Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21736-cardiac-arrest

  Cardiac arrest happens because of an electrical issue that makes your heart stop beating. When your heart stops pumping blood, you become unconscious. Cardiac arrest can be fatal in minutes. This is why bystanders should call for help and start CPR immediately. A persons chances of survival are best when they get help right away. […] This life-threatening condition can become fatal if you dont get immediate treatment. […] Emergency treatment includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. CPR keeps enough oxygen in your lungs and gets it to your brain until an electric shock restores a normal heart rhythm. CPR and defibrillators may save your life. […] Call 911 (or your local emergency services number) if you see someone drop to the ground and you suspect sudden cardiac arrest. The faster someone gets help, the better their chances of survival with good health outcomes.

• #1

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/sudden-cardiac-arrest

  A sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) occurs when there is an abrupt loss of heart function and can be due to a variety of heart conditions. The most common cause of SCA is a sudden onset of abnormal heart rhythm. This is usually due to a fast but chaotic heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF) or tachycardia (VT). […] When a patient suffers from VF (a form of cardiac arrest), the heart beats 400 to 500 beats per minute, causing the normal rhythmic contractions of the lower chambers of the heart to stop. When the heart contraction stops, blood and oxygen are not pumped to the rest of the body and within seconds, the brain becomes starved of oxygen and the person loses consciousness. Without immediate treatment, the brain will cease to function and the person will die within minutes. […] Sudden cardiac arrest often occurs without warning symptoms. A person with sudden cardiac arrest might lose consciousness, collapse suddenly and become pulseless.

• #1 CPR Facts and Stats | American Heart Association CPR & First Aid

  https://cpr.heart.org/en/resources/cpr-facts-and-stats

  CPR – or Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Immediate CPR can double or triple chances of survival after cardiac arrest. […] More than 350,000 cardiac arrests occur outside of the hospital each year. […] If performed immediately, CPR can double or triple the chance of survival from an out of hospital cardiac arrest. […] Help is needed immediately. Unfortunately, only about 40% of people who experience an OHCA get the immediate help that they need before professional help arrives. […] The AHA is a worldwide leader in first aid, CPR, and AED training – educating more than 22 million people globally in CPR each year. […] There are about 10,000 cardiac arrests in the workplace each year in the United States, according to a report from the US Occupational Safety & Health Administration. […] With 10,000 cardiac arrests annually in the workplace, knowing this small piece of information has the potential to save thousands of lives. […] Take a course to learn the lifesaving skills of CPR, first aid, how to use an AED, and more.

• #1 Treatment of Cardiac Arrest | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/emergency-treatment-of-cardiac-arrest

  Cardiac arrest can strike without warning. Do you suspect someone is experiencing cardiac arrest? The signs are: Sudden loss of responsiveness – The person doesn’t respond, even if you tap them hard on the shoulders or ask loudly if they’re OK. The person doesn’t move, speak, blink or otherwise react. No normal breathing – The person isn’t breathing or is only gasping for air. […] If you think the person may be suffering cardiac arrest and you’re a trained lay rescuer: Ensure scene safety. Check for response. Shout for help. Tell someone nearby to call 911 or your emergency response number. Ask that person or another bystander to bring you an AED (automated external defibrillator), if there’s one on hand. Tell them to hurry – time is critical. If you’re alone with an adult who has signs of cardiac arrest, call 911 and get an AED (if one is available). Check for no breathing or only gasping. If the person isn’t breathing or is only gasping, begin CPR with compressions. Administer high-quality CPR. Push down at least two inches in the center of the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 pushes a minute. Allow the chest to come back up to its normal position after each push. Use an AED. As soon as it arrives, turn it on and follow the prompts. Continue CPR. Administer it until the person starts to breathe or move, or until someone with more advanced training, such as an EMS team member, takes over.

• #1 Sudden cardiac arrest: Symptoms, treatment and prevention – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/health-medicine/sudden-cardiac-arrest-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating. […] SCA can occur in anyone at any age. […] Experts at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Sports and Exercise Medicine say that, by learning the symptoms of SCA and how to respond, one could save a life in an emergent situation. […] The typical signs of a cardiac arrest include abrupt loss of consciousness with eyes rolled back, seizure-like activity due to lack of oxygen flow to the brain, and irregular, labored or no breathing. […] Additionally, someone suffering from SCA may have a very weak pulse or no palpable pulse at all. […] Other symptoms that may precede SCA include chest discomfort, shortness of breath, weakness, and heart palpitations such as a fast-beating, fluttering or pounding heart. […] However, SCA will occur without any warning, which is why experts say it is important to know how to respond when someone is experiencing SCA.

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Symptoms & Treatment – ZOLL Medical

  https://www.zoll.com/Other-Resources-and-Links/sudden-cardiac-arrest

  Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is an electrical disturbance in the heart that prevents it from beating properly. […] Sudden cardiac arrest must be treated immediately. Treatment involves restoring the heart to its normal beating pattern and must begin with high-quality CPR. Rapid defibrillation is also crucial. […] With quick action, bystanders can help avert tragedy by performing high-quality CPR. […] While CPR keeps oxygenated blood flowing to vital organs, only defibrillation can correct certain types of cardiac rhythms. […] The Chain of Survival is a series of steps (or „links”) that can help more people survive sudden cardiac arrest. […] According to the American Heart Association, sudden cardiac arrest claims the lives of over 430,000 people a year in the U.S., with over 350,000 of these occurring outside the hospital. […] Medical attention must be administered as soon as possible after the victim collapses; the chances for survival decrease 7 to 10% with every minute without intervention.

• #1 Cardiac Arrest – Boss RN

  https://bossrn.com/cardiac-arrest/

  Cardiac arrest is a sudden stop in the function of the heart. This could mean the heart has completely stopped beating, or that its activity is not significant enough to maintain complete contractions or sustain life. Of course, cardiac arrest is an emergency. I’ll go as far to say that is one of the main big emergency medical situations. […] Nursing interventions, in regards to Cardiac Arrest, will include a nursing physical assessment, repetitive and frequent monitoring of vital signs (particularly before an arrest), activation of your facility emergency response system, and begin to use and follow the ACLS Algorithms. […] Start CPR immediately after assessing that your patient is unresponsive and there is no heartbeat or respirations. […] Treatment of Cardiac Arrest focuses on 2 things, the first is the restarting of the heart and the second identifying and treating the source of the dysthymia or other issues that caused the arrest. […] CPR is the principal treatment for cardiac arrest. […] Patients experiencing cardiac arrest that achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), will need to be admitted into an intensive care unit (ICU).

• #1 Sudden cardiac arrest – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/symptoms-causes/syc-20350634

  Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the sudden loss of all heart activity due to an irregular heart rhythm. Breathing stops. The person becomes unconscious. Without immediate treatment, sudden cardiac arrest can lead to death. […] Emergency treatment for sudden cardiac arrest includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and shocks to the heart with a device called an automated external defibrillator (AED). Survival is possible with fast, appropriate medical care. […] If you see someone who’s unconscious and not breathing, call 911 or local emergency services. Then start CPR. The American Heart Association recommends doing CPR with hard and fast chest compressions. Use an automated external defibrillator, called an AED, if one is available. […] Do CPR if the person isn’t breathing. Push hard and fast on the person’s chest about 100 to 120 pushes a minute. The pushes are called compressions. If you’ve been trained in CPR, check the person’s airway. Then deliver rescue breaths after every 30 compressions.

• #1 Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation/

  Minimizing the interruption and delays to the initiation of high-quality CPR and early defibrillation of shockable rhythms are the most important factors for survival and reducing long-term complications after cardiac arrest. […] The post-ROSC phase of cardiac arrest focuses on optimizing hemodynamic support, identifying and treating the underlying cause of arrest, and minimizing secondary brain injury through neuroprotective measures. […] The initial approach to cardiac arrest is influenced by the rescuers (e.g., number of rescuers, training received), patient factors (e.g., age, pregnancy), and location (i.e., in-hospital vs. out-of-hospital). […] Effective teamwork is essential to the success of resuscitative efforts. […] Continuous compression-only CPR is a reasonable alternative to mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing if the provider is uncomfortable administering rescue breaths or there is concern for infectious disease transmission.

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21736-cardiac-arrest

  You can treat and reverse sudden cardiac arrest. But cardiac arrest treatment has to start immediately, wherever you are. Survival can be as high as 90% if treatment starts within the first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest. The rate drops by about 10% each minute longer. […] If you see someone experiencing sudden cardiac arrest, do this: Call 911 immediately. Start CPR, even if its just the hands-only version. CPR can save a life by using chest compressions to replace the hearts pumping action. It keeps blood and oxygen circulating until help arrives. Use an AED (automated external defibrillator) if theres one available. CPR plus defibrillation rescues a person from sudden cardiac arrest. Using an AED is the best chance of helping a person survive. The shorter the time until defibrillation, the greater the chance of survival.

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest | Causes, Signs & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/s/sudden-cardiac-arrest

  Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is when the heart suddenly fails to pump blood. If the person does not survive, the term sudden cardiac death (SCD) is used. The person may or may not have a known diagnosis of heart disease. […] Quick care during a sudden cardiac arrest will greatly increase the chance of survival. The first step in treatment is to get medical help. Call 911 immediately. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and an AED (automated external defibrillator) can increase the chance of survival by 75%. […] CPR provides a flow of blood and oxygen to the brain and vital organs during a sudden cardiac arrest. Classes to learn CPR are available at Cincinnati Childrens (513-636-1096) and in most communities. […] An AED can bring back a normal heartbeat during a sudden cardiac arrest. AEDs can be found in public places such as schools, shopping malls, businesses, airports, hotels and sports venues. AEDs are easy to use and provide audio step-by-step instructions.

• #1 New Innovations to Address Sudden Cardiac Arrest | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/new-innovations-address-sudden-cardiac-arrest?language_content_entity=en

  In the chain of survival, bystander initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases the 30-day survival rate to 10%. The effect is magnified when defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED) is performed early by lay first responders. In fact, defibrillation by lay first responders was found to have the highest impact on survival (median 53%) when compared with professional emergency first responders (28.6%). […] Improving outcomes requires a combination of technological advancements and public health objects to propel the future of diagnosing and treating SCA. […] The lack of AED use during the moments after a persons cardiac arrest is associated with limitations in AED devices themselves, as well as public health efforts. […] The use of AEDs relies on the bystander to look for and find a nearby device.

• #1 Cardiac Arrest – Critical Care Medicine – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest

  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an organized, sequential response to cardiac arrest; rapid initiation of uninterrupted chest compressions („push hard and push fast”) and early defibrillation of patients who are in VF or VT (more commonly adults) are the keys to success in achieving return of spontaneous circulation. […] The 2020 AHA guidelines for treatment of cardiac arrest also advise rapid administration of a first dose of epinephrine for patients who have nonshockable rhythms. […] After immediate initiation of high-quality and uninterrupted chest compressions, defibrillation, and initial epinephrine, primary causes (eg, hypoxia, hypovolemia, toxins, tamponade) must be promptly treated. […] For non-shockable rhythms, early administration of epinephrine has been associated with improved neurologically intact survival. […] After return of pulses, postresuscitative care focuses on determination and treatment of cause, stabilization and prevention of rearrest, and optimization of neurologic outcome.

• #1 Cardiac arrest – for nursing students | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cardiac-arrest-for-nursing-students/250026695

  Ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia should be treated with immediate defibrillation. […] Defibrillation is usually administered using a 150-joule biphasic shock CPR resumed immediately for 2 minutes without attempting to confirm restoration of a pulse because restoration of mechanical cardiac output rarely occurs immediately after successful defibrillation. […] During resuscitation, adrenaline (epinephrine, 1 mg IV) should be given every 35 minutes and consideration given to the use of intravenous amiodarone, especially if ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia re-initiates after successful defibrillation. […] Asystole should be treated similarly, with the additional support of atropine and sometimes external or transvenous pacing in an attempt to generate an electrical rhythm. […] Epinephrine is the first line cardiac arrest drug, given after every 3 minutes of CPR.

• #1 Cardiac Arrest – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534866/

  As defined by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, „(sudden) cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of cardiac activity so that the victim becomes unresponsive, with no normal breathing and no signs of circulation. If corrective measures are not taken rapidly, this condition progresses to sudden death. Cardiac arrest should be used to signify an event as described above, which is reversed, usually by CPR and/or defibrillation or cardioversion, or cardiac pacing. Sudden cardiac death should not be used to describe events that are not fatal.” This activity describes the evaluation and management of cardiac arrest and reviews the role of the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients with this condition. […] Treatment for those who are certified to practice basic life support (BLS) includes treatment as above, with the addition of ventilation during active CPR. Current guidelines recommend 2 breaths for every 30 compressions (30:2). Providers can also manipulate the airway to aid in airway patency, thus, allowing for proper ventilation. These maneuvers include the head-tilt, chin-lift, and the jaw thrust. Oral airway adjuncts including the oral pharyngeal airway (OPA) and the nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) should also be utilized to benefit ventilation.

• #1 Asystole | Diagnosis & Disease Information – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/asystole/

  Cardiac arrest that results from the total failure of the cardiac electrical system is called asystole or flat-lining. Asystole is a medical emergency that requires immediate recognition and intervention. This article will review the causes of asystole and the methods for diagnosing and treating patients with this condition. […] Any condition that causes sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or severe disruption of the cardiac electrical system can lead to asystole. Patients with SCA caused by any of the following are treatable: Cardiac tamponade; Coronary or pulmonary thrombosis; Hypovolemia secondary to hemorrhage, dehydration, or infection; Hypoxemia/hypoxia; Hypokalemia; Hyperkalemia (the most common electrolyte disorder associated with cardiac arrest); Hypothermia; Tension pneumothorax; and Toxins.

• #1 Asystole | Diagnosis & Disease Information – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/asystole/

  For patients with no pulse and no regular breathing, CPR should be initiated, the emergency response system activated, and an automated external defibrillator (AED) obtained immediately. Asystole can be diagnosed by a flatline without measurable heartbeats on AED rhythm analysis and/or with a 12-lead electrocardiogram. […] In a hospital setting and once asystole is diagnosed, CPR continues, and patients are treated with epinephrine. Immediately and every 3 to 5 minutes, 1 mg of epinephrine should be administered intravenously. Importantly, asystole does not respond to defibrillation due to cardiac muscle cell unresponsiveness, and so it is considered nonshockable. […] Continuation of active management after ROSC improves outcomes for survivors of asystole. ACLS guidelines recommend the following actions after ROSC is achieved and verified: Airway management, including endotracheal tube insertion and provision of 10 breaths per minute; Oxygen titration to maintain partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) between 35 mmHg and 40 mmHg; Maintenance IV therapy; Blood pressure maintenance with systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg and/or mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mmHg; Evaluation for myocardial infarction with a 12-lead electrocardiogram; and Determination of consciousness.

• #1 Treatment of Cardiac Arrest | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/emergency-treatment-of-cardiac-arrest

  Your health care team will closely monitor your heart. They also will focus on preventing organ damage, especially to your brain. You may receive one or more of the following treatments: Targeted temperature management (TTM) is a treatment designed to lower the body temperature to help protect the brain. Cooling blankets, cooling helmets, ice packs or other cooling methods may be used. Oxygen therapy helps you get enough oxygen so your organs continue to work as you are recovering. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment pumps your blood through an artificial lung. It adds oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from your blood before returning it to your body. The ECMO takes the stress off of your lungs and heart to promote healing. […] If you are diagnosed with coronary heart disease, treatment may include: Medication, Coronary angioplasty and stenting, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). These treatments help restore blood flow through narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.

• #1 Cardiac arrest – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_arrest

  Targeted temperature management may improve outcomes. […] In post-resuscitation care, an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be considered to reduce the chance of death from recurrence. […] Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential to surviving cardiac arrest with good neurological function. […] It is recommended that it be started as soon as possible with minimal interruptions once begun. […] The components of CPR that make the greatest difference in survival are chest compressions and defibrillating shockable rhythms. […] Correctly performed bystander CPR has been shown to increase survival. […] If high-quality CPR has not resulted in return of spontaneous circulation and the person’s heart rhythm is in asystole, stopping CPR and pronouncing the person’s death is generally reasonable after 20 minutes.

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21736-cardiac-arrest

  After successful defibrillation, most people need hospital care to recover from the effects of their sudden cardiac arrest and to treat and prevent future heart problems. […] To prevent future episodes of sudden cardiac arrest, your healthcare provider will want to do tests to figure out what caused your cardiac event. […] You can help prevent cardiac arrest by working on your risk factors for it. That means managing conditions that put you at risk (like high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes) and living a healthy lifestyle. […] Surviving sudden cardiac arrest is the start of a long recovery for many. Depending on how long your brain was without oxygen, youll likely have brain damage. […] If a rehabilitation program is available, you can use it to regain your abilities. It can take months to relearn once-simple activities like walking and getting dressed. Many people return to their daily lives, but some need ongoing help. […] Recovery from cardiac arrest takes time and includes therapies to help maximize your abilities. Many survivors need ongoing heart care to prevent another episode of sudden cardiac arrest.

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest vs Heart Attack | Cardiology | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/cardiology/support/diagnosis/heart-attack-vs-sudden-cardiac-arrest

  Fear You may be worried that a sudden cardiac arrest could happen again. However, the best response to this fear is managing your health and following the advice of your medical team. […] Depression or anxiety Struggles with depression or anxiety following a sudden cardiac arrest are normal and can be managed. Speaking with your family, survivor groups, a counselor, or even your rescuer have proven to be an incredibly effective response. […] Following a sudden cardiac arrest, your medical team will likely advise a reduction in physical or strenuous activity. While such restrictions are usually temporary, it is important to remember that they are necessary and allow your body an opportunity to recover from an incredibly arduous event. Some survivors even experience short-term memory loss that typically lasts from one to six weeks. If memory loss lasts longer, be sure to speak with your medical team.

• #1 Cardiac Arrest (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568720/

  Learning Outcome: […] Summarize the role of the nurse in a cardiac arrest event. […] A patient in cardiac arrest is treated in multiple different stages. The interventions that have proven to reverse cardiac arrest include early CPR and early defibrillation. […] Nursing Management: […] Check vitals […] Place ECG leads […] Have the resuscitation cart at the bedside […] Insert IV cannula […] Document […] Check pulses […] Apply defibrillator pads […] Obtain blood for analysis […] Insert foley […] Keep patient warm. […] Coordination of Care: The majority of patients who have a cardiac arrest have underlying coronary artery disease. […] Despite the many treatments available for cardiac arrest, the majority of patients have a poor prognosis. However, many lives can still be saved with the basic, the most important interventions, including defibrillation and bystander CPR.

• #1 8 Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/myocardial-infarction-heart-attack-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, it is essential to formulate a nursing diagnosis that specifically addresses the problems associated with myocardial infarction (heart attack). […] The main goals for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include pain relief, prevention of myocardial damage, respiratory function maintenance, adequate tissue perfusion, anxiety reduction, adherence to self-care, and early recognition of complications. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with myocardial infarction may include: Initiating Pain Relief and Ischemia Improving Respiratory Function, Monitor Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, Administering Medication and Pharmacologic Support, Improving Cardiac Output Monitoring Potential Complications, Improving Tissue Perfusion Initiating Cardiac Rehabilitation, Reducing Anxiety and Fear, Improving Tolerance to Activity, Initiating Health Education Teaching.

• #1 8 Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/myocardial-infarction-heart-attack-nursing-care-plans/

  The classic symptom a client experience during a cardiac event is pain. […] Monitor and document characteristics of pain, noting verbal reports, and nonverbal cues (moaning, crying, grimacing, restlessness, diaphoresis, and clutching of the chest). […] Obtain a full description of pain from the client including location, intensity (using a scale of 0-10), duration, characteristics (dull, crushing, described as like an elephant in my chest), and radiation. […] Administer medications for pain relief as indicated. […] Administering Medication and Pharmacologic Support: The patient with suspected MI should promptly receive supplemental oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin, and morphine to alleviate pain and anxiety. […] Administer beta-blockers as indicated. […] Administer anti-anxiety and hypnotics as indicated: alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and flurazepam (Dalmane). […] Sudden coronary occlusion, lethal dysrhythmias, an extension of infarct, and unrelenting pain are situations that may precipitate cardiac arrest, requiring immediate life-saving therapies and/or transfer to CCU.

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: How to Respond | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/articles/sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-to-respond?srsltid=AfmBOopCg_CUS6_r9o4uNifxVD0vSaHyux5nOFP-d_Lgev5uBUGz3Zr4

  Get trained in CPR today and be prepared when moments matter. […] Training Services is a division of the American Red Cross with the mission to spread knowledge and educate as many members of the national community in lifesaving procedures. Our services include training courses for CPR and AED, First Aid, BLS (Basic Life Support), babysitting, Caregiving, Lifeguarding Water Safety, and more.

• #1 Sudden Cardiac Arrest | Sudden Cardiac Death | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/suddencardiacarrest.html

  You may be able to lower your risk of SCA by following a heart-healthy lifestyle. If you have coronary artery disease or another heart disease, treating that disease can also lower your risk of SCA. If you have had an SCA, getting an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can lower your chance of having another SCA.

• #1 Treatment of Cardiac Arrest | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/emergency-treatment-of-cardiac-arrest

  Your health care team may recommend that you receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). This may happen during your hospital stay or shortly after. Or you may be asked to wear an external cardiac defibrillator. Either can save your life by providing a low-energy shock to your heart to restore a normal heart rhythm in the event of ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. […] It’s common for people to feel anxious or depressed, especially in the first months or year after they get their ICD. You need to know that you are not alone or without support. If you have these feelings, consult with your health care team and get help.

• #1

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/sudden-cardiac-arrest

  The only way to treat a SCA attack and to set the rapid heartbeat back to its normal pace is to deliver an electrical shock to the heart using a device called a defibrillator. For individuals who are identified as patients at a higher risk of suffering from a SCA attack, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a pocket-sized device which sends an electric current to the heart when the heart beat becomes abnormal, could be implanted in the body. […] In the event a person collapses from sudden cardiac arrest, the key to survival is early defibrillation. It has been found that each minute of delay before defibrillation reduces survival by about 10%. […] To help a person who has collapsed from sudden cardiac arrest, the following steps have proven to be vital especially since time is precious: Call 995 and stay on the line. Check if it is safe to approach the victim; watch for road hazards etc. Tell someone to get an Automated External Defibrillator (AED). If possible, carefully lay the person flat on a hard surface like the ground. Commence cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until help arrives.

• #1 Identifying symptoms and taking action; sudden cardiac arrest and heart attack | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/newsroom/staying-healthy/2023/10/identifying-symptoms-and-taking-action;-sudden-car

  Sudden cardiac arrest is more severe, resulting in death if emergency care is not provided quickly. […] Sudden cardiac arrest is often caused by coronary disease in men and women over 50, said Ken Bodine, MD, Non-Invasive Cardiologist and Medical Director for Cardiac Rehab. […] If you believe you are having a heart attack or emergent cardiac event, it’s important to call an ambulance or friend to drive you. […] Receiving CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) or BLS (basic life support) certification is also helpful. […] To prevent cardiac arrest, after a heart attack, you might have a procedure like a stent or surgery, and cardiac rehab is strongly recommended, said Dr. Bodine. […] A patients initial return to exercise should be with the cardiac rehab team. This helps to track the patients heart while it is healing and regaining strength.

• #1 Cardiac arrest – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/cardiac-arrest

  If you have some of these long-term problems, your doctor can help you get specialist support like speech and language therapists or an occupational therapist. […] Your doctor may suggest making lifestyle changes to reduce your risk of another cardiac arrest. This can include: eating a healthy diet, quitting smoking, cutting down on alcohol, taking medications and following treatments from your doctor, being physically active.

• #1 Cardiac arrest – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/cardiac-arrest

  A cardiac arrest is an emergency. If you’re with someone who’s having a cardiac arrest, call 999, start CPR and use a defibrillator if theres one nearby. Follow instructions from the 999 operator until emergency services take over. […] Starting immediate CPR is vital as it keeps blood and oxygen moving to the brain and around the body. A defibrillator will then deliver a controlled electric shock to try and get the heart beating normally again. […] After a cardiac arrest, youll be looked after in a coronary care or intensive care unit. This is where people who need special monitoring go so a close eye can be kept on them. You may be put in an induced coma and kept asleep to allow your body to recover. […] Doctors will want to work out what caused the cardiac arrest. They can then recommend medication and treatment, such as a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), to reduce the risk of it happening again.

• #1 New Innovations to Address Sudden Cardiac Arrest | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/new-innovations-address-sudden-cardiac-arrest?language_content_entity=en

  Mortality from sudden cardiac arrest remains high despite increased awareness and advancements in emergency resuscitation efforts. Various gaps exist in bystander resuscitation, automated external defibrillators, and access. Significant racial, gender, and geographic disparities have also been found. A myriad of recent innovations in sudden cardiac arrest uses new machine learning algorithms with high levels of performance. These have been applied to a broad range of efforts to identify individuals at high risk, recognize emergencies, and diagnose high-risk cardiac arrhythmias. Such technological advancements must be coupled to novel public health approaches to best implement these innovations in an equitable way. The authors propose a data-driven, technology-enabled system of care within a public health system of care to ultimately improve sudden cardiac arrest outcomes.

• #1 caret_down icon

  https://www.spectrumhealth.org/services/heart-lung-and-vascular-care/heart-care-and-procedures/care-areas/clinical-cardiology/sudden-cardiac-arrest

  Sudden cardiac arrest is fatal if not treated within minutes. […] Immediately call 911 and check for a pulse. […] If there is none and you are at a public location, look for a sign that displays „AED” and a heart symbol. […] This is a portable defibrillator that may save the person’s life. […] Anyone can operate these life-saving devices. […] Defibrillators shock the heart back into rhythm. […] For the fortunate few who survive a sudden cardiac arrest, the Spectrum Health heart specialists are experts in implantable defibrillators and other heart-saving technology. […] A defibrillator is implanted under the skin near the collarbone. […] It records the speed and rhythm of your heart, and produces small shocks to correct heartbeat irregularities. […] Medicines for heart disease are used to ease discomfort or lessen symptoms, but some can also be essential in preventing life-threatening episodes. […] It is important to take your medicines exactly as prescribed, and work with your doctor on both lifestyle and medicine changes. […] This wearable (as opposed to implanted) device combines the steady regulation of a pacemaker with the ability to shock the heart back into rhythm.

• #2 Sudden cardiac arrest – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/symptoms-causes/syc-20350634

  Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the sudden loss of all heart activity due to an irregular heart rhythm. Breathing stops. The person becomes unconscious. Without immediate treatment, sudden cardiac arrest can lead to death. […] Emergency treatment for sudden cardiac arrest includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and shocks to the heart with a device called an automated external defibrillator (AED). Survival is possible with fast, appropriate medical care. […] If you see someone who’s unconscious and not breathing, call 911 or local emergency services. Then start CPR. The American Heart Association recommends doing CPR with hard and fast chest compressions. Use an automated external defibrillator, called an AED, if one is available. […] Do CPR if the person isn’t breathing. Push hard and fast on the person’s chest about 100 to 120 pushes a minute. The pushes are called compressions. If you’ve been trained in CPR, check the person’s airway. Then deliver rescue breaths after every 30 compressions.

• #2 Watch for Cardiac Arrest Warning Signs

  https://www.virtua.org/articles/watch-for-cardiac-arrest-warning-signs

  Sudden cardiac arrest is responsible for half of heart disease deaths in the United States. […] Cardiac arrest occurs when the electrical impulses that control our heart rate and rhythm become rapid or chaotic, causing the heart to stop beating. […] The most common cause of cardiac arrest is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) called ventricular fibrillation. […] Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and external shocks from a defibrillator can help restart the heart and improve your odds of survival. […] Studies have found that half of people who have sudden cardiac arrest experience warning signs beforehand. […] Most cardiac arrests are caused by a preexisting heart condition, such as a previous heart attack, coronary artery disease, an enlarged heart (cardiomyopathy), heart valve disease, a heart defect present at birth, or an electrical problem like long QT syndrome. […] Cardiac arrest often doesn’t afford a second chance. Know your risks and watch for the early signs so you can get the help you need.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest

  http://www.cardiosmart.org/topics/sudden-cardiac-arrest

  Sudden cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. You should dial 911 and start CPR right away if you suspect SCA in someone. […] Giving CPR and using an AED within the first few minutes of SCA can greatly improve the chances of survival. […] Sudden cardiac arrest can happen in people without heart disease. About 80% of cases are due to existing coronary artery disease. However, in most cases SCA is the first sign of a heart problem. That is, those affected were unaware of their heart disease until they had sudden cardiac arrest. […] The likelihood of surviving is related to the speed of efforts to revive the heart. But half of sudden cardiac arrest victims wont have someone nearby to help. […] Only about 10% of people survive. The odds of surviving are much higher if someone witnesses the event, calls 911 at once, starts CPR and uses a device to shock and restart the heart.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21736-cardiac-arrest

  Cardiac arrest happens because of an electrical issue that makes your heart stop beating. When your heart stops pumping blood, you become unconscious. Cardiac arrest can be fatal in minutes. This is why bystanders should call for help and start CPR immediately. A persons chances of survival are best when they get help right away. […] This life-threatening condition can become fatal if you dont get immediate treatment. […] Emergency treatment includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation. CPR keeps enough oxygen in your lungs and gets it to your brain until an electric shock restores a normal heart rhythm. CPR and defibrillators may save your life. […] Call 911 (or your local emergency services number) if you see someone drop to the ground and you suspect sudden cardiac arrest. The faster someone gets help, the better their chances of survival with good health outcomes.

• #2 Sudden cardiac arrest: Symptoms, treatment and prevention – UAB News

  https://www.uab.edu/news/health-medicine/sudden-cardiac-arrest-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  If someone loses consciousness suddenly or has a first-time seizure, you should first assess the person, checking for a pulse and responsiveness. […] If no pulse is found, call 911, start CPR, and get the nearest automated external defibrillator, or AED, turn it on, and follow the prompts. […] The goal is to place an AED on the victim and defibrillate within three to five minutes. […] Cardiac arrest carries a very high mortality, and many people do not survive. […] However, with emergency action plans, appropriate equipment and the right training, we can improve the odds of survival. […] UAB experts say anyone can be proactive by knowing the signs of SCA, knowing how to do CPR, being aware of the location of AEDs, knowing how to use an AED and having an emergency action plan in place.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: How to Respond | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/articles/sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-to-respond?srsltid=AfmBOopCg_CUS6_r9o4uNifxVD0vSaHyux5nOFP-d_Lgev5uBUGz3Zr4

  People who have a history of cardiovascular disease or a congenital heart disorder are at higher risk for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). However, sudden cardiac arrest can happen in people who appear healthy and have no known heart disease or other risk factors for the condition. […] Sudden cardiac arrest signs to look for: Unconscious, No breathing or only gasping, Not moving. […] Every second counts in a cardiac arrest and its critical to know what to do. If you see somebody suddenly collapse, call or tell someone to call 911 and to get an AED. Then start CPR. If you dont know CPR, start hands-only CPR, pushing hard and fast on the center of the chest. […] The American Red Cross recommends that everyone learn CPR. Training takes only a few hours, and it can give you the confidence and skills to act in an emergency and help save a life. Since 70% of cardiac arrests occur outside the hospital, the life that you save could likely be one of a friend or a loved one.

• #2 Cardiac arrest – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_arrest

  Targeted temperature management may improve outcomes. […] In post-resuscitation care, an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be considered to reduce the chance of death from recurrence. […] Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential to surviving cardiac arrest with good neurological function. […] It is recommended that it be started as soon as possible with minimal interruptions once begun. […] The components of CPR that make the greatest difference in survival are chest compressions and defibrillating shockable rhythms. […] Correctly performed bystander CPR has been shown to increase survival. […] If high-quality CPR has not resulted in return of spontaneous circulation and the person’s heart rhythm is in asystole, stopping CPR and pronouncing the person’s death is generally reasonable after 20 minutes.

• #2 Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation/

  Cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of cardiac function and blood circulation, manifesting as apnea, pulselessness, and loss of consciousness. […] Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving procedure that artificially maintains circulation and ventilation until cardiac function is hopefully restored. Immediate initiation of high-quality chest compressions is the most important factor for survival after cardiac arrest. […] After the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), comprehensive postresuscitation care is essential for good neurological and functional outcomes. This involves neuroprotective measures, hemodynamic support, critical care admission, monitoring for organ dysfunction, and treatment of underlying causes and complications. […] The BLS algorithm allows appropriately trained individuals to recognize cardiac arrest, provide high-quality chest compressions, deliver ventilations, and utilize an AED.

• #2 Cardiac arrest – for nursing students | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cardiac-arrest-for-nursing-students/250026695

  The clinical diagnosis is based on the victim being unconscious and pulseless Breathing may take some time to stop completely after cardiac arrest. […] Patient delay is the biggest cause of not getting care fast. Do not wait more than a few minutes 5 at the most. […] The term basic life support (BLS) encompasses maneuvers that aim to maintain a low level of circulation until more definitive treatment with advanced life support can be given. […] We recommend stopping at around 20 minutes unless there is a clinical reason to continue for longer Transport to hospital with CPR enroute usually has no role. […] Advanced life support (ALS) aims to restore normal cardiac rhythm by defibrillation when the cause of cardiac arrest is a tachyarrhythmia. The initial priority is to assess the patient’s cardiac rhythm by attaching a defibrillator or monitor.

• #2 Cardiac arrest – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_arrest

  If cardiac arrest occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy, the uterus should be pulled or pushed to the left during CPR. […] If a pulse has not returned by four minutes, an emergency Cesarean section is recommended. […] Defibrillation is indicated if a shockable rhythm is present; the two shockable rhythms are ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. […] Ventricular fibrillation involves the ventricles of the heart rapidly contracting in a disorganized pattern, and thereby limiting blood flow from the heart. […] A defibrillator either implanted or external delivers an electrical current that results in the entire myocardium simultaneously depolarized thereby stopping the arrhythmia. […] There is increasing use of public access to defibrillators. […] This allows defibrillation to occur prior to the arrival of emergency services, which has been shown to increase the chances of survival.

• #2 Cardiac Arrest – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534866/

  A patient in cardiac arrest is treated in multiple different stages. The interventions that have proven to reverse cardiac arrest include early CPR and early defibrillation. The initial step involves identification and basic life-support measures. If public access defibrillation is available, it should be activated and utilized if needed. Next, advanced life support measures are used, including intravenous or intraosseous medication administration. If return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is obtained, the patient will undergo post-resuscitation care with subsequent long-term management. […] If ROSC is obtained, the determination to provide targeted temperature management will be made. Candidates for targeted temperature management include those who have a medical etiology, are unresponsive and are stable. Targeted temperature management has shown to improve mortality and neurological outcomes in patients who have survived a medical cardiac arrest.

• #2 Cardiac Arrest – Critical Care Medicine – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/critical-care-medicine/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-cpr/cardiac-arrest

  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an organized, sequential response to cardiac arrest; rapid initiation of uninterrupted chest compressions („push hard and push fast”) and early defibrillation of patients who are in VF or VT (more commonly adults) are the keys to success in achieving return of spontaneous circulation. […] The 2020 AHA guidelines for treatment of cardiac arrest also advise rapid administration of a first dose of epinephrine for patients who have nonshockable rhythms. […] After immediate initiation of high-quality and uninterrupted chest compressions, defibrillation, and initial epinephrine, primary causes (eg, hypoxia, hypovolemia, toxins, tamponade) must be promptly treated. […] For non-shockable rhythms, early administration of epinephrine has been associated with improved neurologically intact survival. […] After return of pulses, postresuscitative care focuses on determination and treatment of cause, stabilization and prevention of rearrest, and optimization of neurologic outcome.

• #2 Asystole | Diagnosis & Disease Information – The Cardiology Advisor

  https://www.thecardiologyadvisor.com/ddi/asystole/

  For patients with no pulse and no regular breathing, CPR should be initiated, the emergency response system activated, and an automated external defibrillator (AED) obtained immediately. Asystole can be diagnosed by a flatline without measurable heartbeats on AED rhythm analysis and/or with a 12-lead electrocardiogram. […] In a hospital setting and once asystole is diagnosed, CPR continues, and patients are treated with epinephrine. Immediately and every 3 to 5 minutes, 1 mg of epinephrine should be administered intravenously. Importantly, asystole does not respond to defibrillation due to cardiac muscle cell unresponsiveness, and so it is considered nonshockable. […] Continuation of active management after ROSC improves outcomes for survivors of asystole. ACLS guidelines recommend the following actions after ROSC is achieved and verified: Airway management, including endotracheal tube insertion and provision of 10 breaths per minute; Oxygen titration to maintain partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) between 35 mmHg and 40 mmHg; Maintenance IV therapy; Blood pressure maintenance with systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg and/or mean arterial pressure greater than 65 mmHg; Evaluation for myocardial infarction with a 12-lead electrocardiogram; and Determination of consciousness.

• #2 Treatment of Cardiac Arrest | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiac-arrest/emergency-treatment-of-cardiac-arrest

  Your health care team will closely monitor your heart. They also will focus on preventing organ damage, especially to your brain. You may receive one or more of the following treatments: Targeted temperature management (TTM) is a treatment designed to lower the body temperature to help protect the brain. Cooling blankets, cooling helmets, ice packs or other cooling methods may be used. Oxygen therapy helps you get enough oxygen so your organs continue to work as you are recovering. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment pumps your blood through an artificial lung. It adds oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from your blood before returning it to your body. The ECMO takes the stress off of your lungs and heart to promote healing. […] If you are diagnosed with coronary heart disease, treatment may include: Medication, Coronary angioplasty and stenting, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). These treatments help restore blood flow through narrowed or blocked coronary arteries.

• #2 Initial assessment and management of the adult post-cardiac arrest patient – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-assessment-and-management-of-the-adult-post-cardiac-arrest-patient

  Initial assessment and management of the adult post-cardiac arrest patient […] Important interventions in the initial management of the post-cardiac arrest adult patient are reviewed here. Basic and advanced life support for adult victims of cardiac arrest, intensive care management, and secondary prevention for survivors of cardiac arrest are discussed separately. […] Management of the post-cardiac arrest patient is complex and must address multiple major problems simultaneously. Issues to be addressed include: Initial cardiopulmonary stabilization and prevention of rearrest […] Identification and treatment of reversible causes of cardiac arrest.

• #2 Cardiac Arrest

  https://www.marshfieldclinic.org/specialties/heart-care/cardiac-arrest

  Therapeutic Hypothermia TreatmentA medical treatment that lowers a patient’s body temperature in order to help reduce the risk of the ischemic injury [restriction or thinning] to tissue following a period of insufficient blood flow. Therapeutic hypothermia may be induced by invasive means using a catheter placed in the femoral vein, or by non-invasive means. This usually involves a chilled water blanket or torso vest and leg wraps in direct contact with the patient’s skin. Studies have shown that patients at risk for ischemic brain injuries have better outcomes if treated with a hypothermia protocol.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest vs Heart Attack | Cardiology | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/cardiology/support/diagnosis/heart-attack-vs-sudden-cardiac-arrest

  Surviving a sudden cardiac arrest is the first step in your journey towards recovery. Although many survivors experience physical, mental and emotional changes after the event, none are permanent obstacles that cannot be overcome. […] Lifestyle changes after a sudden cardiac arrest could include: Diet Following a healthier diet is highly encouraged and certain dietary restrictions, including sodium and fatty foods, may be necessary. […] Medical devices Many sudden cardiac arrest survivors receive an implanted defibrillator (ICD) after the event. Ensure that you and your family are aware of and understand the device and its functions. […] Medications Discuss an individualized medication regimen with your medical team to determine what strategy is most effective for your health. […] Coping Surviving a sudden cardiac arrest can be life-changing and, as such, there can be several challenges that follow this significant event:

• #2 Cardiac Arrest – Boss RN

  https://bossrn.com/cardiac-arrest/

  Cardiac arrest is a sudden stop in the function of the heart. This could mean the heart has completely stopped beating, or that its activity is not significant enough to maintain complete contractions or sustain life. Of course, cardiac arrest is an emergency. I’ll go as far to say that is one of the main big emergency medical situations. […] Nursing interventions, in regards to Cardiac Arrest, will include a nursing physical assessment, repetitive and frequent monitoring of vital signs (particularly before an arrest), activation of your facility emergency response system, and begin to use and follow the ACLS Algorithms. […] Start CPR immediately after assessing that your patient is unresponsive and there is no heartbeat or respirations. […] Treatment of Cardiac Arrest focuses on 2 things, the first is the restarting of the heart and the second identifying and treating the source of the dysthymia or other issues that caused the arrest. […] CPR is the principal treatment for cardiac arrest. […] Patients experiencing cardiac arrest that achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), will need to be admitted into an intensive care unit (ICU).

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Death Nursing Management – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-nursing-notes/sudden-cardiac-death/

  Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is unexpected cardiopulmonary collapse. SCD can occur as a primary manifestation of ischemic heart disease. […] Many hospitals and ambulances have automated defibrillators that professional staff can use if a patient suffers a heart attack or cardiac arrest. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased cardiac output related to electrophysiologic instability after resuscitation. […] Patient Management: Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain or improve oxygenation. The patient may be intubated and mechanically ventilated. […] Because most sudden cardiac death occurrences are secondary to a lethal dysrhythmia, 24 hour Holter monitoring and possible electrophysiologic study (EPS) may be done to determine the effectiveness of pharmacologic regimen.

• #2 Improving Nursing Documentation in Patients With Sudden Cardiac Arrest Requiring Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Long Term Acute Care

  https://mercer.openrepository.com/handle/10898/12583

  Improving Nursing Documentation in Patients With Sudden Cardiac Arrest Requiring Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Long Term Acute Care […] As a Nurse, accurate documentation is vital in improving patient safety and quality of care. […] In emergency situations, such as a sudden cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation, precise documentation is rarely accomplished, due to the hectic nature of the patient’s health status. […] The patient primary nurse is responsible for documenting a narrative note in the patient chart after the incident. […] Several research studies have highlighted the significance of CPR, the assessment of time keeping roles in cardiac arrests, and the evaluation of nursing documentation. […] This research study will analyze and provide possible solutions to the challenges faced by Nurses in long term acute settings during the documentation process on patients with sudden cardiac arrest requiring CPR. […] This effort will promote efficiency and accuracy in capturing, analyzing, and reporting of data in resuscitation science to help improve patient outcomes and workflow.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest: How to Respond | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/articles/sudden-cardiac-arrest-how-to-respond?srsltid=AfmBOopCg_CUS6_r9o4uNifxVD0vSaHyux5nOFP-d_Lgev5uBUGz3Zr4

  Get trained in CPR today and be prepared when moments matter. […] Training Services is a division of the American Red Cross with the mission to spread knowledge and educate as many members of the national community in lifesaving procedures. Our services include training courses for CPR and AED, First Aid, BLS (Basic Life Support), babysitting, Caregiving, Lifeguarding Water Safety, and more.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest Awareness Month | Red Cross

  https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/resources/articles/sudden-cardiac-arrest-awareness-month?srsltid=AfmBOophg1E72-aAS8RBCu64fsoi8piYBakZz81JM_qJIiW9Q90aWMGY

  Signs of sudden cardiac arrest to look for include: Unconscious, Not breathing or only gasping. […] Every second counts in a sudden cardiac arrest. Survival from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest greatly depends on nearby loved ones or bystanders promptly calling 911, initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and using an automated external defibrillator (AED). For every minute that immediate CPR and use of a defibrillator is delayed, odds of survival decrease by 10 percent. […] Knowing how to start CPR and how to use an AED greatly increases the chance of survival of an SCA. […] If an AED is not immediately available, administering CPR can be a bridge to life until an AED arrives. Learning CPR steps can help you protect loved ones in an emergency. […] Calling 911 and starting chest compressions is better than doing nothing at all. It can help give the person a better chance of survival. […] The American Red Cross Training Services provides CPR and AED training, available in-person, online or through hybrid courses.

• #2 Sudden cardiac arrest | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest?content_id=CON-20155133

  Treatment for sudden cardiac death includes CPR, resetting the heart rhythm, medicines to treat irregular heartbeats, and heart procedures or surgery to place heart devices or to treat a blockage. […] If you have a known risk of cardiac arrest, your healthcare professional might recommend a heart device called an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The device is placed under your collarbone. […] Preventing sudden cardiac arrest starts with keeping the heart and blood vessels in good shape. To live a heart-healthy lifestyle: Don’t smoke. Get regular exercise and stay active. Keep a healthy weight. […] If you live with someone who is at risk of sudden cardiac arrest, it’s important that you be trained in CPR. The American Red Cross and other organizations offer courses in CPR and defibrillator use.

• #2 Sudden cardiac arrest – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sudden-cardiac-arrest/symptoms-causes/syc-20350634

  If you have a known risk of cardiac arrest, your healthcare professional might recommend a heart device called an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The device is placed under your collarbone. […] You also might consider purchasing an automated external defibrillator (AED) for home use. Discuss this with your healthcare team. AEDs help reset the heart’s rhythm when a person has sudden cardiac arrest. But they can be expensive and aren’t always covered by health insurance.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) | The Texas Heart Institute®

  https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/topics/sudden-cardiac-arrest/

  Patients who have already had SCA are at greater risk of having it again. These patients may be treated with antiarrhythmic medicines or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to stop the arrhythmias that can lead to SCA. An ICD is a device that applies electric impulses or, if needed, a shock to restore a normal heartbeat. […] In some patients, balloon angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be performed to treat their CAD and prevent the heart damage that can lead to arrhythmias and SCA.

• #2 Identifying symptoms and taking action; sudden cardiac arrest and heart attack | Carle.org

  https://carle.org/newsroom/staying-healthy/2023/10/identifying-symptoms-and-taking-action;-sudden-car

  Sudden cardiac arrest is more severe, resulting in death if emergency care is not provided quickly. […] Sudden cardiac arrest is often caused by coronary disease in men and women over 50, said Ken Bodine, MD, Non-Invasive Cardiologist and Medical Director for Cardiac Rehab. […] If you believe you are having a heart attack or emergent cardiac event, it’s important to call an ambulance or friend to drive you. […] Receiving CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) or BLS (basic life support) certification is also helpful. […] To prevent cardiac arrest, after a heart attack, you might have a procedure like a stent or surgery, and cardiac rehab is strongly recommended, said Dr. Bodine. […] A patients initial return to exercise should be with the cardiac rehab team. This helps to track the patients heart while it is healing and regaining strength.

• #2 Sudden Cardiac Arrest vs Heart Attack | Cardiology | Henry Ford Health – Detroit, MI

  https://www.henryford.com/services/cardiology/support/diagnosis/heart-attack-vs-sudden-cardiac-arrest

  Fear You may be worried that a sudden cardiac arrest could happen again. However, the best response to this fear is managing your health and following the advice of your medical team. […] Depression or anxiety Struggles with depression or anxiety following a sudden cardiac arrest are normal and can be managed. Speaking with your family, survivor groups, a counselor, or even your rescuer have proven to be an incredibly effective response. […] Following a sudden cardiac arrest, your medical team will likely advise a reduction in physical or strenuous activity. While such restrictions are usually temporary, it is important to remember that they are necessary and allow your body an opportunity to recover from an incredibly arduous event. Some survivors even experience short-term memory loss that typically lasts from one to six weeks. If memory loss lasts longer, be sure to speak with your medical team.

• #2 Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/cardiac-arrest-and-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation/

  Minimizing the interruption and delays to the initiation of high-quality CPR and early defibrillation of shockable rhythms are the most important factors for survival and reducing long-term complications after cardiac arrest. […] The post-ROSC phase of cardiac arrest focuses on optimizing hemodynamic support, identifying and treating the underlying cause of arrest, and minimizing secondary brain injury through neuroprotective measures. […] The initial approach to cardiac arrest is influenced by the rescuers (e.g., number of rescuers, training received), patient factors (e.g., age, pregnancy), and location (i.e., in-hospital vs. out-of-hospital). […] Effective teamwork is essential to the success of resuscitative efforts. […] Continuous compression-only CPR is a reasonable alternative to mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing if the provider is uncomfortable administering rescue breaths or there is concern for infectious disease transmission.

• #2 New Innovations to Address Sudden Cardiac Arrest | USC Journal

  https://www.uscjournal.com/articles/new-innovations-address-sudden-cardiac-arrest?language_content_entity=en

  Even when AEDs are available during an OHCA, a lack of awareness and education of AEDs prevents their effective use. […] Improving Patient Identification with Electronic Medical Record Analytics […] Advanced computational approaches such as machine learning have emerged to potentially improve the identification of patients shortly before a cardiac arrest. […] Innovations to Improve Bystander CPR […] New Automated External Defibrillator Technologies […] Multiple studies have used machine learning to detect shockable rhythms in AEDs. […] Novel AEDs with improved machine learning techniques should be incorporated into public health emergency medical services systems of care. […] The AHA aims to improve the use of AEDs through public access defibrillation programs that ensure that AEDs and trained lay rescuers are available.

• #3 Cardiac Arrest – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534866/

  As defined by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology, „(sudden) cardiac arrest is the sudden cessation of cardiac activity so that the victim becomes unresponsive, with no normal breathing and no signs of circulation. If corrective measures are not taken rapidly, this condition progresses to sudden death. Cardiac arrest should be used to signify an event as described above, which is reversed, usually by CPR and/or defibrillation or cardioversion, or cardiac pacing. Sudden cardiac death should not be used to describe events that are not fatal.” This activity describes the evaluation and management of cardiac arrest and reviews the role of the interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients with this condition. […] Treatment for those who are certified to practice basic life support (BLS) includes treatment as above, with the addition of ventilation during active CPR. Current guidelines recommend 2 breaths for every 30 compressions (30:2). Providers can also manipulate the airway to aid in airway patency, thus, allowing for proper ventilation. These maneuvers include the head-tilt, chin-lift, and the jaw thrust. Oral airway adjuncts including the oral pharyngeal airway (OPA) and the nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) should also be utilized to benefit ventilation.

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