in 2013 of anomalous fusion genes between NAB2 and STAT6 was determinant to increase the knowledge on the molecular drivers in SFT that could be potential targets for future therapies. […] Recent evidence taken from retrospective series and from two prospective phase II clinical trials showed that antiangiogenics are active and their sequential use from first line should be considered, except for dedifferentiated SFT for which chemotherapy is the best option. […] Since the fusion transcript drivers first description in 2013, new insights have been brought on key molecular events in SFT.