Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Low White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17706-low-white-blood-cell-count

  Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) happens when you have a lower-than-normal number of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. Neutrophils are white blood cells that act as your immune systems first line of defense. Without enough white blood cells, youre more vulnerable to developing infections. […] In leukopenia (pronounced luke-a-PEE-ne-ah), you have lower-than-normal numbers of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. […] A white blood cell count thats less than 4,000 cells per microliter of blood is a low white blood cell count. […] No, its not but theres a connection between leukopenia and cancer. Cancer treatments may cause leukopenia. […] People may develop leukopenia because they have certain medical conditions, take certain medications or have malnutrition and/or dont get enough of certain vitamins. Medical conditions include: Bone marrow disorders: Multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia are examples of bone marrow disorders that cause leukopenia. Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system attacks your body. Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of autoimmune diseases. Infections: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause leukopenia.

• #2 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  A blood test that shows a WBC count of less than 4,000 per microliter (some labs say less than 4,500) could mean your body may not be able to fight infection the way it should. A low number is called leukopenia or neutropenia. Leukopenia can either be acute or chronic. […] Chronic leukopenia: Leukopenia is considered chronic if you’ve had a low neutrophil level on at least three occasions over a period of 3 months. It is usually caused by: An ongoing illness (such as cancer), A viral illness such as HIV, A genetic condition, An autoimmune disorder such as lupus. […] Your doctor will do a physical exam and consider your symptoms along with your past medical issues to figure out what’s behind your test result. A very low WBC count could be due to any of the reasons below: Infection: This is the most common cause of neutropenia in adults. Viruses can affect your bone marrow and cause low WBCs for a while. Severe infections, such as blood infections, can cause your body to use up WBCs faster than it can make them.

• #3 White Blood Cell Count: Normal, High, and Low Counts

  https://www.healthline.com/health/wbc-count

  Sometimes, neutropenia is also used to indicate a low blood count. This term refers to a low number of neutrophils, but because this type of white blood cell makes up 55 to 70% of your overall white blood cells, leukopenia is often driven by a low number of neutrophils. […] Having neutropenia may put you at an increased risk for infection. […] Leukocytosis is the medical term used to describe a high WBC count. This can result from infections such as tuberculosis, sepsis, or septic shock, fever, injury or burn, pregnancy, allergies, asthma, a recent vaccination, some medications, stress, tissue damage, acute hemolysis, hemorrhage, leukemoid reaction, heart attack, and surgery. […] An elevated white blood cell count may also be chronic or long lasting with conditions such as smoking, tumors in the bone marrow, leukemia, inflammatory conditions, obesity, and vasculitis.

• #4 Low white blood cell count

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/causes/sym-20050615

  White blood cells are made in bone marrow the spongy tissue inside some of the larger bones. Conditions that affect the bone marrow are the usual causes of low white blood cell count. Some of these conditions are present at birth, also known as congenital. […] Causes of a low white blood cell count include: Aplastic anemia, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, Infections, Leukemia, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Malaria, Malnutrition and lack of certain vitamins, Medications, such as antibiotics, Sarcoidosis, Sepsis (an overwhelming bloodstream infection), Tuberculosis. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #5 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  White blood cell disorders occur when you have too many white blood cells (leukocytosis) or not enough white blood cells (leukopenia). […] Many factors may lead to white blood cell disorders. Sometimes providers don’t know the exact cause of these disorders. Causes may include: […] Bone Marrow Cancer: Cancers that attack your bone marrow, such as lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma, may lead to a low white blood cell count. […] Bone Marrow Failure: Your body may stop producing enough white blood cells (aplastic anemia). […] Immune System Disorders: Immune system disorders, such as HIV/AIDS, can cause a low white blood cell count. […] Liver or Spleen Diseases: Liver disease or spleen disease may lead to a low white blood cell count. […] Vitamin Deficiency: A lack of vitamins, such as vitamin B12, can lead to a low blood cell count.

• #6 Quick Facts:Low White Blood Cell Count – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-blood-disorders/white-blood-cell-disorders/low-white-blood-cell-count

  A low white blood cell count is an unusually low number of one or more kinds of white blood cells. […] A low white blood cell count can be a side effect of drugs, particularly chemotherapy drugs. […] Sometimes a low white blood cell count is caused by an infection or cancer. […] There are many causes of a low white blood cell count: Drugs: Many drugs, but particularly chemotherapy drugs. […] Infections: HIV, many other viral infections, and severe bodywide bacterial infection (sepsis). […] Cancer that starts in the bone marrow, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. […] Metastatic cancer in the bone marrow, such as from breast cancer or prostate cancer. […] Other bone marrow problems, such as myelodysplastic disorders. […] Radiation therapy that involves the bone marrow.

• #7 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  Medicines: This is the next most common cause. Chemotherapy drugs, in particular, will destroy healthy WBCs while killing off cancer cells. Radiation therapy can have the same effect. Other drugs that can lower WBCs include antihistamines, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, immunosuppressants, anti-epilepsy drugs, and steroids. Not everyone who takes these drugs has their WBC count drop. It could be that genes play a role in whose WBC count decreases. […] Bone marrow problems: The spongy center of your bones, which is called the bone marrow, makes blood cells. Low WBC counts are often linked to bone marrow problems. Being around certain chemicals, such as benzene and pesticides, as well as some types of cancer and cancer treatments including chemotherapy and radiation, can hurt your bone marrow’s ability to make WBCs.

• #8 Leukopenia: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/leukopenia

  Leukopenia is a low white blood cell count. […] Many diseases and conditions can cause leukopenia, such as: […] WBCs originate from the stem cells in the bone marrow. Because of this, conditions affecting blood cells or the bone marrow can lead to leukopenia. […] Your spleen is also important in the production of WBCs. Splenomegaly, or an enlarged spleen, can also lead to leukopenia. […] Cancer treatments are aimed at targeting and eliminating rapidly dividing cancer cells within your body. However, because blood cells also grow rapidly, some cancer treatments can destroy these cells as well. […] Congenital disorders are present at birth. The ones that can lead to leukopenia include conditions that affect how bone marrow works to make blood cells, such as: […] Several infectious diseases that can cause leukopenia include:

• #9 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  A blood test that shows a WBC count of less than 4,000 per microliter (some labs say less than 4,500) could mean your body may not be able to fight infection the way it should. A low number is called leukopenia or neutropenia. Leukopenia can either be acute or chronic. […] Chronic leukopenia: Leukopenia is considered chronic if you’ve had a low neutrophil level on at least three occasions over a period of 3 months. It is usually caused by: An ongoing illness (such as cancer), A viral illness such as HIV, A genetic condition, An autoimmune disorder such as lupus. […] Your doctor will do a physical exam and consider your symptoms along with your past medical issues to figure out what’s behind your test result. A very low WBC count could be due to any of the reasons below: Infection: This is the most common cause of neutropenia in adults. Viruses can affect your bone marrow and cause low WBCs for a while. Severe infections, such as blood infections, can cause your body to use up WBCs faster than it can make them.

• #10 Mayo Clinic Q and A: What causes low white blood cell count? – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-what-causes-low-white-blood-cell-count/

  A low white blood cell count almost always is related to a decrease in a type of infection-fighting white blood cell called neutrophils. […] There are many causes of neutropenia, and some medications can lead to this problem. […] Anything that disrupts normal neutrophil production, increases destruction of neutrophils or causes abnormal storage of neutrophils can result in neutropenia. […] The most common reason people develop neutropenia is as a side effect of chemotherapy medication to treat cancer. […] Neutropenia also may be triggered by an underlying medical disorder, including viral infections — such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus and HIV — and sepsis, an overwhelming bloodstream infection that uses up neutrophils faster than they can be produced. […] Vitamin deficiencies; enlarged spleen; and bone marrow cancers, such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myelofibrosis, may cause neutropenia.

• #11 Low white blood cell count

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/causes/sym-20050615

  White blood cells are made in bone marrow the spongy tissue inside some of the larger bones. Conditions that affect the bone marrow are the usual causes of low white blood cell count. Some of these conditions are present at birth, also known as congenital. […] Causes of a low white blood cell count include: Aplastic anemia, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, Infections, Leukemia, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Malaria, Malnutrition and lack of certain vitamins, Medications, such as antibiotics, Sarcoidosis, Sepsis (an overwhelming bloodstream infection), Tuberculosis. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #12 Low White Blood Cell Count: 6 Common Causes – Tua Saúde

  https://www.tuasaude.com/en/low-white-blood-cell-count/

  A low white blood cell count can be caused by viral infections, medication side effects, nutritional deficiencies and, in some cases, problems such as sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus or myelodysplasia. […] The main causes of low leukocyte levels are: […] Some viral infections, like dengue fever, infectious mononucleosis, hepatitis, measles, or HIV, can cause low white blood cell levels due to the destruction of lymphocytes or neutrophils or due a decrease of white blood cell production in the body. […] A low white blood cell count can also be caused by the side effects of medications, like chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and some antibiotics or diuretics. […] A deficiency in nutrients such as vitamin B12 or folic acid can impair the production of red and white blood cells in the bone marrow.

• #13 Quick Facts:Low White Blood Cell Count – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-blood-disorders/white-blood-cell-disorders/low-white-blood-cell-count

  A low white blood cell count is an unusually low number of one or more kinds of white blood cells. […] A low white blood cell count can be a side effect of drugs, particularly chemotherapy drugs. […] Sometimes a low white blood cell count is caused by an infection or cancer. […] There are many causes of a low white blood cell count: Drugs: Many drugs, but particularly chemotherapy drugs. […] Infections: HIV, many other viral infections, and severe bodywide bacterial infection (sepsis). […] Cancer that starts in the bone marrow, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. […] Metastatic cancer in the bone marrow, such as from breast cancer or prostate cancer. […] Other bone marrow problems, such as myelodysplastic disorders. […] Radiation therapy that involves the bone marrow.

• #14 Low white blood cell count

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-white-blood-cell-count/

  A low white blood cell count usually means your body is not making enough white blood cells. It can increase your risk of getting infections. […] Common causes of a low white blood cell count include: cancer treatment, like radiotherapy and chemotherapy, antipsychotic medicines, medicine for an overactive thyroid, some cancers, like leukaemia, infections such as HIV or hepatitis, autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. […] Agranulocytosis and neutropenia are conditions that cause a low white blood cell count. […] Treatment for a low white blood cell count depends on what’s causing it. Treatment often includes antibiotics. […] If it’s caused by a medicine or other treatment you’re having, you may need to stop the treatment or change your dose.

• #15 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  Medicines: This is the next most common cause. Chemotherapy drugs, in particular, will destroy healthy WBCs while killing off cancer cells. Radiation therapy can have the same effect. Other drugs that can lower WBCs include antihistamines, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, immunosuppressants, anti-epilepsy drugs, and steroids. Not everyone who takes these drugs has their WBC count drop. It could be that genes play a role in whose WBC count decreases. […] Bone marrow problems: The spongy center of your bones, which is called the bone marrow, makes blood cells. Low WBC counts are often linked to bone marrow problems. Being around certain chemicals, such as benzene and pesticides, as well as some types of cancer and cancer treatments including chemotherapy and radiation, can hurt your bone marrow’s ability to make WBCs.

• #16 Leukopenia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/leukopenia-5223575

  Leukopenia is when you have an abnormally low number of white blood cells (leukocytes). […] There are several types of leukopenia, which can develop from an underlying condition or as a reaction to medication or other factors. Treatment depends on what caused leukopenia. […] A number of issues can lead to a low white blood cell count. The cause could be an underlying medical condition, change in medication, or other factor that does one of the following: Prevents your bone marrow from making enough white blood cells, Causes your body to destroy white blood cells, Causes your body to use white blood cells faster than they can be produced. […] Almost any infection can lead to leukopenia. Infections can trigger the rapid use or destruction of neutrophils. […] Many different medications can cause leukopenia as a side effect, including: Antibiotics, such as penicillin, Antithyroid drugs, such as methimazole, Anti-seizure drugs, such as carbamazepine, Antivirals, such as acyclovir, Blood thinners, such as ticlopidine, Antipsychotics, such as clozapine, Hyperthyroid medication, including methimazole.

• #17 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Leukopenia-Causes.aspx

  Some drugs may lead to leukopenia. Medications which can cause leukopenia include: clozapine, an antipsychotic medication; sodium valproate and lamotrigine – antiepileptic agents; immunosuppressive drugs, such as sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and cyclosporine that are used in transplant patients; interferons used in treatment of multiple sclerosis etc. […] The mechanism of leukopenia caused by drugs is mainly mediated by the immune system itself. Some agents like cancer chemotherapy drugs however cause leukopenia by suppressing the bone marrow.

• #18 Neutropenia > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/neutropenia

  Abnormally low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that helps protect the body from infection. […] Neutropenia can be caused by genetic conditions, infections, cancer, autoimmune diseases, medications, and/or a nutritional deficiency. […] Several conditions may significantly lower white blood cell levels, causing neutropenia, such as: Infections, including mononucleosis, measles, Epstein-Barr virus, malaria, and tuberculosis. […] Certain medications may also cause neutropenia, including: Anti-seizure medicine, Some antipsychotic medications, like clozapine, Certain antibiotics, Antifungal medication, Thyroid medication, Quinine for malaria, Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, Certain blood thinners, like ticlopidine, Diuretics, Some cardiovascular drugs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), H2 blockers for acid reflux, Benzodiazepines for anxiety, Certain antidepressants, Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. […] Babies who develop neutropenia may have: Been born prematurely, Been born small for their gestational age, Been born to a mother who had preeclampsia during pregnancy, Received a transfer of antibodies from the mother, through the placenta, that caused the condition.

• #19 Low White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17706-low-white-blood-cell-count

  Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) happens when you have a lower-than-normal number of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. Neutrophils are white blood cells that act as your immune systems first line of defense. Without enough white blood cells, youre more vulnerable to developing infections. […] In leukopenia (pronounced luke-a-PEE-ne-ah), you have lower-than-normal numbers of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. […] A white blood cell count thats less than 4,000 cells per microliter of blood is a low white blood cell count. […] No, its not but theres a connection between leukopenia and cancer. Cancer treatments may cause leukopenia. […] People may develop leukopenia because they have certain medical conditions, take certain medications or have malnutrition and/or dont get enough of certain vitamins. Medical conditions include: Bone marrow disorders: Multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia are examples of bone marrow disorders that cause leukopenia. Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system attacks your body. Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of autoimmune diseases. Infections: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause leukopenia.

• #20 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, will tell your body to attack and destroy its own WBCs. […] Nutrition: Not eating well or low levels of certain vitamins, such as folic acid and B12, can affect how your body makes WBCs. Alcohol abuse can mess with the nutrients in your body as well as your WBC counts. […] Spleen problems: The spleen also makes WBCs. Infections, blood clots, and other problems can make it swell and not work the way it should. This will drop your WBC count. […] HIV: This virus (which causes AIDS) weakens your immune system by destroying your T cells, making you unable to fight off even minor infections. […] Benign ethnic neutropenia: Some people have naturally low neutrophil counts of under 1,500 per microliter. It’s most often seen in people of African descent, though many people of Middle Eastern descent and a few people of European background may have it as well. This condition is called benign ethnic neutropenia because the people who have it are not at a higher risk of infection. It’s estimated that 25%-50% of African Americans have a neutrophil count of under 1,500 per microliter, while less than 1% of white Americans do.

• #21 Leukopenia (Low white blood cell count): Causes and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320299

  A person with leukopenia has a low number of white blood cells, or leukocytes, in their blood. A low white blood cell count may make a person more likely to contract an infection. […] Several medical conditions can cause leukopenia. Certain treatments and medications may also cause leukopenia. […] A person may develop leukopenia due to the following conditions: autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren’s; cancers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and myelofibrosis; infection, such as influenza, HIV, and hepatitis; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); granulomatosis with polyangiitis, which is a condition that causes the inflammation of the blood vessels; a deficiency in folate, copper, or vitamin B12; inherited disorders, such as Chediak-Higashi syndrome or Kostmann syndrome.

• #22 Lupus and Blood Cell Disorders | HSS Rheumatology

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_top-ten-points-about-lupus-and-blood-cell-disorders.asp

  Half of patients with SLE may develop leukopenia (decrease in white blood cells), especially one type of the white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the special task force of the immune system. There are two main possibilities for the drop in white blood cells: […] Autoantibodies directed against white blood cells, causing their destruction. This immune-mediated decline in white bloods cells is generally associated with lupus activity. […] Drug-induced suppression of white blood cell production.

• #23 Low White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17706-low-white-blood-cell-count

  Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) happens when you have a lower-than-normal number of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. Neutrophils are white blood cells that act as your immune systems first line of defense. Without enough white blood cells, youre more vulnerable to developing infections. […] In leukopenia (pronounced luke-a-PEE-ne-ah), you have lower-than-normal numbers of white blood cells. Specifically, you have fewer neutrophils than normal. […] A white blood cell count thats less than 4,000 cells per microliter of blood is a low white blood cell count. […] No, its not but theres a connection between leukopenia and cancer. Cancer treatments may cause leukopenia. […] People may develop leukopenia because they have certain medical conditions, take certain medications or have malnutrition and/or dont get enough of certain vitamins. Medical conditions include: Bone marrow disorders: Multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia are examples of bone marrow disorders that cause leukopenia. Autoimmune diseases: Autoimmune diseases happen when your immune system attacks your body. Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of autoimmune diseases. Infections: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may cause leukopenia.

• #24 Low white blood cell count

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/causes/sym-20050615

  White blood cells are made in bone marrow the spongy tissue inside some of the larger bones. Conditions that affect the bone marrow are the usual causes of low white blood cell count. Some of these conditions are present at birth, also known as congenital. […] Causes of a low white blood cell count include: Aplastic anemia, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, Infections, Leukemia, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Malaria, Malnutrition and lack of certain vitamins, Medications, such as antibiotics, Sarcoidosis, Sepsis (an overwhelming bloodstream infection), Tuberculosis. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #25 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, will tell your body to attack and destroy its own WBCs. […] Nutrition: Not eating well or low levels of certain vitamins, such as folic acid and B12, can affect how your body makes WBCs. Alcohol abuse can mess with the nutrients in your body as well as your WBC counts. […] Spleen problems: The spleen also makes WBCs. Infections, blood clots, and other problems can make it swell and not work the way it should. This will drop your WBC count. […] HIV: This virus (which causes AIDS) weakens your immune system by destroying your T cells, making you unable to fight off even minor infections. […] Benign ethnic neutropenia: Some people have naturally low neutrophil counts of under 1,500 per microliter. It’s most often seen in people of African descent, though many people of Middle Eastern descent and a few people of European background may have it as well. This condition is called benign ethnic neutropenia because the people who have it are not at a higher risk of infection. It’s estimated that 25%-50% of African Americans have a neutrophil count of under 1,500 per microliter, while less than 1% of white Americans do.

• #26 Leukopenia: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/leukopenia

  Some autoimmune disorders can kill WBCs or bone marrow stem cells, which make blood cells and can lead to leukopenia. […] Leukopenia can be caused by vitamin or mineral deficiencies, such as deficiencies in: […] Certain medications can also cause leukopenia as a side effect. […] Sarcoidosis is a systemic illness caused by an exaggerated immune response. Its characterized by the formation of granulomas, or small areas of inflammation, in multiple systems in your body. When these granulomas form in your bone marrow, leukopenia can result. […] A variety of conditions can cause leukopenia, including certain types of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases. […] According to a 2022 study, the most common causes of leukopenia in hospitalized people without neutropenia were iron deficiency anemia and autoimmune disorders. In people with neutropenia, the most common causes were similar, with the addition of blood disorders.

• #27 it-inline-white

  https://www.insidetracker.com/a/articles/what-does-a-low-white-blood-cell-count-mean

  Low white blood cell counts make you vulnerable to diseases, helping them last longer and cause more harm. […] A single data point won’t help you pinpoint the cause. You should collect and compare recent blood results with past ones to identify a pattern or deviation from ranges that are regular for you. […] Reasons for a low WBC count range from those relatively benign to those more serious, with the most common being: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies: Vitamin B12, folate, B6, copper, and zinc are vital for WBC production. Chronic malnutrition and alcoholism are some of the leading causes of these deficiencies. […] Viral infections: Tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C lead to persistently low WBC levels, but you need more than a single test to identify them as the cause. […] Autoimmune diseases: Some conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis, may cause the immune system to make more WBCs to attack healthy tissue in the body. […] Bone marrow cancers: Most white blood cells come to be in the bone marrow, so cancers attacking it will cause extremely low WBC counts. […] Treatment and medication: People undergoing chemo may develop low WBC count as a reaction to the procedure.

• #28 Leukopenia foods: What to eat with a low white blood cell count | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/leukopenia-foods-what-to-eat-with-a-low-white-blood-cell-count

  White blood cells (WBCs) are a type of blood cell found in your blood and lymph tissues. As part of your immune system, WBCs help fight infections. The medical term for low white blood cell counts is leukopenia. […] Low WBC counts can occur at different times throughout chemotherapy treatments. […] Currently, research doesn’t support specific foods or diets that can increase white blood cells. […] Good quality protein is important for cancer survivors. Our bodies use materials from the protein we eat to make new WBCs. […] The body uses vitamin B12 and folate to make WBCs.

• #29 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, will tell your body to attack and destroy its own WBCs. […] Nutrition: Not eating well or low levels of certain vitamins, such as folic acid and B12, can affect how your body makes WBCs. Alcohol abuse can mess with the nutrients in your body as well as your WBC counts. […] Spleen problems: The spleen also makes WBCs. Infections, blood clots, and other problems can make it swell and not work the way it should. This will drop your WBC count. […] HIV: This virus (which causes AIDS) weakens your immune system by destroying your T cells, making you unable to fight off even minor infections. […] Benign ethnic neutropenia: Some people have naturally low neutrophil counts of under 1,500 per microliter. It’s most often seen in people of African descent, though many people of Middle Eastern descent and a few people of European background may have it as well. This condition is called benign ethnic neutropenia because the people who have it are not at a higher risk of infection. It’s estimated that 25%-50% of African Americans have a neutrophil count of under 1,500 per microliter, while less than 1% of white Americans do.

• #30 Low White Blood Cell Count | Its Impact On Your Health | LLS

  https://www.lls.org/treatment/lab-and-imaging-tests/understanding-blood-counts

  Blood cancers can affect blood cell counts in a number of ways, either lowering or increasing measurements. […] If you have low white cell counts and develop a fever, you’ll know to contact your doctor promptly. […] Many noncancerous conditions can contribute to low or high blood cell counts, such as those in the table below. […] Low counts […] Infection […] Chemotherapy and other medicines […] AIDS […] Lupus […] Enlarged spleen.

• #31 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Leukopenia-Causes.aspx

  Cancers when they have spread to the bone marrow may lead to leukopenia. This is seen in lymphomas and other cancers. […] This occurs when the body fails to recognise its own cells and begins to attack them. In cases of leukopenia the bodys WBCs are perceived as foreign and attacked. The condition is called lupus or Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). […] Severe infections that deplete the body of WBCs may lead to leukopenia. This is called sepsis. […] Diseases of the immune system, such as HIV, which destroy T lymphocytes […] This is caused by enlargement of spleen that destroys the blood cells leading to leukopenia as well as anemia. […] Other conditions like thyroid disorders (particularly over active thyroid glands), aplastic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, parasitic infestations, vitamin deficiencies, mineral deficiencies of copper and zinc typhoid, malaria, influenza, dengue, Rickettsial infections, tuberculosis etc.

• #32 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  White blood cell disorders occur when you have too many white blood cells (leukocytosis) or not enough white blood cells (leukopenia). […] Many factors may lead to white blood cell disorders. Sometimes providers don’t know the exact cause of these disorders. Causes may include: […] Bone Marrow Cancer: Cancers that attack your bone marrow, such as lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma, may lead to a low white blood cell count. […] Bone Marrow Failure: Your body may stop producing enough white blood cells (aplastic anemia). […] Immune System Disorders: Immune system disorders, such as HIV/AIDS, can cause a low white blood cell count. […] Liver or Spleen Diseases: Liver disease or spleen disease may lead to a low white blood cell count. […] Vitamin Deficiency: A lack of vitamins, such as vitamin B12, can lead to a low blood cell count.

• #33 Low white blood cell count

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-white-blood-cell-count/basics/causes/sym-20050615

  White blood cells are made in bone marrow the spongy tissue inside some of the larger bones. Conditions that affect the bone marrow are the usual causes of low white blood cell count. Some of these conditions are present at birth, also known as congenital. […] Causes of a low white blood cell count include: Aplastic anemia, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, Epstein-Barr virus infection, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, Infections, Leukemia, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Malaria, Malnutrition and lack of certain vitamins, Medications, such as antibiotics, Sarcoidosis, Sepsis (an overwhelming bloodstream infection), Tuberculosis. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #34 Leukopenia: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/leukopenia

  Some autoimmune disorders can kill WBCs or bone marrow stem cells, which make blood cells and can lead to leukopenia. […] Leukopenia can be caused by vitamin or mineral deficiencies, such as deficiencies in: […] Certain medications can also cause leukopenia as a side effect. […] Sarcoidosis is a systemic illness caused by an exaggerated immune response. Its characterized by the formation of granulomas, or small areas of inflammation, in multiple systems in your body. When these granulomas form in your bone marrow, leukopenia can result. […] A variety of conditions can cause leukopenia, including certain types of cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases. […] According to a 2022 study, the most common causes of leukopenia in hospitalized people without neutropenia were iron deficiency anemia and autoimmune disorders. In people with neutropenia, the most common causes were similar, with the addition of blood disorders.

• #35 White Blood Cell Disorders | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Blood is made up of three different types of blood cells, all of which are produced by the bone marrow: […] Many disorders can cause the bone marrow to produce too many or too few white blood cells, or to produce white blood cells that do not function as they should. […] White blood cell disorders occur when the white blood cell count is too low or too high, or when the white blood cells are not functioning properly — conditions of neutrophils and lymphocytes are the most common. […] Neutropenia is the general term for low numbers of neutrophils in the blood. It may be congenital (due to genetic causes) or acquired (caused by medications/drugs, toxins, viruses, or attacks from the child’s own immune system). […] Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare inherited disease marked by pancreas dysfunction and congenital neutropenia — low numbers of neutrophils due to insufficient production.

• #36 White Blood Cell Disorders | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Kostmann syndrome is a severe form of congenital neutropenia. In this inherited disorder, the blood virtually lacks neutrophils because they do not mature properly. […] Eosinophilia is a rare increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood, usually as a result of signals produced by other cells calling for more eosinophil production. […] Neutrophilia, meanwhile, is an increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood. Most commonly, neutrophilia is acquired and occurs in response to infections or drugs. […] Thanks to ongoing research, treatment for patients with low white blood cell counts has improved significantly over the past 20 years. […] Genetic testing, which is now available for many congenital white blood cell disorders, including congenital neutropenias, has allowed better estimation of a patient’s prognosis.

• #37 Chronic neutropenia | Immune Deficiency Foundation

  https://primaryimmune.org/understanding-primary-immunodeficiency/types-of-pi/chronic-neutropenia

  People with chronic neutropenia have low levels of white blood cells called neutrophils, and the condition is both a rare blood disorder and a rare type of primary immunodeficiency (PI). […] Chronic congenital neutropenia can be caused by genetic variants that are inherited or by spontaneous genetic variants that aren’t inherited. Genetic variants in the ELANE gene are the most common cause of severe congenital neutropenia and virtually all cases of cyclic neutropenia. Mutations in several other genes, including HAX1, G6PC3, and CXCR4, may also cause chronic neutropenia. […] Chronic neutropenia may also be part of a broader condition like the ones listed below. […] According to a 2022 publication from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee, variants in more than 20 different genes can cause chronic neutropenia.

• #38 Leukopenia (Low white blood cell count): Causes and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320299

  A person with leukopenia has a low number of white blood cells, or leukocytes, in their blood. A low white blood cell count may make a person more likely to contract an infection. […] Several medical conditions can cause leukopenia. Certain treatments and medications may also cause leukopenia. […] A person may develop leukopenia due to the following conditions: autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Sjögren’s; cancers, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, and myelofibrosis; infection, such as influenza, HIV, and hepatitis; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); granulomatosis with polyangiitis, which is a condition that causes the inflammation of the blood vessels; a deficiency in folate, copper, or vitamin B12; inherited disorders, such as Chediak-Higashi syndrome or Kostmann syndrome.

• #39 Mayo Clinic Q and A: What causes low white blood cell count? – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-what-causes-low-white-blood-cell-count/

  Adults who have rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune disorders can develop neutropenia as a complication of those conditions. […] Rare causes of neutropenia in children include Kostmann’s syndrome, a congenital disorder involving low production of neutrophils, and myelokathexis, a congenital disorder involving failure of neutrophils to enter the bloodstream. […] In some cases, no cause can be found for persistently low white blood cell counts — a condition known as “chronic idiopathic neutropenia.”

• #40

  https://consensus.app/questions/what-causes-low-white-blood-cell-count/

  Genetic factors play a significant role in determining white blood cell (WBC) counts, with notable variations observed among different ethnic groups. Research has shown that African Americans generally have lower WBC counts compared to European Americans. This difference has been linked to a specific genetic locus on chromosome 1q, which affects the expression of the Duffy blood group antigen. Individuals with the common West African allele at this locus tend to have lower WBC counts compared to those with the common European alleles. This genetic variant explains approximately 20% of the population variation in WBC counts among these groups. […] A polygenic predisposition, involving multiple genetic variations, also contributes to lower WBC counts. This predisposition is not necessarily linked to disease but can influence clinical outcomes. For instance, individuals with a genetic predisposition to lower WBC counts are at an increased risk of leukopenia when treated with chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressant drugs.

• #41 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  Autoimmune disorders: Some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, will tell your body to attack and destroy its own WBCs. […] Nutrition: Not eating well or low levels of certain vitamins, such as folic acid and B12, can affect how your body makes WBCs. Alcohol abuse can mess with the nutrients in your body as well as your WBC counts. […] Spleen problems: The spleen also makes WBCs. Infections, blood clots, and other problems can make it swell and not work the way it should. This will drop your WBC count. […] HIV: This virus (which causes AIDS) weakens your immune system by destroying your T cells, making you unable to fight off even minor infections. […] Benign ethnic neutropenia: Some people have naturally low neutrophil counts of under 1,500 per microliter. It’s most often seen in people of African descent, though many people of Middle Eastern descent and a few people of European background may have it as well. This condition is called benign ethnic neutropenia because the people who have it are not at a higher risk of infection. It’s estimated that 25%-50% of African Americans have a neutrophil count of under 1,500 per microliter, while less than 1% of white Americans do.

• #42 Genetic variation associated with low white blood cell count impacts clinical decisions – VUMC News

  https://news.vumc.org/2024/06/03/genetic-variation-associated-with-low-white-blood-cell-count-impacts-clinical-decisions/

  People whose genetic makeup predisposes them to having low white blood cell levels experience changes in clinical care, a recent study reports. […] But genetic variation can affect WBC count, so that in some people a WBC count outside the reference range does not indicate disease or increased risk of infection. […] Mosley and colleagues at Vanderbilt University Medical Center previously showed that a single genetic variant that lowers WBC count and is common in individuals of African ancestry contributes to unnecessary bone marrow biopsies and discontinuation or reduced dosing of the immunosuppressant drug azathioprine. […] To test this idea, the researchers constructed a polygenic score for WBC count a tally of the genetic variants associated with WBC count, but not associated with disease.

• #43 Genetic variation associated with low white blood cell count impacts clinical decisions – VUMC News

  https://news.vumc.org/2024/06/03/genetic-variation-associated-with-low-white-blood-cell-count-impacts-clinical-decisions/

  Our study shows that people whose white blood cell counts are near the edges of a normal distribution will hit a clinical decision point that has consequences, Mosley said. […] In cases where a bone marrow biopsy for low WBC count does not identify disease, the polygenic score could offer a possible biological explanation for the low count.

• #44

  https://consensus.app/questions/low-white-blood-cell-count-causes/

  Genetic variations play a significant role in determining white blood cell (WBC) counts. Large-scale genetic studies have identified several loci associated with WBC traits, including genes involved in immune response and hematopoiesis. For instance, variants in genes such as CD69, CD33, and ASXL1 have been linked to lower WBC counts and are also associated with autoimmune diseases. Additionally, a specific regulatory variant in the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) gene has been identified as a major factor contributing to lower WBC counts in individuals of African descent. […] Ethnic background significantly influences WBC counts. African Americans typically have lower WBC counts compared to European Americans, largely due to genetic differences. A notable example is the Duffy Null polymorphism, which is prevalent in individuals of African ancestry and is associated with lower neutrophil counts. This genetic variation explains a substantial portion of the population variation in WBC counts between these ethnic groups.

• #45

  https://consensus.app/questions/what-causes-low-white-blood-cell-count/

  Large-scale genetic studies have identified several loci associated with WBC traits, many of which are also linked to immune-mediated diseases. These loci include genes involved in the differentiation and function of various WBC lineages, such as myeloid and lymphoid cells. […] Aging is another factor that influences WBC counts. As individuals age, there is a decline in the number and quality of lymphoid progenitor cells, which are crucial for immune responses. This decline is part of the natural aging process and is thought to be driven by inherent, programmed processes within stem and progenitor cells. […] Low white blood cell count can be attributed to a combination of genetic factors, polygenic predispositions, and aging. Genetic variations, particularly those affecting the Duffy blood group antigen, play a significant role in ethnic differences in WBC counts. Polygenic factors can influence clinical outcomes and treatment responses, while aging leads to a natural decline in WBC counts. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing personalized medical approaches and improving clinical care for individuals with low WBC counts.

• #46

  https://consensus.app/questions/low-white-blood-cell-count-causes/

  Low WBC count has been independently associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in elderly patients. Research indicates that both low and high WBC counts are linked to worse outcomes in CKD, suggesting that a low WBC count could be a marker of poor prognosis in these patients. […] Individuals with a genetic predisposition to lower WBC counts are at increased risk of leukopenia (a low WBC count) when treated with chemotherapeutic agents or immunosuppressants. This predisposition can lead to the discontinuation of treatments such as azathioprine due to the heightened risk of adverse effects. […] Aging is associated with a decline in WBC count, particularly in lymphoid cells. This decline is thought to be due to inherent programmed processes within stem and progenitor cells, which act as an internal clock controlling their functionality and lifespan. The reduction in WBC count with age can impact the immune system’s ability to respond to infections and other challenges.

• #47 What Is a Dangerous White Blood Cell Count?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_is_a_dangerous_white_blood_cell_count/article_em.htm

  White blood cell counts that are too high or too low may be dangerous, depending on the cause. Infection can cause spikes, as well as blood cancers and other conditions. […] A low white blood cell count is called leucopenia, which is generally diagnosed when white blood cell levels are below 4,500/L. […] Causes of low white blood cell counts include: […] Tumors or disease in the bone marrow […] Certain drugs, such as chemotherapy for cancer, some antibiotics and diuretics, anti-thyroid hormone drugs, captopril, seizure medications, and others […] Liver and spleen problems […] Radiation therapy to treat cancer […] Leukemia and other cancers […] Physical or emotional stress.

• #48 Understanding Leukopenia: Insights into Low White Blood Cell Counts and Immune Health – Portland Clinic of Natural Healthenvelope-oclock-omap-markerchevron-rightphoneangle-downgooglefaxcrossmenu

  https://portlandclinicofnaturalhealth.com/understanding-leukopenia-insights-low-white-blood-cell-counts-immune-health/

  Leukopenia, characterized by a lower than normal count of white blood cells (WBC), is a condition that may not be widely recognized by the general public but is a significant concern in the medical field. […] The causes of leukopenia are multifaceted and can include: […] Dietary Deficiencies and Poor Absorption: Essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Deficiencies in these nutrients, often due to poor dietary habits or malabsorption issues, can lead to a reduced WBC count. […] Chronic Infections: Ongoing infections, especially those related to environmental illnesses, can tax the immune system over time, leading to leukopenia. […] Stress: Both physical and emotional stress can have a profound impact on the immune system, potentially resulting in lower WBC counts.

• #49 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes & Symptoms | StudySmarter

  https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/nursing/human-anatomy/low-white-blood-cell-count/

  HIV/AIDS: This immune system disorder can drastically lower the white blood cell count. […] The occurrence of a reduced white blood cell count is not always due to severe medical conditions. Instead, your lifestyle plays a significant role in influencing the count. […] The following lifestyle factors can be a cause behind a low white blood cell count: Unhealthy diet: Lack of certain vitamins and minerals, vital for the production and function of white blood cells, may result in a lowered count. […] Alcohol and substance abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption and drug abuse can affect the marrow’s ability to produce white blood cells. […] Stress: Chronic stress can weaken your immune system in the long term, potentially lowering your white blood cell count. […] The link between low white blood cell count and cancer is a significant factor to understand in fields of healthcare, particularly nursing. […] Cancer, particularly those involving the blood and bone marrow such as leukemia and lymphoma, can significantly impact your white blood cell count. […] Low white blood cell count can also indicate cancer, acting as a marker for the disease.

• #50 Mayo Clinic Q and A: What causes low white blood cell count? – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-what-causes-low-white-blood-cell-count/

  Adults who have rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune disorders can develop neutropenia as a complication of those conditions. […] Rare causes of neutropenia in children include Kostmann’s syndrome, a congenital disorder involving low production of neutrophils, and myelokathexis, a congenital disorder involving failure of neutrophils to enter the bloodstream. […] In some cases, no cause can be found for persistently low white blood cell counts — a condition known as “chronic idiopathic neutropenia.”

• #51 Low White Blood Cell Counts | Neutropenia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/side-effects/low-blood-counts/neutropenia.html

  People with a low white blood cell count have a condition called neutropenia. Other names for having a low white blood cell count may include leukopenia, low WBC, low leukocyte count, and being immunocompromised. […] Neutropenia can be caused by cancer, cancer treatments, or something not related to cancer. Some common causes are: […] Cancers affecting the bone marrow (leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma) […] Cancer treatments such as chemo, targeted drug therapy, and bone marrow or stem cell transplant […] Disorders that affect the bone marrow such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) […] Many types of infections such as COVID-19, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), HIV, and hepatitis […] Immune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) […] Nutrition problems including low vitamin B12, copper, or folate […] Chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN) is long-term neutropenia without a clear cause.

• #52 Leukopenia physician – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hematology/leukopenia-physician/

  Leukopenic patients who are acutely ill or unstable require aggressive evaluation and management to determine the cause of the leukopenia, as well as the source of any concurrent infection. […] Aggressive tests that may be necessary in the evaluation of leukopenia include bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, lumbar puncture (if there are new focal neurologic deficits or altered mental status), or lymph node biopsy. […] Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a rare idiosyncratic reaction, that results in immune destruction of neutrophil precursors within the marrow. […] Autoimmune neutropenia: Primary autoimmune neutropenia is caused almost exclusively by antibodies directed against neutrophil antigens, including human neutrophil antigen (HNA1) and CD11b (HNA-4a), two surface antigens, or FcRIIIb, an immune complex receptor involved in secretion of toxic products. […] Nutritional deficiencies, especially those of Vitamin B12, folate, and copper, can lead to neutropenia. […] Chronic idiopathic neutropenia in adults (CINA) is a benign disorder whose etiology is totally unknown.

• #53 The Etiology and Management of Leukopenia

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2154209/

  Leukopenia is an abnormal reduction of circulating white blood cells, especially the granulocytes. […] It may result from reduced production of white blood cells or increased utilization and destruction, or both. […] Infection, drugs, malignancy, megaloblastosis, hypersplenism and immunoneutropenia are responsible for most cases of neutropenia. […] Primary neutropenia is very rare. […] Sometimes, particularly in children, primary neutropenia is hereditary and may be associated with other developmental defects.

• #54 Leukopenia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/leukopenia-5223575

  Leukopenia is when you have an abnormally low number of white blood cells (leukocytes). […] There are several types of leukopenia, which can develop from an underlying condition or as a reaction to medication or other factors. Treatment depends on what caused leukopenia. […] A number of issues can lead to a low white blood cell count. The cause could be an underlying medical condition, change in medication, or other factor that does one of the following: Prevents your bone marrow from making enough white blood cells, Causes your body to destroy white blood cells, Causes your body to use white blood cells faster than they can be produced. […] Almost any infection can lead to leukopenia. Infections can trigger the rapid use or destruction of neutrophils. […] Many different medications can cause leukopenia as a side effect, including: Antibiotics, such as penicillin, Antithyroid drugs, such as methimazole, Anti-seizure drugs, such as carbamazepine, Antivirals, such as acyclovir, Blood thinners, such as ticlopidine, Antipsychotics, such as clozapine, Hyperthyroid medication, including methimazole.

• #55 Low White Blood Cell Count (Leukopenia): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17706-low-white-blood-cell-count

  Healthcare providers treat the underlying cause. For example, if you have leukopenia because you have an infection, they may use antibiotics or antiviral drugs to fight the infection. Other treatments may include: Growth factors: These drugs encourage your bone marrow to make more blood cells. In this case, growth factor medication may boost white blood cell production. […] Your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on why you have leukopenia. For example, you may have leukopenia because you have a viral infection. In that case, your white blood cell count should return to normal once youre over your infection. If your white blood cell count is low because youre receiving cancer treatment, your prognosis depends on your cancer diagnosis and treatment.

• #56 Leukopenia (Low white blood cell count): Causes and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320299

  COVID-19 may also result in a shortage of white blood cells. […] Certain cancer treatments may affect a person’s white blood cell count, leading to leukopenia. Treatments that may have this effect include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplant. […] Some medications can also affect a person’s white blood cell count and may lead to leukopenia. […] Leukopenia can occur due to a range of medical conditions and medications. The treatment will depend on the underlying cause.

• #57 Leukopenia foods: What to eat with a low white blood cell count | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/cancer/leukopenia-foods-what-to-eat-with-a-low-white-blood-cell-count

  White blood cells (WBCs) are a type of blood cell found in your blood and lymph tissues. As part of your immune system, WBCs help fight infections. The medical term for low white blood cell counts is leukopenia. […] Low WBC counts can occur at different times throughout chemotherapy treatments. […] Currently, research doesn’t support specific foods or diets that can increase white blood cells. […] Good quality protein is important for cancer survivors. Our bodies use materials from the protein we eat to make new WBCs. […] The body uses vitamin B12 and folate to make WBCs.

• #58 Leukopenia physician – Cancer Therapy Advisor

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/decision-support-in-medicine/hematology/leukopenia-physician/

  Leukopenic patients who are acutely ill or unstable require aggressive evaluation and management to determine the cause of the leukopenia, as well as the source of any concurrent infection. […] Aggressive tests that may be necessary in the evaluation of leukopenia include bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, lumbar puncture (if there are new focal neurologic deficits or altered mental status), or lymph node biopsy. […] Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a rare idiosyncratic reaction, that results in immune destruction of neutrophil precursors within the marrow. […] Autoimmune neutropenia: Primary autoimmune neutropenia is caused almost exclusively by antibodies directed against neutrophil antigens, including human neutrophil antigen (HNA1) and CD11b (HNA-4a), two surface antigens, or FcRIIIb, an immune complex receptor involved in secretion of toxic products. […] Nutritional deficiencies, especially those of Vitamin B12, folate, and copper, can lead to neutropenia. […] Chronic idiopathic neutropenia in adults (CINA) is a benign disorder whose etiology is totally unknown.

• #59 Clinical associations with a polygenic predisposition to benign lower white blood cell counts | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47804-5

  A polygenic predisposition toward lower WBC counts was associated with an increased likelihood of drug-induced leukopenia with treatment using chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressant therapies and increased the likelihood of cessation of azathioprine due to clinical concern for a low WBC count. […] Collectively, these studies describe a genetic tool that may help identify populations who are susceptible to escalations or alterations in clinical care or may have a role in personalizing biomarker WBC count reference ranges for the purpose of de-escalating unnecessary diagnostic investigations or alterations to clinical care.

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