Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Aortic valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20353129

  In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn’t close properly. This causes blood to flow backward from the body’s main artery, called the aorta, into the lower left heart chamber, called the left ventricle. […] The leakage may prevent the heart from doing a good enough job of pumping blood to the rest of the body. You may feel tired and short of breath. […] Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #2 Aortic Insufficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557428/

  Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency, is a form of valvular heart disease in which the integrity of the aortic valve is compromised and leads to inadequate closure of the valve leaflets. […] The clinical presentation of AR depends on its acuity of onset. […] Patients with acute aortic insufficiency may complain of cough, palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, and chest pain. However, patients with chronic aortic regurgitation can often be asymptomatic for a lengthy amount of time before they exhibit exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, palpitations, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, syncope, and/or chest pain. […] Prognosis is dependent on the onset of symptoms and the progressions of the patient’s aortic insufficiency. Patients with asymptomatic aortic regurgitation have a good outlook unless their disease progresses acutely. Patients with severe AR and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who undergo prompt aortic valve replacement tend to have good long-term outcomes.

• #3

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic valve regurgitation (also known as aortic regurgitation) occurs when a backflow of blood that was just pumped out of the heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle) has leaked back (regurgitation) through the aortic valve. This blood leakage may result in the heart being inefficient in pumping blood to the rest of your body. Patients with aortic valve regurgitation often experience fatigue and shortness of breath. […] This condition can develop suddenly or gradually develop over many years. However, when aortic valve regurgitation becomes severe, surgery required to repair or replace the aortic valve. […] As most cases of aortic valve regurgitation develops slowly, patients may have no signs or symptoms for a long period of time. However, when the condition worsens, some symptoms may appear, such as: […] Chest pain, fatigue and weakness, typically with an increase in activity level […] Shortness of breath, especially with exertion or when you lie down […] Light-headedness or fainting.

• #4 Aortic valve regurgitation | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation?content_id=CON-20310186

  Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #5 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #6 Aortic Valve Regurgitation Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/aortic-valve-regurgitation/

  You may not have any symptoms for a long time. If symptoms do appear, it may mean that your heart is severely affected. […] Symptoms include: Shortness of breath, especially when you’re active. […] Fatigue and weakness. […] Trouble breathing at night. […] Awareness of the heartbeat, especially when lying down. […] Chest pain or pressure (angina), often brought on by exertion. […] The condition can also happen suddenly. This is known as acute aortic regurgitation. In this case, the symptoms are sudden, often more intense, and life-threatening. This is an emergency. […] Your treatment will depend on how severe the regurgitation is and if you have symptoms. […] If long-term regurgitation is severe, if symptoms appear, or if your heart doesn’t pump as well as it should, you may choose to have valve replacement surgery. You’ll need surgery right away if the condition starts suddenly and is also severe.

• #7 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] Mild aortic regurgitation may produce few symptoms. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #8 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/aortic-regurgitation

  You can have aortic regurgitation for years without symptoms. You may not even know you have it. But as the condition worsens, you may have symptoms such as: […] Usually, it progresses slowly. It also depends on how severe your case is, your age, and overall health. You can have mild aortic regurgitation for many years without any symptoms. […] Typically, no. But if you have mild aortic regurgitation, your doctor can prescribe medicines and lifestyle changes to help lower your risk for heart disease. And you can have this condition for many years without having symptoms.

• #9 Aortic Regurgitation Symptoms & Treatments | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation usually develops gradually, and you may not feel symptoms for years. However, as it worsens, you may experience: […] Chest pain that increases with exercise and goes away with rest […] Fainting, also known as syncope […] Fatigue […] Heart murmur […] Palpitations, or the sensation that the heartbeat is skipping, slowing down, or racing […] Shortness of breath. […] If your symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend monitoring your condition or taking medications to treat the symptoms. In severe cases or as time goes by, you may need surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve.

• #10 Aortic valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20353129

  In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn’t close properly. This causes blood to flow backward from the body’s main artery, called the aorta, into the lower left heart chamber, called the left ventricle. […] The leakage may prevent the heart from doing a good enough job of pumping blood to the rest of the body. You may feel tired and short of breath. […] Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #11 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation describes an aortic valve (between your main artery and main pumping chamber) that doesnt close tightly. Blood leaks backward with each heartbeat. You may have no symptoms from this heart valve disease at first. But as the condition worsens, you may have chest pain, shortness of breath or palpitations. […] Aortic regurgitation symptoms include: Chest pain, Cough, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Fainting (syncope), Shortness of breath (dyspnea) with physical activity (later, this can happen when youre lying down or trying to sleep), Swelling (edema) in your ankles and feet. […] Chronic, mild aortic regurgitation may not cause any symptoms for a long time. As your condition gets worse, you may gradually develop symptoms. […] You can have chronic aortic regurgitation for several years without having symptoms. But it can get worse over time. You may suspect its happening if you start having shortness of breath or chest pain.

• #12 Aortic Regurgitation | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over decades. When it develops over years it is called chronic aortic regurgitation. When it develops suddenly, it is called acute aortic regurgitation. […] Signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation include: Fatigue and weakness with increase in activity level, Shortness of breath with exertion or when lying on ones back, Chest pain (angina), discomfort or tightness, often increasing during exercise, Swollen ankles and feet (edema), Heart palpitations sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, Irregular pulse (arrhythmia), Heart murmur, Fainting. […] The signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are the result of the heart having to work harder to pump blood out to the body. In response to this need, the left ventricle of the heart may enlarge and thicken. At first, these adaptations help the left ventricle pump blood with more force. But eventually these changes weaken the left ventricle and the heart overall in time.

• #13 Aortic Regurgitation – Cardiovascular Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/valvular-disorders/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) is incompetency of the aortic valve causing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Symptoms include exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, palpitations, and chest pain. […] Chronic aortic regurgitation is typically asymptomatic for years; progressive exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and palpitations develop insidiously. […] Acute aortic regurgitation causes symptoms of heart failure (dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, edema) and cardiogenic shock (hypotension with resultant multisystem organ damage). […] With treatment, the 10-year survival for patients with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation is 80 to 95%. With appropriately timed valve replacement (ie, before heart failure and using accepted criteria for intervention), long-term prognosis for patients with moderate to severe AR is good. However, the prognosis for patients with severe AR and heart failure is considerably poorer.

• #14 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #15 Aortic Valve Insufficiency: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/aortic-insufficiency

  Aortic valve regurgitation happens when your aortic valve doesnt fully close, causing some blood to remain in your left ventricle. It can cause symptoms like chest pain and fatigue, among others. […] You can have aortic valve insufficiency without noticeable symptoms for years. As the damage progresses, symptoms can appear suddenly. They may include: chest pain or tightness that increases with exercise and subsides when youre at rest, fatigue, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting, swollen ankles and feet. […] Despite all of the extra effort, the heart still cannot pump enough blood to keep the body well-oxygenated. This condition will make you feel tired and out of breath easily. Over time, it can take a serious toll on your heart and overall health. […] Some people may not experience symptoms if the condition is mild, but when symptoms occur, they may include chest pain and shortness of breath, among others. […] Treatment can depend on the severity of the aortic valve insufficiency and may require lifestyle changes and monitoring or surgery.

• #16 Aortic valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20353129

  In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn’t close properly. This causes blood to flow backward from the body’s main artery, called the aorta, into the lower left heart chamber, called the left ventricle. […] The leakage may prevent the heart from doing a good enough job of pumping blood to the rest of the body. You may feel tired and short of breath. […] Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #17 Aortic valve regurgitation | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation?content_id=CON-20310186

  Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #18 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) may occur due to damage to the aortic valve leaflets or as a result of dilation of the aortic annulus. As the disease progresses, symptoms of heart failure eventually occur. The later symptoms of chronic AR are mostly due to congestive heart failure. […] Left heart failure results in passive elevation of pulmonary pressures with dyspnea. Physical activity may even cause transient pulmonary edema. […] As increased pulmonary pressure affects the right ventricle, right heart failure can ensue. […] Right heart failure symptoms include lower extremity-dependent edema and hepatic congestion. At night, when patients are recumbent, the excess extracellular fluid redistributes centrally, causing orthopnea (the need to sit up to breathe) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

• #19 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) may occur due to damage to the aortic valve leaflets or as a result of dilation of the aortic annulus. As the disease progresses, symptoms of heart failure eventually occur. The later symptoms of chronic AR are mostly due to congestive heart failure. […] Left heart failure results in passive elevation of pulmonary pressures with dyspnea. Physical activity may even cause transient pulmonary edema. […] As increased pulmonary pressure affects the right ventricle, right heart failure can ensue. […] Right heart failure symptoms include lower extremity-dependent edema and hepatic congestion. At night, when patients are recumbent, the excess extracellular fluid redistributes centrally, causing orthopnea (the need to sit up to breathe) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

• #20 Aortic valve regurgitation | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation?content_id=CON-20310186

  Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #21 Aortic Regurgitation (Leaky Heart Valve): Causes, Risks

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/aortic-regurgitation-8350668

  Aortic valve regurgitation is a type of heart valve disease that occurs when your hearts aortic valve doesnt close tightly, causing blood to leak backward with each heartbeat. Many people have no symptoms at first, but as the condition worsens, they may experience chest pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Over time, a leaky aortic valve can damage the heart, even leading to congestive heart failure, so timely treatment is crucial. […] Most people with aortic regurgitation dont have symptoms at first. People can be asymptomatic (have no symptoms) for many years. Then, symptoms can come on slowly or suddenly. The symptoms of aortic regurgitation include: A bounding pulse, Palpitations, Chest pain, Fatigue, Shortness of breath, especially with activity. […] As the condition worsens, you may notice: Shortness of breath while lying down, Waking up short of breath, Swelling in the ankles and feet, Weakness, especially with activity, Fainting or light-headedness.

• #22 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/

  There are varying degrees of aortic regurgitation. Patients may have a mild, moderate or severe leaking of the valve. Some patients with aortic regurgitation may not experience symptoms for many years. With time, however, patients with severe aortic regurgitation may develop symptoms which may include some or all of the following: […] Heart palpitations […] Chest pain […] Fatigue […] Shortness of breath […] Weakness […] Lightheadedness/fainting […] Swollen ankles and feet.

• #23 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] Mild aortic regurgitation may produce few symptoms. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #24 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #25 Aortic valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20353129

  Call a member of your health care team right away if you have symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation. […] Sometimes the first symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are related to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t pump blood as well as it should. Make an appointment with your health care team if you have: Tiredness, also called fatigue, that doesn’t get better with rest. Shortness of breath. Swollen ankles and feet. […] These are common symptoms of heart failure.

• #26 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation can appear suddenly or gradually over time. Aortic valve regurgitation doesnt always produce obvious symptoms, so the condition can go unnoticed for years. As it progresses, the signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation may include: […] If you are experiencing aortic valve regurgitation symptoms, contact a doctor immediately. In some cases of aortic valve regurgitation, the first symptoms that a person experiences are related to heart failure, such as persistent symptoms of fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, or shortness of breath.

• #27 Aortic valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20353129

  Call a member of your health care team right away if you have symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation. […] Sometimes the first symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are related to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t pump blood as well as it should. Make an appointment with your health care team if you have: Tiredness, also called fatigue, that doesn’t get better with rest. Shortness of breath. Swollen ankles and feet. […] These are common symptoms of heart failure.

• #28 Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17639-what-you-need-to-know-heart-valve-disease

  Many people with heart valve disease dont have symptoms. But when the condition worsens over time, your heart beats harder to make up for the reduced blood flow. […] Heart valve disease symptoms may include: Fatigue (This may be your first symptom.) Increasing shortness of breath, especially with physical activity Palpitations (skipped beats or a flip-flop feeling in your chest) Edema (swelling of your ankles, feet or abdomen) Weakness or dizziness Quick weight gain Chest pain, especially when you exert yourself. […] If you have heart valve disease, youll have it for your whole life. But your experience of heart valve disease depends on the valve affected and the severity of the problem. […] Its important to follow up regularly with a healthcare provider to monitor the progression of your valve disease over time.

• #29 Aortic valve regurgitation | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation?content_id=CON-20310186

  Sometimes the first symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are related to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t pump blood as well as it should. Make an appointment with your health care team if you have: Tiredness, also called fatigue, that doesn’t get better with rest. Shortness of breath. Swollen ankles and feet. […] Complications of aortic valve regurgitation can include: Fainting or feeling lightheaded. Heart failure. Certain heart infections such as endocarditis. Heart rhythm problems, called arrhythmias. Death.

• #30 Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17639-what-you-need-to-know-heart-valve-disease

  Many people with heart valve disease dont have symptoms. But when the condition worsens over time, your heart beats harder to make up for the reduced blood flow. […] Heart valve disease symptoms may include: Fatigue (This may be your first symptom.) Increasing shortness of breath, especially with physical activity Palpitations (skipped beats or a flip-flop feeling in your chest) Edema (swelling of your ankles, feet or abdomen) Weakness or dizziness Quick weight gain Chest pain, especially when you exert yourself. […] If you have heart valve disease, youll have it for your whole life. But your experience of heart valve disease depends on the valve affected and the severity of the problem. […] Its important to follow up regularly with a healthcare provider to monitor the progression of your valve disease over time.

• #31 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #32 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://mentalhealth.networkofcare.org/worcester-md/HealthLibrary/Article?docType=na&articleId=hw179692

  You may not have any symptoms for a long time. If symptoms do appear, it may mean that your heart is severely affected. […] Symptoms include: Shortness of breath, especially when you’re active. […] The condition can also happen suddenly. This is known as acute aortic regurgitation. In this case, the symptoms are sudden, often more intense, and life-threatening. This is an emergency. […] Your treatment will depend on how severe the regurgitation is and if you have symptoms. […] If long-term regurgitation is severe, if symptoms appear, or if your heart doesn’t pump as well as it should, you may choose to have valve replacement surgery. You’ll need surgery right away if the condition starts suddenly and is also severe.

• #33 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Unlike in chronic aortic regurgitation, almost all patients with significant acute aortic regurgitation are symptomatic. Signs of acute left heart failure including severe dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) arise. Patients typically present with symptoms of low cardiac output and systemic vasoconstriction, including pallor and coolness in the distal extremities, peripheral cyanosis and tachycardia (with a reduced peripheral pulse). […] Hypotension, flash pulmonary edema and shock can also occur.

• #34 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Unlike in chronic aortic regurgitation, almost all patients with significant acute aortic regurgitation are symptomatic. Signs of acute left heart failure including severe dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) arise. Patients typically present with symptoms of low cardiac output and systemic vasoconstriction, including pallor and coolness in the distal extremities, peripheral cyanosis and tachycardia (with a reduced peripheral pulse). […] Hypotension, flash pulmonary edema and shock can also occur.

• #35 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #36 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  Symptoms of aortic regurgitation are similar to those of heart failure and include the following: Dyspnea on exertion, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Palpitations, Angina pectoris, Cyanosis (in acute cases) […] In acute AR, as may be seen with acute perforation of the aortic valve due to endocarditis, there will be a sudden increase in the volume of blood in the left ventricle. The ventricle is unable to deal with the sudden change in volume. The filling pressure of the left ventricle will increase. This causes pressure in the left atrium to rise, and the individual will develop pulmonary edema. Severe acute aortic regurgitation is considered a medical emergency. There is a high mortality rate if the individual does not undergo immediate surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] If the individual survives the initial hemodynamic derailment that acute AR presents, the left ventricle adapts by its eccentric hypertrophy and dilatation with a subsequent compensated volume overload. The left ventricular filling pressures will revert to normal and the individual will no longer have overt heart failure. In this compensated phase, the individual may be totally asymptomatic and may have normal exercise tolerance. Eventually (typically after a latency period) the left ventricle will become decompensated, and filling pressures will increase. Some individuals enter this decompensated phase asymptomatically, treatment for AR involves aortic valve replacement prior to this decompensation phase.

• #37 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #38 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Unlike in chronic aortic regurgitation, almost all patients with significant acute aortic regurgitation are symptomatic. Signs of acute left heart failure including severe dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) arise. Patients typically present with symptoms of low cardiac output and systemic vasoconstriction, including pallor and coolness in the distal extremities, peripheral cyanosis and tachycardia (with a reduced peripheral pulse). […] Hypotension, flash pulmonary edema and shock can also occur.

• #39 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Unlike in chronic aortic regurgitation, almost all patients with significant acute aortic regurgitation are symptomatic. Signs of acute left heart failure including severe dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) arise. Patients typically present with symptoms of low cardiac output and systemic vasoconstriction, including pallor and coolness in the distal extremities, peripheral cyanosis and tachycardia (with a reduced peripheral pulse). […] Hypotension, flash pulmonary edema and shock can also occur.

• #40 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Unlike in chronic aortic regurgitation, almost all patients with significant acute aortic regurgitation are symptomatic. Signs of acute left heart failure including severe dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) arise. Patients typically present with symptoms of low cardiac output and systemic vasoconstriction, including pallor and coolness in the distal extremities, peripheral cyanosis and tachycardia (with a reduced peripheral pulse). […] Hypotension, flash pulmonary edema and shock can also occur.

• #41 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Unlike in chronic aortic regurgitation, almost all patients with significant acute aortic regurgitation are symptomatic. Signs of acute left heart failure including severe dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) arise. Patients typically present with symptoms of low cardiac output and systemic vasoconstriction, including pallor and coolness in the distal extremities, peripheral cyanosis and tachycardia (with a reduced peripheral pulse). […] Hypotension, flash pulmonary edema and shock can also occur.

• #42 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  Unlike in chronic aortic regurgitation, almost all patients with significant acute aortic regurgitation are symptomatic. Signs of acute left heart failure including severe dyspnea, dyspnea at rest, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) arise. Patients typically present with symptoms of low cardiac output and systemic vasoconstriction, including pallor and coolness in the distal extremities, peripheral cyanosis and tachycardia (with a reduced peripheral pulse). […] Hypotension, flash pulmonary edema and shock can also occur.

• #43 Guide to Aortic Valve Disease | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/aortic/aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve regurgitation allows some of the blood that was just pumped out of your heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle) to leak back into it. […] Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over decades. When it develops over years it is called chronic aortic regurgitation, whereas for sudden onset, it is called acute aortic regurgitation. […] Aortic valve regurgitation develops gradually, and your heart compensates for the problem over time. You may have no signs or symptoms for many years, and you may even be unaware that you have this condition. […] In aortic valve regurgitation, some blood leaks back into the left ventricle instead of flowing onward to the rest of your body after being pumped into the aorta. This forces the left ventricle to hold more blood. In response, this chamber of your heart may enlarge and thicken. At first, these adaptations help the left ventricle pump blood with more force. But eventually these changes weaken the left ventricle and your heart overall in time.

• #44 Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: When Should It Be Considered? | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1115/p1709.html

  Deciding when to operate on a patient with chronic aortic regurgitation may be extremely difficult. […] Determining the point at which surgery is needed is more difficult in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation than in patients with other valvular lesions. If the aortic regurgitation develops gradually, the left ventricle can become enormous, but the patient may have few or no symptoms. […] The natural history of chronic aortic regurgitation is well recognized. The asymptomatic patient who has moderate to severe aortic regurgitation may not have symptoms for many years. […] In patients with asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction, the rate of progression to symptoms is higher than 25 percent per year. In symptomatic patients, the mortality rate is greater than 10 percent per year.

• #45 Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: When Should It Be Considered? | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1115/p1709.html

  Deciding when to operate on a patient with chronic aortic regurgitation may be extremely difficult. […] Determining the point at which surgery is needed is more difficult in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation than in patients with other valvular lesions. If the aortic regurgitation develops gradually, the left ventricle can become enormous, but the patient may have few or no symptoms. […] The natural history of chronic aortic regurgitation is well recognized. The asymptomatic patient who has moderate to severe aortic regurgitation may not have symptoms for many years. […] In patients with asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction, the rate of progression to symptoms is higher than 25 percent per year. In symptomatic patients, the mortality rate is greater than 10 percent per year.

• #46 Aortic Regurgitation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-overview

  Aortic regurgitation may be a chronic disease process or it may occur acutely, presenting as heart failure. […] Three fourths of patients with significant aortic regurgitation survive 5 years after diagnosis; half survive for 10 years. Patients with mild to moderate regurgitation survive 10 years in 80-95% of the cases. Average survival after the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) is less than 2 years. […] Acute aortic regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity, which can progress from pulmonary edema to refractory heart failure and cardiogenic shock. […] Chronic AR causes gradual left ventricular volume overload that leads to a series of compensatory changes, including LV enlargement and eccentric hypertrophy. […] As AR progresses, LV enlargement surpasses preload reserve on the Frank-Starling curve, with the EF falling to normal and then subnormal levels.

• #47 Aortic Regurgitation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-overview

  Aortic regurgitation may be a chronic disease process or it may occur acutely, presenting as heart failure. […] Three fourths of patients with significant aortic regurgitation survive 5 years after diagnosis; half survive for 10 years. Patients with mild to moderate regurgitation survive 10 years in 80-95% of the cases. Average survival after the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) is less than 2 years. […] Acute aortic regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity, which can progress from pulmonary edema to refractory heart failure and cardiogenic shock. […] Chronic AR causes gradual left ventricular volume overload that leads to a series of compensatory changes, including LV enlargement and eccentric hypertrophy. […] As AR progresses, LV enlargement surpasses preload reserve on the Frank-Starling curve, with the EF falling to normal and then subnormal levels.

• #48 Aortic Regurgitation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-overview

  Aortic regurgitation may be a chronic disease process or it may occur acutely, presenting as heart failure. […] Three fourths of patients with significant aortic regurgitation survive 5 years after diagnosis; half survive for 10 years. Patients with mild to moderate regurgitation survive 10 years in 80-95% of the cases. Average survival after the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) is less than 2 years. […] Acute aortic regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity, which can progress from pulmonary edema to refractory heart failure and cardiogenic shock. […] Chronic AR causes gradual left ventricular volume overload that leads to a series of compensatory changes, including LV enlargement and eccentric hypertrophy. […] As AR progresses, LV enlargement surpasses preload reserve on the Frank-Starling curve, with the EF falling to normal and then subnormal levels.

• #49 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  Symptoms of aortic regurgitation are similar to those of heart failure and include the following: Dyspnea on exertion, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Palpitations, Angina pectoris, Cyanosis (in acute cases) […] In acute AR, as may be seen with acute perforation of the aortic valve due to endocarditis, there will be a sudden increase in the volume of blood in the left ventricle. The ventricle is unable to deal with the sudden change in volume. The filling pressure of the left ventricle will increase. This causes pressure in the left atrium to rise, and the individual will develop pulmonary edema. Severe acute aortic regurgitation is considered a medical emergency. There is a high mortality rate if the individual does not undergo immediate surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] If the individual survives the initial hemodynamic derailment that acute AR presents, the left ventricle adapts by its eccentric hypertrophy and dilatation with a subsequent compensated volume overload. The left ventricular filling pressures will revert to normal and the individual will no longer have overt heart failure. In this compensated phase, the individual may be totally asymptomatic and may have normal exercise tolerance. Eventually (typically after a latency period) the left ventricle will become decompensated, and filling pressures will increase. Some individuals enter this decompensated phase asymptomatically, treatment for AR involves aortic valve replacement prior to this decompensation phase.

• #50 Guide to Aortic Valve Disease | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/aortic/aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve regurgitation allows some of the blood that was just pumped out of your heart’s main pumping chamber (left ventricle) to leak back into it. […] Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over decades. When it develops over years it is called chronic aortic regurgitation, whereas for sudden onset, it is called acute aortic regurgitation. […] Aortic valve regurgitation develops gradually, and your heart compensates for the problem over time. You may have no signs or symptoms for many years, and you may even be unaware that you have this condition. […] In aortic valve regurgitation, some blood leaks back into the left ventricle instead of flowing onward to the rest of your body after being pumped into the aorta. This forces the left ventricle to hold more blood. In response, this chamber of your heart may enlarge and thicken. At first, these adaptations help the left ventricle pump blood with more force. But eventually these changes weaken the left ventricle and your heart overall in time.

• #51 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #52 Aortic Regurgitation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-overview

  Aortic regurgitation may be a chronic disease process or it may occur acutely, presenting as heart failure. […] Three fourths of patients with significant aortic regurgitation survive 5 years after diagnosis; half survive for 10 years. Patients with mild to moderate regurgitation survive 10 years in 80-95% of the cases. Average survival after the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) is less than 2 years. […] Acute aortic regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity, which can progress from pulmonary edema to refractory heart failure and cardiogenic shock. […] Chronic AR causes gradual left ventricular volume overload that leads to a series of compensatory changes, including LV enlargement and eccentric hypertrophy. […] As AR progresses, LV enlargement surpasses preload reserve on the Frank-Starling curve, with the EF falling to normal and then subnormal levels.

• #53 Aortic Regurgitation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-overview

  Eventually, the LV reaches its maximal diameter and diastolic pressure begins to rise, resulting in symptoms (dyspnea) that may worsen during exercise. […] Severe acute AR carries a very high short-term rate of morbidity and mortality owing to the imposition of a greatly increased regurgitant volume upon a relatively noncompliant LV. […] Severe chronic AR tends to follow a more gradual clinical course. This is typically characterized initially by a long, relatively asymptomatic period. However, once symptoms ensue, the patient’s clinical status may deteriorate relatively rapidly.

• #54 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] Mild aortic regurgitation may produce few symptoms. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #55 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart disorder that leads to leaking in the aortic valve. […] It can take years for the signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation to surface, depending on the severity of the condition. Common aortic valve regurgitation symptoms include: Shortness of breath, initially during activity and potentially even at rest as the condition progresses […] How fast aortic regurgitation progresses varies from person to person. Specific factors like severity, its underlying cause, and age and overall health affect the progression of the disease. […] If aortic valve regurgitation goes untreated, it can progressively deteriorate cardiac functioning, eventually leading to heart failure. Early diagnosis and symptom management can prevent or reduce the likelihood of heart complications.

• #56 Aortic Regurgitation | Edwards Lifesciences

  https://www.edwards.com/healthcare-professionals/conditions-procedures/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the third most common valvular pathology found in the general population, with a lifetime risk of 13% in men and 8.5% in women.1 […] It is critical to diagnose and treat AR early, as progression is associated with increased mortality risk. Within ten years of diagnosis of severe AR, 75% of patients die or require aortic valve replacement.1-4 […] Progression of AR can be variable and exponentially increases mortality risk.2,3 […] Even in asymptomatic severe AR, mortality can be as high as 19% within 6.6 years of diagnosis.1 […] Current U.S. and European guidelines recommend surgical intervention before symptoms develop in severe AR patients with LV dysfunction, primarily based on echocardiographic parameters.9,10

• #57 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart disorder that leads to leaking in the aortic valve. […] It can take years for the signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation to surface, depending on the severity of the condition. Common aortic valve regurgitation symptoms include: Shortness of breath, initially during activity and potentially even at rest as the condition progresses […] How fast aortic regurgitation progresses varies from person to person. Specific factors like severity, its underlying cause, and age and overall health affect the progression of the disease. […] If aortic valve regurgitation goes untreated, it can progressively deteriorate cardiac functioning, eventually leading to heart failure. Early diagnosis and symptom management can prevent or reduce the likelihood of heart complications.

• #58 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart disorder that leads to leaking in the aortic valve. […] It can take years for the signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation to surface, depending on the severity of the condition. Common aortic valve regurgitation symptoms include: Shortness of breath, initially during activity and potentially even at rest as the condition progresses […] How fast aortic regurgitation progresses varies from person to person. Specific factors like severity, its underlying cause, and age and overall health affect the progression of the disease. […] If aortic valve regurgitation goes untreated, it can progressively deteriorate cardiac functioning, eventually leading to heart failure. Early diagnosis and symptom management can prevent or reduce the likelihood of heart complications.

• #59 Aortic Regurgitation – Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

  https://www.leedsth.nhs.uk/patients/resources/aortic-regurgitation/

  Aortic regurgitation is a condition where the one-way aortic valve doesn’t close tightly and therefore becomes leaky. Blood exits the heart when the left ventricle (heart muscle) pumps. As the valve is leaky, when the heart relaxes blood is able to fall back into the heart. […] Aortic regurgitation is a chronic (long term) condition. It can be graded into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. […] Mild or moderate aortic regurgitation do not usually cause symptoms or any strain on the heart. […] Regardless of the severity of aortic regurgitation, if you have no symptoms, it is likely that the Heart Valve Team will keep you under review with a clinic visit and echocardiogram (echo or cardiac ultrasound) intermittently as the valve disease can progress. Patients with aortic regurgitation are often followed up for many years without any symptoms.

• #60 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.myactivehealth.com/hwcontent/content/special/hw179692.html

  Aortic valve regurgitation is a problem with the aortic valve. […] When you have aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn’t close as it should. […] You can have this problem for a long time and not know it. It may take years for symptoms to start. This is called chronic aortic valve regurgitation. […] For chronic regurgitation, you may not have any symptoms at first. But over time you may have: […] If you start to notice any of these symptoms, let your doctor know right away. […] When the valve problem is acute, these symptoms are sudden, often more intense, and life-threatening. […] You may not have any symptoms for a long time. When symptoms do appear, it may mean that your heart is severely affected. […] If you start to notice symptoms, let your doctor know right away. […] There’s no way to tell how quickly symptoms will develop. Some people stay free of symptoms for decades. For others, symptoms may develop over 2 to 3 years. […] Acute aortic valve regurgitation is an emergency.

• #61 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.myactivehealth.com/hwcontent/content/special/hw179692.html

  Aortic valve regurgitation is a problem with the aortic valve. […] When you have aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn’t close as it should. […] You can have this problem for a long time and not know it. It may take years for symptoms to start. This is called chronic aortic valve regurgitation. […] For chronic regurgitation, you may not have any symptoms at first. But over time you may have: […] If you start to notice any of these symptoms, let your doctor know right away. […] When the valve problem is acute, these symptoms are sudden, often more intense, and life-threatening. […] You may not have any symptoms for a long time. When symptoms do appear, it may mean that your heart is severely affected. […] If you start to notice symptoms, let your doctor know right away. […] There’s no way to tell how quickly symptoms will develop. Some people stay free of symptoms for decades. For others, symptoms may develop over 2 to 3 years. […] Acute aortic valve regurgitation is an emergency.

• #62 Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: When Should It Be Considered? | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1115/p1709.html

  Deciding when to operate on a patient with chronic aortic regurgitation may be extremely difficult. […] Determining the point at which surgery is needed is more difficult in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation than in patients with other valvular lesions. If the aortic regurgitation develops gradually, the left ventricle can become enormous, but the patient may have few or no symptoms. […] The natural history of chronic aortic regurgitation is well recognized. The asymptomatic patient who has moderate to severe aortic regurgitation may not have symptoms for many years. […] In patients with asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction, the rate of progression to symptoms is higher than 25 percent per year. In symptomatic patients, the mortality rate is greater than 10 percent per year.

• #63 Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: When Should It Be Considered? | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1115/p1709.html

  Deciding when to operate on a patient with chronic aortic regurgitation may be extremely difficult. […] Determining the point at which surgery is needed is more difficult in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation than in patients with other valvular lesions. If the aortic regurgitation develops gradually, the left ventricle can become enormous, but the patient may have few or no symptoms. […] The natural history of chronic aortic regurgitation is well recognized. The asymptomatic patient who has moderate to severe aortic regurgitation may not have symptoms for many years. […] In patients with asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction, the rate of progression to symptoms is higher than 25 percent per year. In symptomatic patients, the mortality rate is greater than 10 percent per year.

• #64 Aortic Valve Regurgitation Symptoms | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms

  A person may not know at first that they have aortic valve regurgitation. Over time, however, their blood pressure can increase and they may begin to feel tired and short of breath. They may also develop an arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), chest pain or palpitations. This is because the heart is now straining to pump out both the new blood that is coming into the ventricle as well as the blood that is flowing back through the damaged valve. […] Continued regurgitation may result in reduced heart function (heart failure). It can also lead to lung congestion which makes it difficult to breath and causes you to retain fluid, leading to swelling of the feet and ankles.

• #65 Aortic Valve Regurgitation Symptoms | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms

  A person may not know at first that they have aortic valve regurgitation. Over time, however, their blood pressure can increase and they may begin to feel tired and short of breath. They may also develop an arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), chest pain or palpitations. This is because the heart is now straining to pump out both the new blood that is coming into the ventricle as well as the blood that is flowing back through the damaged valve. […] Continued regurgitation may result in reduced heart function (heart failure). It can also lead to lung congestion which makes it difficult to breath and causes you to retain fluid, leading to swelling of the feet and ankles.

• #66 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #67 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] Mild aortic regurgitation may produce few symptoms. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #68 Aortic regurgitation: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000179.htm

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve does not close tightly. This allows blood to flow from the aorta (the largest blood vessel) into the left ventricle (a chamber of the heart). […] The condition often has no symptoms for many years. Symptoms may come on slowly or suddenly. They may include: […] The left lower chamber (left ventricle) of the heart widens (dilates) and the heart beats very strongly (bounding pulse). Over time, the heart becomes less able to supply enough blood to the body. […] You have symptoms of aortic regurgitation. […] You have aortic insufficiency and your symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop (especially chest pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling). […] Surgery can cure aortic insufficiency and relieve symptoms, unless you develop heart failure or other complications. People with angina or congestive heart failure due to aortic regurgitation do poorly without treatment.

• #69 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  The most common Aortic Regurgitation symptoms that patients should look out for when it begins to worsen includes: Severe shortness of breath when exercising or lying down, Feeling fatigued or weak especially noticeable from increased activity, Ankle and feet swelling, Chest pain (angina) discomfort or tightness in the chest, Light-headedness or feeling faint, An irregular pulse (arrhythmia) or heart murmur, A rapid or fluttering heartbeat (palpitations). […] Chronic Aortic Regurgitation (slow onset), is much better tolerated since a patients heart has time to accommodate to the gradually worsening leakage of the aortic valve. It does this by dilating and increasing in thickness over time. This then causes the heart to become inefficient and the volume overload resulting from this can lead to leakage of the mitral valve. Chronic Aortic Regurgitation symptoms are similar and include shortness of breath, swollen legs, and palpitations.

• #70 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  The most common Aortic Regurgitation symptoms that patients should look out for when it begins to worsen includes: Severe shortness of breath when exercising or lying down, Feeling fatigued or weak especially noticeable from increased activity, Ankle and feet swelling, Chest pain (angina) discomfort or tightness in the chest, Light-headedness or feeling faint, An irregular pulse (arrhythmia) or heart murmur, A rapid or fluttering heartbeat (palpitations). […] Chronic Aortic Regurgitation (slow onset), is much better tolerated since a patients heart has time to accommodate to the gradually worsening leakage of the aortic valve. It does this by dilating and increasing in thickness over time. This then causes the heart to become inefficient and the volume overload resulting from this can lead to leakage of the mitral valve. Chronic Aortic Regurgitation symptoms are similar and include shortness of breath, swollen legs, and palpitations.

• #71 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  The most common Aortic Regurgitation symptoms that patients should look out for when it begins to worsen includes: Severe shortness of breath when exercising or lying down, Feeling fatigued or weak especially noticeable from increased activity, Ankle and feet swelling, Chest pain (angina) discomfort or tightness in the chest, Light-headedness or feeling faint, An irregular pulse (arrhythmia) or heart murmur, A rapid or fluttering heartbeat (palpitations). […] Chronic Aortic Regurgitation (slow onset), is much better tolerated since a patients heart has time to accommodate to the gradually worsening leakage of the aortic valve. It does this by dilating and increasing in thickness over time. This then causes the heart to become inefficient and the volume overload resulting from this can lead to leakage of the mitral valve. Chronic Aortic Regurgitation symptoms are similar and include shortness of breath, swollen legs, and palpitations.

• #72 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart disorder that leads to leaking in the aortic valve. […] It can take years for the signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation to surface, depending on the severity of the condition. Common aortic valve regurgitation symptoms include: Shortness of breath, initially during activity and potentially even at rest as the condition progresses […] How fast aortic regurgitation progresses varies from person to person. Specific factors like severity, its underlying cause, and age and overall health affect the progression of the disease. […] If aortic valve regurgitation goes untreated, it can progressively deteriorate cardiac functioning, eventually leading to heart failure. Early diagnosis and symptom management can prevent or reduce the likelihood of heart complications.

• #73 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart disorder that leads to leaking in the aortic valve. […] It can take years for the signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation to surface, depending on the severity of the condition. Common aortic valve regurgitation symptoms include: Shortness of breath, initially during activity and potentially even at rest as the condition progresses […] How fast aortic regurgitation progresses varies from person to person. Specific factors like severity, its underlying cause, and age and overall health affect the progression of the disease. […] If aortic valve regurgitation goes untreated, it can progressively deteriorate cardiac functioning, eventually leading to heart failure. Early diagnosis and symptom management can prevent or reduce the likelihood of heart complications.

• #74 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #75 Aortic regurgitation – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/324

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) can be caused by primary disease of the aortic valve leaflets or dilation of the aortic root. It may develop acutely (acute AR) or over decades (chronic AR). […] Chronic AR may be asymptomatic for years until overt symptoms of congestive heart failure develop. Initial symptoms can include palpitations and uncomfortable awareness of the pounding heart when lying on the left side. […] Acute AR is a medical emergency, presenting with sudden onset of pulmonary oedema and hypotension or cardiogenic shock. May also present as myocardial ischaemia or aortic root dissection. […] Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the diastolic leakage of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. It occurs due to inadequate coaptation of valve leaflets resulting from either intrinsic valve disease or dilation of the aortic root. It can remain asymptomatic for decades before patients present with irreversible myocardial damage.

• #76 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.tidelandshealth.org/library/diseasesconditions/adult/134,505

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be acute or chronic. With acute aortic valve regurgitation, the valve suddenly becomes leaky. The heart doesnt have time to get used to the leak in the valve. With chronic aortic valve regurgitation, the valve slowly becomes leakier. This gives the heart time to get used to the leak. […] You may not have any symptoms from mild aortic regurgitation. If the condition becomes more severe, you may develop symptoms that get worse over time. These may include: Shortness of breath with exertion, Shortness of breath when lying flat, Fatigue, Unpleasant awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), Swelling in your legs, abdomen, and the veins in your neck, Chest pain or tightness with exertion, Strong pulses felt in the neck. […] Sudden severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency, and includes symptoms, such as: Symptoms of shock (such as pale skin, unconsciousness, or rapid breathing), Severe shortness of breath, Abnormal heart rhythms that make the heart unable to pump effectively. […] You may not have symptoms for many years. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation may get worse. It may need surgery. […] Acute, severe aortic valve regurgitation is a medical emergency. You should get help right away.

• #77 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  Symptoms of aortic regurgitation are similar to those of heart failure and include the following: Dyspnea on exertion, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Palpitations, Angina pectoris, Cyanosis (in acute cases) […] In acute AR, as may be seen with acute perforation of the aortic valve due to endocarditis, there will be a sudden increase in the volume of blood in the left ventricle. The ventricle is unable to deal with the sudden change in volume. The filling pressure of the left ventricle will increase. This causes pressure in the left atrium to rise, and the individual will develop pulmonary edema. Severe acute aortic regurgitation is considered a medical emergency. There is a high mortality rate if the individual does not undergo immediate surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] If the individual survives the initial hemodynamic derailment that acute AR presents, the left ventricle adapts by its eccentric hypertrophy and dilatation with a subsequent compensated volume overload. The left ventricular filling pressures will revert to normal and the individual will no longer have overt heart failure. In this compensated phase, the individual may be totally asymptomatic and may have normal exercise tolerance. Eventually (typically after a latency period) the left ventricle will become decompensated, and filling pressures will increase. Some individuals enter this decompensated phase asymptomatically, treatment for AR involves aortic valve replacement prior to this decompensation phase.

• #78 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  Acute (sudden onset) Aortic Valve Regurgitation is a serious condition which produces sudden heart failure. Acute Aortic Valve Regurgitation often occurs as a result of infection of the valve, and if this happens, it is a surgical emergency. If it isnt treated quickly, an aortic regurgitation murmur can have a high mortality rate. Fortunately, this is not very common and in most cases with the right expert medical attention, the consequences of acute aortic valve regurgitation can be resolved and surgical treatment can be planned.

• #79 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=hw179692

  The condition can also happen suddenly. This is known as acute aortic regurgitation. In this case, the symptoms are sudden, often more intense, and life-threatening. This is an emergency. […] In most people, aortic valve regurgitation starts slowly. […] If long-term regurgitation is severe, if symptoms appear, or if your heart doesn’t pump as well as it should, you may choose to have valve replacement surgery. You’ll need surgery right away if the condition starts suddenly and is also severe.

• #80 8 Common Symptoms For Aortic Valve Regurgitation | Vejthani

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/

  Heart failure may occasionally be a factor in the development of aortic valve regurgitation. It is recommended to have a physical consultation with the specialist if the patient is experiencing tiredness that doesnt improve with rest, shortness of breath, and swelling of ankles and feet, this may indicate heart failure. […] Aortic valve regurgitation is a slow progressive disease (chronic) but it can induce instantly (acute) as a result of valve infection.

• #81 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=hw179692

  The condition can also happen suddenly. This is known as acute aortic regurgitation. In this case, the symptoms are sudden, often more intense, and life-threatening. This is an emergency. […] In most people, aortic valve regurgitation starts slowly. […] If long-term regurgitation is severe, if symptoms appear, or if your heart doesn’t pump as well as it should, you may choose to have valve replacement surgery. You’ll need surgery right away if the condition starts suddenly and is also severe.

• #82 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  Acute (sudden onset) Aortic Valve Regurgitation is a serious condition which produces sudden heart failure. Acute Aortic Valve Regurgitation often occurs as a result of infection of the valve, and if this happens, it is a surgical emergency. If it isnt treated quickly, an aortic regurgitation murmur can have a high mortality rate. Fortunately, this is not very common and in most cases with the right expert medical attention, the consequences of acute aortic valve regurgitation can be resolved and surgical treatment can be planned.

• #83 Aortic regurgitation – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/324

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) can be caused by primary disease of the aortic valve leaflets or dilation of the aortic root. It may develop acutely (acute AR) or over decades (chronic AR). […] Chronic AR may be asymptomatic for years until overt symptoms of congestive heart failure develop. Initial symptoms can include palpitations and uncomfortable awareness of the pounding heart when lying on the left side. […] Acute AR is a medical emergency, presenting with sudden onset of pulmonary oedema and hypotension or cardiogenic shock. May also present as myocardial ischaemia or aortic root dissection. […] Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the diastolic leakage of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. It occurs due to inadequate coaptation of valve leaflets resulting from either intrinsic valve disease or dilation of the aortic root. It can remain asymptomatic for decades before patients present with irreversible myocardial damage.

• #84 Aortic regurgitation – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/324

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) can be caused by primary disease of the aortic valve leaflets or dilation of the aortic root. It may develop acutely (acute AR) or over decades (chronic AR). […] Chronic AR may be asymptomatic for years until overt symptoms of congestive heart failure develop. Initial symptoms can include palpitations and uncomfortable awareness of the pounding heart when lying on the left side. […] Acute AR is a medical emergency, presenting with sudden onset of pulmonary oedema and hypotension or cardiogenic shock. May also present as myocardial ischaemia or aortic root dissection. […] Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the diastolic leakage of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. It occurs due to inadequate coaptation of valve leaflets resulting from either intrinsic valve disease or dilation of the aortic root. It can remain asymptomatic for decades before patients present with irreversible myocardial damage.

• #85 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=hw179692

  The condition can also happen suddenly. This is known as acute aortic regurgitation. In this case, the symptoms are sudden, often more intense, and life-threatening. This is an emergency. […] In most people, aortic valve regurgitation starts slowly. […] If long-term regurgitation is severe, if symptoms appear, or if your heart doesn’t pump as well as it should, you may choose to have valve replacement surgery. You’ll need surgery right away if the condition starts suddenly and is also severe.

• #86 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  Acute (sudden onset) Aortic Valve Regurgitation is a serious condition which produces sudden heart failure. Acute Aortic Valve Regurgitation often occurs as a result of infection of the valve, and if this happens, it is a surgical emergency. If it isnt treated quickly, an aortic regurgitation murmur can have a high mortality rate. Fortunately, this is not very common and in most cases with the right expert medical attention, the consequences of acute aortic valve regurgitation can be resolved and surgical treatment can be planned.

• #87 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  The most common Aortic Regurgitation symptoms that patients should look out for when it begins to worsen includes: Severe shortness of breath when exercising or lying down, Feeling fatigued or weak especially noticeable from increased activity, Ankle and feet swelling, Chest pain (angina) discomfort or tightness in the chest, Light-headedness or feeling faint, An irregular pulse (arrhythmia) or heart murmur, A rapid or fluttering heartbeat (palpitations). […] Chronic Aortic Regurgitation (slow onset), is much better tolerated since a patients heart has time to accommodate to the gradually worsening leakage of the aortic valve. It does this by dilating and increasing in thickness over time. This then causes the heart to become inefficient and the volume overload resulting from this can lead to leakage of the mitral valve. Chronic Aortic Regurgitation symptoms are similar and include shortness of breath, swollen legs, and palpitations.

• #88 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://www.cham.org/HealthwiseArticle.aspx?id=hw179692

  Aortic valve regurgitation is a problem with the aortic valve. […] When you have aortic valve regurgitation, this valve doesn’t close as it should. […] You can have this problem for a long time and not know it. It may take years for symptoms to start. This is called chronic aortic valve regurgitation. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and chest pain or pressure (angina), especially when you’re active. You may have trouble breathing at night. You may feel tired and weak. Some people feel very aware of their heartbeat, especially when lying down, or feel their heart beating unevenly (palpitations). […] You may not have any symptoms for a long time. If symptoms do appear, it may mean that your heart is severely affected. […] Symptoms include: Shortness of breath, especially when you’re active.

• #89 Aortic valve regurgitation | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation?content_id=CON-20310186

  Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #90 Aortic regurgitation – British Heart Valve Society

  https://bhvs.org/heart-valve-conditions/aortic-regurgitation/

  Aortic regurgitation is a long term (chronic) condition. It can be graded into three categories; mild, moderate and severe. […] Regardless of the severity of aortic regurgitation, if you have no symptoms then it is likely that the Heart Valve Team will keep you under review with a clinic visit and echocardiogram (echo or cardiac ultrasound) on a regular basis. Patients with aortic regurgitation are often followed up for many years without symptoms. […] If the valve is severely leaky (severe aortic regurgitation) and you have symptoms then you may be referred for aortic valve replacement. […] Due to the importance of symptoms in patients with aortic regurgitation, you must let your Healthcare Professional know if you develop symptoms in between clinic appointments. […] IMPORTANT SYMPTOMS TO BE AWARE OF: Increasing shortness of breath, Severe or increasing ankle swelling, Chest pain or tightness, Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations), Difficulty exercising (not being able to do as much for as long).

• #91 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation describes an aortic valve (between your main artery and main pumping chamber) that doesnt close tightly. Blood leaks backward with each heartbeat. You may have no symptoms from this heart valve disease at first. But as the condition worsens, you may have chest pain, shortness of breath or palpitations. […] Aortic regurgitation symptoms include: Chest pain, Cough, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Fainting (syncope), Shortness of breath (dyspnea) with physical activity (later, this can happen when youre lying down or trying to sleep), Swelling (edema) in your ankles and feet. […] Chronic, mild aortic regurgitation may not cause any symptoms for a long time. As your condition gets worse, you may gradually develop symptoms. […] You can have chronic aortic regurgitation for several years without having symptoms. But it can get worse over time. You may suspect its happening if you start having shortness of breath or chest pain.

• #92 Aortic Regurgitation Symptoms & Treatments | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation usually develops gradually, and you may not feel symptoms for years. However, as it worsens, you may experience: […] Chest pain that increases with exercise and goes away with rest […] Fainting, also known as syncope […] Fatigue […] Heart murmur […] Palpitations, or the sensation that the heartbeat is skipping, slowing down, or racing […] Shortness of breath. […] If your symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend monitoring your condition or taking medications to treat the symptoms. In severe cases or as time goes by, you may need surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve.

• #93 Aortic Regurgitation | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over decades. When it develops over years it is called chronic aortic regurgitation. When it develops suddenly, it is called acute aortic regurgitation. […] Signs and symptoms of aortic regurgitation include: Fatigue and weakness with increase in activity level, Shortness of breath with exertion or when lying on ones back, Chest pain (angina), discomfort or tightness, often increasing during exercise, Swollen ankles and feet (edema), Heart palpitations sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, Irregular pulse (arrhythmia), Heart murmur, Fainting. […] The signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are the result of the heart having to work harder to pump blood out to the body. In response to this need, the left ventricle of the heart may enlarge and thicken. At first, these adaptations help the left ventricle pump blood with more force. But eventually these changes weaken the left ventricle and the heart overall in time.

• #94 Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Regurgitation Surgery

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/aortic-valve/aortic-regurgitation/

  The most common Aortic Regurgitation symptoms that patients should look out for when it begins to worsen includes: Severe shortness of breath when exercising or lying down, Feeling fatigued or weak especially noticeable from increased activity, Ankle and feet swelling, Chest pain (angina) discomfort or tightness in the chest, Light-headedness or feeling faint, An irregular pulse (arrhythmia) or heart murmur, A rapid or fluttering heartbeat (palpitations). […] Chronic Aortic Regurgitation (slow onset), is much better tolerated since a patients heart has time to accommodate to the gradually worsening leakage of the aortic valve. It does this by dilating and increasing in thickness over time. This then causes the heart to become inefficient and the volume overload resulting from this can lead to leakage of the mitral valve. Chronic Aortic Regurgitation symptoms are similar and include shortness of breath, swollen legs, and palpitations.

• #95 Aortic valve regurgitation – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation/symptoms-causes/syc-20353129

  In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn’t close properly. This causes blood to flow backward from the body’s main artery, called the aorta, into the lower left heart chamber, called the left ventricle. […] The leakage may prevent the heart from doing a good enough job of pumping blood to the rest of the body. You may feel tired and short of breath. […] Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over many years. Once the condition becomes severe, surgery often is needed to repair or replace the valve. […] Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops over time. You may have no symptoms for years. You might not realize that you have the condition. But sometimes, aortic valve regurgitation occurs suddenly. Usually, this is due to an infection of the valve. […] As aortic valve regurgitation becomes worse, symptoms may include: Shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down. Tiredness and weakness, especially when being more active than usual. Irregular heartbeat. Lightheadedness or fainting. Pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest, which often gets worse during exercise. Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat, called palpitations. Swollen ankles and feet.

• #96 Aortic Insufficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557428/

  Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency, is a form of valvular heart disease in which the integrity of the aortic valve is compromised and leads to inadequate closure of the valve leaflets. […] The clinical presentation of AR depends on its acuity of onset. […] Patients with acute aortic insufficiency may complain of cough, palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, and chest pain. However, patients with chronic aortic regurgitation can often be asymptomatic for a lengthy amount of time before they exhibit exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, palpitations, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, syncope, and/or chest pain. […] Prognosis is dependent on the onset of symptoms and the progressions of the patient’s aortic insufficiency. Patients with asymptomatic aortic regurgitation have a good outlook unless their disease progresses acutely. Patients with severe AR and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who undergo prompt aortic valve replacement tend to have good long-term outcomes.

• #97 Aortic Insufficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557428/

  Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency, is a form of valvular heart disease in which the integrity of the aortic valve is compromised and leads to inadequate closure of the valve leaflets. […] The clinical presentation of AR depends on its acuity of onset. […] Patients with acute aortic insufficiency may complain of cough, palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, and chest pain. However, patients with chronic aortic regurgitation can often be asymptomatic for a lengthy amount of time before they exhibit exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, palpitations, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, syncope, and/or chest pain. […] Prognosis is dependent on the onset of symptoms and the progressions of the patient’s aortic insufficiency. Patients with asymptomatic aortic regurgitation have a good outlook unless their disease progresses acutely. Patients with severe AR and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who undergo prompt aortic valve replacement tend to have good long-term outcomes.

• #98 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  The risk of death in individuals with aortic regurgitation, dilated ventricle, normal ejection fraction who are asymptomatic is about 0.2 percent per year. Risk increases if the ejection fraction decreases or if the individual develops symptoms. Individuals with chronic (severe) aortic regurgitation follow a course that once symptoms appear, surgical intervention is needed. AI is fatal in 10 to 20% of individuals who do not undergo surgery for this condition. Left ventricle dysfunction determines to an extent the outlook for severity of aortic regurgitation cases.

• #99 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  Research shows that people who have valve replacement surgery before developing heart failure have a good long-term prognosis (outlook), even if their cases were severe. People whove developed heart failure may have a worse prognosis. […] People with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation do well after treatment. They have a 10-year survival rate of 80% to 95%.

• #100 Aortic Regurgitation – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/heart-valve-disorders/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation causes no symptoms unless heart failure develops. […] People with severe regurgitation may develop symptoms when heart failure results. Heart failure causes shortness of breath during exertion. Lying flat, especially at night, makes breathing difficult. Sitting up allows backed-up fluid to drain out of the upper part of the lungs, restoring normal breathing. About 5% of people with aortic regurgitation have chest pain due to an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle (angina), especially at night. […] Treatment with medication is not especially effective in slowing the progression of heart failure and does not eliminate the need for timely valve repair or replacement. […] With treatment, the prognosis for people with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation is very good. When valve replacement is done before heart failure develops, long-term prognosis for people with moderate to severe aortic regurgitation is also good. However, the outlook for people with severe aortic regurgitation and heart failure is considerably poorer.

• #101 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  The risk of death in individuals with aortic regurgitation, dilated ventricle, normal ejection fraction who are asymptomatic is about 0.2 percent per year. Risk increases if the ejection fraction decreases or if the individual develops symptoms. Individuals with chronic (severe) aortic regurgitation follow a course that once symptoms appear, surgical intervention is needed. AI is fatal in 10 to 20% of individuals who do not undergo surgery for this condition. Left ventricle dysfunction determines to an extent the outlook for severity of aortic regurgitation cases.

• #102 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  The risk of death in individuals with aortic regurgitation, dilated ventricle, normal ejection fraction who are asymptomatic is about 0.2 percent per year. Risk increases if the ejection fraction decreases or if the individual develops symptoms. Individuals with chronic (severe) aortic regurgitation follow a course that once symptoms appear, surgical intervention is needed. AI is fatal in 10 to 20% of individuals who do not undergo surgery for this condition. Left ventricle dysfunction determines to an extent the outlook for severity of aortic regurgitation cases.

• #103 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  The risk of death in individuals with aortic regurgitation, dilated ventricle, normal ejection fraction who are asymptomatic is about 0.2 percent per year. Risk increases if the ejection fraction decreases or if the individual develops symptoms. Individuals with chronic (severe) aortic regurgitation follow a course that once symptoms appear, surgical intervention is needed. AI is fatal in 10 to 20% of individuals who do not undergo surgery for this condition. Left ventricle dysfunction determines to an extent the outlook for severity of aortic regurgitation cases.

• #104 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  The risk of death in individuals with aortic regurgitation, dilated ventricle, normal ejection fraction who are asymptomatic is about 0.2 percent per year. Risk increases if the ejection fraction decreases or if the individual develops symptoms. Individuals with chronic (severe) aortic regurgitation follow a course that once symptoms appear, surgical intervention is needed. AI is fatal in 10 to 20% of individuals who do not undergo surgery for this condition. Left ventricle dysfunction determines to an extent the outlook for severity of aortic regurgitation cases.

• #105 Aortic Regurgitation: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-overview

  Aortic regurgitation may be a chronic disease process or it may occur acutely, presenting as heart failure. […] Three fourths of patients with significant aortic regurgitation survive 5 years after diagnosis; half survive for 10 years. Patients with mild to moderate regurgitation survive 10 years in 80-95% of the cases. Average survival after the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) is less than 2 years. […] Acute aortic regurgitation is associated with significant morbidity, which can progress from pulmonary edema to refractory heart failure and cardiogenic shock. […] Chronic AR causes gradual left ventricular volume overload that leads to a series of compensatory changes, including LV enlargement and eccentric hypertrophy. […] As AR progresses, LV enlargement surpasses preload reserve on the Frank-Starling curve, with the EF falling to normal and then subnormal levels.

• #106 Life expectancy for leaking heart valve diseases: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/leaking-heart-valve-life-expectancy

  Aortic valve regurgitation affects 4.910% of the U.S. population. It causes more deaths than other types of leaky valves. […] With aortic regurgitation, a person might have no symptoms. However, this condition tends to progress over time and can cause symptoms that need treatment. People with a severe form of the disease may experience: shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, heart palpitations. […] In the early stages of the disease, doctors recommend monitoring for the development of symptoms. Once a person develops symptoms, their risk of pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, and other serious complications increases. […] Older research from 1999 notes that without surgery, the outlook for people who have symptomatic, severe aortic valve regurgitation is poor, with around 28% surviving 3 years or longer. However, treatment can improve life expectancy.

• #107 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  Research shows that people who have valve replacement surgery before developing heart failure have a good long-term prognosis (outlook), even if their cases were severe. People whove developed heart failure may have a worse prognosis. […] People with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation do well after treatment. They have a 10-year survival rate of 80% to 95%.

• #108 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  Research shows that people who have valve replacement surgery before developing heart failure have a good long-term prognosis (outlook), even if their cases were severe. People whove developed heart failure may have a worse prognosis. […] People with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation do well after treatment. They have a 10-year survival rate of 80% to 95%.

• #109 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  Research shows that people who have valve replacement surgery before developing heart failure have a good long-term prognosis (outlook), even if their cases were severe. People whove developed heart failure may have a worse prognosis. […] People with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation do well after treatment. They have a 10-year survival rate of 80% to 95%.

• #110 Aortic regurgitation – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation

  The risk of death in individuals with aortic regurgitation, dilated ventricle, normal ejection fraction who are asymptomatic is about 0.2 percent per year. Risk increases if the ejection fraction decreases or if the individual develops symptoms. Individuals with chronic (severe) aortic regurgitation follow a course that once symptoms appear, surgical intervention is needed. AI is fatal in 10 to 20% of individuals who do not undergo surgery for this condition. Left ventricle dysfunction determines to an extent the outlook for severity of aortic regurgitation cases.

• #111 Life expectancy for leaking heart valve diseases: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/leaking-heart-valve-life-expectancy

  Aortic valve replacement can improve life expectancy. […] However, a person’s life expectancy may still be reduced compared with the general population, depending on their age, overall health, and disease severity. According to a 2014 study, this reduction in life expectancy may be higher in people aged 50 and younger. […] In a 2021 study involving 8,353 people over age 60 who had an aortic valve replacement, researchers found median survival rates of: 10.9 years in low risk participants, 7.3 years in intermediate risk participants, 5.8 years in high risk participants.

• #112 Life expectancy for leaking heart valve diseases: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/leaking-heart-valve-life-expectancy

  Aortic valve replacement can improve life expectancy. […] However, a person’s life expectancy may still be reduced compared with the general population, depending on their age, overall health, and disease severity. According to a 2014 study, this reduction in life expectancy may be higher in people aged 50 and younger. […] In a 2021 study involving 8,353 people over age 60 who had an aortic valve replacement, researchers found median survival rates of: 10.9 years in low risk participants, 7.3 years in intermediate risk participants, 5.8 years in high risk participants.

• #113 Life expectancy for leaking heart valve diseases: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/leaking-heart-valve-life-expectancy

  Aortic valve replacement can improve life expectancy. […] However, a person’s life expectancy may still be reduced compared with the general population, depending on their age, overall health, and disease severity. According to a 2014 study, this reduction in life expectancy may be higher in people aged 50 and younger. […] In a 2021 study involving 8,353 people over age 60 who had an aortic valve replacement, researchers found median survival rates of: 10.9 years in low risk participants, 7.3 years in intermediate risk participants, 5.8 years in high risk participants.

• #114 Life expectancy for leaking heart valve diseases: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/leaking-heart-valve-life-expectancy

  Aortic valve replacement can improve life expectancy. […] However, a person’s life expectancy may still be reduced compared with the general population, depending on their age, overall health, and disease severity. According to a 2014 study, this reduction in life expectancy may be higher in people aged 50 and younger. […] In a 2021 study involving 8,353 people over age 60 who had an aortic valve replacement, researchers found median survival rates of: 10.9 years in low risk participants, 7.3 years in intermediate risk participants, 5.8 years in high risk participants.

• #115 Aortic Valve Regurgitation | Lehigh Valley Health Network

  https://www.lvhn.org/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic valve regurgitation occurs when the aortic valve doesn’t close tightly during the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes, allowing blood to flow back into the heart instead of pumping out. […] Aortic valve regurgitation is a condition in which the aortic valve does not close completely, allowing some blood to flow back into the heart chambers. Experts at Lehigh Valley Heart and Vascular Institute are experienced at treating many cardiac problems, including aortic valve regurgitation. Advanced aortic regurgitation can result in serious health problems, including heart failure. […] Advanced aortic regurgitation can result in serious health problems, including heart failure. […] You’re more likely to develop aortic regurgitation if you have a bicuspid valve, had rheumatic fever or have a congenital heart defect. Bacterial endocarditis and high blood pressure also can be factors. If you’re an older adult, you’re more likely to be diagnosed with aortic valve regurgitation because of potential changes to the valve over time. […] Symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation include chest pain that worsens during exercise, fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling in the ankles, rapid pulse rate, and lightheadedness or fainting.

• #116 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] Mild aortic regurgitation may produce few symptoms. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #117 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] Mild aortic regurgitation may produce few symptoms. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #118 Problem: Aortic Valve Regurgitation | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation is leakage of blood through the aortic valve each time the left ventricle relaxes. […] Mild aortic regurgitation may produce few symptoms. […] People with more severe aortic regurgitation may notice heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue or shortness of breath. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing when lying down, weakness, fainting or swollen ankles and feet. […] The heart will have to do more work to compensate for the blood leak back into the left ventricle. The walls of the ventricle sometimes thicken (hypertrophy), and a thickened heart muscle is a less effective pump. Eventually, the heart may be unable to pump enough to meet the body’s need for blood, leading to heart failure.

• #119 Aortic Regurgitation | Edwards Lifesciences

  https://www.edwards.com/healthcare-professionals/conditions-procedures/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the third most common valvular pathology found in the general population, with a lifetime risk of 13% in men and 8.5% in women.1 […] It is critical to diagnose and treat AR early, as progression is associated with increased mortality risk. Within ten years of diagnosis of severe AR, 75% of patients die or require aortic valve replacement.1-4 […] Progression of AR can be variable and exponentially increases mortality risk.2,3 […] Even in asymptomatic severe AR, mortality can be as high as 19% within 6.6 years of diagnosis.1 […] Current U.S. and European guidelines recommend surgical intervention before symptoms develop in severe AR patients with LV dysfunction, primarily based on echocardiographic parameters.9,10

• #120 Aortic Regurgitation | Edwards Lifesciences

  https://www.edwards.com/healthcare-professionals/conditions-procedures/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the third most common valvular pathology found in the general population, with a lifetime risk of 13% in men and 8.5% in women.1 […] It is critical to diagnose and treat AR early, as progression is associated with increased mortality risk. Within ten years of diagnosis of severe AR, 75% of patients die or require aortic valve replacement.1-4 […] Progression of AR can be variable and exponentially increases mortality risk.2,3 […] Even in asymptomatic severe AR, mortality can be as high as 19% within 6.6 years of diagnosis.1 […] Current U.S. and European guidelines recommend surgical intervention before symptoms develop in severe AR patients with LV dysfunction, primarily based on echocardiographic parameters.9,10

• #121 Aortic Regurgitation | Edwards Lifesciences

  https://www.edwards.com/healthcare-professionals/conditions-procedures/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) is the third most common valvular pathology found in the general population, with a lifetime risk of 13% in men and 8.5% in women.1 […] It is critical to diagnose and treat AR early, as progression is associated with increased mortality risk. Within ten years of diagnosis of severe AR, 75% of patients die or require aortic valve replacement.1-4 […] Progression of AR can be variable and exponentially increases mortality risk.2,3 […] Even in asymptomatic severe AR, mortality can be as high as 19% within 6.6 years of diagnosis.1 […] Current U.S. and European guidelines recommend surgical intervention before symptoms develop in severe AR patients with LV dysfunction, primarily based on echocardiographic parameters.9,10

• #122 Aortic valve regurgitation | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Sometimes the first symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are related to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t pump blood as well as it should. Make an appointment with your health care team if you have: Tiredness, also called fatigue, that doesn’t get better with rest. Shortness of breath. Swollen ankles and feet. […] Treatment of aortic valve regurgitation depends on: How serious the condition is. The symptoms, if any. Whether the condition is getting worse. […] Surgery may be needed to repair or replace the diseased valve, especially if the condition and symptoms are severe. Heart valve surgery may be needed even if aortic regurgitation isn’t severe or when there are no symptoms.

• #123 Aortic valve regurgitation | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310186/

  Sometimes the first symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are related to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cant pump blood as well as it should. Make an appointment with your health care team if you have: Tiredness, also called fatigue, that doesnt get better with rest. Shortness of breath. Swollen ankles and feet. […] The goals of aortic valve regurgitation treatment are to ease symptoms and prevent complications. […] If your symptoms are mild or you dont have symptoms, you may only need regular health checkups. You may need regular echocardiograms to check the health of the aortic valve. Heart-healthy lifestyle changes also are usually recommended.

• #124 Aortic Regurgitation Symptoms & Treatments | MedStar Health

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/services/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation usually develops gradually, and you may not feel symptoms for years. However, as it worsens, you may experience: […] Chest pain that increases with exercise and goes away with rest […] Fainting, also known as syncope […] Fatigue […] Heart murmur […] Palpitations, or the sensation that the heartbeat is skipping, slowing down, or racing […] Shortness of breath. […] If your symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend monitoring your condition or taking medications to treat the symptoms. In severe cases or as time goes by, you may need surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve.

• #125 Aortic valve regurgitation | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20310186/

  Sometimes the first symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation are related to heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cant pump blood as well as it should. Make an appointment with your health care team if you have: Tiredness, also called fatigue, that doesnt get better with rest. Shortness of breath. Swollen ankles and feet. […] The goals of aortic valve regurgitation treatment are to ease symptoms and prevent complications. […] If your symptoms are mild or you dont have symptoms, you may only need regular health checkups. You may need regular echocardiograms to check the health of the aortic valve. Heart-healthy lifestyle changes also are usually recommended.

• #126 Aortic Regurgitation – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/heart-valve-disorders/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation causes no symptoms unless heart failure develops. […] People with severe regurgitation may develop symptoms when heart failure results. Heart failure causes shortness of breath during exertion. Lying flat, especially at night, makes breathing difficult. Sitting up allows backed-up fluid to drain out of the upper part of the lungs, restoring normal breathing. About 5% of people with aortic regurgitation have chest pain due to an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle (angina), especially at night. […] Treatment with medication is not especially effective in slowing the progression of heart failure and does not eliminate the need for timely valve repair or replacement. […] With treatment, the prognosis for people with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation is very good. When valve replacement is done before heart failure develops, long-term prognosis for people with moderate to severe aortic regurgitation is also good. However, the outlook for people with severe aortic regurgitation and heart failure is considerably poorer.

• #127 Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation: When Should It Be Considered? | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/1115/p1709.html

  Although there is only a small chance of sudden death or left ventricular dysfunction in patients with asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation, these adverse events are possible. Therefore, it is important to follow asymptomatic patients for the development of symptoms and to examine them regularly to detect progression of severity. […] The use of after load-reducing agents such as nifedipine (Procardia), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or hydralazine (Apresoline) in asymptomatic patients with moderate to severe aortic regurgitation has been shown to decrease the progression of cardiac enlargement and even postpone the timing of valve replacement. […] When aortic valve surgery with low or no operative mortality and no late complications becomes possible, valve replacement may be recommended as soon as the heart starts dilating and developing hypertrophy.

• #128 Aortic regurgitation: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000179.htm

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve does not close tightly. This allows blood to flow from the aorta (the largest blood vessel) into the left ventricle (a chamber of the heart). […] The condition often has no symptoms for many years. Symptoms may come on slowly or suddenly. They may include: […] The left lower chamber (left ventricle) of the heart widens (dilates) and the heart beats very strongly (bounding pulse). Over time, the heart becomes less able to supply enough blood to the body. […] You have symptoms of aortic regurgitation. […] You have aortic insufficiency and your symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop (especially chest pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling). […] Surgery can cure aortic insufficiency and relieve symptoms, unless you develop heart failure or other complications. People with angina or congestive heart failure due to aortic regurgitation do poorly without treatment.

• #129 Aortic Regurgitation or Insufficiency | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/heart-valve/aortic-valve-regurgitation-or-insufficiency

  Aortic insufficiency often has no symptoms for many years. Symptoms may occur slowly or suddenly. […] Aortic insufficiency is most common in men between the ages of 30 and 60. […] Signs may include: A heart murmur when the health care provider listens to the chest with a stethoscope. […] If there are no symptoms or if symptoms are mild, you may only need to get an echocardiogram from time to time and be monitored by a health care provider. […] Surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve corrects aortic insufficiency. The decision to have aortic valve replacement depends on your symptoms and the condition and function of your heart.

• #130 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #131 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #132 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #133 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #134 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #135 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #136 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #137 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #138 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #139 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #140 Aortic Regurgitation Guidelines: Guidelines Summary

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150490-guidelines

  Surgery is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation regardless of left ventricular (LV) function; for asymptomatic patients with (a) LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD) 50 mm or 25 mm/m2 body surface area (if body size is small) or (b) resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 50%; and for both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or surgery of the ascending aorta or of another valve. […] The 2014 AHA/ACC guidelines classify progression of chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) into 4 stages (A to D) as follows: Stage A: At Risk of AR, Stage B: Asymptomatic with progressive AR (mild to moderate), Stage C: Asymptomatic with severe AR, Stage D: Symptomatic with severe AR. […] Both AHA/ACC and ESC/EACTS guidelines require intervention decisions for severe valvular heart disease (VHD) should be based on an individual risk-benefit analysis. Improved prognosis should outweigh the risk of intervention and potential late consequences, particularly complications related to prosthetic valves.

• #141 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  Research shows that people who have valve replacement surgery before developing heart failure have a good long-term prognosis (outlook), even if their cases were severe. People whove developed heart failure may have a worse prognosis. […] People with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation do well after treatment. They have a 10-year survival rate of 80% to 95%.

• #142 Aortic Regurgitation – Cardiovascular Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/valvular-disorders/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation (AR) is incompetency of the aortic valve causing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Symptoms include exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, palpitations, and chest pain. […] Chronic aortic regurgitation is typically asymptomatic for years; progressive exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and palpitations develop insidiously. […] Acute aortic regurgitation causes symptoms of heart failure (dyspnea, fatigue, weakness, edema) and cardiogenic shock (hypotension with resultant multisystem organ damage). […] With treatment, the 10-year survival for patients with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation is 80 to 95%. With appropriately timed valve replacement (ie, before heart failure and using accepted criteria for intervention), long-term prognosis for patients with moderate to severe AR is good. However, the prognosis for patients with severe AR and heart failure is considerably poorer.

• #143 Aortic Regurgitation – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/heart-valve-disorders/aortic-regurgitation

  Aortic regurgitation causes no symptoms unless heart failure develops. […] People with severe regurgitation may develop symptoms when heart failure results. Heart failure causes shortness of breath during exertion. Lying flat, especially at night, makes breathing difficult. Sitting up allows backed-up fluid to drain out of the upper part of the lungs, restoring normal breathing. About 5% of people with aortic regurgitation have chest pain due to an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle (angina), especially at night. […] Treatment with medication is not especially effective in slowing the progression of heart failure and does not eliminate the need for timely valve repair or replacement. […] With treatment, the prognosis for people with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation is very good. When valve replacement is done before heart failure develops, long-term prognosis for people with moderate to severe aortic regurgitation is also good. However, the outlook for people with severe aortic regurgitation and heart failure is considerably poorer.

• #144 Aortic insufficiency Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/aortic-insufficiency

  Aortic regurgitation is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve does not close tightly. This allows blood to flow from the aorta (the largest blood vessel) into the left ventricle (a chamber of the heart). […] The condition often has no symptoms for many years. Symptoms may come on slowly or suddenly. They may include: […] Aortic insufficiency is most common in men between the ages of 30 and 60. […] Surgery can cure aortic insufficiency and relieve symptoms, unless you develop heart failure or other complications. People with angina or congestive heart failure due to aortic regurgitation do poorly without treatment.

• #145 Aortic Insufficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557428/

  Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency, is a form of valvular heart disease in which the integrity of the aortic valve is compromised and leads to inadequate closure of the valve leaflets. […] The clinical presentation of AR depends on its acuity of onset. […] Patients with acute aortic insufficiency may complain of cough, palpitations, dyspnea on exertion, and chest pain. However, patients with chronic aortic regurgitation can often be asymptomatic for a lengthy amount of time before they exhibit exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, palpitations, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, syncope, and/or chest pain. […] Prognosis is dependent on the onset of symptoms and the progressions of the patient’s aortic insufficiency. Patients with asymptomatic aortic regurgitation have a good outlook unless their disease progresses acutely. Patients with severe AR and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who undergo prompt aortic valve replacement tend to have good long-term outcomes.

• #146 Aortic Insufficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557428/

  However, these patients need to be monitored carefully after valve replacement in case they require additional procedures, develop heart failure, or other negative outcomes. Those who develop decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and worsening symptoms have a poorer prognosis as they would be deemed unable to undergo aortic valve replacement based on current guideline recommendations.

• #147 Aortic Insufficiency – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557428/

  However, these patients need to be monitored carefully after valve replacement in case they require additional procedures, develop heart failure, or other negative outcomes. Those who develop decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and worsening symptoms have a poorer prognosis as they would be deemed unable to undergo aortic valve replacement based on current guideline recommendations.

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