Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What Is Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)?

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid

  Can You Prevent Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)? […] Since its a genetic condition thats often passed down from other family members, theres no way to prevent CVID. […] But because youre more prone to infections due to a weaker immune system, it’s important to maintain good hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly, to avoid germs. Getting an early diagnosis can also help you get the right therapy to keep CVID symptoms in check.

• #2 Primary immunodeficiency – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-immunodeficiency/symptoms-causes/syc-20376905

  Because primary immune disorders are caused by genetic changes, there’s no way to prevent them. But when you or your child has a weakened immune system, you can take steps to prevent infections: […] Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands with mild soap after using the toilet and before eating. […] Take care of your teeth. Brush your teeth at least twice a day. […] Eat right. A healthy, balanced diet can help prevent infections. […] Be physically active. Staying fit is important to your overall health. Ask your doctor what activities are appropriate for you. […] Get enough sleep. Try to go to sleep and get up at the same time daily, and get the same number of hours of sleep every night. […] Manage stress. Some studies suggest that stress can hamper your immune system. Keep stress in check with massage, meditation, yoga, biofeedback or hobbies. Find what works for you. […] Avoid exposure. Stay away from people with colds or other infections and avoid crowds. […] Ask your doctor about vaccinations. Find out which ones you should have.

• #3 Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Children

  https://phoenixchildrens.staywellsolutionsonline.com/library/90,P01680

  CVID is a lifelong health problem that can lead to a reduced ability to fight infections. […] It’s important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection. Stay away from others who are sick. Have your child wash their hands often with soap and water. […] It is also important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection and wash their hands often with soap and water.

• #4 Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Infections: How to Prevent and Manage Them

  https://www.darwynhealth.com/immune-disorders-and-management/immune-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid/common-variable-immunodeficiency-and-infections-how-to-prevent-and-manage-them/?lang=en

  Individuals with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) are more susceptible to infections due to their weakened immune system. However, there are several preventive measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of infections and create a safe environment for CVID patients. […] Ensuring that CVID patients receive all recommended vaccinations is crucial. This includes routine childhood vaccines as well as additional vaccines specifically recommended for immunocompromised individuals. Vaccines such as influenza, pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccines can help prevent common infections. […] Proper hand hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of infections. CVID patients and their caregivers should wash their hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, alcohol-based hand sanitizers can be used.

• #5 Primary immunodeficiency – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-immunodeficiency/symptoms-causes/syc-20376905

  Because primary immune disorders are caused by genetic changes, there’s no way to prevent them. But when you or your child has a weakened immune system, you can take steps to prevent infections: […] Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands with mild soap after using the toilet and before eating. […] Take care of your teeth. Brush your teeth at least twice a day. […] Eat right. A healthy, balanced diet can help prevent infections. […] Be physically active. Staying fit is important to your overall health. Ask your doctor what activities are appropriate for you. […] Get enough sleep. Try to go to sleep and get up at the same time daily, and get the same number of hours of sleep every night. […] Manage stress. Some studies suggest that stress can hamper your immune system. Keep stress in check with massage, meditation, yoga, biofeedback or hobbies. Find what works for you. […] Avoid exposure. Stay away from people with colds or other infections and avoid crowds. […] Ask your doctor about vaccinations. Find out which ones you should have.

• #6 Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Infections: How to Prevent and Manage Them

  https://www.darwynhealth.com/immune-disorders-and-management/immune-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid/common-variable-immunodeficiency-and-infections-how-to-prevent-and-manage-them/?lang=en

  CVID patients should avoid close contact with individuals who have contagious illnesses, such as colds, flu, or other respiratory infections. It is important to educate family members, friends, and caregivers about the risks and precautions to be taken. […] Keeping the living environment clean and free from potential sources of infection is crucial. Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and countertops, can help reduce the risk of infections. […] Maintaining a healthy diet is important for individuals with CVID. A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help support the immune system and overall health. […] Regular medical check-ups are essential for individuals with CVID. These check-ups allow healthcare professionals to monitor the patient’s condition, provide necessary treatments, and detect any potential infections at an early stage.

• #7 Primary immunodeficiency – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-immunodeficiency/symptoms-causes/syc-20376905

  Because primary immune disorders are caused by genetic changes, there’s no way to prevent them. But when you or your child has a weakened immune system, you can take steps to prevent infections: […] Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands with mild soap after using the toilet and before eating. […] Take care of your teeth. Brush your teeth at least twice a day. […] Eat right. A healthy, balanced diet can help prevent infections. […] Be physically active. Staying fit is important to your overall health. Ask your doctor what activities are appropriate for you. […] Get enough sleep. Try to go to sleep and get up at the same time daily, and get the same number of hours of sleep every night. […] Manage stress. Some studies suggest that stress can hamper your immune system. Keep stress in check with massage, meditation, yoga, biofeedback or hobbies. Find what works for you. […] Avoid exposure. Stay away from people with colds or other infections and avoid crowds. […] Ask your doctor about vaccinations. Find out which ones you should have.

• #8 Primary immunodeficiency – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-immunodeficiency/symptoms-causes/syc-20376905

  Because primary immune disorders are caused by genetic changes, there’s no way to prevent them. But when you or your child has a weakened immune system, you can take steps to prevent infections: […] Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands with mild soap after using the toilet and before eating. […] Take care of your teeth. Brush your teeth at least twice a day. […] Eat right. A healthy, balanced diet can help prevent infections. […] Be physically active. Staying fit is important to your overall health. Ask your doctor what activities are appropriate for you. […] Get enough sleep. Try to go to sleep and get up at the same time daily, and get the same number of hours of sleep every night. […] Manage stress. Some studies suggest that stress can hamper your immune system. Keep stress in check with massage, meditation, yoga, biofeedback or hobbies. Find what works for you. […] Avoid exposure. Stay away from people with colds or other infections and avoid crowds. […] Ask your doctor about vaccinations. Find out which ones you should have.

• #9 Immunodeficiency Disorders: Symptoms, Types, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/immunodeficiency-disorders

  Primary immunodeficiency disorders can be managed and treated, but they cant be prevented. […] The risk of developing secondary disorders can sometimes be lowered through lifestyle choices. For example, its possible to lower your risk of developing type 2 diabetes by eating a nutritious diet and getting adequate physical activity. […] Sleep is very important for a healthy immune system. According to the CDC, prolonged sleep loss may not only lead to a variety of chronic conditions, it may also weaken your bodys ability to fight off infections.

• #10 Primary immunodeficiency – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/primary-immunodeficiency/symptoms-causes/syc-20376905

  Because primary immune disorders are caused by genetic changes, there’s no way to prevent them. But when you or your child has a weakened immune system, you can take steps to prevent infections: […] Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands with mild soap after using the toilet and before eating. […] Take care of your teeth. Brush your teeth at least twice a day. […] Eat right. A healthy, balanced diet can help prevent infections. […] Be physically active. Staying fit is important to your overall health. Ask your doctor what activities are appropriate for you. […] Get enough sleep. Try to go to sleep and get up at the same time daily, and get the same number of hours of sleep every night. […] Manage stress. Some studies suggest that stress can hamper your immune system. Keep stress in check with massage, meditation, yoga, biofeedback or hobbies. Find what works for you. […] Avoid exposure. Stay away from people with colds or other infections and avoid crowds. […] Ask your doctor about vaccinations. Find out which ones you should have.

• #11 Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Infections: How to Prevent and Manage Them

  https://www.darwynhealth.com/immune-disorders-and-management/immune-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid/common-variable-immunodeficiency-and-infections-how-to-prevent-and-manage-them/?lang=en

  CVID patients should avoid close contact with individuals who have contagious illnesses, such as colds, flu, or other respiratory infections. It is important to educate family members, friends, and caregivers about the risks and precautions to be taken. […] Keeping the living environment clean and free from potential sources of infection is crucial. Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and countertops, can help reduce the risk of infections. […] Maintaining a healthy diet is important for individuals with CVID. A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help support the immune system and overall health. […] Regular medical check-ups are essential for individuals with CVID. These check-ups allow healthcare professionals to monitor the patient’s condition, provide necessary treatments, and detect any potential infections at an early stage.

• #12 Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Children

  https://myhealth.umassmemorial.org/YourFamily/Children/90,P01680

  CVID is a lifelong health problem that can lead to a reduced ability to fight infections. The current therapies can reduce the number and severity of infections. It’s important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection. Stay away from others who are sick. Have your child wash their hands often with soap and water. […] It is also important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection and wash their hands often with soap and water.

• #13 Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Infections: How to Prevent and Manage Them

  https://www.darwynhealth.com/immune-disorders-and-management/immune-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid/common-variable-immunodeficiency-and-infections-how-to-prevent-and-manage-them/?lang=en

  CVID patients should avoid close contact with individuals who have contagious illnesses, such as colds, flu, or other respiratory infections. It is important to educate family members, friends, and caregivers about the risks and precautions to be taken. […] Keeping the living environment clean and free from potential sources of infection is crucial. Regular cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and countertops, can help reduce the risk of infections. […] Maintaining a healthy diet is important for individuals with CVID. A well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help support the immune system and overall health. […] Regular medical check-ups are essential for individuals with CVID. These check-ups allow healthcare professionals to monitor the patient’s condition, provide necessary treatments, and detect any potential infections at an early stage.

• #14 Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1051103-overview

  The mainstay of treatment for CVID is immunoglobulin replacement therapy, which reduces arthritic symptoms, infection recurrence, and the severity and/or incidence of the autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin may be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. […] Other major factors in determining the prognosis is the extent of end-organ damage and the success of prophylaxis against future infections. […] Patients and their families should be educated about the early signs of infection so that aggressive treatment is not delayed.

• #15 A Review on Guidelines for Management and Treatment of Common Variable Immunodeficiency

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/804767

  Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in adults. […] The most satisfactory treatments of CVID could be achieved by the use of immunoglobulin replacement, antibiotics, immunosuppressants and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. […] Over the last few years, advances have been made in the management of CVID, improving outcomes in the patients; these include Ig replacement, antibiotics for treatment and prevention of infections and appropriate therapy for noninfectious complications. […] IgG replacement is the mainstay of treatment of CVID and it has been shown that long-term Ig replacement therapy for CVID has reduced the rate of infections and their long-term complications.

• #16 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Cause & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21143-common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid

  CVID can be managed with replacement immunoglobulin therapy (RIgG). This provides your body with antibodies that it cant make on its own. This can either be: […] Replacement therapy isnt a cure for CVID you’ll need to be on this treatment for the rest of your life. Your provider may also give you antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections or to treat them at the first sign of infection. […] You should avoid getting vaccinations unless your provider recommends them. Live vaccinations can be dangerous for people with CVID.

• #17 Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1051103-overview

  The mainstay of treatment for CVID is immunoglobulin replacement therapy, which reduces arthritic symptoms, infection recurrence, and the severity and/or incidence of the autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin may be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. […] Other major factors in determining the prognosis is the extent of end-organ damage and the success of prophylaxis against future infections. […] Patients and their families should be educated about the early signs of infection so that aggressive treatment is not delayed.

• #18

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04287-6

  Inactivated vaccines are considered safe and well tolerated in CVID, yet most affected patients are not capable to mount a protective antibody response following immunization. […] However, despite the uncertainty of their immune response, administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine as well as pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines is strongly recommended due to low antigen-specific antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations and a high risk of morbidity in pediatric CVID patients. […] Either administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg), it is the mainstay of management of CVID pediatric patients, foremostly targeted at providing antigen-specific antibodies. […] In those children with CVID who despite adequate Ig-RT suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections posing the risk of chronic lung damage, additional antimicrobial prevention with the use of co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin, or azithromycin is recommended. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis covering the most frequent pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza, proved to be particularly beneficial for children with CVID to prevent bronchiectasis and if they develop, prophylactic antibiotics should be used to improve the outcome.

• #19 A Review on Guidelines for Management and Treatment of Common Variable Immunodeficiency

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/804767

  Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in adults. […] The most satisfactory treatments of CVID could be achieved by the use of immunoglobulin replacement, antibiotics, immunosuppressants and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. […] Over the last few years, advances have been made in the management of CVID, improving outcomes in the patients; these include Ig replacement, antibiotics for treatment and prevention of infections and appropriate therapy for noninfectious complications. […] IgG replacement is the mainstay of treatment of CVID and it has been shown that long-term Ig replacement therapy for CVID has reduced the rate of infections and their long-term complications.

• #20 Incidence of malignancy in patients with common variable immunodeficiency according to therapeutic delay: an Italian retrospective, monocentric cohort study | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-020-00451-z

  The observation of clinical characteristics of our patients with CVID may suggest that an early institution of IgG replacement therapy could be of benefit for the prevention of malignant complications. […] The aim of Ig replacement therapy is that to prevent infectious episodes since there is not a universally accepted serum IgG trough level. […] However, to our knowledge, the correlation between delayed institution of Ig replacement therapy and the onset of cancer disease has never been investigated to date. […] These results suggest a possible link between the therapeutic delay and tumor incidence. […] The main result of our study is that the median diagnostic delay was longer in patients with malignancy compared to those who had no oncologic complication and similar data were observed for the median therapeutic delay; although a statistical significance was not achieved probably due to the intrinsic limit of the study, that is limited sample size as a consequence of a rare condition, these results suggest a possible link between the diagnostic and therapeutic delay and tumor incidence. […] If these data were confirmed by a larger study, the information would support the hypothesis that the IgG replacement therapy could have a role in cancer prevention in CVID patients.

• #21

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01486738

  The objective was to assess clinical efficacy of 3 dosages of intravenous gammaglobulins to prevent infectious episodes in adult common variable immunodeficiency. […] Thus, high dosages of IVIG are not conferring better protection against infections in such patients.

• #22 Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7400202/

  Background. A major concern in the care of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients is the persistence of subclinical or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) despite adequate trough IgG levels, which impacts the quality of life (QoL) and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new approaches to prevent and treat infection, especially RRTI, is necessary. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with CVID has been shown to improve lung function, reduce the risk of infection-related hospitalization and improve patients QoL in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled trial. […] Therefore, new adjuvant prophylactic approaches to infection, especially in this CVID group are greatly needed. […] The prophylaxis intervention of TIbV MV130 improved the global perception of QoL in more than 50% of the CVID patients (p 0.005). […] The prophylaxis with sublingual TIbV MV130 based on whole cell inactivated bacteria resulted in significant clinical benefits in terms of recurrence and severity of respiratory tract infections, with a concomitant improvement in QoL perception as well as a decrease in health care expenses.

• #23

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04287-6

  Inactivated vaccines are considered safe and well tolerated in CVID, yet most affected patients are not capable to mount a protective antibody response following immunization. […] However, despite the uncertainty of their immune response, administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine as well as pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines is strongly recommended due to low antigen-specific antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations and a high risk of morbidity in pediatric CVID patients. […] Either administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg), it is the mainstay of management of CVID pediatric patients, foremostly targeted at providing antigen-specific antibodies. […] In those children with CVID who despite adequate Ig-RT suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections posing the risk of chronic lung damage, additional antimicrobial prevention with the use of co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin, or azithromycin is recommended. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis covering the most frequent pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza, proved to be particularly beneficial for children with CVID to prevent bronchiectasis and if they develop, prophylactic antibiotics should be used to improve the outcome.

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04287-6

  Inactivated vaccines are considered safe and well tolerated in CVID, yet most affected patients are not capable to mount a protective antibody response following immunization. […] However, despite the uncertainty of their immune response, administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine as well as pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines is strongly recommended due to low antigen-specific antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations and a high risk of morbidity in pediatric CVID patients. […] Either administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg), it is the mainstay of management of CVID pediatric patients, foremostly targeted at providing antigen-specific antibodies. […] In those children with CVID who despite adequate Ig-RT suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections posing the risk of chronic lung damage, additional antimicrobial prevention with the use of co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin, or azithromycin is recommended. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis covering the most frequent pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza, proved to be particularly beneficial for children with CVID to prevent bronchiectasis and if they develop, prophylactic antibiotics should be used to improve the outcome.

• #25 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Comprehensive Guide

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid-comprehensive-guide

  CVID management aims to reduce infections, support immune function, and prevent complications. […] Some people with CVID take preventive (prophylactic) antibiotics to reduce the risk of recurrent infections. These medications help control bacterial infections before they become severe. […] Antibiotics can lower the chances of respiratory and sinus infections, reducing hospital visits and long-term lung damage. […] Doctors often prescribe azithromycin, amoxicillin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylactic use. The type and duration of treatment depend on infection history and individual response. […] Prolonged antibiotic use requires careful monitoring to avoid resistance and side effects like gut imbalances or liver strain. Probiotics and dietary adjustments may help maintain gut health during treatment.

• #26 Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Infections: How to Prevent and Manage Them

  https://www.darwynhealth.com/immune-disorders-and-management/immune-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid/common-variable-immunodeficiency-and-infections-how-to-prevent-and-manage-them/?lang=en

  By following these preventive measures, individuals with CVID can significantly reduce their risk of infections and lead a healthier life. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and guidance based on individual needs and medical history. […] The goal of antibiotic prophylaxis is to provide continuous protection against common pathogens and reduce the frequency and severity of infections. It involves the use of antibiotics at a low dose and for an extended period. […] The choice of antibiotics for prophylaxis in CVID patients depends on the individual’s specific needs and the pathogens commonly encountered. The most commonly used antibiotics for prophylaxis include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), azithromycin, and penicillin. […] While antibiotic prophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of infections in CVID patients, it is not a substitute for other preventive measures. Patients should also receive appropriate vaccinations, practice good hygiene, and avoid exposure to known pathogens. Regular monitoring of antibody levels and close follow-up with a healthcare provider are essential to ensure optimal management of infections in individuals with CVID.

• #27 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Comprehensive Guide

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid-comprehensive-guide

  CVID management aims to reduce infections, support immune function, and prevent complications. […] Some people with CVID take preventive (prophylactic) antibiotics to reduce the risk of recurrent infections. These medications help control bacterial infections before they become severe. […] Antibiotics can lower the chances of respiratory and sinus infections, reducing hospital visits and long-term lung damage. […] Doctors often prescribe azithromycin, amoxicillin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylactic use. The type and duration of treatment depend on infection history and individual response. […] Prolonged antibiotic use requires careful monitoring to avoid resistance and side effects like gut imbalances or liver strain. Probiotics and dietary adjustments may help maintain gut health during treatment.

• #28 Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7400202/

  Background. A major concern in the care of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients is the persistence of subclinical or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) despite adequate trough IgG levels, which impacts the quality of life (QoL) and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new approaches to prevent and treat infection, especially RRTI, is necessary. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with CVID has been shown to improve lung function, reduce the risk of infection-related hospitalization and improve patients QoL in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled trial. […] Therefore, new adjuvant prophylactic approaches to infection, especially in this CVID group are greatly needed. […] The prophylaxis intervention of TIbV MV130 improved the global perception of QoL in more than 50% of the CVID patients (p 0.005). […] The prophylaxis with sublingual TIbV MV130 based on whole cell inactivated bacteria resulted in significant clinical benefits in terms of recurrence and severity of respiratory tract infections, with a concomitant improvement in QoL perception as well as a decrease in health care expenses.

• #29 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) – Immunology; Allergic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/immunology-allergic-disorders/immunodeficiency-disorders/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid

  Prophylactic immune globulin (IgG) replacement therapy […] Trials have confirmed the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics in select patients with antibody deficiency (1).

• #30 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): Comprehensive Guide

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid-comprehensive-guide

  CVID management aims to reduce infections, support immune function, and prevent complications. […] Some people with CVID take preventive (prophylactic) antibiotics to reduce the risk of recurrent infections. These medications help control bacterial infections before they become severe. […] Antibiotics can lower the chances of respiratory and sinus infections, reducing hospital visits and long-term lung damage. […] Doctors often prescribe azithromycin, amoxicillin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylactic use. The type and duration of treatment depend on infection history and individual response. […] Prolonged antibiotic use requires careful monitoring to avoid resistance and side effects like gut imbalances or liver strain. Probiotics and dietary adjustments may help maintain gut health during treatment.

• #31

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04287-6

  Inactivated vaccines are considered safe and well tolerated in CVID, yet most affected patients are not capable to mount a protective antibody response following immunization. […] However, despite the uncertainty of their immune response, administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine as well as pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines is strongly recommended due to low antigen-specific antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations and a high risk of morbidity in pediatric CVID patients. […] Either administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg), it is the mainstay of management of CVID pediatric patients, foremostly targeted at providing antigen-specific antibodies. […] In those children with CVID who despite adequate Ig-RT suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections posing the risk of chronic lung damage, additional antimicrobial prevention with the use of co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin, or azithromycin is recommended. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis covering the most frequent pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza, proved to be particularly beneficial for children with CVID to prevent bronchiectasis and if they develop, prophylactic antibiotics should be used to improve the outcome.

• #32

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04287-6

  Inactivated vaccines are considered safe and well tolerated in CVID, yet most affected patients are not capable to mount a protective antibody response following immunization. […] However, despite the uncertainty of their immune response, administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine as well as pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines is strongly recommended due to low antigen-specific antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations and a high risk of morbidity in pediatric CVID patients. […] Either administered intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously (SCIg), it is the mainstay of management of CVID pediatric patients, foremostly targeted at providing antigen-specific antibodies. […] In those children with CVID who despite adequate Ig-RT suffer from recurrent sinopulmonary infections posing the risk of chronic lung damage, additional antimicrobial prevention with the use of co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin, or azithromycin is recommended. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis covering the most frequent pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza, proved to be particularly beneficial for children with CVID to prevent bronchiectasis and if they develop, prophylactic antibiotics should be used to improve the outcome.

• #33 Common Variable Immunodeficiency Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1051103-treatment

  Because at least some CVID patients can produce protective antibody titers, one should consider the inclusion of polysaccharide vaccine in an immunization program for them. […] Most CVID patients would benefit from seasonal influenza vaccination.

• #34 Common Variable Immunodeficiency Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1051103-treatment

  Because at least some CVID patients can produce protective antibody titers, one should consider the inclusion of polysaccharide vaccine in an immunization program for them. […] Most CVID patients would benefit from seasonal influenza vaccination.

• #35

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04287-6

  The pediatricians and primary care physicians awareness is a key to the timely undertaking prevention of infection in pediatric CVID patients. […] The optimal vaccination status of the primary antibody immunodeficient children plays a fundamental preventive role against infections and infectious complications in this targeted group of patients. […] Important questions and concerns have been addressed regarding the vaccine use in immunocompromised children, their protective value and beneficial effect, safety of live attenuated vaccines, rationale for monitoring the vaccine-induced antigen-specific immune response, and ultimately, whether and how pediatricians and primary care physicians could contribute to improving the immunization status of immunodeficient children. […] In CVID, live attenuated vaccines, such as oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV), live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), yellow fever, smallpox and live bacterial vaccines, e.g., Salmonella typhi (Ty21a), are contraindicated as they confer a risk of adverse effects following vaccination (AEFI).

• #36 Primary Immunodeficiencies | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/1115/p2001.html

  When recurrent infections are a problem, many patients with primary immunodeficiencies are managed with antibiotics alone or in combination with IVIG. For example, in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, prophylactic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) reduces the incidence of severe infections by 50 percent.4 Similarly, treatment for complement deficiencies is directed at preventing infection, and consists of antibiotic prophylaxis and immunizations for encapsulated bacteria (e.g., heptovalent pneumococcal vaccine, Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine, meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine).14 […] Most patients with primary immunodeficiencies should not receive live virus vaccines, including live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Because of the risk of infection, OPV also should not be given to persons in close contact with these patients.14 In addition, most patients with primary immunodeficiencies should not receive measles, bacille Calmette-Gurin, and varicella vaccines. One exception would be patients with B-cell deficiency, who should receive varicella vaccine.

• #37 Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID)|Recovery|Prognosis|Prevention

  https://www.epainassist.com/articles/common-variable-immune-deficiency-recovery-prognosis-prevention

  Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) cannot be prevented. Parents can contribute to helping their children in following the basic ethics of hygiene. It will go a long way in preventing the spread of germs and virus. Optimum nutrition is essential to make sure that children do not fall prey to infections and develop immunity against the infection. Kids with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) should not attend any events in crowded places and avoid people with infections. […] The measles, rubella (MMR), mumps and varicella vaccines are not suggested for patients with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) who are receiving replacement immunoglobulin therapy, because the vaccines may be inactivated. […] Patients should not get vaccinated against the diseases such as mumps, measles and rubella. They can get deactivated. They will not be effective due to deficiency of antibodies. […] Influenza vaccine needs to be administered on an annual basis for common variable immune deficiency (CVID).

• #38 Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID)|Recovery|Prognosis|Prevention

  https://www.epainassist.com/articles/common-variable-immune-deficiency-recovery-prognosis-prevention

  Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) cannot be prevented. Parents can contribute to helping their children in following the basic ethics of hygiene. It will go a long way in preventing the spread of germs and virus. Optimum nutrition is essential to make sure that children do not fall prey to infections and develop immunity against the infection. Kids with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) should not attend any events in crowded places and avoid people with infections. […] The measles, rubella (MMR), mumps and varicella vaccines are not suggested for patients with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) who are receiving replacement immunoglobulin therapy, because the vaccines may be inactivated. […] Patients should not get vaccinated against the diseases such as mumps, measles and rubella. They can get deactivated. They will not be effective due to deficiency of antibodies. […] Influenza vaccine needs to be administered on an annual basis for common variable immune deficiency (CVID).

• #39 Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID)|Recovery|Prognosis|Prevention

  https://www.epainassist.com/articles/common-variable-immune-deficiency-recovery-prognosis-prevention

  Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) cannot be prevented. Parents can contribute to helping their children in following the basic ethics of hygiene. It will go a long way in preventing the spread of germs and virus. Optimum nutrition is essential to make sure that children do not fall prey to infections and develop immunity against the infection. Kids with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) should not attend any events in crowded places and avoid people with infections. […] The measles, rubella (MMR), mumps and varicella vaccines are not suggested for patients with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) who are receiving replacement immunoglobulin therapy, because the vaccines may be inactivated. […] Patients should not get vaccinated against the diseases such as mumps, measles and rubella. They can get deactivated. They will not be effective due to deficiency of antibodies. […] Influenza vaccine needs to be administered on an annual basis for common variable immune deficiency (CVID).

• #40 Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7400202/

  Background. A major concern in the care of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients is the persistence of subclinical or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) despite adequate trough IgG levels, which impacts the quality of life (QoL) and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new approaches to prevent and treat infection, especially RRTI, is necessary. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with CVID has been shown to improve lung function, reduce the risk of infection-related hospitalization and improve patients QoL in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled trial. […] Therefore, new adjuvant prophylactic approaches to infection, especially in this CVID group are greatly needed. […] The prophylaxis intervention of TIbV MV130 improved the global perception of QoL in more than 50% of the CVID patients (p 0.005). […] The prophylaxis with sublingual TIbV MV130 based on whole cell inactivated bacteria resulted in significant clinical benefits in terms of recurrence and severity of respiratory tract infections, with a concomitant improvement in QoL perception as well as a decrease in health care expenses.

• #41 Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/7/203

  Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study […] Background. A major concern in the care of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients is the persistence of subclinical or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) despite adequate trough IgG levels, which impacts the quality of life (QoL) and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new approaches to prevent and treat infection, especially RRTI, is necessary. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with CVID has been shown to improve lung function, reduce the risk of infection-related hospitalization and improve patients’ QoL in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled trial. […] In this setting, complementary or alternative strategies for preventing infections in this highly susceptible population is a priority. […] We used a proof-of-concept study to determine the beneficial effects of a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy with a TIbV in CVID patients suffering RRTI despite adequate trough IgG levels and antibiotic prophylaxis. […] The RRTI-Group treated with TIbV MV130 significantly decreased the median (range min-max) infection rate from 3.00 (1–7) to 0.00 (0–2) (p = 0.006) post-treatment. […] Antibiotic consumption significantly decreased from 5.00 cycles (3–7) to 1.00 (0–1) cycle (p = 0.005); the number of infectious-related unscheduled outpatient visits significantly declined from 5.00 (2–6) to 1.00 (0–3) (p = 0.002); and work absenteeism decreased from 2.00 (0–3) to 0.00 (0–2) days (p = 0.005) in the 12 months after initiation of MV130 administration. […] The pharmacoeconomic analysis showed that the real annual direct costs decreased up to 4 times per patient with the prophylactic intervention (p = 0.005). […] The prophylaxis with sublingual TIbV MV130 based on whole cell inactivated bacteria resulted in significant clinical benefits in terms of recurrence and severity of respiratory tract infections, with a concomitant improvement in QoL perception as well as a decrease in health care expenses.

• #42 Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/7/203

  Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study […] Background. A major concern in the care of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients is the persistence of subclinical or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) despite adequate trough IgG levels, which impacts the quality of life (QoL) and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new approaches to prevent and treat infection, especially RRTI, is necessary. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with CVID has been shown to improve lung function, reduce the risk of infection-related hospitalization and improve patients’ QoL in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled trial. […] In this setting, complementary or alternative strategies for preventing infections in this highly susceptible population is a priority. […] We used a proof-of-concept study to determine the beneficial effects of a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy with a TIbV in CVID patients suffering RRTI despite adequate trough IgG levels and antibiotic prophylaxis. […] The RRTI-Group treated with TIbV MV130 significantly decreased the median (range min-max) infection rate from 3.00 (1–7) to 0.00 (0–2) (p = 0.006) post-treatment. […] Antibiotic consumption significantly decreased from 5.00 cycles (3–7) to 1.00 (0–1) cycle (p = 0.005); the number of infectious-related unscheduled outpatient visits significantly declined from 5.00 (2–6) to 1.00 (0–3) (p = 0.002); and work absenteeism decreased from 2.00 (0–3) to 0.00 (0–2) days (p = 0.005) in the 12 months after initiation of MV130 administration. […] The pharmacoeconomic analysis showed that the real annual direct costs decreased up to 4 times per patient with the prophylactic intervention (p = 0.005). […] The prophylaxis with sublingual TIbV MV130 based on whole cell inactivated bacteria resulted in significant clinical benefits in terms of recurrence and severity of respiratory tract infections, with a concomitant improvement in QoL perception as well as a decrease in health care expenses.

• #43 Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study

  https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/7/203

  Trained Immunity Based-Vaccines as a Prophylactic Strategy in Common Variable Immunodeficiency. A Proof of Concept Study […] Background. A major concern in the care of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients is the persistence of subclinical or recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) despite adequate trough IgG levels, which impacts the quality of life (QoL) and morbidity. Therefore, the development of new approaches to prevent and treat infection, especially RRTI, is necessary. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with CVID has been shown to improve lung function, reduce the risk of infection-related hospitalization and improve patients’ QoL in a recent double-blind placebo-controlled trial. […] In this setting, complementary or alternative strategies for preventing infections in this highly susceptible population is a priority. […] We used a proof-of-concept study to determine the beneficial effects of a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy with a TIbV in CVID patients suffering RRTI despite adequate trough IgG levels and antibiotic prophylaxis. […] The RRTI-Group treated with TIbV MV130 significantly decreased the median (range min-max) infection rate from 3.00 (1–7) to 0.00 (0–2) (p = 0.006) post-treatment. […] Antibiotic consumption significantly decreased from 5.00 cycles (3–7) to 1.00 (0–1) cycle (p = 0.005); the number of infectious-related unscheduled outpatient visits significantly declined from 5.00 (2–6) to 1.00 (0–3) (p = 0.002); and work absenteeism decreased from 2.00 (0–3) to 0.00 (0–2) days (p = 0.005) in the 12 months after initiation of MV130 administration. […] The pharmacoeconomic analysis showed that the real annual direct costs decreased up to 4 times per patient with the prophylactic intervention (p = 0.005). […] The prophylaxis with sublingual TIbV MV130 based on whole cell inactivated bacteria resulted in significant clinical benefits in terms of recurrence and severity of respiratory tract infections, with a concomitant improvement in QoL perception as well as a decrease in health care expenses.

• #44 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency? | Allergologia et Immunopathologia

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-allergologia-et-immunopathologia-105-articulo-epidemiology-pathophysiology-malignancy-in-common-S030105461730037X

  Prevention, screening, treatment and prognosis of malignancies in CVID […] Epidemiological studies have suggested an increased risk of cancers in CVID patients with female gender, cases with higher levels of serum IgM and polyclonal lymphocytic infiltration phenotype. Furthermore, family histories of neoplasia could be a hint for the presence of genetic predisposing factor (genes involved in DNA repair and cancer immunosurveillance) in a selected group of patients helping towards finding a cause of immunodeficiency and also for implementation of preventive cares. […] For prevention of malignancy in CVID, the known vulnerability factors contributed to the development of malignancies should be considered in routine follow-up evaluation including H. pylori screening and eradication; monitoring of overgrowth of nitrosamine-producing bacteria due to hypochlorhydria in cases with autoimmune pernicious anaemia; decreasing unnecessary irradiation particularly in cases with defined chromosomal radiosensitivity. In addition to autoimmune and rheumatological disorder, CVID patients suffer from severe respiratory infections, therefore they may frequently undergo medical imaging that exposes them to irradiation. Since these patients might be sensitive to radiation, they should be protected from unnecessary medical techniques that incorporate radiation; substitution with alternative imaging including ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging is suggested for these patients. Beside punctual age-appropriate cancer screening such as gastric cancer (upper endoscopy), cervical cancer (Pap test and HPV tests), colorectal cancer (finding of precancerous polyps by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy), breast cancer (clinical breast examinations and mammograms) and lung cancer (yearly screening with low-dose computed tomography), in patients with high risk factors and exposed to oncogenes, screening by complete blood counts (white blood cell counts and differential), histopathological investigation (bone marrow aspiration and persistent enlarged lymph nodes) and endoscopy (for finding mucosal changes) should be considered if it is indicated medically.

• #45 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency? | Allergologia et Immunopathologia

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-allergologia-et-immunopathologia-105-articulo-epidemiology-pathophysiology-malignancy-in-common-S030105461730037X

  Prevention, screening, treatment and prognosis of malignancies in CVID […] Epidemiological studies have suggested an increased risk of cancers in CVID patients with female gender, cases with higher levels of serum IgM and polyclonal lymphocytic infiltration phenotype. Furthermore, family histories of neoplasia could be a hint for the presence of genetic predisposing factor (genes involved in DNA repair and cancer immunosurveillance) in a selected group of patients helping towards finding a cause of immunodeficiency and also for implementation of preventive cares. […] For prevention of malignancy in CVID, the known vulnerability factors contributed to the development of malignancies should be considered in routine follow-up evaluation including H. pylori screening and eradication; monitoring of overgrowth of nitrosamine-producing bacteria due to hypochlorhydria in cases with autoimmune pernicious anaemia; decreasing unnecessary irradiation particularly in cases with defined chromosomal radiosensitivity. In addition to autoimmune and rheumatological disorder, CVID patients suffer from severe respiratory infections, therefore they may frequently undergo medical imaging that exposes them to irradiation. Since these patients might be sensitive to radiation, they should be protected from unnecessary medical techniques that incorporate radiation; substitution with alternative imaging including ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging is suggested for these patients. Beside punctual age-appropriate cancer screening such as gastric cancer (upper endoscopy), cervical cancer (Pap test and HPV tests), colorectal cancer (finding of precancerous polyps by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy), breast cancer (clinical breast examinations and mammograms) and lung cancer (yearly screening with low-dose computed tomography), in patients with high risk factors and exposed to oncogenes, screening by complete blood counts (white blood cell counts and differential), histopathological investigation (bone marrow aspiration and persistent enlarged lymph nodes) and endoscopy (for finding mucosal changes) should be considered if it is indicated medically.

• #46 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency? | Allergologia et Immunopathologia

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-allergologia-et-immunopathologia-105-articulo-epidemiology-pathophysiology-malignancy-in-common-S030105461730037X

  Prevention, screening, treatment and prognosis of malignancies in CVID […] Epidemiological studies have suggested an increased risk of cancers in CVID patients with female gender, cases with higher levels of serum IgM and polyclonal lymphocytic infiltration phenotype. Furthermore, family histories of neoplasia could be a hint for the presence of genetic predisposing factor (genes involved in DNA repair and cancer immunosurveillance) in a selected group of patients helping towards finding a cause of immunodeficiency and also for implementation of preventive cares. […] For prevention of malignancy in CVID, the known vulnerability factors contributed to the development of malignancies should be considered in routine follow-up evaluation including H. pylori screening and eradication; monitoring of overgrowth of nitrosamine-producing bacteria due to hypochlorhydria in cases with autoimmune pernicious anaemia; decreasing unnecessary irradiation particularly in cases with defined chromosomal radiosensitivity. In addition to autoimmune and rheumatological disorder, CVID patients suffer from severe respiratory infections, therefore they may frequently undergo medical imaging that exposes them to irradiation. Since these patients might be sensitive to radiation, they should be protected from unnecessary medical techniques that incorporate radiation; substitution with alternative imaging including ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging is suggested for these patients. Beside punctual age-appropriate cancer screening such as gastric cancer (upper endoscopy), cervical cancer (Pap test and HPV tests), colorectal cancer (finding of precancerous polyps by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy), breast cancer (clinical breast examinations and mammograms) and lung cancer (yearly screening with low-dose computed tomography), in patients with high risk factors and exposed to oncogenes, screening by complete blood counts (white blood cell counts and differential), histopathological investigation (bone marrow aspiration and persistent enlarged lymph nodes) and endoscopy (for finding mucosal changes) should be considered if it is indicated medically.

• #47 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/common-variable-immunodeficiency-cvid-0

  The goal of treatment for CVID is to control the symptoms and improve the quality of your childs life. Most children with CVID will need aggressive treatment to combat infections. In many cases, your childs doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat or prevent infections. […] Doctors may also recommend a treatment called immunoglobulin replacement therapy to give your childs body the tools it needs to fight off infections better. In immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy, some of the plasma in your childs blood is removed then replaced with antibody-rich plasma. The new plasma serves as a jump start for your childs ailing immune system and begins attacking any viruses or bacteria found in your childs body. Ig replacement therapy can be delivered by IV (intravenously) or through the skin (subcutaneously). […] Regular doctors visits are recommended for individuals with CVID to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed.

• #48 Explainer: What Is Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)?

  https://www.csl.com/we-are-csl/vita-original-stories/2024/explainer-what-is-common-variable-immunodeficiency

  Immunoglobulin replacement therapy treats symptoms of CVID and these infused medicines help support the immune system and prevent infections. […] Regular medical care is important for people with CVID. The Immune Deficiency Foundation recommends that doctors monitor patients with CVID for autoimmunity, GI symptoms, and changes in lung function.

• #49 Frontiers | Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Diseases: A Retrospective Study of 95 Adult Patients in a Single Tertiary Care Center

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.652487/full

  Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common clinically significant primary immunodeficiency in adulthood, which presents a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, often including non-infectious complications in addition to heightened susceptibility to infections. […] In recent years, the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CVID have improved thanks to advances in the management and prophylaxis of infections with antibacterial agents and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). […] Early recognition and tailored treatment of these conditions are pivotal to ensure a better quality of life and the reduction of CVID associated complications. […] For this reason, patients with autoimmune anemia, thrombocytopenia, or both should always be screened for PIDs, including CVID. Early recognition and tailored treatments of autoimmune conditions are pivotal to ensure a better quality of life and the reduction of complications associated with CVID.

• #50 Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Children

  https://phoenixchildrens.staywellsolutionsonline.com/library/90,P01680

  CVID is a lifelong health problem that can lead to a reduced ability to fight infections. […] It’s important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection. Stay away from others who are sick. Have your child wash their hands often with soap and water. […] It is also important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection and wash their hands often with soap and water.

• #51 Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Children

  https://myhealth.umassmemorial.org/YourFamily/Children/90,P01680

  CVID is a lifelong health problem that can lead to a reduced ability to fight infections. The current therapies can reduce the number and severity of infections. It’s important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection. Stay away from others who are sick. Have your child wash their hands often with soap and water. […] It is also important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection and wash their hands often with soap and water.

• #52 Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Children | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/common-variable-immunodeficiency-children

  Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immunodeficiency problem that causes a child to have a low level of antibodies and a decreased responsiveness to some vaccines. This makes it hard for the child’s body to fight infections. […] Treatment includes immunoglobulin replacement therapy, medicines, routine blood tests, and postural drainage of the lungs. […] It is also important to help your child stay out of situations that have a greater risk for infection and wash their hands often with soap and water.

• #53

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-021-04287-6

  The pediatricians and primary care physicians awareness is a key to the timely undertaking prevention of infection in pediatric CVID patients. […] The optimal vaccination status of the primary antibody immunodeficient children plays a fundamental preventive role against infections and infectious complications in this targeted group of patients. […] Important questions and concerns have been addressed regarding the vaccine use in immunocompromised children, their protective value and beneficial effect, safety of live attenuated vaccines, rationale for monitoring the vaccine-induced antigen-specific immune response, and ultimately, whether and how pediatricians and primary care physicians could contribute to improving the immunization status of immunodeficient children. […] In CVID, live attenuated vaccines, such as oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV), live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), yellow fever, smallpox and live bacterial vaccines, e.g., Salmonella typhi (Ty21a), are contraindicated as they confer a risk of adverse effects following vaccination (AEFI).

• #54 A Review on Guidelines for Management and Treatment of Common Variable Immunodeficiency

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/804767

  Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in adults. […] The most satisfactory treatments of CVID could be achieved by the use of immunoglobulin replacement, antibiotics, immunosuppressants and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. […] Over the last few years, advances have been made in the management of CVID, improving outcomes in the patients; these include Ig replacement, antibiotics for treatment and prevention of infections and appropriate therapy for noninfectious complications. […] IgG replacement is the mainstay of treatment of CVID and it has been shown that long-term Ig replacement therapy for CVID has reduced the rate of infections and their long-term complications.

• #55 Frontiers | Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Diseases: A Retrospective Study of 95 Adult Patients in a Single Tertiary Care Center

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.652487/full

  Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common clinically significant primary immunodeficiency in adulthood, which presents a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, often including non-infectious complications in addition to heightened susceptibility to infections. […] In recent years, the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CVID have improved thanks to advances in the management and prophylaxis of infections with antibacterial agents and immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). […] Early recognition and tailored treatment of these conditions are pivotal to ensure a better quality of life and the reduction of CVID associated complications. […] For this reason, patients with autoimmune anemia, thrombocytopenia, or both should always be screened for PIDs, including CVID. Early recognition and tailored treatments of autoimmune conditions are pivotal to ensure a better quality of life and the reduction of complications associated with CVID.

• #56 About Primary Immunodeficiency (PI) | Primary Immunodeficiency (PI) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/primary-immunodeficiency/about/index.html

  Early diagnosis can help prevent or delay some of the health problems caused by PI. […] Taking steps to prevent infection is very important if you have PI. These steps include washing your hands the right way, taking good care of your teeth, maintaining healthy habits, including being physically active, eating healthy, and getting enough sleep, avoiding crowds and exposure to people who are sick, and asking your healthcare provider which vaccinations are safe for you. […] In some cases, people with PI cannot have live vaccines such as rotavirus, chickenpox, oral polio, and measles, mumps, rubella. Newborn screening for SCID can find babies with this PI early, before they receive these vaccines, so that they are not given these vaccines prior to treatment for SCID.

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