Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prevention of aortic valve disease: between doubts and certainties

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-18/prevention-of-aortic-valve-disease-between-doubts-and-certainties

  Aortic valve disease and its prevention is a topic in constant evolution. Currently, medical therapy able to prevent the development of aortic valve disease is not available. […] Prevention also includes avoidance of rheumatic fever and endocarditis. […] Medical therapy and identification and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors remain much-debated topics in terms of the prevention of aortic valve disease. However, a consolidated option, as recommended by the European Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease, is the prophylaxis of endocarditis and rheumatic fever. Preventing aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation is also a way of avoiding rheumatic heart disease and endocarditis with complications. […] Prevention of rheumatic heart disease means the prevention of the first attack of acute rheumatic fever. The objective of primary prevention is the proper identification and adequate antibiotic treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis.

• #2 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  Scheduling regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor heart activity, especially if you have a heart condition or if someone in your family has a valve defect, such as a bicuspid aortic valve. Aortic valve regurgitation or a different heart condition will be easier to treat when diagnosed in its earlier stages.

• #3 Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  There is no way to prevent aortic valve regurgitation entirely, but certain preventative measures can be taken to reduce the risk. Preventative measures of aortic valve regurgitation include: […] Maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle. This includes regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a diet rich in whole grains, lean proteins, fruit, and vegetables. Avoid smoking, foods with high levels of saturated or trans fats, and foods with high salt content. […] Seeking immediate treatment for strep throat. Strep throat needs to be treated properly with antibiotics so that it does not progress into rheumatic fever, which can cause aortic valve regurgitation. […] Checking blood pressure regularly. Make sure your blood pressure stays in a healthy range to help avoid aortic valve regurgitation. If necessary, take medications as prescribed by your doctor to help control your blood pressure.

• #4 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24396-aortic-regurgitation

  You cant always prevent heart valve disease. But you can lower your risk by: […] Avoiding tobacco products […] Avoiding recreational drugs […] Getting the amount of physical activity your healthcare provider recommends […] Seeing a provider right away when youre sick or have an infection […] Taking your medications, including those that treat high blood pressure […] Limiting heavy weight lifting if you have a dilated aorta.

• #5 Aortic Valve Regurgitation | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/aortic-valve-regurgitation.html

  Aortic valve regurgitation can be caused by any condition in which the leaflets or the ring structure of the valve is damaged. This can occur with the following conditions: […] Advancing age is a common risk factor for aortic regurgitation. You can reduce some risk factors for aortic valve regurgitation, such as: […] Manage high blood pressure with lifestyle and medicines […] Use antibiotics to treat rheumatic fever and prevent rheumatic heart disease […] Don’t use IV (intravenous) drugs. This lowers the risk for heart valve infection. […] Promptly treat health conditions that can lead to the disorder […] To reduce the risk of these complications, your healthcare provider may prescribe medicines to help the heart pump better. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe treatments for heart problems related to aortic valve regurgitation, such as:

• #6 Aortic insufficiency Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/aortic-insufficiency

  Blood pressure control is very important if you are at risk for aortic regurgitation.

• #7 Aortic Valve Regurgitation FAQs by Cardiac Solutions

  https://www.cardiacsolutions.net/aortic-valve-regurgitation/

  If you have high blood pressure, make sure your blood pressure is under control. Follow the plan you and your healthcare provider have made about medicines, diet, and exercise. […] If you have Marfan syndrome, medicines called beta blockers can decrease the chance you will develop aortic regurgitation.

• #8 Prevention of aortic valve disease: between doubts and certainties

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-18/prevention-of-aortic-valve-disease-between-doubts-and-certainties

  Endocarditis prophylaxis is based on antibiotic treatment, in specific patients, when a high-risk procedure is performed. Prophylaxis should only be considered for dental procedures involving manipulation of the gingival or periapical region of the teeth or manipulation of the oral mucosa. […] Good dental hygiene is associated with a reduced risk of developing endocarditis due to reduced bacteraemia. […] Prevention measures are based on good daily dental hygiene, using optimal quality toothbrushes, and dental follow-up. European recommendations underline the importance of dental hygiene, which should always be advised in intermediate- and high-risk patients. […] Prevention of aortic valve disease still requires research studies to define the correct approach. Currently, although medical therapy to prevent disease and progression has not been recommended, the use of statins, as a medical therapy for preventing atherosclerosis, a risk factor in developing stenosis, is recommended. Risk factors, first of all arterial hypertension, could be associated with the risk of aortic stenosis and regurgitation; treatment could be beneficial for prevention. Prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and endocarditis must be performed according to the current indication to avoid the risk of consequent valvular diseases.

• #9 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  http://library.oumedicine.com/Search/134,505

  Medicines to reduce the risk for irregular heart rhythms […] Reduction of caffeine and alcohol to reduce the risk of arrhythmias […] Cholesterol-lowering medicines […] Smoking cessation […] Regular physical activity as you are able. This can help control cholesterol and blood pressure and keep your lungs and heart muscle strong.

• #10 Aortic Regurgitation: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/aortic-regurgitation

  There are no guaranteed ways to prevent aortic valve regurgitation. If you have strep throat, get treated before it progresses into rheumatic fever. You can also lower your risk for heart disease by keeping an eye on your blood pressure and practicing good health habits such as: […] Exercise for at least 150 minutes a week. […] Stay at a healthy weight. […] Eat a good diet (the Mediterranean-style eating plan is a good choice). […] Take the medications your doctor prescribes for any conditions you have. […] Don’t smoke.

• #11 Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17639-what-you-need-to-know-heart-valve-disease

  How can I reduce my risk of heart valve disease? […] Although you cant change some risk factors, like growing older, there are things you can do that may reduce your risk of heart valve disease. These include: […] Getting treatment quickly for infections […] Being physically active […] Eating heart-healthy foods […] Staying at a weight thats healthy for you […] Continuing to take medicine for high blood pressure and/or high cholesterol if you have those conditions […] Not using tobacco products […] Not using recreational drugs, especially IV drugs, which increase your risk for heart valve infection. […] If you have heart valve disease, ask your healthcare provider about the increased risk of getting infective endocarditis. This infection can damage or destroy your heart valves and can be fatal. Youre at risk even if you had surgery to repair or replace your valve. To prevent infective endocarditis:

• #12 Aortic Valve Regurgitation | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/aortic-valve-regurgitation.html

  A low-salt, heart-healthy diet to decrease blood pressure and stress on your heart […] Medicines to lower your blood pressure […] Medicines to reduce the risk for irregular heart rhythms […] Reduction of caffeine and alcohol to reduce the risk of arrhythmias […] Smoking cessation […] Regular physical activity as you are able. This can help control cholesterol and blood pressure and keep your lungs and heart muscle strong.

• #13 Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  http://library.oumedicine.com/Search/134,505

  Advancing age is a common risk factor for aortic regurgitation. You can reduce some risk factors for aortic valve regurgitation, such as: […] Manage high blood pressure with lifestyle and medicines […] Use antibiotics to treat rheumatic fever and prevent rheumatic heart disease […] Don’t use IV (intravenous) drugs. This lowers the risk for heart valve infection. […] Promptly treat health conditions that can lead to the disorder. […] To reduce the risk of these complications, your healthcare provider may prescribe medicines to help the heart pump better. […] Your healthcare provider may prescribe treatments for heart problems related to aortic valve regurgitation, such as: […] A low-salt, heart-healthy diet to decrease blood pressure and stress on your heart […] Medicines to lower your blood pressure

• #14 Aortic valve regurgitation | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/aortic-valve-regurgitation

  If you have any type of heart disease, get regular health checkups. […] If you have a parent, child or sibling with a bicuspid aortic valve, you should have an imaging test called an echocardiogram. This can check for aortic valve regurgitation. Early diagnosis of heart valve disease, such as aortic valve regurgitation, is important. Doing so may make the condition easier to treat. […] Also, take steps to prevent conditions that can raise the risk of aortic valve regurgitation. For example: […] Get a health checkup if you have a severe sore throat. Untreated strep throat can lead to rheumatic fever. Strep throat is treated with medicines that fight bacteria, called antibiotics. […] Check your blood pressure regularly. Have your blood pressure checked at least every two years starting at age 18. Some people need more-frequent checks.

• #15 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/article/aortic-regurgitation-742005

  There are several ways that you can lower your risk for aortic regurgitation. […] Treat strep throat promptly. Call or e-mail us if you think you may have strep throat symptoms, such as a red and painful throat, fever, or white spots on your tonsils. Also, please follow our directions and take all of your antibiotics if we prescribe them. […] Practice good dental hygiene. Brush and floss your teeth every day and have your teeth cleaned at the dentist’s office regularly. The more you prevent bacteria from building up on your teeth and gums, the safer you will be from infection to your heart valves. […] Use antibiotics. Before certain dental procedures or surgeries, antibiotics may be recommended to you if you are at risk for endocarditis and have: […] Control your cholesterol and risks for heart disease: […] If you use tobacco, quit. […] Exercise regularly. […] Take medicines to lower your cholesterol if necessary. […] Eat a heart-healthy, low-fat diet. […] Control your blood pressure. […] Maintain your ideal weight if possible. […] Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

• #16 Treatment for Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://healthlibrary.umcno.org/RelatedItems/3,90484

  To reduce the risk for other problems, you may be given medicines such as: […] There are some things that you can do to help prevent aortic valve regurgitation. They include: […] Managing high blood pressure with lifestyle changes and medicine. […] Taking antibiotics as directed by your health care provider. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.

• #17 Treatment for Aortic Valve Regurgitation

  https://childrenslibrary.ouhealth.com/Library/HealthSheets/3,S,90484

  There are some things that you can do to help prevent aortic valve regurgitation. They include: […] Managing high blood pressure with lifestyle changes and medicine. […] Taking antibiotics as directed by your health care provider. Do not stop taking them just because you feel better. You need to take the full course of antibiotics.

• #18 About Heart Valve Disease | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-valve-disease.html

  People may help to reduce their risk for heart valve disease by: […] Making heart-healthy choices by: […] Choosing heart-healthy foods, such as fresh fruits and vegetables. […] Following CDC physical activity guidelines for heart health. […] Managing stress. […] Getting to know your heart health by: […] Getting annual physical checkups, including having a health care professional listen to your heart with a stethoscope. […] Letting your health care team know if you have noticed changes in your heartbeat. […] Taking care of your overall health by: […] Having a good daily oral hygiene routine and getting regular dental checkups to reduce risk of heart infection. […] Getting treatment for respiratory infections such as strep throat. […] Taking antibiotics as instructed to prevent infection (such as when they are prescribed before surgery or dental procedures).

• #19 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  In patients with Stage A and Stage B aortic regurgitation, no specific treatment is required. These patients should be monitored yearly to assess disease progression. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended to prevent bacterial endocarditis. […] Surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR), not repair, is the definitive treatment for aortic regurgitation. The 2020 ACC/AHA Guidelines provide the following recommendations for AVR in patients with aortic regurgitation: […] AVR is indicated (class 1 recommendation) for all patients with Stage D aortic regurgitation, all patients with Stage C2 aortic regurgitation (LVEF 55% of less), and for patients with Stage C aortic regurgitation who are undergoing surgery for another cardiac condition. […] The ideal time for AVR is late enough in the course of the disease to justify the risk-benefit ratio of surgery, yet early enough to prevent potential irreversible myocardial damage from occurring.

• #20 Valvular Heart Disease: Review and Update | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2001/0601/p2201.html

  Patients with aortic stenosis are at moderate risk for development of endocarditis and should receive endocarditis prophylaxis before selected procedures. […] All patients with aortic regurgitation should receive appropriate endocarditis prophylaxis for selected procedures.

• #21 Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17639-what-you-need-to-know-heart-valve-disease

  Tell your medical and dental providers that you have valve disease […] Call your provider if you have symptoms of an infection […] Take good care of your teeth and gums […] Ask your cardiologist if you should take antibiotics before any dental procedures, major or minor surgeries or invasive tests.

• #22 Aortic Regurgitation – Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/heart-valve-disorders/aortic-regurgitation

  The damaged heart valve must be monitored periodically so that it can be replaced or repaired surgically once the leakage becomes significant and the heart starts to fail. […] Treatment with medication is not especially effective in slowing the progression of heart failure and does not eliminate the need for timely valve repair or replacement. […] People who have had a valve replacement are given antibiotics before surgical, dental, or medical procedures to reduce the risk of infection of the heart valve.

• #23 Aortic Regurgitation | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/conditions-and-treatments/aortic-regurgitation

  People without symptoms or with mild symptoms from aortic regurgitation should have regular check-ins with their cardiologist to monitor for changes in their condition. […] Aortic valve repair or replacement for chronic severe aortic regurgitation is typically used for: […] People with aortic regurgitation should have detailed counseling about physical activity. Exercises to AVOID include: […] These should be specifically prohibited because of the increase in peripheral vascular resistance that occurs with arm exercise. […] In contrast, rhythmic, low-resistance, large muscle group exercise such as bicycling are encouraged.

• #24 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation/treatment

  In patients with Stage A and Stage B aortic regurgitation, no specific treatment is required. These patients should be monitored yearly to assess disease progression. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended to prevent bacterial endocarditis. […] The ideal time for AVR is late enough in the course of the disease to justify the risk-benefit ratio of surgery, yet early enough to prevent potential irreversible myocardial damage from occurring. […] The ACC/AHA Guidelines recommend that patients with asymptomatic (Stage B and Stage C) chronic aortic regurgitation receive vasodilators to treat hypertension. […] In patients with severe AR who are symptomatic and/or show left ventricular systolic dysfunction (Stages C2 and D) but are not candidates for surgery, the ACC/AHA Guidelines recommend treatment for LV dysfunction with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and/or sacubitril/valsartan.

• #25 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation

  The ACC/AHA Guidelines recommend that patients with asymptomatic (Stage B and Stage C) chronic aortic regurgitation receive vasodilators to treat hypertension. […] Although much more rare than chronic aortic regurgitation, acute aortic regurgitation carries a very high mortality if prompt surgical intervention in the form of AVR is not undertaken. […] Treatment of pulmonary edema and afterload reduction can help relieve symptoms, buying the patient some time before surgery is performed.

• #26 Aortic Regurgitation

  https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/cardiology-review/topic-reviews/aortic-regurgitation/treatment

  Treatment of pulmonary edema and afterload reduction can help relieve symptoms, buying the patient some time before surgery is performed. Nitroprusside is the treatment of choice, as it reduces both preload and afterload with great efficacy. […] If the acute aortic regurgitation is due to infective endocarditis, current guidelines suggest at least 5 to 7 days of IV antibiotics antibiotic treatment before valve replacement, if possible.

• #27 Aortic Regurgitation – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/aortic-regurgitation.html

  What can I do to prevent aortic regurgitation? […] Manage other health conditions. High blood pressure and high cholesterol levels increase your risk for aortic regurgitation. Ask your healthcare provider for more information on managing these conditions. […] Get treatment for strep throat. If strep throat is not treated, it can cause rheumatic fever. […] Talk to your healthcare provider before you take any new medicine. Some medicines can cause aortic regurgitation.

• #28 Treatment and prevention of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation | EuroIntervention

  https://eurointervention.pcronline.com/article/treatment-and-prevention-of-aortic-regurgitation-after-transcatheter-aortic-valve-implantation

  Significant aortic regurgitation (AR) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been shown to be associated with worse mid-term outcome. […] Thus, prevention and treatment of significant AR after TAVI is of great importance. […] Thus, prevention, evaluation and treatment of AR after TAVI seem to be of great importance, even for mild AR. […] The best treatment for AR is prevention, by optimal and meticulous valve assessment and annulus sizing, valve positioning and deployment. […] In cases of significant AR, the underlying mechanism should be clearly identified by echocardiography. […] When AR is paravalvular and due to valve undersizing, post-dilatation has been shown to be effective in many cases. […] When the mismatch is too high or the valve is too high or too low, implementation of a valve-in-valve technique is probably the best option in these high-risk patients.

• #29 New minimally invasive treatment option for aortic regurgitation | MUSC Health | Charleston SC

  https://muschealth.org/health-professionals/progressnotes/2022/summer/aortic-regurgitation-treatment

  Patients in South Carolina with severe aortic regurgitation previously had only one treatment option: open heart surgery. […] With the device, physicians can place a healthy valve inside the leaky one by clipping it onto the natural valves original leaflets without using any sutures. […] This new device makes TAVR possible for a greater number of patients. […] Amoroso says the results have been promising. […] I think the procedure offers a treatment opportunity for a whole group of patients whom weve only been able to treat with open heart surgery in the past, he said. This valve offers an alternative for treating patients with aortic regurgitation with a minimally invasive technique that allows patients to recover more quickly.

• #30 Heart valve regurgitation: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/regurgitation-heart

  Aortic valve regurgitation is the name for blood that leaks through the aortic valve when the left ventricle contracts. […] The CDC provides some recommendations that can help reduce the risk of developing heart problems, including: limiting alcohol consumption, if applicable, as this can raise blood pressure; eating foods with a high fiber content; exercising regularly; following a doctors instructions when taking medications; monitoring blood pressure. […] A 2021 article notes that acute aortic valve regurgitation can have a poor outlook. This is because people with acute aortic valve regurgitation typically have other conditions as well, such as infective endocarditis. Chronic aortic valve regurgitation has a more positive outlook over many years. However, this outlook reduces once symptoms develop.

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