Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/

  COPD is largely a preventable condition. You can significantly reduce your chances of developing it if you avoid smoking. […] If you already smoke, stopping can help prevent further damage to your lungs before it starts to cause troublesome symptoms. […] If you think you need help to stop smoking, visit NHS Better Health Quit smoking for free advice and support. […] You may also want to talk to a GP about the stop smoking treatments available.

• #2 COPD Prevention: Lifestyle Changes | WellMed

  https://www.wellmedhealthcare.com/copd-is-preventable-and-treatable/

  COPD is preventable and treatable. […] According to Dr. Manuel Jain, though not curable, COPD is common, preventable and treatable. […] The most important factor in preventing and treating COPD is to stop smoking immediately and if you’ve never smoked, do not start. […] COPD treatment can include the following: Medicines, Pulmonary rehabilitation, which teaches patients how to manage symptoms, Vaccinations for illnesses that can affect the lungs, such as flu, pneumonia and COVID, Portable oxygen tank. […] Importantly, the prognosis is good for most COPD patients once they are diagnosed and begin treatment.

• #3 Exercise intervention for Prevention, Management of and Rehabilitation from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | Frontiers Research Topic

  https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/37074/exercise-intervention-for-prevention-management-of-and-rehabilitation-from-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/magazine

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a global health issue in 2022. COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide and the burden is expected to further increase over the coming years, due to continued exposure to risk factors and an aging population. […] The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has identified reduction in breathlessness and improvements in the ability to perform physical activity as priority treatment goals in COPD and recommends that non-pharmacological approaches complement pharmacological treatments as part of the comprehensive management of COPD. […] Furthermore, exercise training, is a well-established, efficacious, non-pharmacological intervention in COPD and is the cornerstone of Pulmonary Rehabilitation programs. […] The intended scope of this research topic is to address the therapeutic role of physical activity and exercise training in COPD.

• #4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease

  Most cases of COPD can be prevented by reducing exposure to risk factors such as smoking and indoor and outdoor pollutants. […] Stopping smoking is the only measure shown to slow down the worsening of COPD. […] Smoking bans in public areas and places of work are important measures to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke and while many places have instituted bans, more are recommended. […] A number of measures have been taken to reduce the likelihood that workers in at-risk industries such as coal mining, construction and stonemasonry will develop COPD. […] Both indoor and outdoor air quality can be improved, which may prevent COPD or slow the worsening of existing disease. […] In developing countries one key effort is to reduce exposure to smoke from cooking and heating fuels through improved ventilation of homes and better stoves and chimneys.

• #5 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – GOLD

  https://goldcopd.org/

  GOLD works with healthcare professionals and public health officials around the world to raise awareness of COPD and to improve prevention and treatment of this lung disease. […] The GOLD strategy document for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD, along with the corresponding pocket guide, are developed for healthcare professionals based on the best scientific information available. […] A WHO document that summarizes the association between tobacco use and COPD, as well as describes the effectiveness of interventions to reduce tobacco use and complications. […] The Third Edition of the GIRD Report from FIRS is now available online. This report aims to raise awareness regarding the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of respiratory diseases worldwide.

• #6 About COPD | COPD | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/copd/about/index.html

  COPD is a group of lung diseases that get worse over time. […] There is no cure for COPD, but it can be treated. […] To lower your risk of COPD: Stop smoking. […] Avoid inhaling cigarette smoke. […] Limit time in places with bad air quality. […] If you have any COPD symptoms, talk to your doctor. […] Getting diagnosed early allows you to manage and treat COPD, so you can prevent it from getting worse. […] Quit smoking. For smokers with COPD, the most important part of treatment is to stop smoking. […] Vaccinations Lung infections can cause serious problems for people with COPD. Respiratory disease vaccines can help prevent illness. These vaccines include: COVID-19. […] Flu (influenza). […] Pneumococcal.

• #7 COPD: A Guide to Prevention and Treatment

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/copd/guide/treatment/

  The best way to prevent COPD is to never start smoking, and if you do smoke, to quit. […] Smoking is responsible for up to 8 out of 10 COPD-related deaths, and 38 percent of U.S. adults diagnosed with COPD report current smoking. […] If you have trouble quitting smoking, talk to your doctor about smoking cessation programs and products that can help you. […] Long-term exposure to lung irritants including secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace can also put you at risk of developing COPD. […] Here are some tips to reduce your exposure to airborne irritants:

• #8 COPD – Prevention | NHLBI, NIH

  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/copd/prevention

  There is no routine screening for COPD. However, many people do not know they have COPD until they have serious symptoms. If you have risk factors for COPD, talk to your healthcare provider. […] The best way to prevent COPD is to quit smoking or, if you dont smoke, not to start. Also try to avoid lung irritants that can contribute to COPD, such as air pollution, chemical fumes, dust, and secondhand smoke. […] Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. If you smoke, talk with your provider about programs and products that can help you quit. […] Quitting smoking is the most important step you can take to help slow the progression of COPD. It can help you live longer, too. Talk with your provider about how best to quit. […] If you have trouble quitting smoking on your own, consider joining a support group. Many hospitals, workplaces, and community groups offer classes to help people quit smoking. Ask your family members and friends to support you in your efforts to quit. […] For free help and support to quit smoking, call the National Cancer Institutes Smoking Quitline at 1-877-44U-QUIT (1-877-448-7848).

• #9

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/treatment/

  There’s currently no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but treatment can help slow the progression of the condition and control the symptoms. […] Stopping smoking if you have COPD and you smoke, this is the most important thing you can do. […] If you smoke, stopping is the most effective way to prevent COPD getting worse. […] Although any damage done to your lungs and airways cannot be reversed, giving up smoking can help prevent further damage. […] This may be all the treatment that’s needed in the early stages of COPD, but it’s never too late to stop even people with more advanced COPD will benefit from quitting. […] Pulmonary rehabilitation is a specialised programme of exercise and education designed to help people with lung problems such as COPD. […] It can help improve how much exercise you’re able to do before you feel out of breath, as well as your symptoms, self-confidence and emotional wellbeing. […] Long-term oxygen treatment should be used for at least 15 hours a day. […] Do not smoke when using oxygen. The increased level of oxygen is highly flammable and a lit cigarette could cause a fire or explosion.

• #10 COPD – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an ongoing lung condition caused by damage to the lungs. […] The best way to prevent COPD is to never smoke. If you smoke and have COPD, stopping now can slow how fast the condition worsens. […] It’s critical to find a stop-smoking program that can help you quit for good. It’s your best chance for lessening damage to your lungs. […] Workplace exposure to chemical fumes, vapors and dusts is another risk factor for COPD. If you work with these types of lung irritants, talk with your supervisor about the best ways to protect yourself. This may include wearing equipment that prevents you from breathing in these substances. […] Quit smoking to help lower your risk of heart disease and lung cancer. […] Get an annual flu vaccination and vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia to lower your risk of or prevent some infections. Also talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional about when you need the COVID-19 vaccine and the RSV vaccine.

• #11 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – Prevention | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/7/prevention

  Avoidance of tobacco exposure (both active and passive measures) and toxic fumes are of invaluable importance in primary prevention of COPD. […] All smokers should be offered interventions aimed at smoking cessation, including pharmacotherapy and counseling. […] Although smoking cessation may be associated with minor short-term adverse effects such as weight gain and constipation, its long-term benefits are unquestionable. […] For disease due to occupational exposures, primary prevention is achieved by elimination or reduction of exposures in the workplace. […] Emerging evidence from observational studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that taking shielding measures during winter months (e.g., wearing face masks, reducing social contact, and regular handwashing) may have potential to reduce the risk of exacerbations in people with COPD.

• #12 Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/prevention-of-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/

  Smoking cessation using multiple approaches has the greatest potential for influencing the natural history of COPD. […] Long-term quitting success rates of up to 25% can be achieved when individual approaches to smoking cessation and legislative smoking bans are instituted. […] Various pharmacologic and behavioral approaches to smoking cessation are currently available. […] GOLD recommends influenza vaccinations for all patients with COPD. […] CDC recommends that individuals aged from 19 to 64 years should routinely receive PCV13 and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). […] Smoking cessation remains the most effective treatment to improve symptoms, alter disease progression, and reduce mortality in actively smoking patients with COPD. […] Primary prevention of adverse air pollution effects has been focused on developing ambient air quality guidelines; however, many countries have lacked in the enforcement of standards. […] Improving cooking fuels and kitchen ventilation could potentially be effective in decreasing COPD incidence in these conditions. […] However, although primary prevention remains fundamental for COPD and for all chronic diseases, the evidence of its feasibility and effectiveness remains weak.

• #12 Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/prevention-of-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/

  Governments could help prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by reducing smoking rates; for example, through tobacco sale restriction, increasing tobacco prices, reducing nicotine content, and banning smoking in public areas and workplaces. […] Smoking cessation in general, and in particular among patients with COPD, could be achieved through specific programs, including behavior modification and the use of nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline. […] Prevention and/or slowed COPD progression could be achieved by occupational exposure prevention; improved indoor/outdoor air quality; reduced cooking and heating pollutants; use of better stoves and chimneys, and alternative energy sources; and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. […] The most important preventive interventions are smoking cessation and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination.

• #13

  https://journals.lww.com/ijom/fulltext/2024/11280/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__lifestyle.9.aspx

  There is growing attention toward the influence of poor lifestyle choices like sedentary lifestyle, environmental exposure, and unhealthy dietary patterns on the increased risk of COPD development besides smoking. […] Vaccination in childhood can prevent the onset of COPD in adulthood who come under high-risk categories. […] Vaccination must be included as a part of treatment for newly diagnosed cases of COPD as early as possible. […] The most important tip for a COPD patient who smokes is to quit smoking immediately to protect the lungs for further deterioration and development of other smoke-related illnesses like cardiac diseases, hypertension, and stroke. […] A study on a South Korean man done in 2023 revealed that individuals who ceased smoking within 2 years following a COPD diagnosis experienced both reduced risks of all causes and mortality compared to those who continued smoking persistently.

• #13

  https://journals.lww.com/ijom/fulltext/2024/11280/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__lifestyle.9.aspx

  Engaging in regular physical exercise not only elevates energy level but also enhances their confidence. […] It is imperative to enhance the number of impactful, evidence-based strategies and interventions. This involves diminishing tobacco use and environmental pollution, addressing respiratory diseases early on, promoting vaccination program, and increasing awareness regarding nutrition knowledge and the consumption of nutritious foods.

• #14 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Screening for COPD, Tobacco Cessation Guidelines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297664-guidelines

  Additional recommendations include the following: Brief smoking cessation counseling should be offered to every patient that smokes at every contact with a health provider. […] The 2024 GOLD guidelines recommend the following nonpharmacological interventions for all patients with COPD: Smoking cessation is essential. Other environmental exposures should be minimized. […] In 2017, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) released joint guidelines on the prevention of COPD exacerbations with the following key recommendations: Treatment with an oral mucolytic agent to prevent future exacerbations in patients who have moderate or severe airflow obstruction and exacerbations despite optimal inhaled therapy. […] LAMA monotherapy is preferred over LABA monotherapy to prevent future exacerbations in patients with moderate or severe airflow obstruction and a history of one or more exacerbations during the previous year.

• #14 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Screening for COPD, Tobacco Cessation Guidelines

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297664-guidelines

  The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has released guidelines for COPD screening guidelines and tobacco cessation in adults. […] The 2024 GOLD guidelines recommend using spirometry to screen high-risk patients for COPD at the time they are undergoing lung cancer screening or when incidental lung abnormalities are found on lung imaging that are consistent with COPD such as emphysema, air trapping, airway wall thickening and mucus plugging. […] According to the USPSTF guidelines on tobacco cessation, clinicians should ask all adult patients about their use of tobacco products and provide behavioral and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved pharmacotherapy interventions to current users. […] The 2024 GOLD guidelines deems smoking cessation a „key intervention” for all COPD patients who smoke.

• #15 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/chronic/copd/fact_sheet.htm

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of serious lung diseases. COPD includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema and some types of asthma. In COPD, less air flows through the tubes (called airways) to and from the lungs, which makes it hard to breathe. Although there is no cure for COPD, it often can be prevented or managed. […] Do not smoke. If you smoke, quit. For help: Talk to your health care provider. Treatment, including medications, can double or triple your chances of quitting for good. […] Avoid exposure to air pollutants, including secondhand smoke. […] If you smoke, the most important thing you can do is quit. About 8 out of 10 deaths from COPD are caused by smoking. Quitting is hard for many people, and 39% of adults with COPD continue to smoke even after they are diagnosed.

• #16 COPD Causes and Risk Factors | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/what-causes-copd

  COPD is often referred to as a „smoker’s disease” however although smoking is one of the main risk factors for developing COPD, people who never smoke may also develop COPD. […] If you are concerned about developing COPD, you can take steps to reduce your risk. […] Quit smoking for good by finding support, programs, and resources through the American Lung Association. […] Avoid secondhand smoke exposure. […] Stay up to date with your COVID-19, flu, and pneumonia vaccinations. Vaccinations help protect you against respiratory viruses. […] If you are exposed to chemicals, dust and fumes through your workplace, use appropriate protective equipment and attend safety training. […] COPD is a progressive disease, and it can get worse overtime. If you have risk factors for COPD or are experiencing symptoms, do not wait to talk to your healthcare provider. The earlier you are diagnosed with COPD, the sooner treatment can begin.

• #17 How to Prevent COPD or Keep It from Getting Worse

  https://www.healthline.com/health/copd/how-to-prevent-copd

  In addition to direct (or firsthand) cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke can also damage your airways and increase your risk of developing COPD. […] Cigarette smoke is the most common cause of COPD, but inhaling other pollutants and lung irritants may also increase your risk. These include dust, chemicals, and air pollution, as well as cooking at home without proper ventilation. […] While no exercise program can prevent COPD, research shows that regular exercise can help your lung muscles work better while increasing your overall endurance. […] According to a 2019 clinical review, a healthy diet rich in antioxidants from plant-based foods may protect against COPD development. This type of diet may also improve your lung function and overall COPD outlook. […] A doctor will likely recommend that you do what you can to prevent exacerbations so that you can avoid disease progression and complications.

• #17 How to Prevent COPD or Keep It from Getting Worse

  https://www.healthline.com/health/copd/how-to-prevent-copd

  One of the best ways to prevent exacerbations is to stick to your current treatment plan as recommended by a doctor. […] Improving indoor air quality at home is just as critical as avoiding fumes and chemicals in the air at work. […] Breathing exercises, such as those learned in a pulmonary rehabilitation program, can help. […] Research suggests that body mass index (BMI) may predict overall COPD outlook. […] Certain nutritional supplements can help fill vitamin gaps in your diet and support your body from medication side effects. […] To help prevent these types of exacerbations, you may consider talking with a doctor about vaccinations against certain respiratory infections. […] In addition to getting up to date on your vaccinations, its important to avoid others who may be sick to help prevent disease transmission and subsequent infections. […] While theres no cure, its possible to prevent both the development and progression of this lung disease. Talk with a doctor about the best options for your COPD plan.

• #18 COPD Risk Factors and Prevention

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/copd/copd-risk-factors

  COPD prevention […] Not all cases of COPD will be preventable. However, if you experience modifiable COPD risk factors, you may be able to take some steps to lower your risk. […] These steps can include: quitting smoking if you smoke (and asking your doctor for help if you are trying to quit smoking), avoiding secondhand smoke, checking the air pollution levels before spending large amounts of time outside, wearing a respirator mask that is approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health when using chemicals, using industrial and household chemicals, such as cleaning chemicals, with the windows open and as per the label instructions, asking your workplace to improve ventilation and reduce industrial air pollution, keeping up to date with your vaccinations and making sure any children you care for get their vaccinations, washing your hands regularly and thoroughly with soap and water, wearing a mask around people with respiratory infections or avoiding prolonged time with them, getting regular check-ups if you have high exposure to smoke or other substances related to COPD, contacting a doctor for personal advice about your exposure and risk, following your doctor’s treatment plan and advice for your care, especially if you have conditions such as asthma.

• #18 COPD Risk Factors and Prevention

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/copd/copd-risk-factors

  The 2019 CDC study mentioned above also suggests that the risk of COPD was much lower after quitting smoking. […] Non-modifiable COPD risk factors cannot be changed. However, there may be some approaches to help you support your health if you experience non-modifiable factors. […] For example, being aware of a family history of COPD and your own risk can help you take further steps to address the risks you can modify. Additionally, medical treatments for asthma and structural lung differences may improve your lung health and reduce your risk of developing the condition.

• #19

  https://www.prevention.com/health/health-conditions/a34332068/what-is-copd/

  The number one way to prevent COPD is to never smoke or to stop smoking. […] If your job puts you in contact with pollutants, chemicals, and/or fumes that may damage the lungs, talk to your supervisor. They can advise you on protective gear to wear and other ways to reduce your exposure.

• #20 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – Causes & Prevention | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-causes-prevention

  COPD is caused by a combination of various risk factors, the most significant of which are: […] The best way to prevent the symptoms of COPD is to avoid smoking as much as possible. This is the single most effective way to reduce the risk of developing the disease. Quitting smoking can also help slow the progression of the disease in people who already have COPD. […] Another way to prevent COPD is to control exposure to poor air quality. This can be done by staying indoors on days when the air quality index is poor, using air filters in the home, and avoiding outdoor activities in areas with high levels of smog. […] A good diet for COPD includes foods that are high in nutrients and antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables. These foods can help to improve lung function and overall health.

• #21 Prevent and Recover from a COPD Exacerbation or Flare Up | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/living-with-copd/prevent-flare-ups

  People living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have compromised lungs. That is why it is important to reduce your exposure to anything that can make your COPD worsen. […] A COPD trigger is a thing, activity or condition that makes your COPD worse. Understanding which triggers make your COPD worse, then creating a plan to reduce or avoid these triggers are an important step toward COPD control. You can work with your healthcare provider to recognize, reduce or avoid these triggers. […] Each person may have different triggers. Your COPD management plan should include the COPD triggers that you should avoid. […] Respiratory Infections, such as a cold, flu or sinus infection, are the most common causes of triggering increased COPD symptoms and may lead to a COPD flare-up or exacerbation. Some ways to protect yourself include washing your hands often and avoiding people who are sick. You may also consider avoiding large groups or wearing a mask if you are around large crowds of people. The best way to prevent influenza is to get a flu vaccine every year. You can also protect yourself by getting vaccinated against other infectious respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and pneumonia. Talk to your family and those around you to do the same.

• #22 COPD: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8709-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  The best way to prevent COPD is to avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and other pollutants that can damage your lungs. […] You can reduce your risk of infections by: […] Getting all of your recommended vaccinations, including flu, pneumococcal pneumonia and COVID-19. […] Washing your hands frequently. […] Disinfecting surfaces. […] Wearing a mask around others if your provider recommends it. […] Avoiding crowded places, especially during cold and flu season and when cases of COVID are high.

• #23 Patient education: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatments (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-treatments-beyond-the-basics

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (often called „COPD”) is a condition in which the airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrowed (chronic bronchitis) and the air sacs become damaged (emphysema). […] The first and most important part of any treatment plan for COPD is to stop smoking. This is true regardless of how advanced your disease is. Stopping smoking can help slow progression of COPD, no matter how long you have had it. […] Getting all of your recommended vaccines is an important part of managing your COPD. This includes: Pneumococcal vaccine – This vaccine helps prevent one of the most common causes of pneumonia; two types of vaccine are available. […] You should get the flu vaccine every year before flu season (generally in the fall or early winter in the northern hemisphere).

• #23 Patient education: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatments (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-treatments-beyond-the-basics

  If you do get sick with an infection, your health care provider may prescribe medication. […] Seeing your health care provider regularly is an important part of managing your COPD. […] Quitting smoking (if you smoke) is the most important. […] People with severe or advanced COPD can have low oxygen levels in the blood. […] Supplemental oxygen must never be used while smoking. […] Endobronchial valves (EBVs) are small devices that are implanted in the airways using a bronchoscope. […] Surgery, such as lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplantation, may be helpful in reducing symptoms in some people with advanced emphysema. […] If you have COPD, it’s especially important to take measures to avoid getting sick. This includes COVID-19 vaccination, which is one of your best protections from contracting the virus. […] Your provider can help you lose weight safely if this is a concern.

• #24

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not curable but symptoms can improve if one avoids smoking and exposure to air pollution and gets vaccines to prevent infections. […] COPD isn’t curable, but it can get better by not smoking, avoiding air pollution and getting vaccines. […] Quit smoking or vaping. This is the most important thing to do. Even if you have been smoking for many years, quitting can still help. […] Protect yourself from lung infections: Get a flu vaccine every year. Get the pneumonia vaccine. Get all available COVID-19 vaccines and make sure you have had the latest boosters. […] Reducing tobacco smoke exposure is important for both primary prevention of COPD and disease management.

• #25 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – Pulmonary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-and-related-disorders/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  Cigarette smoking in susceptible people is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the developed world. […] Immunization against influenza, pneumococcus, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus ([RSV] in patients age 60 years) should also be done as a preventive measure.

• #26 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – Management Approach | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/7/management-approach

  Vaccination against influenza is associated with fewer exacerbations of COPD. […] Prophylactic antibiotics, such as macrolides, may be considered for reducing the risk of acute exacerbation, particularly in patients who have frequent exacerbations and are refractory to standard therapy. […] Physical activity is recommended for all patients with COPD. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) has specified a minimum set of interventions for the management of stable COPD in primary care.

• #27 COPD: Stages, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/copd

  COPD is a disease that damages your lungs over time. […] Treatment can help symptoms and slow disease progression. […] Untreated COPD can lead to a faster progression of the disease, heart problems, and worsening respiratory infections. […] Treatment can ease symptoms, prevent complications, and generally slow disease progression. […] To lower the risk of other respiratory infections, your doctor may recommend certain vaccines, including: a yearly flu shot, a COVID-19 vaccine booster, the pneumococcal vaccine, a tetanus booster that includes protection from pertussis (whooping cough). […] If your blood oxygen level is too low, you can receive supplemental oxygen through a mask or nasal cannula to help you breathe better. […] COPD requires lifelong management. […] Since your lungs are weaker, you’ll want to avoid anything that might overtax them or cause a flare-up.

• #27 COPD: Stages, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/copd

  If you’re having trouble quitting, speak with your doctor about smoking cessation programs. […] A little exercise each day can support your overall health and your heart and lung function. […] Avoiding highly processed foods high in calories and salt but low in nutrients may help support your health. […] Having COPD doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll get lung cancer. However, it does mean that you have a higher risk. […] Your healthcare team may include a lung specialist (pulmonologist) and physical and respiratory therapists.

• #28 Lifestyle Changes for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/treatments/lifestyle-changes-for-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease

  Your NYU Langone physician may recommend making several lifestyle changes to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, from worsening, regardless of the severity of the condition. […] The most common cause of COPD is smoking. By quitting smoking, you improve your oxygen intake and breathing, which can become compromised with the condition. […] You can protect your lungs from further damage by avoiding infections like pneumonia and influenza. The best way to do that is to get a flu shot during cold and flu season, as well as the pneumococcal vaccine. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with COPD and are frequently exposed to lung irritants at work, such as dust and chemical fumes, talk to your supervisor about making changes to your work environment, such as wearing a protective mask while working.

• #28 Lifestyle Changes for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/treatments/lifestyle-changes-for-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease

  Exercise helps strengthen muscles and improve endurance. It also trains the body to use oxygen more efficiently, and can reduce shortness of breath during everyday activities. Gentle exercises like gardening, golfing, and slow walks are ideal because they don’t overexert the lungs. […] If you’re overweight, weight loss can improve symptoms of COPD, such as shortness of breath. Our doctors understand that weight loss is not easy, especially if COPD restricts your ability to exercise.

• #29 Drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – Australian Prescriber

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/drugs-for-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease.html

  Pulmonary rehabilitation is a crucial intervention to maximise exercise capacity and quality of life. […] Maintenance of physical activity is very important for sustaining the benefit and is probably a bigger challenge for many patients than an eight-week course of pulmonary rehabilitation alone. […] It is important for these patients to have pneumococcal and influenza immunisation, but reductions in exacerbation rates have only been shown for influenza. […] The diagnosis is confirmed by finding an FEV1 under 80% of the predicted value and an FEV1 /FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio less than 0.7, in a patient with a consistent history of smoking or dust and fume exposure. […] The impression of COPD as a disease with a bleak outlook and minimal benefit from treatments, is no longer appropriate. Major advances in drug therapy and a recognition of the importance of non-drug interventions have dramatically improved the patients quality of life, symptom severity and exacerbation frequency.

• #29 Drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – Australian Prescriber

  https://australianprescriber.tg.org.au/articles/drugs-for-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease.html

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a complex disease, with both pulmonary and systemic manifestations. There is an increased risk of serious comorbidity and mortality. […] Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is most often progressive, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions significantly ameliorate the severity and impact of symptoms, and reduce the frequency of exacerbations. […] Stopping smoking and pulmonary rehabilitation are key interventions. […] Non-drug interventions are as important as pharmacotherapy in maximising quality of life and minimising the impact of symptoms, risk of exacerbations, and loss of functional capacity. […] The most important intervention is smoking cessation as it improves the quality of life, reduces the risk of declining lung function and reduces mortality.

• #30 Lung conditions – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/lung-conditions-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  oxygen therapy is prescribed for many people with chronic lung disease who have low blood oxygen levels. […] treatment for chest infections such as antibiotics to treat existing infections, and pneumonia and flu vaccinations to reduce the risk of infections in the future. […] pulmonary rehabilitation these programs consist of an individual assessment followed by supervised exercise training and education. […] ongoing monitoring a person with COPD needs regular medical check-ups. […] If you have COPD it can help to make a number of important lifestyle changes, including: quitting smoking techniques can include cold turkey, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy and medications that work on brain receptors. […] being as physically active as possible. […] following a COPD action plan […] eating a healthy diet […] making adjustments to your lifestyle and home environment to ensure plenty of rest […] keeping adequately hydrated to help keep the mucus in your lungs runny and easier to cough up […] avoiding smoky or dusty environments.

• #30 Lung conditions – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/lung-conditions-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the collective term for a number of lung diseases that prevent proper breathing. […] Cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for COPD. […] There is no cure for COPD, but disease management can slow disease progression, relieve symptoms and keep you out of hospital. […] Treatment aims to prevent further damage, reduce the risk of complications and ease some of the symptoms. […] There are things you can do to slow progress of the disease, improve your symptoms, stay out of hospital and live longer. […] Treatment may include: bronchodilator medication to open the airways. […] corticosteroids medication to reduce inflammation and swelling of lung tissue. […] expectorants medication to loosen the phlegm and make it easier to cough up.

• #31 Antibiotic Prophylaxis for COPD Exacerbations | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0415/p527.html

  Are prophylactic antibiotics effective in reducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations? […] Prophylactic antibiotics may be used to reduce the overall rate of COPD exacerbations and delay their onset. (Strength of Recommendation: A, based on a high-quality systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs].) However, the appropriate antibiotic regimen and target population are unclear. […] A 2014 joint statement from the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society states that it is not clear which patients benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis for COPD exacerbations, and that the optimal dosing strategy and duration of use are unknown. Macrolides are recommended for use on a case-by-case basis after considering the risk vs. benefits for each patient.

• #32 Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for people with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD013024/AIRWAYS_prophylactic-antibiotic-therapy-people-chronic-obstructive-lung-disease-copd

  Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for people with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) […] We wanted to know whether one preventative antibiotic was better than another preventative antibiotic in reducing exacerbations, and improving quality of life for people with COPD. […] Overall, we were unable to determine any difference between one antibiotic compared with each other in improving the main outcomes we measured. […] We were unclear whether one antibiotic was better or worse than another in terms of reducing exacerbations or improving quality of life. […] It is not clear from the evidence included in this review whether there is a difference in efficacy or safety between different classes or regimens of prophylactic antibiotic, given for 12 to 13 weeks to people with COPD. […] Long-term antibiotic use may reduce both bacterial load and inflammation in the airways.

• #32 Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for people with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD013024/AIRWAYS_prophylactic-antibiotic-therapy-people-chronic-obstructive-lung-disease-copd

  Studies have shown a reduction of exacerbations with antibiotics in comparison to placebo in people with COPD, but there are concerns about antibiotic resistance and safety. […] The primary outcome measures for this review included exacerbations, quality of life, drug resistance and serious adverse events. […] We did not find head-to-head evidence for impact of antibiotics on drug resistance.

• #33 Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with COPD | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0601/od1.html

  Study Population: Patients older than 40 years with spirometry-proven diagnosis of moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) […] Prophylactic antibiotics were routinely administered for cases of chronic bronchitis 30 years ago, but this practice declined amid concern for antibiotic resistance without evidence of efficacy. […] The number needed to treat to prevent one exacerbation of COPD was 8. The effect was evident only when patients received antibiotics at least three times weekly. […] This research fails to determine whether the modest potential benefits of prophylaxis outweigh the risk of resistance. Antibiotic prophylaxis is proposed to work by decreasing bacterial colonization, but slow-multiplying bacteria, such as those found in biofilms, are profoundly tolerant to antibiotics.

• #34 A Review of the 2019 GOLD Guidelines for COPD

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/a-review-of-the-2019-gold-guidelines-for-copd

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) develops over time as the small airways become inflamed due to the inhalation of cigarette smoke or other noxious particles. […] Identification and reduction of exposure to risk factors, such as cigarette smoke, air pollutants, and occupational fumes, are also important in treatment and prevention of COPD. […] Preventive measures recommended by the 2019 GOLD guidelines include vaccinations and smoking cessation. The yearly influenza vaccine and the PPSV23 and PCV13 pneumococcal vaccines are recommended in all patients with COPD. […] Smoking cessation has the greatest ability to influence COPD disease progression. […] Other strategies to manage COPD include the pneumococcal vaccine, yearly influenza vaccine, and smoking cessation. COPD inhaler therapy should be individualized based on cost, patients preference, and their COPD classification.

• #35 Roflumilast Role in the Prevention of Acute Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review – touchRESPIRATORY

  https://touchrespiratory.com/copd/journal-articles/roflumilast-role-in-the-prevention-of-acute-exacerbation-in-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-a-narrative-review/

  Acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). […] This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the available efficacy data of roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4) inhibitor, in preventing COPD. […] Current guidelines recommend the use of roflumilast in patients with severe COPD with frequent flare-ups and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) 50% of predicted, with the aim of reducing the rate of exacerbations. […] The primary objective of this review was to assess the efficacy of roflumilast on respiratory function and possible reduction of AECOPD versus placebo. […] The other major finding highlighted by this review is the effect of roflumilast on the AECOPD rate compared with placebo, with a minimum of -14% to a maximum of -39%.

• #36 Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – Janson – Journal of Thoracic Disease

  https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/36906/html

  Treatment with ICS together with LABA or LABA/LAMA reduces the risk of exacerbations in COPD. […] The indication of using ICS in COPD is stronger if the patient has increased blood eosinophils levels. […] There are data indicating that the choice of ICS matters, with studies showing a better effect-safety profile with budesonide compared to fluticasone propionate whereas it is not possible to make benefit-risk comparisons between the other licensed ICSs. […] Using ICS in combination with LABA and LABA/LAMA have clinical important beneficial effects and negative side effects. […] Factors that support using ICS are repeated exacerbations, B-Eos 0.3109/L and concomitant asthma, whereas repeated pneumonia, history of mycobacterial infections and B-Eos 0.1109/L support avoiding to use ICS.

• #37 COPD | Chronic Disease Indicators | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cdi/indicator-definitions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease.html

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is 1 of the top 10 causes of death in the United States. […] COPD prevents airflow to the lungs, causing breathing problems. […] There is no cure for COPD, but it can be managed and treated. […] Public health professionals and others can help build awareness of COPD and support prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies. […] Although there is no cure for COPD, it can be treated and managed to slow declining lung function, improve exercise tolerance, and prevent and treat exacerbations. […] Elimination of tobacco use or exposure may be the most effective way to reduce COPD because almost 80% of COPD deaths are attributable to smoking. […] Smoking cessation is key to the prevention and management of COPD. […] Early diagnosis and effective management and treatment can help to reduce the risk of premature mortality. […] Early diagnosis and effective management and treatment of COPD and its comorbidities can help to reduce the risk of premature mortality.

• #38 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/data/health/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd

  Avoid respiratory infections, tobacco smoke, and home and workplace air pollutants to prevent developing COPD. […] Early detection of COPD can improve health outcomes and quality of life. […] A simple test, called spirometry, can be used to measure pulmonary or lung function and detect COPD in anyone with breathing problems.

• #39 COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): Overview

  https://patient.info/chest-lungs/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-leaflet

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and preventable condition. […] The most important treatment is to stop smoking. […] Stopping smoking is the most important treatment. […] If you stop smoking in the early stages of COPD it will make a huge difference. […] However, stopping smoking can slow the progression of the disease, so that it does not get worse or does so more gradually. […] Two immunisations are advised. […] A yearly 'flu jab’ each autumn protects against possible influenza and any chest infection that may develop due to this. […] Immunisation against pneumococcus (a germ that can cause serious chest infections). […] Studies have shown that people with COPD who exercise regularly tend to improve their breathing, ease symptoms and have a better quality of life. […] Regular review allows monitoring of the severity of your COPD, and gives an opportunity for health promotion such as help with stopping smoking or weight control.

• #40 COPD Flare-Ups: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/what-is-a-copd-flare-up

  Tips to Prevent Flare-Ups […] Because infections or other triggers that irritate your lungs generally cause flare-ups, you need to protect yourself against things like that. […] Start with your lifestyle, because a healthier body has the best chance to fight off germs. Eat nutritious food. Exercise. Get plenty of sleep. […] Wash your hands often. They pick up germs from things you touch. Try not to touch your eyes, nose, or mouth, because that can help germs get into your body. […] Get a flu shot every year. Also, ask your doctor about a shot to protect against pneumonia. […] Show up for all of your medical appointments. Do that even if you feel OK. […] Stay away from crowds when you can. That’s especially important during cold and flu season. […] Avoid secondhand smoke. And if you smoke — the cause behind many cases of COPD — ask your doctor for help in quitting. […] Be prepared. Ask your doctor to help you work out an action plan to guide you. […] Flare-ups are a leading cause of disability in people with COPD. But if you take the right precautions, you can go on about your business.

• #41 What Is COPD Exacerbation and How To Prevent It

  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/copd-exacerbation

  Using your inhalers as directed reduces your risk of COPD flare-ups. […] 4. Get active […] Exercise can improve your strength and energy and ease COPD symptoms. […] 5. Manage other health conditions […] Talk to your healthcare provider about steps you can take to manage these related health conditions. […] 6. Eat a healthy diet […] Eating a balanced diet can give you the energy and nutrients you need to be as healthy as possible.

• #42 COPD: Risks, symptoms, prevention – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/copd-risks-symptoms-and-prevention

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a collection of serious lung diseases that obstructs airflow from the lungs and causes breathing issues. […] Understanding the risks, symptoms and effective prevention methods of COPD can help your long-term health. […] The greatest risk for developing COPD is smoking cigarettes. […] In order to prevent COPD and associated issues, individuals need to protect their lungs. Don’t smoke. Avoid coming into contact with chemical fumes and pollutants. And protect yourself from respiratory illnesses by making healthy lifestyle choices. The earlier COPD is detected, the better the potential outcome. So, be sure to talk with your health care team if you have signs, symptoms or concerns.

• #43 Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – www.westernhealth.com

  https://www.westernhealth.com/provider/quality-and-safety/secure/hedis-performance-measurement/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/

  According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), COPD is leading cause of both disability and death in the United States. As of 2018 16.4 million Americans have been diagnosed with COPD, along with millions more who may have the disease without even knowing they have it. […] Given the above factors, WHA’s quality improvement activities for COPD include: […] Increasing members’ awareness and knowledge about the prevention and management of COPD. November is National COPD Awareness month, and the NHLBI COPD Learn More Breathe Better campaign resources are available online. […] Increasing primary care providers’ knowledge of and access to current Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs), as they have a key role in the diagnosis and management of COPD. Practitioners can find the GOLD “Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” (2017) CPGs at mywha.org/CPGs.

• #44 COPD Prevention

  https://www.northwestfamilyclinics.com/blog/copd-prevention

  COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar [air sac] abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases according to the World Health Organization (WHO). […] Most often, COPD is caused by smoking and inhaling irritating chemicals. […] Because of this, we strongly recommend quitting smoking today. […] First, if you are a smoker, you need to quit. This is the most important step in treatment because it helps slow the progression and worsening of the disease. […] Whether you are experiencing health issues or not, today is the day to stop smoking. Make your life and health a priority, and stop.

• #45 Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32800198/

  Governments could help prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by reducing smoking rates; for example, through tobacco sale restriction, increasing tobacco prices, reducing nicotine content, and banning smoking in public areas and workplaces. […] Smoking cessation in general, and in particular among patients with COPD, could be achieved through specific programs, including behavior modification and the use of nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or varenicline. […] Prevention and/or slowed COPD progression could be achieved by occupational exposure prevention; improved indoor/outdoor air quality; reduced cooking and heating pollutants; use of better stoves and chimneys, and alternative energy sources; and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination.

• #46 Recommendation: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening

  Do not screen asymptomatic adults for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) […] Clinicians can help reduce patients risk for COPD by supporting them in not starting to smoke and helping them quit if they do. […] Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. […] Prevention of exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic fumes is the best way to prevent COPD. […] Interventions to prevent the initiation of tobacco use are an effective way to prevent exposure to cigarette smoke. […] Current smokers (regardless of whether COPD is diagnosed) should receive smoking cessation counseling and be offered behavioral and pharmacologic therapies to stop smoking. […] The USPSTF recommends that clinicians ask all adults, including pregnant persons, about tobacco use, advise them to stop using tobacco, and provide interventions for cessation for those who use tobacco. […] The USPSTF also recommends that clinicians provide interventions, including education or brief counseling, to prevent initiation of tobacco use among school-aged children and adolescents.

• #47 WHO EMRO | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Health topics

  https://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/index.html

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a life-threatening lung disease that interferes with normal breathing it is more than a smokers cough. […] Almost 90% of COPD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where effective strategies for prevention and control are not always implemented or accessible. […] GARD focuses specifically on the needs of low- and middle-income countries and vulnerable populations. […] Prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases in low- and middle-income African countries. […] Plan of action for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. […] Package of essential noncommunicable (PEN) disease interventions for primary health care in low-resource settings, 3 August 2010.

• #48 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/tools-action/browse-evidence-based-resources/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening

  The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults who dont recognize or report respiratory symptoms. […] This USPSTF recommendation doesnt apply to populations at very high risk for COPD, such as: […] Reduce deaths from COPD in adults.

• #49 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 Guidelines Reviewed

  https://openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com/VOLUME/18/ELOCATOR/e18743064279064/FULLTEXT/

  The important objective of the GOLD is to raise awareness about the impact of COPD and assist in its prevention and management across the globe. […] The GOLD report, which was initially released in 2001, offers scientifically backed guidance on COPD diagnosis, stable disease management, handling of exacerbations, and comorbidities. […] Healthcare professionals following GOLD recommendations may improve COPD outcomes and reduce resource utilization. […] GOLD 2023 expands on screening recommendations. The presence of risk factors, such as more than 20 pack years of smoking, developmental issues with lungs, recurrent respiratory infections, or Symptoms indicative of COPD should undergo screening spirometry. […] The 2023 GOLD report was awaited with enthusiasm in anticipation of some paradigm-shifting changes. We believe this report contains some important changes that are relevant not only for pulmonologists but also for general medical practitioners. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment have been kept at the center of this revised version. Heterogeneity and etiotypes in COPD, the definition of subtypes, the new ABE assessment tool, renewal of continued interest in COPD education and rehabilitation, advanced bronchoscopy interventions, and implications of COVID-19 in COPD patients in the past few years are some of the salient features that make this report important.

• #50 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Program | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/lung/patient-care/programs/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease

  One of the worlds most respected research and treatment centers for COPD, Temples comprehensive COPD Program has a decades-long history of offering innovative treatments for patients who may have been told they have run out of options. […] Over the years, the Lung Center has made great strides in overcoming the burden of this disease by: […] Setting the standard for COPD prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management through its involvement in the development of The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. […] Temple additionally provides a variety of educational events, smoking cessation assistance and support groups. These resources support patients emotional health, along with helping them better understand their disease, treatment options and prognosis. […] The Lung Center is a leading center for COPD research and is involved in a high volume of clinical trials that are studying new medications, devices and techniques designed to treat COPD.

• #51 Antimicrobial therapies for prevention of recurrent acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD): beyond the guidelines | Respiratory Research | Full Text

  https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-022-01947-5

  The role of the respiratory microbiome in exacerbations of COPD is an important consideration given the morbidity and mortality associated with repeated exacerbations. […] The GOLD guidelines recommend the addition of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (provided no contraindications exist) as a thrice weekly or daily prophylactic treatment in addition to standard pharmacological management. […] Our literature enquiry has demonstrated a paucity of well-conducted studies on alternative therapies in this setting. […] However, there are a number of approaches that may herald positive benefit for this patient population; clinical phenotyping which encompasses multimorbidity, identification and optimal management of co-existing conditions such as BE, GORD, OSA, rhinosinusitis and aspiration events, evaluation of lung and gut microbiome during exacerbations and stable state to guide antimicrobial therapies and appropriate stewardship and future development of anti-viral treatments particularly against rhinoviruses groups.

• #52 COPD Prevention: Lifestyle Changes | WellMed

  https://www.wellmedhealthcare.com/copd-is-preventable-and-treatable/

  COPD is preventable and treatable. […] According to Dr. Manuel Jain, though not curable, COPD is common, preventable and treatable. […] The most important factor in preventing and treating COPD is to stop smoking immediately and if you’ve never smoked, do not start. […] COPD treatment can include the following: Medicines, Pulmonary rehabilitation, which teaches patients how to manage symptoms, Vaccinations for illnesses that can affect the lungs, such as flu, pneumonia and COVID, Portable oxygen tank. […] Importantly, the prognosis is good for most COPD patients once they are diagnosed and begin treatment.

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