Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.pioneerpublisher.com/crms/article/view/499

  Endometrial polyps (EPs) are common gynecological diseases among women of childbearing age. […] Studies have shown that the prevalence of endometrial polyps in the female population is approximately 25.0%. […] This article aims to review the epidemiology, pathological histology, and pathogenesis of endometrial polyps to reveal their mechanisms and characteristics more accurately and guide further clinical research and treatment.

• #2 Endometrial Polyps – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2018/10/19/obg-project-draft-endometrial-polyps/

  Endometrial polyps are a common condition that may be associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and pre-malignant and malignant conditions. Reported prevalence ranges between 7.8 to 32.9%, depending on diagnostic method and population studied (Salim, Dreisler, Fabres). Prevalence tends to increase with age and has been reported more with post menopausal (12%) than premenopausal women (6%) (Salim). […] Roughly 44% of polyps in women are asymptomatic, therefore incidental findings are very common (Hassa). Abnormal uterine bleeding, including intermenstrual bleeding and post menopausal bleeding, is the most common symptom, occurring in 68% of women with polyps and (Salim, Golan). […] A recent study of 112 women managed for a mean of 22.5 months shows that there is no association between development on symptoms and polyp growth rate, so routine ultrasound to monitor growth cannot necessarily predict the onset of symptoms.

• #3 Prevalence of endometrial polyps and abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115236/

  Objective: To estimate the prevalence of endometrial polyps and to investigate associated abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% (48/619; 95% CI, 5.6-9.9%). […] The overall prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% and the prevalence increased with age. Polyps were rare (0.9%) in women below the age of 30 years. […] Surprisingly, AUB was less frequent among women with polyps than among those without polyps.

• #4 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #5 Adenomyosis and Endometrial Polyps – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/obgyn/infertility-reproductive-surgery/cysts-and-fibroids/fibroid-line-conditions-adenomyosis-and-endometrial-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are excess outgrowths of the endometrium (innermost uterine layer) in the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of polyps is estimated to be 10 percent to 24 percent of women undergoing hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) or localized endometrial biopsy. […] Endometrial polyps are often diagnosed by microscopic examination of a specimen obtained after endometrial biopsy or after DC (dilation and curettage) but can also be diagnosed on ultrasound or hysteroscopy.

• #6 Uterine Polyps: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors/uterine-polyps

  Uterine polyps, often referred to as endometrial polyps, are abnormal growths that develop on the inner lining of the uterus, or endometrium. Most of these polyps are benign, meaning theyre not cancerous. However, in rare instances, they may become precancerous or cancerous. […] Among women undergoing hysterectomy or localized endometrial biopsy, the prevalence of polyps is estimated to be between 10 percent and 24 percent, research shows. […] While most uterine polyps are benign, a small percentage may be precancerous or cancerous. A comprehensive mega analysis published in the European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology found that just 2.73 percent of polyps in women are cancerous. […] It’s important to note that any uterine polyp should be evaluated by a health care provider to rule out the possibility of cancer. […] Regular gynecological checkups may help detect these growths early, when they can be more easily managed, and even before they cause complications or unpleasant symptoms.

• #7 Endometrial polyp | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-polyp?lang=us

  The prevalence of endometrial polyps increases with age and ranges from 8-35%. […] Patients receiving tamoxifen are at risk for endometrial polyps. […] Endometriosis is associated with a 2.8x increased risk of developing endometrial polyps. […] Approximately 2.5% (range 0.8-4.8%) of endometrial polyps are premalignant or malignant.

• #8 Prevalence of endometrial polyps and abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115236/

  Objective: To estimate the prevalence of endometrial polyps and to investigate associated abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% (48/619; 95% CI, 5.6-9.9%). […] The overall prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% and the prevalence increased with age. Polyps were rare (0.9%) in women below the age of 30 years. […] Surprisingly, AUB was less frequent among women with polyps than among those without polyps.

• #9 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #10 Pathology Outlines – Endometrial polyp

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/uterusendopolyp.html

  Can affect up to 25% of females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2014;2014:518398) […] Prevalence in asymptomatic females: 10 – 15% […] Peak incidence in fifth decade […] Incidence in asymptomatic females with infertility: 10 – 32% […] Increased incidence with hormone replacement therapy, either estrogen only or combined preparations (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;205:535.e1)

• #11 Prevalence of endometrial polyps and abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115236/

  Objective: To estimate the prevalence of endometrial polyps and to investigate associated abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% (48/619; 95% CI, 5.6-9.9%). […] The overall prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% and the prevalence increased with age. Polyps were rare (0.9%) in women below the age of 30 years. […] Surprisingly, AUB was less frequent among women with polyps than among those without polyps.

• #12 Uterine Polyps | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/uterine-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are rare among women younger than 20 years of age. The incidence rises steadily with increasing age, peaks in the fifth decade of life, and gradually declines after menopause. […] Obesity increases the levels of estrogen in the blood, so also will increase the risk of uterine polyps. Tamoxifen therapy is also a risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps; 8-36% of postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen develop polyps. […] The great majority (95%) of endometrial polyps are benign, but women who experience bleeding symptoms or who are postmenopausal are more likely to have a cancerous or precancerous polyp.

• #13 Endometrial polyps: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007636.htm

  Endometrial polyps are common in women between 20 to 40 years of age. […] Most endometrial polyps are not cancerous but they can be cancerous or precancerous. The chance of cancer is higher if you are postmenopausal, on tamoxifen, or have heavy or irregular periods. […] Endometrial polyps may make it hard to get or stay pregnant. […] You cannot prevent endometrial polyps.

• #14 Endometrial Polyps – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2018/10/19/obg-project-draft-endometrial-polyps/

  Endometrial polyps are a common condition that may be associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and pre-malignant and malignant conditions. Reported prevalence ranges between 7.8 to 32.9%, depending on diagnostic method and population studied (Salim, Dreisler, Fabres). Prevalence tends to increase with age and has been reported more with post menopausal (12%) than premenopausal women (6%) (Salim). […] Roughly 44% of polyps in women are asymptomatic, therefore incidental findings are very common (Hassa). Abnormal uterine bleeding, including intermenstrual bleeding and post menopausal bleeding, is the most common symptom, occurring in 68% of women with polyps and (Salim, Golan). […] A recent study of 112 women managed for a mean of 22.5 months shows that there is no association between development on symptoms and polyp growth rate, so routine ultrasound to monitor growth cannot necessarily predict the onset of symptoms.

• #15 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #16 Endometrial polyp – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_polyp

  Endometrial polyps usually occur in women in their 40s and 50s. […] Endometrial polyps occur in up to 10% of women. […] It is estimated that they are present in 25% of women with abnormal vaginal bleeding.

• #17 Study of polyps in female reproductive tract in a tertiary care centre – IJOGR

  https://www.ijogr.org/html-article/17702

  Polyps are most common in the age group 31 to 40 years (42%) and in parous women. […] The clinical relevance of endometrial polyps is linked to abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and the risk of endometrial atypia and cancer. […] The incidence of endometrial polyps increases with age throughout the reproductive years. […] Polyps are common, and their prevalence in the general population approximates 8 percent. […] Moreover, in those with AUB, rates range from 10 to 30 percent. […] The resulting heavy menstrual bleeding can cause severe anaemia requiring blood transfusion, leading to morbidity. […] Clinical examination and ultrasound diagnosis correlates with histopathological diagnosis. […] Using clinical examination and ultrasound one can identify the site and type of polyp and decide on further management. […] No cases of malignancy were diagnosed.

• #18 Prevalence of endometrial polyps and abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115236/

  Objective: To estimate the prevalence of endometrial polyps and to investigate associated abnormal uterine bleeding in a Danish population aged 20-74 years. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% (48/619; 95% CI, 5.6-9.9%). […] The overall prevalence of endometrial polyps was 7.8% and the prevalence increased with age. Polyps were rare (0.9%) in women below the age of 30 years. […] Surprisingly, AUB was less frequent among women with polyps than among those without polyps.

• #19 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Endometrial polyps are thought to impact fertility, and removal is recommended prior to initiating treatment, especially before proceeding with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Some proposed mechanisms by which polyps are thought to impact fertility include inhibition of implantation, endometrial inflammation, mechanical blockage of sperm from fertilization, or changes in endometrial receptivity. In the infertile population, prevalence of polyps is thought to be between 11% and 45%, which is higher than in the general population. Hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps found incidentally during fertility evaluation is recommended, with one study showing post-polypectomy implantation rates during IVF to be similar to those in women who do not have endometrial polyps. […] Because AUB triggers further evaluation of potential etiologies, endometrial polyps are often diagnosed on ultrasound. The sonographic finding suggestive of an endometrial polyp is a bright, hyperechoic area visualized within the endometrium. Using power doppler sonography may reveal a single-vessel pattern of blood flow to the polyp compared to fibroids, which more often show an enhancing rim of vessels.

• #20 Pathology Outlines – Endometrial polyp

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/uterusendopolyp.html

  Can affect up to 25% of females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2014;2014:518398) […] Prevalence in asymptomatic females: 10 – 15% […] Peak incidence in fifth decade […] Incidence in asymptomatic females with infertility: 10 – 32% […] Increased incidence with hormone replacement therapy, either estrogen only or combined preparations (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;205:535.e1)

• #21 Endometrial polyps are non-neoplastic but harbor epithelial mutations in endometrial cancer drivers at low allelic frequencies | Modern Pathology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41379-022-01124-5

  Endometrial polyps (EMPs) are common exophytic masses associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. […] The prevalence of EMPs is increased in infertile women, suggesting that EMPs contribute to infertility, and hysteroscopic removal improves fertility outcomes. […] Despite their ubiquity, the etiology of EMPs is unknown. Risk factors include age, obesity, and tamoxifen use. […] Paradoxically, EMPs are considered benign, but yet are associated with cancer. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma and its precursor atypical hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (AH/EIN) is a common incidental finding in EMPs. […] Case series have reported a wide range in the risk of malignancy in EMPs (0-15%) with one meta-analysis reporting a prevalence of malignancy in EMP of 2.7%. […] Because of their associations with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and cancer, many clinicians believe that all EMPs should be hysteroscopically resected.

• #22 Uterine Polyps: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14683-uterine-polyps

  Uterine polyps are growths that occur in the inner lining (endometrium) of your uterus. Uterine polyps are usually noncancerous, but they may cause problems with periods (menstruation) or fertility if theyre left untreated. […] Age is a major predictor of polyps. Youre most likely to develop uterine polyps in your 40s and 50s, around the time when youre approaching menopause (perimenopause). Uterine polyps can occur after menopause (postmenopause), but they rarely affect people under 20 years old. […] Its difficult to tell. Uterine polyps are sometimes asymptomatic, meaning they dont cause symptoms. For this reason, many people with uterine polyps may never receive a diagnosis. Research does suggest that polyps are more common in certain populations. For instance, theyre more common in people whove gone through menopause than those who havent. […] Your chance of developing uterine polyps also increases if you have overweight (BMI 25 30) or obese (BMI 30). […] Only about 5% of uterine polyps are cancerous. Your risk is greater of a polyp being cancerous if youre postmenopausal or if youre experiencing abnormal bleeding.

• #23 Uterine Polyp Symptoms and Treatment – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/obgyn/resources/uterine-polyps

  Uterine polyps, also called endometrial polyps, are excess outgrowths of the endometrium (innermost uterine layer) in the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of polyps is estimated to be 10 percent to 24 percent of women undergoing hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) or localized endometrial biopsy. […] Uterine polyps are rare among women younger than 20 years of age. The incidence of these polyps rises steadily with increasing age, peaking in the fifth decade of life, and gradually declining after menopause.

• #24 Uterine polyps – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709

  Uterine polyps are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus that expand into the uterus. Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, form as a result of cells in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) overgrowing. These polyps are usually noncancerous (benign), although some can be cancerous or can turn into cancer (precancerous polyps). […] Uterine polyps are most common in people who are going through or have completed menopause. But younger people can get them, too. […] Risk factors for developing uterine polyps include: Being perimenopausal or postmenopausal. […] Uterine polyps might be associated with infertility. If you have uterine polyps and you’re unable to have children, removal of the polyps might allow you to become pregnant, but the data are inconclusive.

• #25 Prevalence of endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids and associated factors – Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

  https://tjoddergisi.org/articles/prevalence-of-endometrial-polyps-coexisting-with-uterine-fibroids-and-associated-factors/doi/tjod.36043

  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of endometrial polyps in patients with uterine fibroids and associated factors of coexistence of these two pathologies. […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps in uterine fibroid cases was found 20.1% (n=155). […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids was 20.1%. […] Increased age was found as a risk factor for endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids. […] Hypertension was more common (23.9% vs. 17.5%; p=0.047) in women with endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The endometrial polyp rate was higher in women with 2 fibroids (OR 1.51; 95% CI: [1.02-2.24]) and with a largest fibroid 8 cm (OR 1.67; 95% CI: [1.10-2.50]). […] Presence of endometrial hyperplasia (OR 4.00; 95% CI: [1.92-8.33]) and cervical polyps (OR 3.13; 95% CI: [1.69-5.88]) were found significantly associated with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The present study showed that age, number of fibroids, size of the largest fibroid, presence of hypertension, endometrial hyperplasia, and cervical polyps were associated factors with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids.

• #26 Uterine Polyps: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14683-uterine-polyps

  Uterine polyps are growths that occur in the inner lining (endometrium) of your uterus. Uterine polyps are usually noncancerous, but they may cause problems with periods (menstruation) or fertility if theyre left untreated. […] Age is a major predictor of polyps. Youre most likely to develop uterine polyps in your 40s and 50s, around the time when youre approaching menopause (perimenopause). Uterine polyps can occur after menopause (postmenopause), but they rarely affect people under 20 years old. […] Its difficult to tell. Uterine polyps are sometimes asymptomatic, meaning they dont cause symptoms. For this reason, many people with uterine polyps may never receive a diagnosis. Research does suggest that polyps are more common in certain populations. For instance, theyre more common in people whove gone through menopause than those who havent. […] Your chance of developing uterine polyps also increases if you have overweight (BMI 25 30) or obese (BMI 30). […] Only about 5% of uterine polyps are cancerous. Your risk is greater of a polyp being cancerous if youre postmenopausal or if youre experiencing abnormal bleeding.

• #27 Uterine Polyps | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/uterine-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are rare among women younger than 20 years of age. The incidence rises steadily with increasing age, peaks in the fifth decade of life, and gradually declines after menopause. […] Obesity increases the levels of estrogen in the blood, so also will increase the risk of uterine polyps. Tamoxifen therapy is also a risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps; 8-36% of postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen develop polyps. […] The great majority (95%) of endometrial polyps are benign, but women who experience bleeding symptoms or who are postmenopausal are more likely to have a cancerous or precancerous polyp.

• #28 Endometrial Polyps: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/endometrial-polyps/

  Endometrial polyps, also called uterine polyps, are growths in the interior of the uterus or womb, formed of an overgrowth of the cells (endometrium) that line this cavity. […] Symptoms in adults, both pre and postmenopausal, commonly include unusual bleeding. Polyps are more common in people who have not yet experienced menopause than those who have. […] Endometrial polyps are caused by the overgrowth of endometrial tissue, which is the lining of the uterus that swells and then shrinks during the menstrual cycle. Endometrial polyps are estrogen-sensitive, with hormones in the bloodstream playing a role in their occurrence. […] Women over 40 who have not experienced menopause, and those who have had children, are considered to be at greater risk of developing endometrial polyps. […] Endometrial polyps may recur. People who have had polyps in the past are somewhat more likely to develop them in the future, compared to those who have never had them.

• #29 Uterine Polyps | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/uterine-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are rare among women younger than 20 years of age. The incidence rises steadily with increasing age, peaks in the fifth decade of life, and gradually declines after menopause. […] Obesity increases the levels of estrogen in the blood, so also will increase the risk of uterine polyps. Tamoxifen therapy is also a risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps; 8-36% of postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen develop polyps. […] The great majority (95%) of endometrial polyps are benign, but women who experience bleeding symptoms or who are postmenopausal are more likely to have a cancerous or precancerous polyp.

• #30 Uterine Polyps | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/uterine-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are rare among women younger than 20 years of age. The incidence rises steadily with increasing age, peaks in the fifth decade of life, and gradually declines after menopause. […] Obesity increases the levels of estrogen in the blood, so also will increase the risk of uterine polyps. Tamoxifen therapy is also a risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps; 8-36% of postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen develop polyps. […] The great majority (95%) of endometrial polyps are benign, but women who experience bleeding symptoms or who are postmenopausal are more likely to have a cancerous or precancerous polyp.

• #31 Endometrial polyp | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-polyp?lang=us

  The prevalence of endometrial polyps increases with age and ranges from 8-35%. […] Patients receiving tamoxifen are at risk for endometrial polyps. […] Endometriosis is associated with a 2.8x increased risk of developing endometrial polyps. […] Approximately 2.5% (range 0.8-4.8%) of endometrial polyps are premalignant or malignant.

• #32 :: YMJ :: Yonsei Medical Journal

  https://www.eymj.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3349/ymj.2020.61.4.317

  In premenopausal BC patients treated with tamoxifen, abnormal uterine bleeding, increased endometrial thickness, and chemotherapy for BC were associated with the occurrence of endometrial cancer. […] While older age, menopausal status, longer duration of tamoxifen use, and the presence of abnormal uterine bleeding are known risk factors for endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated women, few studies have evaluated risk factors for endometrial pathology in premenopausal women treated with tamoxifen. […] Endometrial polyps are the most common uterine pathology in postmenopausal tamoxifen-treated BC patients. However, there is limited research on the risk of malignant transformation of endometrial polyps in premenopausal tamoxifen-treated BC patients. […] We found that the prevalence of endometrial polyps in premenopausal women receiving tamoxifen was 40.7%, and the majority of these patients were asymptomatic.

• #33 Prevalence of endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids and associated factors – Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

  https://tjoddergisi.org/articles/prevalence-of-endometrial-polyps-coexisting-with-uterine-fibroids-and-associated-factors/doi/tjod.36043

  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of endometrial polyps in patients with uterine fibroids and associated factors of coexistence of these two pathologies. […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps in uterine fibroid cases was found 20.1% (n=155). […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids was 20.1%. […] Increased age was found as a risk factor for endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids. […] Hypertension was more common (23.9% vs. 17.5%; p=0.047) in women with endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The endometrial polyp rate was higher in women with 2 fibroids (OR 1.51; 95% CI: [1.02-2.24]) and with a largest fibroid 8 cm (OR 1.67; 95% CI: [1.10-2.50]). […] Presence of endometrial hyperplasia (OR 4.00; 95% CI: [1.92-8.33]) and cervical polyps (OR 3.13; 95% CI: [1.69-5.88]) were found significantly associated with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The present study showed that age, number of fibroids, size of the largest fibroid, presence of hypertension, endometrial hyperplasia, and cervical polyps were associated factors with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids.

• #34 Endometrial polyp | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-polyp?lang=us

  The prevalence of endometrial polyps increases with age and ranges from 8-35%. […] Patients receiving tamoxifen are at risk for endometrial polyps. […] Endometriosis is associated with a 2.8x increased risk of developing endometrial polyps. […] Approximately 2.5% (range 0.8-4.8%) of endometrial polyps are premalignant or malignant.

• #35 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #36 Pathology Outlines – Endometrial polyp

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/uterusendopolyp.html

  Can affect up to 25% of females presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2014;2014:518398) […] Prevalence in asymptomatic females: 10 – 15% […] Peak incidence in fifth decade […] Incidence in asymptomatic females with infertility: 10 – 32% […] Increased incidence with hormone replacement therapy, either estrogen only or combined preparations (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;205:535.e1)

• #37 Endometrial Polyps: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/endometrial-polyps/

  Endometrial polyps, also called uterine polyps, are growths in the interior of the uterus or womb, formed of an overgrowth of the cells (endometrium) that line this cavity. […] Symptoms in adults, both pre and postmenopausal, commonly include unusual bleeding. Polyps are more common in people who have not yet experienced menopause than those who have. […] Endometrial polyps are caused by the overgrowth of endometrial tissue, which is the lining of the uterus that swells and then shrinks during the menstrual cycle. Endometrial polyps are estrogen-sensitive, with hormones in the bloodstream playing a role in their occurrence. […] Women over 40 who have not experienced menopause, and those who have had children, are considered to be at greater risk of developing endometrial polyps. […] Endometrial polyps may recur. People who have had polyps in the past are somewhat more likely to develop them in the future, compared to those who have never had them.

• #38 Endometrial polyp | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/endometrial-polyp?lang=us

  The prevalence of endometrial polyps increases with age and ranges from 8-35%. […] Patients receiving tamoxifen are at risk for endometrial polyps. […] Endometriosis is associated with a 2.8x increased risk of developing endometrial polyps. […] Approximately 2.5% (range 0.8-4.8%) of endometrial polyps are premalignant or malignant.

• #39 Uterine polyps: Symptoms, treatment, outlook, and prevention

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/uterine-polyps

  Uterine polyps are relatively common, and a person may develop more than one polyp. […] Uterine polyps are typically benign. In rare cases, they may be cancerous or precancerous. However, the chance of developing malignant uterine polyps is low. […] A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis examined 51 studies that reported data on 35,345 people. The authors found that the overall prevalence of malignant uterine polyps was 2.73%. […] The chance of malignancy increased if the polyps caused symptoms. The chance of malignancy was 5.14% in those who experienced symptoms and 1.89% in those who did not. […] The treatment for uterine polyps will depend on a person’s symptoms, the risk of malignancy, and fertility concerns. […] If treatment is necessary, it typically involves surgical removal.

• #40 Uterine Polyps: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/uterine-cancer/risk-factors/uterine-polyps

  Uterine polyps, often referred to as endometrial polyps, are abnormal growths that develop on the inner lining of the uterus, or endometrium. Most of these polyps are benign, meaning theyre not cancerous. However, in rare instances, they may become precancerous or cancerous. […] Among women undergoing hysterectomy or localized endometrial biopsy, the prevalence of polyps is estimated to be between 10 percent and 24 percent, research shows. […] While most uterine polyps are benign, a small percentage may be precancerous or cancerous. A comprehensive mega analysis published in the European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology found that just 2.73 percent of polyps in women are cancerous. […] It’s important to note that any uterine polyp should be evaluated by a health care provider to rule out the possibility of cancer. […] Regular gynecological checkups may help detect these growths early, when they can be more easily managed, and even before they cause complications or unpleasant symptoms.

• #41 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #42 Endometrial Polyps – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2018/10/19/obg-project-draft-endometrial-polyps/

  The prevalence of malignant lesions among post menopausal women with polyps ranges in literature between 3-6%. […] This study concluded that the risk of malignancy is highest (12.3%) in patients at least 59 years old with abnormal uterine bleeding. […] Clinically, therefore, hysteroscopy should be performed with menopausal patients over 59 yo with endometrial polyp and postmenopausal bleeding (Bel). […] Approximately 95% of polyps are benign (Baiocchi). […] Hysteroscopic polypectomy is the gold standard in terms of removal of polyps. […] Management of asymptomatic polyps depends on likelihood of malignancy associated with polyp or concerns of infertility. […] Polyps should always be removed in post menopausal women, as they carry the greatest risk of malignancy.

• #43 Uterine Polyps | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/uterine-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are rare among women younger than 20 years of age. The incidence rises steadily with increasing age, peaks in the fifth decade of life, and gradually declines after menopause. […] Obesity increases the levels of estrogen in the blood, so also will increase the risk of uterine polyps. Tamoxifen therapy is also a risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps; 8-36% of postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen develop polyps. […] The great majority (95%) of endometrial polyps are benign, but women who experience bleeding symptoms or who are postmenopausal are more likely to have a cancerous or precancerous polyp.

• #44 Uterine Polyps: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14683-uterine-polyps

  Uterine polyps are growths that occur in the inner lining (endometrium) of your uterus. Uterine polyps are usually noncancerous, but they may cause problems with periods (menstruation) or fertility if theyre left untreated. […] Age is a major predictor of polyps. Youre most likely to develop uterine polyps in your 40s and 50s, around the time when youre approaching menopause (perimenopause). Uterine polyps can occur after menopause (postmenopause), but they rarely affect people under 20 years old. […] Its difficult to tell. Uterine polyps are sometimes asymptomatic, meaning they dont cause symptoms. For this reason, many people with uterine polyps may never receive a diagnosis. Research does suggest that polyps are more common in certain populations. For instance, theyre more common in people whove gone through menopause than those who havent. […] Your chance of developing uterine polyps also increases if you have overweight (BMI 25 30) or obese (BMI 30). […] Only about 5% of uterine polyps are cancerous. Your risk is greater of a polyp being cancerous if youre postmenopausal or if youre experiencing abnormal bleeding.

• #45 Prevalence and predictors of atypical histology in endometrial polyps removed by hysteroscopy: A secondary analysis from the SICMIG hysteroscopy trial – Facts, Views and Vision in ObGyn

  https://fvvo.eu/articles/prevalence-and-predictors-of-atypical-histology-in-endometrial-polyps-removed-by-hysteroscopy-a-secondary-analysis-from-the-sicmig-hysteroscopy-trial/doi/deneme.14.3.053

  The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of atypical hyperplasia (AH) and endometrial cancer (EC) within endometrial polyps (EPs) removed by hysteroscopy. […] At histological analysis, in 1404 patients (97.8%) EPs were classified as benign, whereas in 32 patients (2.2%) EPs were diagnosed as atypical (i.e. with AH or EC). Specifically, AH and EC were found in 17 (1.2%) and 15 (1.0%) cases, respectively. […] The prevalence of endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia in endometrial polyps is low, although it is increased in women who are overweight, older than 54 years of age or with a polyp larger than 2cm.

• #46 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #47 Endometrial Polyps – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2018/10/19/obg-project-draft-endometrial-polyps/

  The prevalence of malignant lesions among post menopausal women with polyps ranges in literature between 3-6%. […] This study concluded that the risk of malignancy is highest (12.3%) in patients at least 59 years old with abnormal uterine bleeding. […] Clinically, therefore, hysteroscopy should be performed with menopausal patients over 59 yo with endometrial polyp and postmenopausal bleeding (Bel). […] Approximately 95% of polyps are benign (Baiocchi). […] Hysteroscopic polypectomy is the gold standard in terms of removal of polyps. […] Management of asymptomatic polyps depends on likelihood of malignancy associated with polyp or concerns of infertility. […] Polyps should always be removed in post menopausal women, as they carry the greatest risk of malignancy.

• #48 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #49 Endometrial hyperplasia and polyps | Cancer Australia

  https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/endometrial-cancer/what-are-risk-factors-endometrial-cancer/medical-history-and-2

  There is convincing evidence of a small association between endometrial polyps and risk of endometrial cancer. Studies suggest that around 2–3% of endometrial polyps can become malignant (develop into cancer). The risk of endometrial polyps becoming malignant is higher if the polyps are causing bleeding, and if polyps occur in women who have reached menopause. […] Endometrial polyps are thought to be caused by overstimulation of endometrial glands by the female hormone oestrogen (or chemicals with similar effects to oestrogen).

• #50 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #51 Endometrial hyperplasia and polyps | Cancer Australia

  https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/endometrial-cancer/what-are-risk-factors-endometrial-cancer/medical-history-and-2

  There is convincing evidence of a small association between endometrial polyps and risk of endometrial cancer. Studies suggest that around 2–3% of endometrial polyps can become malignant (develop into cancer). The risk of endometrial polyps becoming malignant is higher if the polyps are causing bleeding, and if polyps occur in women who have reached menopause. […] Endometrial polyps are thought to be caused by overstimulation of endometrial glands by the female hormone oestrogen (or chemicals with similar effects to oestrogen).

• #52 Endometrial Polyp – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557824/

  Endometrial polyps occur in all age groups, with a peak incidence between the age of 40 to 49. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in reproductive-aged women with abnormal uterine bleeding is estimated between 20 to 40 percent. Endometrial polyps are found in approximately 10 percent of women at the time of autopsy. Premenopausal females are less likely to have malignant endometrial polyps compared to postmenopausal females. […] The prevalence of malignant endometrial polyps in symptomatic postmenopausal females is 4.47% compared with 1.51% in an asymptomatic postmenopausal female. Additional risk factors for malignant endometrial polyps include age greater than 60, large-sized polyps, menopause status, symptomatic bleeding, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.

• #53 Malignancy risk factors based on endometrial polyp | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-024-03406-3

  The probability of developing premalignant or malignant carcinoma from endometrial polyps is reported to be 10 times greater in postmenopausal and symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic and premenopausal cases. […] The cut-off value for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to predict malignancy was determined at 122.5, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 77%. […] The cut-off value for CRP to predict malignancy was determined as 9.7, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96%. […] The cut-off value for polyp length to predict malignancy was determined at 2.25 cm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 82%. […] The cut-off value for Endometrial thickness to predict malignancy was determined as 11 mm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 64%.

• #54 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Although in polyps, risk of underlying malignancy is not very high, careful clinical evaluation to rule it out is critical. In postmenopausal women who have AUB, risk of finding precancerous pathology in polyps may be as high as 6%. Risk factors that increase concerns about cancer include: postmenopausal status, obesity, AUB, polyp size, and even diabetes and hypertension. One study suggests that BMI 32 or endometrial thickness 10 mm increases risk of hyperplasia or malignancy. Use of tamoxifen, a common maintenance medication taken by women with a history of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer or who are at risk of breast cancer, has been shown to increase risk not only of endometrial polyps, but of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. […] Endometrial polyps, whether found on ultrasound during a workup for AUB or suspected to be the etiology of a patients infertility, are commonly encountered and easily managed with office-based hysteroscopic procedures. Given the underlying risk of malignancy in endometrial polyps, which may be as low as 0.5% to 3% in all women diagnosed with polyps or up to 6% in postmenopausal women presenting with bleeding, removal is strongly recommended with hysteroscopic polypectomy for eventual histopathologic diagnosis.

• #55 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Although in polyps, risk of underlying malignancy is not very high, careful clinical evaluation to rule it out is critical. In postmenopausal women who have AUB, risk of finding precancerous pathology in polyps may be as high as 6%. Risk factors that increase concerns about cancer include: postmenopausal status, obesity, AUB, polyp size, and even diabetes and hypertension. One study suggests that BMI 32 or endometrial thickness 10 mm increases risk of hyperplasia or malignancy. Use of tamoxifen, a common maintenance medication taken by women with a history of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer or who are at risk of breast cancer, has been shown to increase risk not only of endometrial polyps, but of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. […] Endometrial polyps, whether found on ultrasound during a workup for AUB or suspected to be the etiology of a patients infertility, are commonly encountered and easily managed with office-based hysteroscopic procedures. Given the underlying risk of malignancy in endometrial polyps, which may be as low as 0.5% to 3% in all women diagnosed with polyps or up to 6% in postmenopausal women presenting with bleeding, removal is strongly recommended with hysteroscopic polypectomy for eventual histopathologic diagnosis.

• #56 Malignancy risk factors based on endometrial polyp | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-024-03406-3

  The probability of developing premalignant or malignant carcinoma from endometrial polyps is reported to be 10 times greater in postmenopausal and symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic and premenopausal cases. […] The cut-off value for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to predict malignancy was determined at 122.5, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 77%. […] The cut-off value for CRP to predict malignancy was determined as 9.7, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96%. […] The cut-off value for polyp length to predict malignancy was determined at 2.25 cm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 82%. […] The cut-off value for Endometrial thickness to predict malignancy was determined as 11 mm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 64%.

• #57 Malignancy risk factors based on endometrial polyp | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-024-03406-3

  The probability of developing premalignant or malignant carcinoma from endometrial polyps is reported to be 10 times greater in postmenopausal and symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic and premenopausal cases. […] The cut-off value for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to predict malignancy was determined at 122.5, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 77%. […] The cut-off value for CRP to predict malignancy was determined as 9.7, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96%. […] The cut-off value for polyp length to predict malignancy was determined at 2.25 cm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 82%. […] The cut-off value for Endometrial thickness to predict malignancy was determined as 11 mm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 64%.

• #58 Malignancy risk factors based on endometrial polyp | BMC Women’s Health | Full Text

  https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-024-03406-3

  The probability of developing premalignant or malignant carcinoma from endometrial polyps is reported to be 10 times greater in postmenopausal and symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic and premenopausal cases. […] The cut-off value for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to predict malignancy was determined at 122.5, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 77%. […] The cut-off value for CRP to predict malignancy was determined as 9.7, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96%. […] The cut-off value for polyp length to predict malignancy was determined at 2.25 cm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 82%. […] The cut-off value for Endometrial thickness to predict malignancy was determined as 11 mm, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 64%.

• #59

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2017/10001/high_prevalence_of_colon_polyps_in_patients_with.2685.aspx

  Among the 106 patients with endometrial polyps, 67 (63%) had colorectal polyps as well. […] Our study reveals a higher prevalence of colon neoplasia in females with endometrial polyps. […] Therefore, and as such further studies are needed to determine whether females with endometrial polyps would benefit from an increased colorectal neoplasia screening and surveillance.

• #60

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2017/10001/high_prevalence_of_colon_polyps_in_patients_with.2685.aspx

  Among the 106 patients with endometrial polyps, 67 (63%) had colorectal polyps as well. […] Our study reveals a higher prevalence of colon neoplasia in females with endometrial polyps. […] Therefore, and as such further studies are needed to determine whether females with endometrial polyps would benefit from an increased colorectal neoplasia screening and surveillance.

• #61 Prevalence of endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids and associated factors – Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

  https://tjoddergisi.org/articles/prevalence-of-endometrial-polyps-coexisting-with-uterine-fibroids-and-associated-factors/doi/tjod.36043

  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of endometrial polyps in patients with uterine fibroids and associated factors of coexistence of these two pathologies. […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps in uterine fibroid cases was found 20.1% (n=155). […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids was 20.1%. […] Increased age was found as a risk factor for endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids. […] Hypertension was more common (23.9% vs. 17.5%; p=0.047) in women with endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The endometrial polyp rate was higher in women with 2 fibroids (OR 1.51; 95% CI: [1.02-2.24]) and with a largest fibroid 8 cm (OR 1.67; 95% CI: [1.10-2.50]). […] Presence of endometrial hyperplasia (OR 4.00; 95% CI: [1.92-8.33]) and cervical polyps (OR 3.13; 95% CI: [1.69-5.88]) were found significantly associated with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The present study showed that age, number of fibroids, size of the largest fibroid, presence of hypertension, endometrial hyperplasia, and cervical polyps were associated factors with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids.

• #62 Prevalence of endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids and associated factors – Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

  https://tjoddergisi.org/articles/prevalence-of-endometrial-polyps-coexisting-with-uterine-fibroids-and-associated-factors/doi/tjod.36043

  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of endometrial polyps in patients with uterine fibroids and associated factors of coexistence of these two pathologies. […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps in uterine fibroid cases was found 20.1% (n=155). […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids was 20.1%. […] Increased age was found as a risk factor for endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids. […] Hypertension was more common (23.9% vs. 17.5%; p=0.047) in women with endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The endometrial polyp rate was higher in women with 2 fibroids (OR 1.51; 95% CI: [1.02-2.24]) and with a largest fibroid 8 cm (OR 1.67; 95% CI: [1.10-2.50]). […] Presence of endometrial hyperplasia (OR 4.00; 95% CI: [1.92-8.33]) and cervical polyps (OR 3.13; 95% CI: [1.69-5.88]) were found significantly associated with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The present study showed that age, number of fibroids, size of the largest fibroid, presence of hypertension, endometrial hyperplasia, and cervical polyps were associated factors with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids.

• #63 Prevalence of endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids and associated factors – Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

  https://tjoddergisi.org/articles/prevalence-of-endometrial-polyps-coexisting-with-uterine-fibroids-and-associated-factors/doi/tjod.36043

  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of endometrial polyps in patients with uterine fibroids and associated factors of coexistence of these two pathologies. […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps in uterine fibroid cases was found 20.1% (n=155). […] The prevalence of the endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids was 20.1%. […] Increased age was found as a risk factor for endometrial polyps coexisting with uterine fibroids. […] Hypertension was more common (23.9% vs. 17.5%; p=0.047) in women with endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The endometrial polyp rate was higher in women with 2 fibroids (OR 1.51; 95% CI: [1.02-2.24]) and with a largest fibroid 8 cm (OR 1.67; 95% CI: [1.10-2.50]). […] Presence of endometrial hyperplasia (OR 4.00; 95% CI: [1.92-8.33]) and cervical polyps (OR 3.13; 95% CI: [1.69-5.88]) were found significantly associated with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids. […] The present study showed that age, number of fibroids, size of the largest fibroid, presence of hypertension, endometrial hyperplasia, and cervical polyps were associated factors with the coexistence of endometrial polyps and uterine fibroids.

• #64 Uterine polyps – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/uterine-polyps/symptoms-causes/syc-20378709

  Uterine polyps are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus that expand into the uterus. Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, form as a result of cells in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) overgrowing. These polyps are usually noncancerous (benign), although some can be cancerous or can turn into cancer (precancerous polyps). […] Uterine polyps are most common in people who are going through or have completed menopause. But younger people can get them, too. […] Risk factors for developing uterine polyps include: Being perimenopausal or postmenopausal. […] Uterine polyps might be associated with infertility. If you have uterine polyps and you’re unable to have children, removal of the polyps might allow you to become pregnant, but the data are inconclusive.

• #65 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Endometrial polyps are thought to impact fertility, and removal is recommended prior to initiating treatment, especially before proceeding with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Some proposed mechanisms by which polyps are thought to impact fertility include inhibition of implantation, endometrial inflammation, mechanical blockage of sperm from fertilization, or changes in endometrial receptivity. In the infertile population, prevalence of polyps is thought to be between 11% and 45%, which is higher than in the general population. Hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps found incidentally during fertility evaluation is recommended, with one study showing post-polypectomy implantation rates during IVF to be similar to those in women who do not have endometrial polyps. […] Because AUB triggers further evaluation of potential etiologies, endometrial polyps are often diagnosed on ultrasound. The sonographic finding suggestive of an endometrial polyp is a bright, hyperechoic area visualized within the endometrium. Using power doppler sonography may reveal a single-vessel pattern of blood flow to the polyp compared to fibroids, which more often show an enhancing rim of vessels.

• #66 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Endometrial polyps are thought to impact fertility, and removal is recommended prior to initiating treatment, especially before proceeding with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Some proposed mechanisms by which polyps are thought to impact fertility include inhibition of implantation, endometrial inflammation, mechanical blockage of sperm from fertilization, or changes in endometrial receptivity. In the infertile population, prevalence of polyps is thought to be between 11% and 45%, which is higher than in the general population. Hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps found incidentally during fertility evaluation is recommended, with one study showing post-polypectomy implantation rates during IVF to be similar to those in women who do not have endometrial polyps. […] Because AUB triggers further evaluation of potential etiologies, endometrial polyps are often diagnosed on ultrasound. The sonographic finding suggestive of an endometrial polyp is a bright, hyperechoic area visualized within the endometrium. Using power doppler sonography may reveal a single-vessel pattern of blood flow to the polyp compared to fibroids, which more often show an enhancing rim of vessels.

• #67 Endometrial Polyps: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/endometrial-polyps/

  Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is the first-line method for evaluating women with abnormal vaginal bleeding. […] Small, asymptomatic polyps in people before menopause often require no treatment, but will instead be monitored for changes or an increase in symptoms. […] Uterine polyp removal, called a polypectomy, which is carried out using a hysteroscopy, is the standard procedure. […] In most cases, endometrial polyps do not recur after they have been removed by polypectomy. […] It is thought that endometrial polyps may have a negative impact on a persons fertility, but further research is needed in this field. […] Roughly 95 percent of the time, endometrial polyps are benign, meaning they are noncancerous. In about five percent of cases they are linked to cancer.

• #68 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Endometrial polyps are thought to impact fertility, and removal is recommended prior to initiating treatment, especially before proceeding with in vitro fertilization (IVF). Some proposed mechanisms by which polyps are thought to impact fertility include inhibition of implantation, endometrial inflammation, mechanical blockage of sperm from fertilization, or changes in endometrial receptivity. In the infertile population, prevalence of polyps is thought to be between 11% and 45%, which is higher than in the general population. Hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps found incidentally during fertility evaluation is recommended, with one study showing post-polypectomy implantation rates during IVF to be similar to those in women who do not have endometrial polyps. […] Because AUB triggers further evaluation of potential etiologies, endometrial polyps are often diagnosed on ultrasound. The sonographic finding suggestive of an endometrial polyp is a bright, hyperechoic area visualized within the endometrium. Using power doppler sonography may reveal a single-vessel pattern of blood flow to the polyp compared to fibroids, which more often show an enhancing rim of vessels.

• #69 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Because endometrial polyps are often the culprit in AUB, treatment is warranted to decrease a patients symptoms and confirm the diagnosis, especially because benign and malignant polyps cannot be reliably distinguished with imaging alone. Hysteroscopy with polypectomy is the treatment of choice, serving both as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. With office hysteroscopy now widely available, it is much easier to address polyps than in the past. Office hysteroscopy can be used for both diagnosis and treatment and it has the ability to immediately confirm successful polyp removal; therefore, it serves as the gold standard for management of endometrial polyps. […] Treatment of all visible endometrial polyps is recommended, but some patients decline removal, perhaps because they are asymptomatic. In those cases, data on the natural history of polyps may help guide clinical management. One retrospective study estimated that 6.3% of polyps may spontaneously resolve after 6 months in premenopausal women, however, 15% of these patients may develop AUB in that same time period. Hysteroscopic polypectomy should be recommended and advocated, especially in patients with higher risk factors for malignant transformation.

• #70 Adenomyosis and Endometrial Polyps – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/obgyn/infertility-reproductive-surgery/cysts-and-fibroids/fibroid-line-conditions-adenomyosis-and-endometrial-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are excess outgrowths of the endometrium (innermost uterine layer) in the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of polyps is estimated to be 10 percent to 24 percent of women undergoing hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) or localized endometrial biopsy. […] Endometrial polyps are often diagnosed by microscopic examination of a specimen obtained after endometrial biopsy or after DC (dilation and curettage) but can also be diagnosed on ultrasound or hysteroscopy.

• #71 Adenomyosis and Endometrial Polyps – Brigham and Women’s Hospital

  https://www.brighamandwomens.org/obgyn/infertility-reproductive-surgery/cysts-and-fibroids/fibroid-line-conditions-adenomyosis-and-endometrial-polyps

  Endometrial polyps are excess outgrowths of the endometrium (innermost uterine layer) in the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of polyps is estimated to be 10 percent to 24 percent of women undergoing hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) or localized endometrial biopsy. […] Endometrial polyps are often diagnosed by microscopic examination of a specimen obtained after endometrial biopsy or after DC (dilation and curettage) but can also be diagnosed on ultrasound or hysteroscopy.

• #72 To Determine the Frequency of Endometrial Polyps in Patients Presenting with Irregular per Vaginal Bleeding

  https://fortuneonline.org/articles/to-determine-the-frequency-of-endometrial-polyps-in-patients-presenting-with-irregular-per-vaginal-bleeding.html

  Endometrial polyps can cause symptoms, and might be associated with endometrial cancer. […] A meta-analysis showed that in women with postmenopausal bleeding endometrial Polyps reported up to 40%. […] This study will help in establishing local statistics in our population on frequency of endometrial polyps with irregular per vaginal bleeding as different studies have reported different results and also no single study has been conducted in our hospital on this topic. […] In our study population histopathological study of the polyp showed two malignant polyps. […] In our study, 3.9% (7 women) had recurrence in the mean follow-up period of 37.5728.12 months.

• #73 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  Our nomogram based on age, BMI, polyp size, progesterone treatment, and endometrial thickening accurately predicted the risk of polyp recurrence after endometrial polypectomy and can be applied in clinical practice. […] In this study, recurrence after endometrial polypectomy was taken as the dependent variable (no recurrence =0, recurrence =1), while age (35 years =0, 35 years =1), BMI (28 kg/m2 =0, 28 kg/m2 =1), polyp size (2 cm =0, 2 cm =1), postoperative progesterone treatment (not used =0, used =1) after first hysteroscopy, and endometrial thickening (no thickening =0, thickening =1) were independent variables, and logistic analysis was performed. The results showed that age, BMI, polyp size and endometrial thickening were independent risk factors for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy. Progesterone therapy after first hysteroscopy was an independent protective factor for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy.

• #74 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  Our nomogram based on age, BMI, polyp size, progesterone treatment, and endometrial thickening accurately predicted the risk of polyp recurrence after endometrial polypectomy and can be applied in clinical practice. […] In this study, recurrence after endometrial polypectomy was taken as the dependent variable (no recurrence =0, recurrence =1), while age (35 years =0, 35 years =1), BMI (28 kg/m2 =0, 28 kg/m2 =1), polyp size (2 cm =0, 2 cm =1), postoperative progesterone treatment (not used =0, used =1) after first hysteroscopy, and endometrial thickening (no thickening =0, thickening =1) were independent variables, and logistic analysis was performed. The results showed that age, BMI, polyp size and endometrial thickening were independent risk factors for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy. Progesterone therapy after first hysteroscopy was an independent protective factor for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy.

• #75 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  Our nomogram based on age, BMI, polyp size, progesterone treatment, and endometrial thickening accurately predicted the risk of polyp recurrence after endometrial polypectomy and can be applied in clinical practice. […] In this study, recurrence after endometrial polypectomy was taken as the dependent variable (no recurrence =0, recurrence =1), while age (35 years =0, 35 years =1), BMI (28 kg/m2 =0, 28 kg/m2 =1), polyp size (2 cm =0, 2 cm =1), postoperative progesterone treatment (not used =0, used =1) after first hysteroscopy, and endometrial thickening (no thickening =0, thickening =1) were independent variables, and logistic analysis was performed. The results showed that age, BMI, polyp size and endometrial thickening were independent risk factors for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy. Progesterone therapy after first hysteroscopy was an independent protective factor for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy.

• #76 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  Our nomogram based on age, BMI, polyp size, progesterone treatment, and endometrial thickening accurately predicted the risk of polyp recurrence after endometrial polypectomy and can be applied in clinical practice. […] In this study, recurrence after endometrial polypectomy was taken as the dependent variable (no recurrence =0, recurrence =1), while age (35 years =0, 35 years =1), BMI (28 kg/m2 =0, 28 kg/m2 =1), polyp size (2 cm =0, 2 cm =1), postoperative progesterone treatment (not used =0, used =1) after first hysteroscopy, and endometrial thickening (no thickening =0, thickening =1) were independent variables, and logistic analysis was performed. The results showed that age, BMI, polyp size and endometrial thickening were independent risk factors for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy. Progesterone therapy after first hysteroscopy was an independent protective factor for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy.

• #77 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  Our nomogram based on age, BMI, polyp size, progesterone treatment, and endometrial thickening accurately predicted the risk of polyp recurrence after endometrial polypectomy and can be applied in clinical practice. […] In this study, recurrence after endometrial polypectomy was taken as the dependent variable (no recurrence =0, recurrence =1), while age (35 years =0, 35 years =1), BMI (28 kg/m2 =0, 28 kg/m2 =1), polyp size (2 cm =0, 2 cm =1), postoperative progesterone treatment (not used =0, used =1) after first hysteroscopy, and endometrial thickening (no thickening =0, thickening =1) were independent variables, and logistic analysis was performed. The results showed that age, BMI, polyp size and endometrial thickening were independent risk factors for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy. Progesterone therapy after first hysteroscopy was an independent protective factor for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy.

• #78 Uterine Polyps: How Quickly Can They Regrow | Audubon Fertility

  https://www.audubonfertility.com/post/uterine-polyps-how-quickly-can-they-regrow

  Uterine polyps are abnormal growths that develop within the inner lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. The prevalence of uterine polyps is relatively common. […] The regrowth of uterine polyps can be influenced by several factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for predicting and managing the recurrence of polyps. […] Age and menopausal status are also factors that can affect the regrowth of uterine polyps. The incidence of uterine polyps tends to increase with age, particularly in women who have reached perimenopause or menopause. […] Minimizing the risk of regrowth is an essential goal in the management of uterine polyps. Several strategies can be employed to reduce the chances of polyp recurrence. […] Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential in detecting and managing any potential regrowth of uterine polyps.

• #79 Endometrial polyps – Pathway

  https://m.pathway.md/diseases/endometrial-polyps-recARMn6axITEd9Hx

  Endometrial polyps are generally benign focal overgrowths of endometrial tissue projecting into the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps ranges from 7.8% to 47.8%, depending on the definition and population studied, with higher prevalence observed among older women and in patients with a history of tamoxifen use, infertility, or endometriosis. […] Risk factors for endometrial polyps include advanced age, postmenopausal state, and a history of tamoxifen use. Hypertension and obesity are also associated with an increased risk of endometrial polyps. […] Indications for referral: as per SOGC 2024 guidelines, refer patients with endometrial polyps and any of the following to a gynecologist for further evaluation and consideration of polyp resection: age ≥ 60 years, postmenopausal state, postmenopausal bleeding, taking tamoxifen.

• #80 Endometrial polyps – Pathway

  https://m.pathway.md/diseases/endometrial-polyps-recARMn6axITEd9Hx

  Endometrial polyps are generally benign focal overgrowths of endometrial tissue projecting into the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps ranges from 7.8% to 47.8%, depending on the definition and population studied, with higher prevalence observed among older women and in patients with a history of tamoxifen use, infertility, or endometriosis. […] Risk factors for endometrial polyps include advanced age, postmenopausal state, and a history of tamoxifen use. Hypertension and obesity are also associated with an increased risk of endometrial polyps. […] Indications for referral: as per SOGC 2024 guidelines, refer patients with endometrial polyps and any of the following to a gynecologist for further evaluation and consideration of polyp resection: age ≥ 60 years, postmenopausal state, postmenopausal bleeding, taking tamoxifen.

• #81 Endometrial polyps – Pathway

  https://m.pathway.md/diseases/endometrial-polyps-recARMn6axITEd9Hx

  Endometrial polyps are generally benign focal overgrowths of endometrial tissue projecting into the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps ranges from 7.8% to 47.8%, depending on the definition and population studied, with higher prevalence observed among older women and in patients with a history of tamoxifen use, infertility, or endometriosis. […] Risk factors for endometrial polyps include advanced age, postmenopausal state, and a history of tamoxifen use. Hypertension and obesity are also associated with an increased risk of endometrial polyps. […] Indications for referral: as per SOGC 2024 guidelines, refer patients with endometrial polyps and any of the following to a gynecologist for further evaluation and consideration of polyp resection: age ≥ 60 years, postmenopausal state, postmenopausal bleeding, taking tamoxifen.

• #82 Endometrial polyps – Pathway

  https://m.pathway.md/diseases/endometrial-polyps-recARMn6axITEd9Hx

  Endometrial polyps are generally benign focal overgrowths of endometrial tissue projecting into the uterine cavity. […] The prevalence of endometrial polyps ranges from 7.8% to 47.8%, depending on the definition and population studied, with higher prevalence observed among older women and in patients with a history of tamoxifen use, infertility, or endometriosis. […] Risk factors for endometrial polyps include advanced age, postmenopausal state, and a history of tamoxifen use. Hypertension and obesity are also associated with an increased risk of endometrial polyps. […] Indications for referral: as per SOGC 2024 guidelines, refer patients with endometrial polyps and any of the following to a gynecologist for further evaluation and consideration of polyp resection: age ≥ 60 years, postmenopausal state, postmenopausal bleeding, taking tamoxifen.

• #83 :: YMJ :: Yonsei Medical Journal

  https://www.eymj.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3349/ymj.2020.61.4.317

  Evaluation of endometrial thickness by ultrasonography is the most commonly used tool for gynecologic surveillance in tamoxifen-treated BC patients. However, the diagnostic accuracy of this method is not particularly great, even when setting the cut-off value at 10 mm. […] According to guidelines from the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, premenopausal patients with a history of tamoxifen use involve no known increased risk of endometrial cancer and do not require any further monitoring beyond routine gynecologic examinations. […] Although the potential for malignant transformation is lower in premenopausal patients than in postmenopausal BC patients, we suggest that removal of endometrial polyps ought to be considered in premenopausal tamoxifen-treated BC patients.

• #84 :: YMJ :: Yonsei Medical Journal

  https://www.eymj.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3349/ymj.2020.61.4.317

  Evaluation of endometrial thickness by ultrasonography is the most commonly used tool for gynecologic surveillance in tamoxifen-treated BC patients. However, the diagnostic accuracy of this method is not particularly great, even when setting the cut-off value at 10 mm. […] According to guidelines from the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, premenopausal patients with a history of tamoxifen use involve no known increased risk of endometrial cancer and do not require any further monitoring beyond routine gynecologic examinations. […] Although the potential for malignant transformation is lower in premenopausal patients than in postmenopausal BC patients, we suggest that removal of endometrial polyps ought to be considered in premenopausal tamoxifen-treated BC patients.

• #85 Endometrial Polyps – Uterine Abnormalities – Tennessee Reproductive Specialists

  https://www.nashvillefertility.com/treatment-and-care/endometrial-polyps/

  A woman can develop a single endometrial polyp or multiple polyps. Polyps can irritate the endometrium, cause bleeding, and trigger an immune response by the body to try to get rid of the polyp. Because the polyps develop in the same place an embryo would implant, this immune response prevents an embryo from implanting. […] The cause of endometrial polyps is not known, but some factors increase a woman’s risk of developing them. […] Your physician will begin by taking your medical history and asking specific questions about your menstrual cycles, including whether you’re having difficulty getting pregnant. The doctor also will perform a pelvic exam and Pap test. […] Additional tests may be ordered to diagnose polyps or other uterine abnormalities. […] The majority of uterine polyps are benign (noncancerous), but findings also can include precancerous or cancerous cells.

• #86 Endometrial Polyps – Uterine Abnormalities – Tennessee Reproductive Specialists

  https://www.nashvillefertility.com/treatment-and-care/endometrial-polyps/

  A woman can develop a single endometrial polyp or multiple polyps. Polyps can irritate the endometrium, cause bleeding, and trigger an immune response by the body to try to get rid of the polyp. Because the polyps develop in the same place an embryo would implant, this immune response prevents an embryo from implanting. […] The cause of endometrial polyps is not known, but some factors increase a woman’s risk of developing them. […] Your physician will begin by taking your medical history and asking specific questions about your menstrual cycles, including whether you’re having difficulty getting pregnant. The doctor also will perform a pelvic exam and Pap test. […] Additional tests may be ordered to diagnose polyps or other uterine abnormalities. […] The majority of uterine polyps are benign (noncancerous), but findings also can include precancerous or cancerous cells.

• #87 Endometrial Polyps – Uterine Abnormalities – Tennessee Reproductive Specialists

  https://www.nashvillefertility.com/treatment-and-care/endometrial-polyps/

  A woman can develop a single endometrial polyp or multiple polyps. Polyps can irritate the endometrium, cause bleeding, and trigger an immune response by the body to try to get rid of the polyp. Because the polyps develop in the same place an embryo would implant, this immune response prevents an embryo from implanting. […] The cause of endometrial polyps is not known, but some factors increase a woman’s risk of developing them. […] Your physician will begin by taking your medical history and asking specific questions about your menstrual cycles, including whether you’re having difficulty getting pregnant. The doctor also will perform a pelvic exam and Pap test. […] Additional tests may be ordered to diagnose polyps or other uterine abnormalities. […] The majority of uterine polyps are benign (noncancerous), but findings also can include precancerous or cancerous cells.

• #88 Endometrial Polyps: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/endometrial-polyps/

  Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is the first-line method for evaluating women with abnormal vaginal bleeding. […] Small, asymptomatic polyps in people before menopause often require no treatment, but will instead be monitored for changes or an increase in symptoms. […] Uterine polyp removal, called a polypectomy, which is carried out using a hysteroscopy, is the standard procedure. […] In most cases, endometrial polyps do not recur after they have been removed by polypectomy. […] It is thought that endometrial polyps may have a negative impact on a persons fertility, but further research is needed in this field. […] Roughly 95 percent of the time, endometrial polyps are benign, meaning they are noncancerous. In about five percent of cases they are linked to cancer.

• #89 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Endometrial polyps are common structural and epithelial abnormalities of the endometrium that are often encountered by gynecologists in office-based practice. These endometrial growths may be found incidentally in as many as 10% to 15% of asymptomatic women, and between 20% to 30% of women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Given their prevalence in patients presenting with AUB, polyps are considered as part of the FIGO classification for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding – PALM-COEIN. They may cause a variety of abnormal bleeding patterns, likely due to small muscular arteries found within the growths, but they can also be completely asymptomatic. Structural uterine pathologies often cause menstruation that is heavy or prolonged, albeit monthly, but polyps can also cause intermenstrual or postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial polyps are usually benign but in 0.5% to 3% of cases, they are malignant.

• #90 Endometrial polyps: In-office management

  https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/endometrial-polyps-office-management

  Endometrial polyps are common structural and epithelial abnormalities of the endometrium that are often encountered by gynecologists in office-based practice. These endometrial growths may be found incidentally in as many as 10% to 15% of asymptomatic women, and between 20% to 30% of women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Given their prevalence in patients presenting with AUB, polyps are considered as part of the FIGO classification for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding – PALM-COEIN. They may cause a variety of abnormal bleeding patterns, likely due to small muscular arteries found within the growths, but they can also be completely asymptomatic. Structural uterine pathologies often cause menstruation that is heavy or prolonged, albeit monthly, but polyps can also cause intermenstrual or postmenopausal bleeding. Endometrial polyps are usually benign but in 0.5% to 3% of cases, they are malignant.

• #91 Polyps | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polyps

  Polyps can grow in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). […] They are relatively rare in young women, and more common in older women. The incidence decreases again after menopause. […] Symptoms of endometrial polyps can include: irregular menstrual cycle, spotting between periods, menorrhagia (or excessive bleeding) during the period. […] Endometrial polyps diagnosis is usually made by ultrasound. If needed a hysteroscopy can be performed. This involves the insertion of a specialised instrument into the uterus via the vagina. The hysteroscope is topped with a small camera, which allows the physician to see inside the uterus, and look for polyps. […] Endometrial polyps a surgical technique called curettage is generally used to treat endometrial polyps. The cervix (entrance to the uterus) is gently dilated, allowing the insertion of special instruments. The endometrium and associated polyps are removed.

• #92 Polyps | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polyps

  Polyps can grow in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). […] They are relatively rare in young women, and more common in older women. The incidence decreases again after menopause. […] Symptoms of endometrial polyps can include: irregular menstrual cycle, spotting between periods, menorrhagia (or excessive bleeding) during the period. […] Endometrial polyps diagnosis is usually made by ultrasound. If needed a hysteroscopy can be performed. This involves the insertion of a specialised instrument into the uterus via the vagina. The hysteroscope is topped with a small camera, which allows the physician to see inside the uterus, and look for polyps. […] Endometrial polyps a surgical technique called curettage is generally used to treat endometrial polyps. The cervix (entrance to the uterus) is gently dilated, allowing the insertion of special instruments. The endometrium and associated polyps are removed.

• #93 Polyps | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polyps

  Polyps can grow in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). […] They are relatively rare in young women, and more common in older women. The incidence decreases again after menopause. […] Symptoms of endometrial polyps can include: irregular menstrual cycle, spotting between periods, menorrhagia (or excessive bleeding) during the period. […] Endometrial polyps diagnosis is usually made by ultrasound. If needed a hysteroscopy can be performed. This involves the insertion of a specialised instrument into the uterus via the vagina. The hysteroscope is topped with a small camera, which allows the physician to see inside the uterus, and look for polyps. […] Endometrial polyps a surgical technique called curettage is generally used to treat endometrial polyps. The cervix (entrance to the uterus) is gently dilated, allowing the insertion of special instruments. The endometrium and associated polyps are removed.

• #94 Endometrial Polyps – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2018/10/19/obg-project-draft-endometrial-polyps/

  Endometrial polyps are a common condition that may be associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and pre-malignant and malignant conditions. Reported prevalence ranges between 7.8 to 32.9%, depending on diagnostic method and population studied (Salim, Dreisler, Fabres). Prevalence tends to increase with age and has been reported more with post menopausal (12%) than premenopausal women (6%) (Salim). […] Roughly 44% of polyps in women are asymptomatic, therefore incidental findings are very common (Hassa). Abnormal uterine bleeding, including intermenstrual bleeding and post menopausal bleeding, is the most common symptom, occurring in 68% of women with polyps and (Salim, Golan). […] A recent study of 112 women managed for a mean of 22.5 months shows that there is no association between development on symptoms and polyp growth rate, so routine ultrasound to monitor growth cannot necessarily predict the onset of symptoms.

• #95 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  Our nomogram based on age, BMI, polyp size, progesterone treatment, and endometrial thickening accurately predicted the risk of polyp recurrence after endometrial polypectomy and can be applied in clinical practice. […] In this study, recurrence after endometrial polypectomy was taken as the dependent variable (no recurrence =0, recurrence =1), while age (35 years =0, 35 years =1), BMI (28 kg/m2 =0, 28 kg/m2 =1), polyp size (2 cm =0, 2 cm =1), postoperative progesterone treatment (not used =0, used =1) after first hysteroscopy, and endometrial thickening (no thickening =0, thickening =1) were independent variables, and logistic analysis was performed. The results showed that age, BMI, polyp size and endometrial thickening were independent risk factors for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy. Progesterone therapy after first hysteroscopy was an independent protective factor for recurrence after endometrial polypectomy.

• #96 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  The calibration curves of the nomogram prediction models were compared. The maximum offset between the nomogram and ideal curves constructed in this study was 0.083, and the minimum offset between the model and the ideal model was 0.021. The height of the nomogram curve was close to that of the ideal curve. The unreliability (U) test showed P=0.898, greater than 0.05, thus the nomogram model passed the calibration test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.886, indicating that the models predictive ability was good.

• #97 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  The calibration curves of the nomogram prediction models were compared. The maximum offset between the nomogram and ideal curves constructed in this study was 0.083, and the minimum offset between the model and the ideal model was 0.021. The height of the nomogram curve was close to that of the ideal curve. The unreliability (U) test showed P=0.898, greater than 0.05, thus the nomogram model passed the calibration test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.886, indicating that the models predictive ability was good.

• #98 Analysis of risk factors and model establishment of recurrence after endometrial polypectomy – Liu – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/82837/html

  The calibration curves of the nomogram prediction models were compared. The maximum offset between the nomogram and ideal curves constructed in this study was 0.083, and the minimum offset between the model and the ideal model was 0.021. The height of the nomogram curve was close to that of the ideal curve. The unreliability (U) test showed P=0.898, greater than 0.05, thus the nomogram model passed the calibration test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.886, indicating that the models predictive ability was good.

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