Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in a clinical population: gender and sub-population diferences

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6932846/

  Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is defined by a delay in the major sleep episode relative to desired or required sleep and wake times. The objectives of this study were to evaluate DSWPD in our population and to compare it with similar clinical data, to analyse gender differences, and to identify possible subpopulations based on circadian timing and alignment. In our DSWPD cohort, there were gender differences for different age groups (p=0.028). Men were more likely to be single and women more likely to be married (p=0.034). In students, school failure was higher for women (p0.001); for workers, absenteeism was higher in women (p=0.001). In this clinical population, DSWPD is more prevalent in young men and in middle age women, although with no overall significant differences between genders. There are two different phenotypes of DSWPD: circadian misaligned and circadian aligned. DSWPD is more prevalent in teenagers and young adults (7-16%) than in middle-aged adults (3.1%). A prevalence study for DSWPD performed in Norway in 1983 reported 0.17% of the Norway population were affected. A recent population-based study in New Zealand evaluating adults aged 20-59 demonstrated the prevalence of DSWPD to be between 1.51% and 8.90%, depending on the definition used. More experimental prospective epidemiological studies are needed to assess an accurate prevalence value for DSWPD, and to closely analyse the differences between the two circadian types of individuals diagnosed with DSWPD.

• #2 Delayed sleep phase – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/delayed-sleep-phase/symptoms-causes/syc-20353340

  Delayed sleep phase is a sleep disorder that affects the internal clock, known as circadian rhythm. People with this sleep disorder have sleep patterns that are delayed two hours or more from usual sleep patterns. They go to sleep later and wake later. This makes it hard to wake in time for work or school. Delayed sleep phase also is known as delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. […] Delayed sleep phase can affect children and adults of any age. However, delayed sleep phase is more common among teenagers and young adults.

• #3 Delayed sleep–wake phase disorder and its related sleep behaviors in the young generation

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10235460/

  Delayed sleepwake phase disorder (DSWPD) is a sleep disorder in which the habitual sleepwake timing is delayed, resulting in difficulty in falling asleep and waking up at the desired time. […] DSWPD is typically prevalent during adolescence and young adulthood. […] Although there are no studies comparing internationally, the prevalence of DSWPD is estimated to be approximately 3% with little racial differences between Caucasians and Asians. […] Recently, delayed sleep phase and prolonged sleep duration in the young generation have been reported during the period of COVID-19 pandemic-related behavioral restrictions. […] The higher prevalence of DSWPD in adolescents and young adults may reflect a preference for a night owl lifestyle and biological change in this generation. […] DSWPD has a prevalence of 0.17-1.51% in the general population, which is reported lower than that of DSP.

• #4 Delayed sleep phase disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_sleep_phase_disorder

  There have been several studies that have attempted to estimate the prevalence of DSPD. Results vary due to differences in methods of data collection and diagnostic criteria. A particular issue is where to draw the line between extreme evening chronotypes and clinical DSPD. […] Using the ICSD-1 diagnostic criteria (current edition ICSD-3) a study by telephone questionnaire in 1993 of 7,700 randomly selected adults (aged 1867) in Norway estimated the prevalence of DSPD at 0.17%. […] A similar study in 1999 of 1,525 adults (aged 1559) in Japan estimated its prevalence at 0.13%. […] A somewhat higher prevalence of 0.7% was found in a 1995 San Diego study. […] A 2014 study of 9100 New Zealand adults (age 2059) using a modified version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire found a DSPD prevalence of 1.5% to 8.9% depending on the strictness of the definition used. […] A marked delay of sleep patterns is a normal feature of the development of adolescent humans. […] As a result, diagnosable DSPD is much more prevalent among adolescents, with estimates ranging from 3.4% to 8.4% among high school students.

• #5 Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delayed-sleep-wake-phase-disorder/print

  Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is the most commonly encountered circadian rhythm sleep-wake phase disorder in adolescents. The prevalence of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is highest in adolescents and young adults, with rates estimated between 3.3 and 4.6 percent. The prevalence of DSWPD in adults is lower, with estimates between 0.2 to 1.7 percent. Although the prevalence of familial DSWPD has not been established, a family history is often present among afflicted individuals. Males and females seem to be affected in equal proportions.

• #6 Psychiatry.org – What are Sleep Disorders?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/sleep-disorders/what-are-sleep-disorders

  Prevalence of delayed sleep phase type (staying up late and getting up late) in the adult population has been estimated between 0.2 and 1.7% but may be as high as 4.6% in adolescents. […] The estimated prevalence of advanced sleep phase type (going to sleep early and waking early) is approximately 1% in middle-aged adults and it is more common in older adults.

• #7 Delayed sleep–wake phase disorder and its related sleep behaviors in the young generation

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10235460/

  In comparison, a survey of 10,220 adolescents aged 16-18 years in Norway found a relatively higher rate of 3.3%. […] A recent large Japanese survey estimated that 4.3% of the youth (15-30 years) is at risk for DSWPD. […] The results suggest that DSWPD is possibly more prevalent in the younger generation than in the older generations.

• #8 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome.html

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is a disorder in which a persons sleep is delayed by two hours or more beyond what is considered an acceptable or conventional bedtime. The prevalence of DSPS among adolescents and young adults is approximately seven to 16 percent. […] DSPS may develop in early childhood but most commonly it emerges or worsens during adolescence.

• #9 Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase – Sleep Education by the AASM

  https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/delayed-sleep-wake-phase/

  Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSP) is a circadian rhythm disorder. It consists of a typical sleep pattern that is “delayed” by two or more hours from societal norms. This delay occurs when your internal sleep clock (circadian rhythm) is shifted later at night and later in the morning. […] The exact rate of DSP is unknown in the general population. It is much more common in teens and young adults. About 7% to 16% of teens and young adults may have DSP. DSP is likely to be found in 10% of people with a complaint of insomnia. […] A family history of DSP is common in about 40% of people with the disorder and there is likely a genetic component. Some environmental factors may also be involved. Both a lack of exposure to morning sunlight and too much exposure to bright light in the evening may increase symptoms of DSP.

• #10 Bergen Open Research Archive: Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder. Prevalence, sleep, circadian rhythm and treatment

  https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/6956

  Adolescence is often characterized by delayed and irregular sleep patterns, with potential negative consequences in terms of school performance and daytime functioning. At the most extreme, a stably delayed sleep phase may reflect a circadian rhythm sleep disorder of the delayed sleep phase type (delayed sleep phase disorder, DSPD). DSPD is assumed to be common amongst adolescents and young adults, but little is known about its prevalence and aetiology, and no guidelines exist with respect to treatment. […] The results showed a prevalence of DSP of 8.4% (paper 1). […] In conclusion, we found in study 1 a high prevalence of DSP in our sample of Norwegian high school students (paper 1). DSP was associated with lower school grades, more smoking, more alcohol use and higher scores on anxiety and depression.

• #11 Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents: prevalence and correlates in a large population based study | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1163

  The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) in adolescence, and to examine the association to insomnia and school non-attendance. […] The prevalence of DSPS was 3.3%, and significantly higher among girls (3.7%) than boys (2.7%). […] A similar effect was found for hours of non-attendance for boys, with an adjusted OR=3.05 (95% CI: 1.89-4.92). […] This is one of the first studies to estimate the prevalence of DSPS in adolescents. […] The high prevalence of DSPS, and overlap with insomnia, in combination with the odds of school non-attendance, suggest that a broad and thorough clinical approach is warranted when adolescents present with symptoms of DSPS. […] The estimated prevalence of DSPS in the present population-based study was 3.3%.

• #12 Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/delayed-sleep-wake-phase-disorder

  Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder is more common in adolescents and young adults. Several studies show the incidence of delayed sleep phase disorder range from 4% to 14% in the population of adolescents compared to 1.5% of all adults. Patients with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder comprise 7% to 10% of the patients with insomnia referred to sleep clinics. The duration of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder symptoms preceding diagnosis varies from months to decades. The syndrome onset has been reported as early as prepubertal childhood and as late as the sixth decade. Adolescence, however, appears to be a particularly vulnerable life stage for the development of the syndrome. Both genders are equally affected. Newer work suggests that phase changes may also be influenced by genetic predisposition and ethnicity. […] The disorder appears slightly more prevalent in male (4.7%) than female (2.7) Norwegian adults ages 18 to 35 years. Tardiness at school or work, absenteeism, and daytime sleepiness are the common precipitants for evaluation. Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder can be mistaken for school refusal.

• #13 Sleeplessness and Circadian Rhythm Disorder: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188944-overview

  Approximately 20% of US workers perform shift work, but not all of these workers develop shift-work syndrome, and individual phase tolerance is observed. […] The sex difference in circadian rhythm disorders seems to be age related. […] DSPS is the most common circadian rhythm disorder in children and adolescents. ASPS is more likely to appear in elderly individuals. […] Irregular sleep-wake rhythms can be seen in patients with neurologic impairment, including those with dementia.

• #14 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments  – Amerisleep

  https://amerisleep.com/blog/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome/

  Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) is a common sleep disorder characterized by a delayed sleep pattern, typically falling asleep and waking up later than socially acceptable or conventional bedtimes. It is caused by a delayed timing in the body’s internal sleep clock or circadian rhythm, often influenced by genetic factors. […] According to the American Sleep Association, DSPS often develops in adolescence but continues through adulthood. Roughly 7-16% of adolescents are impacted, primarily due to social pressures from school, excessive computer or phone usage, media/TV consumption, and changes in hormones. […] A 2019 study also showed that this condition is more prevalent in young men and in middle-aged women, but overall, there is no significant difference between genders. […] Currently, if treatment for DSPS has failed, Section 504 of the American Disabilities Act recognizes it as a disability.

• #15 Delayed sleep phase cases and controls | Journal of Circadian Rhythms

  https://jcircadianrhythms.com/articles/10.1186/1740-3391-6-6

  Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD) is a condition in which patients have difficulty falling asleep before the early morning hours and commonly have trouble awakening before late morning or even early afternoon. Several studies have suggested that variations in habitual bedtime are 4050% heritable. […] A Norwegian study estimated the prevalence of DSPD at 0.17%. A Japanese study estimated 0.13%. The prevalence of definite DSPD among adults ages 4064 years was estimated in a representative actigraphic survey of San Diego as less than 1%, though either trouble falling asleep or trouble waking up was reported by 24.6% and both symptoms by 3.1%. […] Several studies have found that DSPD may be familial. Despite the social and developmental influences, analyses have most commonly estimated the heritability of bedtime at 4050%. […] These results indicate a DSPD phenotype is familial and associated with unipolar depression.

• #16 What Is Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-overview-4585048

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) occurs in people whose circadian rhythms (cyclical sleep patterns) are set two hours or more later than in most people. It typically emerges during adolescence and affects between 7% and 16% of teens and young adults. […] Delayed sleep phase syndrome also is closely linked with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with some studies suggesting a higher risk of heart problems in these people. […] Delayed sleep phase syndrome leads to patterns that conflict with societal expectations about the appropriate times for productivity at school or work. Without accommodation, chronic tardiness and absenteeism can lead to educational and professional dysfunction. […] There seems to be a genetic predisposition towards developing delayed sleep phase syndrome. Some of this science is understood. For example, a mutation in the CRY1 gene alters the human circadian clock, delaying sleep by two to two-and-a-half hours compared to non-carriers.

• #17 Delayed sleep phase disorder | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/d/delayed-sleep-phase-disorder

  Delayed sleep phase disorder is a sleep problem where your body’s internal clock (the 24 hour circadian rhythm) is shifted by up to 2 hours or more, causing problems with falling asleep and waking up at a socially normal time. […] It can occur at any age but its not uncommon in teenagers and young adults and may make it hard to wake in time for school or work. […] DSPD can occur at any age but its more common in teenagers and young adults, and may make it hard to wake in time for school or work. […] With teenagers, DSPD may be partly due to biological reasons as the onset of the melatonin hormone production begins on average about an hour later in teens than adults. […] There’s no specific medical test to diagnose DSPD. […] A sleep study such as a polysomnography is generally used to rule out other significant sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea or narcolepsy.

• #18

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/sleep-disorders/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome affects your body’s natural sleep-wake cycle. If you have delayed sleep phase syndrome, your natural sleep pattern is delayed by two or more hours compared to conventional sleep times. […] Delayed sleep phase disorder causes you to fall asleep late at night and wake up later in the morning without trying. Its more than just being a night owl; its a chronic condition that can impact your daily life and make it difficult to maintain your regular schedule. […] The exact cause of delayed sleep phase disorder is not entirely understood, but several factors may contribute to its development. Genetics can play a significant role, as delayed sleep phase syndrome often runs in families. […] Theres a notable association between delayed sleep phase syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many individuals with ADHD experience sleep disorders, including delayed sleep phase syndrome.

• #19 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Shift work, Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder | ESRS

  https://esrs.eu/news/sleep-science-friday/circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorders-2/

  Two different phenotypes of patients with DSWPD have been recently identified. Some demonstrate a delay of both their circadian and sleep-wake times, with a normal phase angle of entrainment (dim light melatonin onset [DLMO] time 2-3 hr before bedtime), while others exhibit a normal circadian time based on DLMO (20:00-23:00 hours), but have a delay in sleep-wake timing. The underlying pathophysiology for both types remains unclear and there are likely many factors contributing to the development of DSWPD, including physiological, behavioural, environmental, and genetic. A longer circadian period may contribute to the development of the disease, as well as the timing of exposure and responsiveness to light. Genetic dominant coding variations in core circadian clock genes have also recently been identified in affected families.

• #20 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-7110083

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder that can cause your sleep-time and wake-time to be much later than most peoples. […] It is estimated that it affects up to 16% of adolescents and 3% of adults. […] A 2018 review notes that there is a significant link between delayed sleep phase syndrome and mental health conditions—up to 70% of people with delayed sleep phase syndrome have a psychiatric disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder. […] A 2014 review notes that someone who had delayed sleep phase syndrome as a teenager may still experience negative consequences well into adulthood, even if they don’t have the condition anymore.

• #21 How to treat Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome — Sleep Cycle

  https://www.sleepcycle.com/sleep-disorders/identifying-and-treating-delayed-sleep-phase-disorder/

  Certain medical conditions, such as depression and anxiety, can increase the risk of developing DSPS. […] Genetics may also play a role in the development of DSPS. […] Studies indicate that 50% of DSPS sufferers also experience depression, so ensuring the right problem is identified is a vital first step in any treatment. […] Delayed sleep phase syndrome and insomnia are two distinct conditions, and they cannot be used interchangeably. […] While night owls may deliberately stay up late for various reasons, such as completing schoolwork or socializing, they can adjust their sleep schedule to follow a conventional routine. […] People with DSPS may feel isolated from society as the disorder can significantly impact their lifestyle, leading to anxiety about their late sleep schedule.

• #22

  https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-MH065967-02

  Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) describes patients who cannot fall asleep until several hours past their preferred bedtime and have extreme difficulty arising in the morning in order to attend to normal activities (e.g., school, work). […] Prevalence estimates range from 0.13 percent to 7 percent. […] Peak onset is in the second and third decades. […] Possible consequences of this disorders include increased risk for accidents, impaired learning, higher use of alertness-enhancing substances, and lower productivity. […] The specific aims are: 1. To confirm the hypothesis that the circadian phase, as assessed from core body temperature and salivary melatonin, will be delayed, with week-to-week stability, in patients with Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) relative to normal-sleeping, age- and gender-matched control subjects.

• #23 Delayed sleep phase syndrome in adolescents: prevalence and correlates in a large population based study | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1163

  The overlap between insomnia and DSPS was high, with half of the adolescents reaching the criteria for DSPS also presenting with symptoms according to the insomnia criteria. […] Adolescents with DSPS had a higher rate of school absence than their peers, with an independent contribution of DSPS after adjusting for socio-demographical factors, depression and insomnia. […] Girls had a higher prevalence of DSPS than boys, but the level of school absence was higher in boys with DSPS. […] The current prevalence rate of DSPS is comparable to the study by Johnson et al. from 2006. […] The sleep pattern among adolescents with DSPS exhibited the expected sleep characteristics, with shorter sleep duration due to later bedtime and early awakenings during the weekdays, as well as rebound sleep during the weekends.

• #24 Delayed sleep phase syndrome: Effects, diagnosis, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-effects-diagnosis-and-more

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is a chronic circadian rhythm disorder that causes a person to sleep late and wake up late. […] It is more prevalent in adolescents and young adults. […] Some researchers associate adolescent DSPD with lower grades in school, alcohol use, smoking, and higher rates of depression and anxiety. […] People with ADHD are more likely to have DSPS than people without ADHD. […] Adolescents with DSPS tend to score higher on tests for anxiety and depression. […] DSPS is a sleep disorder that delays a persons natural sleep-wake cycle. It is prevalent in adolescents, young adults, and people with ADHD. […] Following a treatment plan developed with a healthcare professional can help people with DSPS remedy their sleep patterns.

• #25 Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) : United States : eMentalHealth.ca

  https://www.ementalhealth.ca/United-States/Delayed-Sleep-Wake-Phase-Disorder-DSWPD/index.php?m=article&ID=80643

  According to the International Classification Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2)., diagnosis is made by history of: Delay of the major sleep period relative to the desired sleep and wake times for at least 1-3 months, Clinically significant insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness. […] According to the DSM-5, delayed sleep phase type is: Delayed onset of sleep and poor maintenance of sleep, with an inability to fall asleep or wake at the desired time (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). […] There is high comorbidity with: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Mood disorders including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. […] Long-term health problems from insufficient sleep and working against ones circadian rhythm include metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes. […] Given the high rate of sleep phase delay in adolescents, there are school districts that have accommodated this by starting school at a later time. […] Prognosis is good as DSPWD generally responds well to treatment.

• #26 Delayed sleep phase disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic and its health implications | CNS Spectrums | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cns-spectrums/article/delayed-sleep-phase-disorder-during-the-covid19-pandemic-and-its-health-implications/155D4A8D010E709FC6DC11FF525BCC94

  Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are alterations that are characterized by a shift in the sleep-wake cycle relative to day and night, such as the delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), which is a retard of at least 2 hours in the sleep start. […] The prevalence of DSPD in young adults is 0.48%, increasing to 3.3% in adolescents. […] In addition, post-COVID patients have an increased risk of developing DSPD. […] For example, in adolescent post-COVID patients, the prevalence of DSPD increases to 63.3%. […] Patients with DSPD also have alterations in metabolic health, poor school performance, cognitive impairment, and a higher risk of developing other diseases. […] The objective of the present review is therefore to describe the characteristics of DSPD during the COVID-19 pandemic and to outline its possible implications for physical health (eg, metabolism) and mental health (eg, anxiety or depression).

• #27 Night Owls Unite (My Life with Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, Part II) | SRBR: Society for Research on Biological Rhythms

  https://srbr.org/night-owls-unite/

  Improving diagnosis and increasing general awareness are essential for DSWPD patients to request accommodations at work and school. […] Screening for DSWPD needs to be improved and standardized. […] To diagnose DSWPD, a two-week (or longer) sleep log that tracks natural patterns of sleep and wakefulness is more effective than an overnight sleep study. […] There is no “magic bullet” for treating DSWPD. […] A portion of the population (the exact percentage is still unclear) with DSWPD is not capable of changing their sleep onset time. […] When people live according to their body clocks, they perform their jobs better – working faster and making fewer mistakes. […] Sufferers of DSWPD should keep these realities in mind and choose careers carefully (if possible) to avoid problems with their managers and co-workers. […] People with DSWPD are vital members of society who are asleep and awake at different times than others.

• #28 The delayed sleep phase syndrome: clinical and investigative findings in 14 subjects. | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

  https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/55/8/665

  Fourteen subjects are described in whom a clinical diagnosis of the delayed sleep phase syndrome was made. The syndrome causes severe disruption to education, work and family life. Treatment by forced sleep-wake phase advance or with melatonin resulted in a partial sleep-phase advance but this was not maintained on stopping treatment. […] The condition is multi-factorial, dependent on lifestyle, mood and personality, as well as on familial factors but no single factor in isolation is sufficient to explain the delay in sleep timing. In half the subjects the delay in sleep phase started in childhood or adolescence. Different patterns of sleep phase delay seen in the syndrome include stable, progressive, irregular and non-24 hour sleep-wake cycles. These patterns may result from different social and other Zeitgebers („time-markers”, for example sunrise, sunset) in the normal environment. Polysomnography, motor activity monitoring of rest-activity cycles, plasma melatonin profiles and urinary melatonin metabolite excretion are normal. Refusal to attend school may be important in some instances but will not explain cases with delayed age of onset.

• #29

  https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-MH065967-02

  2. To test the hypothesis that DSPS patients will display the same internal phase relationships between their habitual bedtimes and wake-times, and the circadian phase markers of the minimum of core body temperature, the dim-light melatonin onset, and the fitted maximum of melatonin, but will have a larger amplitude of core body temperature and melatonin rhythms. […] 3. To test the hypothesis that with a sufficient increase in sleep homeostatic drive, given by the sleep loss incurred during a constant routine protocol, patients with DSPS syndrome will be able to obtain a normal sleep episode at a clock time 3 hours earlier than their habitual, delayed schedule. […] The proposed investigations fulfill the criteria for the R21 mechanism by offering innovation (e.g., first measurement of temporal stability of phase delay, first measurement of full circadian and sleep parameters), bringing approaches new to an area (e.g., constant routine protocol), and initiating the first step in programmatic research for this investigator (basic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, and evidence-based treatments for circadian phase disorders, beginning with DSPS).

• #30 Everything You Should Know About Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome – CNET

  https://www.cnet.com/health/sleep/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome/

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome may be to blame, and it’s more common than you think. […] DSPS is a circadian rhythm disorder that affects a person’s ability to go to bed at „normal” hours, which leads them to sleep most of the day away. […] Typically, people with DSPS fall asleep anywhere from 2 a.m. to 6 a.m., meaning they don’t get rest until well after midnight. […] Most studies show that having a circadian rhythm disorder starts during a person’s teenage years. Then, it gets progressively worse into young adulthood. […] DSPS is often misdiagnosed as insomnia, depression or other common sleep or mental health disorders. […] The impact of DSPS can expand beyond the typical grogginess symptoms: It can directly affect career advancement, medical appointments, schooling, parenting and more.

• #31 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: Signs, ADHD Link, TreatmentsFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-signs-treatments-adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOoo2tUOyYLHDOdJuemsoq_MNCPrKvl3_7R9EZFWn9SSdGarpS2HM

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome is a sleep disorder that disrupts one’s ability to sleep and wake at conventional times. DSPS is commonly seen with ADHD. […] DSPS is frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked in individuals with ADHD, leading to ineffective treatments and continued sleep disturbances. […] Accurate identification of DSPS – a treatable condition – is essential, as conventional approaches to manage sleep problems are often inadequate or ineffective for this sleep disorder. […] Many individuals with DSPS, feeling completely alert and energized during normal sleeping hours, will stay up very late engaging in various activities. […] Individuals who adopt a completely reversed sleep cycle, sleeping during the day and staying awake all night, often have additional mental health problems and functional impairments.

• #32 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: Signs, ADHD Link, TreatmentsFooterLogo

  https://www.additudemag.com/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-signs-treatments-adhd/?srsltid=AfmBOoo2tUOyYLHDOdJuemsoq_MNCPrKvl3_7R9EZFWn9SSdGarpS2HM

  As clinical psychologists who work with adults with ADHD, we are surprised by how often we see DSPS in our clients – and how many of them have never heard of it. […] DSPS is frequently mislabeled as insomnia, a type of sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep and/or poor sleep quality. […] Standard interventions for sleep difficulties (like those recommended for insomnia) are unlikely to be effective for individuals with DSPS. […] Managing DSPS requires knowledge of circadian physiology, as effective interventions for this sleep disorder target the internal clock. […] Light therapy for DSPS involves increasing exposure to bright light after waking up and reducing light exposure as much as possible before bed. […] Talk to your doctor about taking melatonin to manage DSPS, as carefully timed melatonin administration can aid in shifting circadian rhythm.

• #33 Sleeplessness and Circadian Rhythm Disorder: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1188944-overview

  Delayed sleep-phase syndrome (DSPS) is common. Approximately 710% of patients who complain of insomnia are diagnosed with a circadian rhythm disorder, most often DSPS. […] The prevalence of DSPS is probably higher than that because the total sleep time is typically normal in patients with DSPS and because patients with DSPS adjust their lifestyle to accommodate their sleep schedule and do not seek medical treatment. […] Dagan et al reported the characteristics of 322 Israeli patients with circadian rhythm sleep disorder and found that most of these patients (83.5%) had DSPS. […] A cross-sectional, nationwide epidemiologic study in Norway established an overall prevalence of DSPS of 0.17% when strict International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) criteria were used. […] The prevalence of irregular sleep-wake schedules has not been established but is said to be quite high. An irregular sleep-wake schedule is common in patients with Alzheimer disease.

• #34 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.health.com/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-8575662

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) also called delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is a sleep disorder that affects your circadian rhythm (or, your internal clock). As a result of this condition, your sleep-wake cycle gets delayed by two or more hours from a typical sleep pattern. […] People who have DSPS often go to bed around or after midnight and may have trouble waking up on time for commitments, such as work or school. This condition typically develops in the teenage years and can continue into adulthood. […] Currently, researchers are unsure why people with DSPS experience changes in their sleep-wake cycle. However, some factors that can contribute to a misaligned internal clock include having a family history of DSPS, not getting enough sunlight during the day, living with mental health conditions like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), undergoing physical and hormonal changes during and after puberty, and experiencing low levels of melatonin, a hormone that helps your body induce sleep.

• #35 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Characterizes Circadian Disorder in Patients with Active SLE – ACR Meeting Abstracts

  https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-characterizes-circadian-disorder-in-patients-with-active-sle/

  Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Characterizes Circadian Disorder in Patients with Active SLE […] Poor sleep quality is a common complaint of patients with SLE. […] Although chronic sleep disruption is known to drive circadian rhythm disorders, the effects of poor sleep quality have not yet been elucidated in SLE. […] Changes in circadian phase, but not sleep quality, is associated with SLE disease activity, with a phase delay in those with active disease. […] Circadian dysfunction may be an underlying cause for other widely experienced symptoms of SLE including cognitive dysfunction and fatigue.

• #36 Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: A common sleep disorder in adolescents, with important quality of life repercussions | Atención Primaria

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-atencion-primaria-27-articulo-delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-a-S0212656718308229

  Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: A common sleep disorder in adolescents, with important quality of life repercussions […] DSPS is one of the most frequently diagnosed sleep disorders in adolescents. It is defined by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) as a circadian rhythm disorder including a delay in the onset of sleep and a great difficulty getting up at conventional hours, (affecting school performance in children, and work, social or family-life in older patients). […] DSPS is common in adolescents, but it can occur at any age. The etiology of this syndrome is complex and multifactorial, including behavioral, psychological and biological factors, and the prevalence between 5 and 10%, is increasing in the last decade. […] Psychosomatic symptoms, frequent in adolescents, can significantly worsen health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this population, and sleep is an independent risk factor of worse HRQoL.

• #37 What Is Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/delayed-sleep-phase-syndrome-overview-4585048

  Delayed sleep phase syndrome can be treated. There are effective ways to keep the timing of sleep in a normal phase. […] Education may help parents to appreciate what their teenager is experiencing, in order to realize that laziness or defiance isn’t the issue. High schools should accommodate this natural timing among their students by shifting the school day; later school start times enhance academic performance, reduce tardiness and truancy, and even diminish car accidents among teens.

• #38 Night Owls Unite (My Life with Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, Part II) | SRBR: Society for Research on Biological Rhythms

  https://srbr.org/night-owls-unite/

  Night owls have organized and our ranks are growing. Groups like the Circadian Sleep Disorders Network and B-Society are advocating for people with late chronotypes – building awareness of flexible work and school schedules, reducing stigma, and increasing federal funding for sleep research. […] Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (CRSWDs) – including Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder (DSWPD) and Non-24 Sleep-Wake Disorder (Non-24) – cause the sleep-wake cycle to be out of sync with the day-night cycle. […] Some occurrences of DSWPD can be traced to a specific genetic cause. […] Living on a “normal” person’s diurnal schedule causes people with DSWPD to suffer from chronic “jet lag”. […] Awareness of CRSWDs and late chronotypes is desperately needed to bring about changes in attitudes and policies.

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