Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Shigellosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/shigellosis

  Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery, is an infectious bowel disease caused by a group of bacteria known by the name of Shigella. Infection is mainly characterized by severe diarrhea, often containing blood, together with abdominal cramps and fever. It mainly affects preschool age children, but can also occur in adults. […] The onset of the typical acute dysenteric form in adults occurs suddenly following a brief incubation period of 1 to 4 days after ingesting the bacteria. It is characterized by abdominal pain often combined with vomiting and frequent passage of purulent stools containing bloody mucus, which can in some cases be hemorrhagic. Patients experience high fever and a decline in their general condition. […] Complications may occur over the course of the disease, particularly in infants and young children, causing severe forms of shigellosis that can potentially result in death.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Shigella Infection | Shigella – Shigellosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/signs-symptoms/index.html

  People with Shigella infection usually start experiencing symptoms 1 to 2 days after contact with the germ. […] Common symptoms of Shigella infection include diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, and feeling the need to pass stool (poop) even when the bowels are empty. […] Symptoms usually last 5 to 7 days, but some people may experience symptoms anywhere from a few days to 4 or more weeks. In some cases, it may take several months before bowel habits (for example, how often someone passes stool and the consistency of their stool) are entirely normal.

• #1 Shigella infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shigella/symptoms-causes/syc-20377529

  Shigella infection is an illness that affects the intestine. Another name for it is shigellosis. It’s caused by a group of germs called shigella bacteria. […] The main symptom of shigella infection is diarrhea that can be bloody or long lasting. Other symptoms can include fever and stomach pain. […] Symptoms of shigella infection usually start a day or two after contact with the germs that cause it. Sometimes, the illness takes up to a week to start. […] Symptoms can include: Diarrhea that may contain blood or mucus, and that may last more than three days. Stomach pain or cramps. A feeling of needing to pass stool even when the bowel is empty. Fever. Upset stomach or vomiting. […] Symptoms tend to last up to seven days. Sometimes they last longer. Some people have no symptoms after they’ve been infected with shigella. But the germs may be able to spread through the stool for up to a few weeks.

• #1 Shigellosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482337/

  Shigellosis is an acute enteric infection caused by shigellae, a facultative gram-negative, anaerobic bacillus. […] The most common symptoms of shigellosis are mucoid bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. […] The main symptom of shigellosis is bloody and often mucoid diarrhea; abdominal pain and vomiting are common. […] Shigellosis is typically self-limited and resolves within 5 to 7 days. […] The clinical manifestations of shigellosis usually begin within 1 to 4 days following exposure. […] Approximately 70% to 90% of patients with shigellosis will report abdominal pain ranging from mild discomfort to severe, diffuse, colicky pain. Another 70% to 80% describe small-volume mucoid diarrhea that will precede bloody diarrhea in 30% to 50%. […] Shigellosis is usually a self-limited disease and resolves within 5 to 7 days.

• #1 Shigella Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/968773-clinical

  Populations that are at high-risk for shigellosis include the following: […] Symptoms include the following: Sudden onset of severe abdominal cramping, high-grade fever, emesis, anorexia, and large-volume watery diarrhea. Seizures may be an early manifestation. […] Abdominal pain, tenesmus, urgency, fecal incontinence, and small-volume mucoid diarrhea with frank blood (fractional stools) may subsequently occur. […] Signs include the following: Elevated temperatures (as high as 106 F) are documented in approximately one third of cases, and a generally toxic appearance is noticed. […] Tachycardia and tachypnea may occur secondary to fever and dehydration. Depending on the degree of dehydration, dry mucous membranes, hypotension, prolonged capillary refill time, and poor skin turgor may be present.

• #1 About Shigella Infection | Shigella – Shigellosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/about/index.html

  Symptoms usually start 12 days after infection and last 7 days. Most people with shigellosis experience: […] Diarrhea that can be bloody or prolonged (lasting more than 3 days) […] Fever […] Stomach pain […] Feeling the need to pass stool (poop) even when the bowels are empty.

• #1 Shigella: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-shigella

  Shigella is a group of bacteria that causes shigellosis, a type of food poisoning. The infection can cause belly pain, fever, and watery or bloody diarrhea. You may feel a sharp cramp in your stomach and lower belly area. […] The main symptom is diarrhea. The stools may be bloody or contain mucus. Other symptoms you or your child may get include: Nausea, Vomiting, Fever, Cramping in your stomach and belly (abdominal) area, Tenesmus (the feeling that you need to go to the bathroom even when there is nothing left in your intestines). […] For people with mild cases, you can expect your symptoms to clear up without drugs in a week. […] But shigellosis can be worse on seniors, infants, or people who have chronic illnesses that have weakened their immune systems (HIV, for example). […] You should call your doctor if you have: Severe diarrhea, especially if you spot blood or mucus, A fever, Signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, dry lips, or lightheadedness.

• #1 Shigellosis: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/shigellosis

  Vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms of Shigella, so combating dehydration is important. […] Frequent bouts of watery diarrhea are the main symptom of shigellosis. Abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting may also occur. Many people who have shigellosis also have either blood or mucus in their stool, and they may run a fever. […] Symptoms usually begin within 12 days of coming in contact with Shigella. In some cases, symptoms of infection may appear in as little as 12 hours after contact. […] Diarrhea and other signs of shigellosis usually last between 5-7 days. Mild infection lasting a couple of days may not require treatment. […] It’s critical to stay hydrated in between bouts of diarrhea. Call your doctor if you have diarrhea for longer than 3 days. This is very important, especially if you can’t keep down food or water. Dehydration is a real danger associated with shigellosis.

• #1 Shigella – Medical Microbiology – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8038/

  Symptoms of shigellosis include abdominal pain, tenesmus, watery diarrhea, and/or dysentery (multiple scanty, bloody, mucoid stools). Other signs may include abdominal tenderness, fever, vomiting, dehydration, and convulsions. […] An early symptom, diarrhea (possibly elicited by enterotoxins and/or cytotoxin), may occur as the organisms pass through the small intestine. The hallmarks of shigellosis are bacterial invasion of the colonic epithelium and inflammatory colitis. […] Shigellosis has two basic clinical presentations: (1) watery diarrhea associated with vomiting and mild to moderate dehydration, and (2) dysentery characterized by a small volume of bloody, mucoid stools, and abdominal pain (cramps and tenesmus). […] The salient point is that shigellosis is an acute infection with onset of symptoms usually occurring within 24-48 hours of ingestion of the etiologic agent. The average duration of symptoms in untreated adults is 7 days, and the organism may be cultivated from stools for 30 days or longer.

• #1 Shigella Infections (Shigellosis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/shigella.html

  An infection with shigella (shih-GEL-uh) bacteriais called shigellosis (shih-guh-LOW-sus). It can cause watery diarrhea or diarrhea with blood and/or mucus in it. […] Besides diarrhea, shigellosis can cause: belly cramps, high fever, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, painful bowel movements (pooping). […] Shigellosis can lead to dehydration. In rare cases, other problems like arthritis, seizures, and kidney problems can happen. […] Call the doctor if your child has signs of shigellosis, such as watery diarrhea, diarrhea with blood or mucus, or belly pain. […] Also call the doctor if your child has diarrhea and shows signs of dehydration, such as: a dry or sticky mouth, peeing less than usual, no tears when crying, dizziness or drowsiness.

• #1 Shigellosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/shigellosis

  The disease usually resolves spontaneously in mild cases in 4 to 8 days, severe cases in 3 to 6 weeks. Significant dehydration and electrolyte loss with circulatory collapse and death occur mainly in adults with immunocompromise and children. […] In young children, onset is sudden, with fever, irritability or drowsiness, anorexia, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention, and tenesmus. Within 3 days, blood, pus, and mucus appear in the stools. The number of stools may increase to 20/day, and weight loss and dehydration become severe. If untreated, children may die in the first 12 days. If children survive, acute symptoms subside by the second week. […] Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may complicate shigellosis due to S. dysenteriae type 1 in children. HUS, if it occurs, develops about 7 days (but up to 3 weeks) after the first symptoms of shigellosis, when the diarrhea is resolving. HUS is signaled by the development of lethargy and decreasing urine output. […] Severe mucosal ulcerations may cause significant acute blood loss.

• #1 Shigellosis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/shigellosis.html

  Most people who are infected with Shigella develop diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps a day or two after being exposed to the bacterium. The diarrhea is often bloody. Shigellosis usually resolves in five to seven days. […] A severe infection with high fever also may be associated with seizures in children younger than 2 years of age. Some persons who are infected may have no symptoms at all, but may still pass the Shigella bacteria to others. […] Persons with diarrhea usually recover completely, although it may be several months before their bowel habits are entirely normal. About 3 percent of persons who are infected with one type of Shigella (Shigella flexneri) will later develop pains in their joints, irritation of the eyes and painful urination. This is called Reiter’s syndrome and it can last for months or years, sometimes leading to chronic arthritis, which is difficult to treat. Reiter’s syndrome is caused by a reaction to Shigella infection that happens only in people who are genetically predisposed to it.

• #1 For health professionals: Shigellosis (Shigella) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/shigella/health-professionals.html

  Infections are usually self-limiting. They can become life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. The illness usually lasts for 4 to 7 days. People are infectious while they are sick, and infectivity could last for up to 4 weeks after illness. Some people may not experience symptoms after they have been infected with Shigella. However, their feces may still be contagious for up to a few weeks.

• #1 Gastroenteritis – shigellosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/gastroenteritis-shigella

  Shigellosis is a bowel infection caused by Shigella bacteria. Common symptoms include diarrhoea that may contain blood, mucus or pus, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. […] Common symptoms include diarrhoea that may contain blood, mucus or pus, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. After incubating (bacteria multiplying) in the body for around one to three days, the infection causes the characteristic symptoms. These symptoms last for about four to seven days. […] The symptoms of shigellosis include: diarrhoea (which may contain traces of pus, mucus or blood), fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness when standing up. […] The symptoms of shigellosis may clear up after a week or so, but the person can have Shigella bacteria in their faeces for at least four weeks after the symptoms stop. Occasionally, a person may excrete the bacteria for months after the symptoms have stopped.

• #1 Shigella infection: Treatment and prevention in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/shigella-infection-treatment-and-prevention-in-adults

  Shigella species are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. […] Infection with Shigella is generally self-limited; the average duration of symptoms associated with untreated Shigella gastroenteritis is seven days. […] In the absence of antibiotic treatment, patients with Shigella gastroenteritis may shed the organism for up to six weeks after the resolution of symptoms; risk factors for asymptomatic shedding are not known. […] Complications of Shigella gastroenteritis, including bacteremia and severe colonic disease resulting in obstruction or perforation, are rare in immunocompetent adults. However, individuals with underlying immunodeficiency (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) or malnutrition are at increased risk for complications and worse outcomes associated with Shigella infection. […] Disease caused by S. sonnei tends to be less severe than that caused by S. flexneri.

• #1 Shigellosis

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/shigellosis

  The incubation period depends on the serotype. It varies from 12 hours to 4 days, but is usually 17 days. […] Shigella infection occurs worldwide, although the incidence of specific serotypes varies by country; antimicrobial resistance in Shigella isolates from returned travellers is increasing. […] Secondary attack rates vary, with an increased rate in people with difficulty maintaining personal hygiene (children, people with intellectual disabilities) or people with particular risk factors (men who have sex with men and food handlers). […] Shigella is communicable during the acute phase and while the infectious agent is present in faeces usually no longer than 4 weeks. Asymptomatic carriage and excretion may persist for months.

• #1 Shigellosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482337/

  Certain poor prognostic factors may increase morbidity and mortality. These include delays in administering appropriate therapy if the patient is immunocompromised, prolonged disease duration of more than 7 days, extremes of age, and bacteremia. […] Complications of shigellosis include hemolytic uremic syndrome, defined as a triad of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney injury.

• #1 WHO EMRO | Shigella: risk communication and community engagement guidance | Publications | Health Emergency Preparedness and Internat

  https://www.emro.who.int/cpi/publications/shigella-risk-communication-and-community-engagement-guidance.html

  Signs such as persistent diarrhoea, fever and stomach pain require prompt medical attention, especially if symptoms include bloody diarrhoea or severe discomfort that lasts beyond three days. […] To manage symptoms effectively, and prevent serious complications such as dehydration, it is essential to consult health care workers immediately if symptoms develop, particularly in vulnerable populations like children and the elderly. […] Children under 5: Young children, particularly those under 5 years of age, are most susceptible to shigellosis. Outbreaks can spread rapidly within tightly knit communities living in makeshift accommodation. […] Immunocompromised individuals: People with weakened immune systems, whether due to conditions like HIV or treatments such as chemotherapy, may experience severe infections that can lead to life-threatening complications like bacteremia.

• #1 Shigella infection – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/shigella+infection/shigella+infection+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Symptoms may include: […] Mild infections or infections without symptoms may occur. The most severe infections occur in the very young, the elderly and malnourished people. […] 1 to 7 days, usually 1 to 3 days. […] While symptoms are present and until Shigella are no longer present in the faeces (usually within 4 weeks after illness). […] Specific antibiotic therapy is available and will reduce the duration and severity of symptoms and the spread of infection. Gastroenteritis is a common illness which can be particularly serious in young children. […] Seek medical advice if any of the following symptoms occur. […] Signs of dehydration, such as thirst and decreased urination, lethargy, dry mouth, feeling faint on standing […] fever […] severe abdominal pain […] bloody diarrhoea. […] Signs of dehydration, such as thirst and decreased urination, lethargy, dry mouth, sunken eyes, feeling faint on standing […] fever […] abdominal pain […] bloody diarrhoea […] any symptoms in a child less than 12 months of age.

• #1 Warning after rise in extremely drug-resistant Shigella – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/warning-after-rise-in-extremely-drug-resistant-shigella

  The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) reports a concerning rise in Shigella cases, a gut infection that causes diarrhoea, stomach cramps and fever. […] Shigella is a gut infection that causes diarrhoea (sometimes mixed with blood), stomach cramps and fever. It is caused by bacteria found in faeces. […] Symptoms are typically seen between 1 and 4 days after exposure and are commonly mistaken for food poisoning. […] Although symptoms can be unpleasant, in most cases they will subside within a week, but some individuals need hospitalisation and require intravenous antibiotic treatment. […] Antibiotic treatment is recommended in cases with severe symptoms, those requiring hospital admission, those with prolonged diarrhoea (beyond 7 days) or in those who have underlying immunodeficiency.

• #1 For health professionals: Shigellosis (Shigella) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/shigella/health-professionals.html

  Shigellosis is an acute infectious diarrheal disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella. […] Shigellosis is an acute infection with onset of symptoms. In particular, it causes watery diarrhea usually occurring within 24 to 48 hours of ingestion of the etiologic agent. […] Infection may be mild or asymptomatic. Illness can range from mild watery diarrhea to severe inflammatory bacillary dysentery or shigellosis. Symptoms include: watery or bloody diarrhoea, which may contain mucus, severe abdominal cramps, tenesmus, fever and malaise, nausea and vomiting. […] Occasionally, it can lead to complications, such as: severe dehydration due to persistent diarrhea, which could lead to shock and death if not treated early, seizures, especially in young children, though it is not known if the convulsions are a result of the fever or the Shigella infection itself, Reiter’s syndrome, which is associated with S. flexneri, also known as reactive arthritis or post-infectious arthritis, characterized by the classic triad of conjunctivitis, urethritis and arthritis, bloodstream infections, which are most common among patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV, cancer, or severe malnutrition, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which has been linked to Shiga toxin, a potent cytotoxin produced by S. dysenteriae that can also cause other neurotoxic effects, toxic megacolon, a rare complication occurs when colon becomes paralyzed, preventing a bowel movement or passing gas.

• #1 Shigellosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/shigellosis

  The main acute complications are: hypoglycemia and gut-origin bacteremia or septicemia potentially complicated by septic shock; dehydration due to fever and significant fluid and electrolyte loss through diarrhea, resulting in circulatory collapse and acute kidney failure; hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute kidney failure of complex origin, which is fatal in most cases if patients cannot be treated quickly in an ICU, may be observed occasionally after contamination with the very rare strains of Shigella spp. that produce Shiga toxin; toxic megacolon and intestinal obstruction potentially complicated by perforation with peritonitis. […] The main chronic complications are a prolonged state of malnutrition with severe failure to thrive in young children.

• #1 Shigellosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182767-overview

  Symptoms of shigellosis include the following: Acute bloody diarrhea, Abdominal cramping, Tenesmus, Urgency, Fever, Occasional vomiting, Dehydration. […] These symptoms are usually self-limiting and can last from 2 to 7 days. However, certain populations are at an increased risk of severe shigellosis infection, including children in daycare, incarcerated persons, international travelers, homosexual men, people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and those who live in crowded, unsanitary conditions. […] Postinfection carriage of shigellosis is generally less than 3-4 weeks. Mild cramps and diarrhea may continue for many days to weeks after treatment of the condition. […] Infection with Shigella species may be associated with extragastrointestinal complications. […] Bacteremia occurs primarily in malnourished children and carries a mortality of 20% as a result of renal failure, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and shock.

• #1 Shigellosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182767-overview

  Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) may complicate infections with Shigella species and Escherichia coli, and it carries a mortality of over 50%. […] Neurologic complications associated with Shigella infection may arise, of which seizures are the most common. These tend to be generalized seizures. […] In addition to seizures, other neurologic findings have been described in up to 40% of children hospitalized with Shigella infection, including encephalopathy with lethargy, confusion, and headache.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=te6323spec

  The symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhea (often bloody), fever, and stomach cramps starting 1 or 2 days after you are exposed to the bacteria. Shigellosis usually lasts 5 to 7 days. […] In some people, especially young children and older adults, the diarrhea can be so severe that a hospital stay is needed. Some people who are infected may have no symptoms at all but may still spread shigellosis to others. […] After shigellosis, it may take months before your bowel movements are completely normal again. But people with diarrhea usually recover completely. […] A small number of people who are infected with one type of shigella bacteria, Shigella flexneri, will later develop pain in their joints, irritation of the eyes, and painful urination. This is called reactive arthritis. It can last for months or years and can lead to chronic arthritis.

• #1 Shigella infection: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/shigella-infection-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

  Shigella species are a common cause of diarrhea worldwide. […] Issues related to the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical manifestations, complications, and diagnosis of Shigella infection will be reviewed here. […] Worldwide, 188 million cases of Shigella occur annually, with 164,000 associated deaths. Shigella is the most common cause of invasive (bloody) diarrhea among children in resource-limited settings. […] In many resource-limited settings, S. flexneri is the predominant species. S. sonnei is the second most prevalent; however, S. sonnei appears to be emerging in economically transitional regions. […] S. dysenteriae is rarely isolated in surveillance; its decline is likely due to improvements in sanitation and antimicrobial access. S. boydii infections are uncommon outside the Indian subcontinent.

• #1 Shigella infection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/1174

  Shigella infection is easily spread by fecal-oral contact or by contaminated water or food. It usually presents as a mild, self-limited diarrheal illness. […] Shigella dysenteriae is more common in low- and middle-income countries and causes a more severe illness with dysentery. […] Key diagnostic factors include diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, fever, tenesmus, abdominal pain or tenderness, and features of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

• #1

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/shigella-bacteria-symptoms-causes-what-is-it/

  Symptoms of a shigella infection include watery or loose stools. The incubation period is 12-96 hours after exposure. Symptoms usually start one to two days after infection and can last up to seven days. […] In some cases, the symptoms can be more serious and include fever, stomach pain and cramps, and mucous-filled or bloody stools. Other reported symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache and malaise. […] „If you are having bloody diarrhea more than three times a day and not able to keep anything down, that is a good time to start thinking about going to the ER,” says Patel. […] In some cases, bowel habits (the frequency and consistency of stool) do not return to normal for several months, says the CDC.

• #2 Shigella infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/shigella/symptoms-causes/syc-20377529

  Shigella infection is an illness that affects the intestine. Another name for it is shigellosis. It’s caused by a group of germs called shigella bacteria. […] The main symptom of shigella infection is diarrhea that can be bloody or long lasting. Other symptoms can include fever and stomach pain. […] Symptoms of shigella infection usually start a day or two after contact with the germs that cause it. Sometimes, the illness takes up to a week to start. […] Symptoms can include: Diarrhea that may contain blood or mucus, and that may last more than three days. Stomach pain or cramps. A feeling of needing to pass stool even when the bowel is empty. Fever. Upset stomach or vomiting. […] Symptoms tend to last up to seven days. Sometimes they last longer. Some people have no symptoms after they’ve been infected with shigella. But the germs may be able to spread through the stool for up to a few weeks.

• #2 Shigellosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482337/

  Shigellosis is an acute enteric infection caused by shigellae, a facultative gram-negative, anaerobic bacillus. […] The most common symptoms of shigellosis are mucoid bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. […] The main symptom of shigellosis is bloody and often mucoid diarrhea; abdominal pain and vomiting are common. […] Shigellosis is typically self-limited and resolves within 5 to 7 days. […] The clinical manifestations of shigellosis usually begin within 1 to 4 days following exposure. […] Approximately 70% to 90% of patients with shigellosis will report abdominal pain ranging from mild discomfort to severe, diffuse, colicky pain. Another 70% to 80% describe small-volume mucoid diarrhea that will precede bloody diarrhea in 30% to 50%. […] Shigellosis is usually a self-limited disease and resolves within 5 to 7 days.

• #2 Shigella Infection (Shigellosis): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17826-shigellosis

  Shigella infection, also called shigellosis, is a condition that affects your digestive system. The bacteria causes possibly bloody diarrhea. […] Shigellosis, or Shigella infection caused by Shigella bacteria, is a disease that affects your digestive system. It produces stomach pain, diarrhea and fever in people who are infected. […] Common signs and symptoms of shigellosis include: Diarrhea, which can be watery, bloody and/or contain mucus or pus. Stomach pain and cramps. Vomiting. Fever. […] In some cases, people who are infected with the Shigella bacteria dont have symptoms but are still contagious. […] Most people with shigellosis feel better in four to seven days, but they may still be contagious for weeks after they recover. People who have severe infections may be sick for three to six weeks. Complications are rare, but they can happen.

• #2 Gastroenteritis – shigellosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/gastroenteritis-shigella

  Shigellosis is a bowel infection caused by Shigella bacteria. Common symptoms include diarrhoea that may contain blood, mucus or pus, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. […] Common symptoms include diarrhoea that may contain blood, mucus or pus, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. After incubating (bacteria multiplying) in the body for around one to three days, the infection causes the characteristic symptoms. These symptoms last for about four to seven days. […] The symptoms of shigellosis include: diarrhoea (which may contain traces of pus, mucus or blood), fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness when standing up. […] The symptoms of shigellosis may clear up after a week or so, but the person can have Shigella bacteria in their faeces for at least four weeks after the symptoms stop. Occasionally, a person may excrete the bacteria for months after the symptoms have stopped.

• #2 Shigella – Medical Microbiology – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8038/

  Symptoms of shigellosis include abdominal pain, tenesmus, watery diarrhea, and/or dysentery (multiple scanty, bloody, mucoid stools). Other signs may include abdominal tenderness, fever, vomiting, dehydration, and convulsions. […] An early symptom, diarrhea (possibly elicited by enterotoxins and/or cytotoxin), may occur as the organisms pass through the small intestine. The hallmarks of shigellosis are bacterial invasion of the colonic epithelium and inflammatory colitis. […] Shigellosis has two basic clinical presentations: (1) watery diarrhea associated with vomiting and mild to moderate dehydration, and (2) dysentery characterized by a small volume of bloody, mucoid stools, and abdominal pain (cramps and tenesmus). […] The salient point is that shigellosis is an acute infection with onset of symptoms usually occurring within 24-48 hours of ingestion of the etiologic agent. The average duration of symptoms in untreated adults is 7 days, and the organism may be cultivated from stools for 30 days or longer.

• #2 Shigellosis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/shigellosis

  Symptoms often develop about 1 to 7 days (average 3 days) after coming into contact with the bacteria. […] Symptoms include: Acute (sudden) abdominal pain or cramping, Acute fever, Blood, mucus, or pus in the stool, Crampy rectal pain, Nausea and vomiting, Watery and bloody diarrhea. […] The infection can be mild and goes away on its own. Most people, except malnourished children and those with weakened immune systems, typically recover fully.

• #2 Shigellosis: symptoms, treatment, prevention – Institut Pasteur

  https://www.pasteur.fr/en/medical-center/disease-sheets/shigellosis

  Shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery, is an infectious bowel disease caused by a group of bacteria known by the name of Shigella. Infection is mainly characterized by severe diarrhea, often containing blood, together with abdominal cramps and fever. It mainly affects preschool age children, but can also occur in adults. […] The onset of the typical acute dysenteric form in adults occurs suddenly following a brief incubation period of 1 to 4 days after ingesting the bacteria. It is characterized by abdominal pain often combined with vomiting and frequent passage of purulent stools containing bloody mucus, which can in some cases be hemorrhagic. Patients experience high fever and a decline in their general condition. […] Complications may occur over the course of the disease, particularly in infants and young children, causing severe forms of shigellosis that can potentially result in death.

• #2 Shigellosis: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/shigellosis

  Vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms of Shigella, so combating dehydration is important. […] Frequent bouts of watery diarrhea are the main symptom of shigellosis. Abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting may also occur. Many people who have shigellosis also have either blood or mucus in their stool, and they may run a fever. […] Symptoms usually begin within 12 days of coming in contact with Shigella. In some cases, symptoms of infection may appear in as little as 12 hours after contact. […] Diarrhea and other signs of shigellosis usually last between 5-7 days. Mild infection lasting a couple of days may not require treatment. […] It’s critical to stay hydrated in between bouts of diarrhea. Call your doctor if you have diarrhea for longer than 3 days. This is very important, especially if you can’t keep down food or water. Dehydration is a real danger associated with shigellosis.

• #2 Shigellosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosis

  Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. […] The diarrhea may be bloody. […] Symptoms typically last five to seven days and it may take several months before bowel habits return entirely to normal. […] Complications can include reactive arthritis, sepsis, seizures, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. […] Signs and symptoms may range from mild abdominal discomfort to severe dysentery characterized by cramps, diarrhea, with slimy-consistent stools, fever, blood, pus, or mucus in stools or tenesmus. […] Onset time is 12 to 96 hours, and recovery takes 5 to 7 days. […] Infections are associated with mucosal ulceration, rectal bleeding, and drastic dehydration. Reactive arthritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome are possible sequelae that have been reported in the aftermath of shigellosis. […] The most common neurological symptom includes seizures. […] In most cases, the disease resolves within four to eight days without antibiotics. Severe infections may last three to six weeks.

• #2 About Shigella Infection | Shigella – Shigellosis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/shigella/about/index.html

  Symptoms usually start 12 days after infection and last 7 days. Most people with shigellosis experience: […] Diarrhea that can be bloody or prolonged (lasting more than 3 days) […] Fever […] Stomach pain […] Feeling the need to pass stool (poop) even when the bowels are empty.

• #2 Shigellosis Healthbeat

  http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbshigellosis.htm

  Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella. Most people who are infected with Shigella develop diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps a day or two after being exposed to the bacterium. The diarrhea is often bloody. Shigellosis usually resolves in five to seven days. In some persons, especially young children and the elderly, the diarrhea can be so severe the patient needs to be hospitalized. A severe infection with high fever also may be associated with seizures in children younger than 2 years of age. […] Some persons who are infected may have no symptoms at all, but may still pass the Shigella bacteria to others. […] Persons with diarrhea usually recover completely, although it may be several months before their bowel habits are entirely normal. About 3 percent of persons who are infected with one type of Shigella (Shigella flexneri) will later develop pains in their joints, irritation of the eyes and painful urination. This is called Reiter’s syndrome and it can last for months or years, sometimes leading to chronic arthritis, which is difficult to treat. Reiter’s syndrome is caused by a reaction to Shigella infection that happens only in people who are genetically predisposed to it.

• #2 Shigella Infection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/968773-clinical

  Populations that are at high-risk for shigellosis include the following: […] Symptoms include the following: Sudden onset of severe abdominal cramping, high-grade fever, emesis, anorexia, and large-volume watery diarrhea. Seizures may be an early manifestation. […] Abdominal pain, tenesmus, urgency, fecal incontinence, and small-volume mucoid diarrhea with frank blood (fractional stools) may subsequently occur. […] Signs include the following: Elevated temperatures (as high as 106 F) are documented in approximately one third of cases, and a generally toxic appearance is noticed. […] Tachycardia and tachypnea may occur secondary to fever and dehydration. Depending on the degree of dehydration, dry mucous membranes, hypotension, prolonged capillary refill time, and poor skin turgor may be present.

• #2 Shigellosis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/shigellosis.html

  Most people who are infected with Shigella develop diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps a day or two after being exposed to the bacterium. The diarrhea is often bloody. Shigellosis usually resolves in five to seven days. […] In some persons, especially young children and the elderly, the diarrhea can be so severe the patient needs to be hospitalized. A severe infection with high fever also may be associated with seizures in children younger than 2 years of age. […] Persons with diarrhea usually recover completely, although it may be several months before their bowel habits are entirely normal. About 3 percent of persons who are infected with one type of Shigella (Shigella flexneri) will later develop pains in their joints, irritation of the eyes and painful urination. This is called Reiter’s syndrome and it can last for months or years, sometimes leading to chronic arthritis, which is difficult to treat. Reiter’s syndrome is caused by a reaction to Shigella infection that happens only in people who are genetically predisposed to it.

• #2 Shigella infection: Treatment and prevention in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/shigella-infection-treatment-and-prevention-in-adults

  Shigella species are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. […] Infection with Shigella is generally self-limited; the average duration of symptoms associated with untreated Shigella gastroenteritis is seven days. […] In the absence of antibiotic treatment, patients with Shigella gastroenteritis may shed the organism for up to six weeks after the resolution of symptoms; risk factors for asymptomatic shedding are not known. […] Complications of Shigella gastroenteritis, including bacteremia and severe colonic disease resulting in obstruction or perforation, are rare in immunocompetent adults. However, individuals with underlying immunodeficiency (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) or malnutrition are at increased risk for complications and worse outcomes associated with Shigella infection. […] Disease caused by S. sonnei tends to be less severe than that caused by S. flexneri.

• #2 WHO EMRO | Shigella: risk communication and community engagement guidance | Publications | Health Emergency Preparedness and Internat

  https://www.emro.who.int/cpi/publications/shigella-risk-communication-and-community-engagement-guidance.html

  Signs such as persistent diarrhoea, fever and stomach pain require prompt medical attention, especially if symptoms include bloody diarrhoea or severe discomfort that lasts beyond three days. […] To manage symptoms effectively, and prevent serious complications such as dehydration, it is essential to consult health care workers immediately if symptoms develop, particularly in vulnerable populations like children and the elderly. […] Children under 5: Young children, particularly those under 5 years of age, are most susceptible to shigellosis. Outbreaks can spread rapidly within tightly knit communities living in makeshift accommodation. […] Immunocompromised individuals: People with weakened immune systems, whether due to conditions like HIV or treatments such as chemotherapy, may experience severe infections that can lead to life-threatening complications like bacteremia.

• #2 Symptoms and Consequences of Shigella Infection in Children

  https://www.longdom.org/open-access/symptoms-and-consequences-of-shigella-infection-in-children-97915.html

  Shigella infection (also known as shigellosis) can affect persons of any age, but it is more common in children under the age of five. […] Shigella is a highly contagious gastrointestinal disease that kills an estimated 68,000 children under the age of five every year and indirectly kills another 13,600 infants by causing stunting or linear growth failures. […] Shigella not only contributes to childhood mortality, but it also significantly increases morbidity in children under the age of five. […] Shigella acute diarrhea affects children at a rate ranging from 1 per 100 child-years to 75.1 per 100 child-years in LMICs. […] Shigella infections can place a heavy financial strain on families and healthcare systems due to the high expense of hospitalization and treatment for Shigella diarrhea, as well as the possibility of reduced earning potential due to Shigella’s longer-term effects.

• #2 Shigellosis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482337/

  Certain poor prognostic factors may increase morbidity and mortality. These include delays in administering appropriate therapy if the patient is immunocompromised, prolonged disease duration of more than 7 days, extremes of age, and bacteremia. […] Complications of shigellosis include hemolytic uremic syndrome, defined as a triad of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney injury.

• #2 Shigellosis

  https://acphd.org/shigellosis/

  Shigellosis is an intestinal illness caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella. Common symptoms include diarrhea (sometimes bloody), abdominal cramps, nausea, and fever. Symptoms usually begin within 2 days after exposure to Shigella and typically last for 5 to 7 days. […] However, some people, especially young children, older adults, and persons with weakened immune systems, may have severe disease that requires hospitalization. A small number of people can develop complications such as blood stream infections, seizures, kidney failure or arthritis. […] Although some patients do not require medical treatment, more severely ill patients may need intravenous rehydration and antibiotics.

• #2 For health professionals: Shigellosis (Shigella) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/shigella/health-professionals.html

  Shigellosis is an acute infectious diarrheal disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella. […] Shigellosis is an acute infection with onset of symptoms. In particular, it causes watery diarrhea usually occurring within 24 to 48 hours of ingestion of the etiologic agent. […] Infection may be mild or asymptomatic. Illness can range from mild watery diarrhea to severe inflammatory bacillary dysentery or shigellosis. Symptoms include: watery or bloody diarrhoea, which may contain mucus, severe abdominal cramps, tenesmus, fever and malaise, nausea and vomiting. […] Occasionally, it can lead to complications, such as: severe dehydration due to persistent diarrhea, which could lead to shock and death if not treated early, seizures, especially in young children, though it is not known if the convulsions are a result of the fever or the Shigella infection itself, Reiter’s syndrome, which is associated with S. flexneri, also known as reactive arthritis or post-infectious arthritis, characterized by the classic triad of conjunctivitis, urethritis and arthritis, bloodstream infections, which are most common among patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV, cancer, or severe malnutrition, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which has been linked to Shiga toxin, a potent cytotoxin produced by S. dysenteriae that can also cause other neurotoxic effects, toxic megacolon, a rare complication occurs when colon becomes paralyzed, preventing a bowel movement or passing gas.

• #2 Shigella: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-shigella

  Shigella is a group of bacteria that causes shigellosis, a type of food poisoning. The infection can cause belly pain, fever, and watery or bloody diarrhea. You may feel a sharp cramp in your stomach and lower belly area. […] The main symptom is diarrhea. The stools may be bloody or contain mucus. Other symptoms you or your child may get include: Nausea, Vomiting, Fever, Cramping in your stomach and belly (abdominal) area, Tenesmus (the feeling that you need to go to the bathroom even when there is nothing left in your intestines). […] For people with mild cases, you can expect your symptoms to clear up without drugs in a week. […] But shigellosis can be worse on seniors, infants, or people who have chronic illnesses that have weakened their immune systems (HIV, for example). […] You should call your doctor if you have: Severe diarrhea, especially if you spot blood or mucus, A fever, Signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, dry lips, or lightheadedness.

• #2 Shigellosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182767-overview

  Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) may complicate infections with Shigella species and Escherichia coli, and it carries a mortality of over 50%. […] Neurologic complications associated with Shigella infection may arise, of which seizures are the most common. These tend to be generalized seizures. […] In addition to seizures, other neurologic findings have been described in up to 40% of children hospitalized with Shigella infection, including encephalopathy with lethargy, confusion, and headache.

• #2

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/shigella-bacteria-symptoms-causes-what-is-it/

  Symptoms of a shigella infection include watery or loose stools. The incubation period is 12-96 hours after exposure. Symptoms usually start one to two days after infection and can last up to seven days. […] In some cases, the symptoms can be more serious and include fever, stomach pain and cramps, and mucous-filled or bloody stools. Other reported symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache and malaise. […] „If you are having bloody diarrhea more than three times a day and not able to keep anything down, that is a good time to start thinking about going to the ER,” says Patel. […] In some cases, bowel habits (the frequency and consistency of stool) do not return to normal for several months, says the CDC.

• #2 Shigellosis

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/infectious-diseases/shigellosis

  Shigellosis is characterised by an acute onset of diarrhoea, fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. […] Shigellosis is characterised by an acute onset of diarrhoea, fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. Typically, the stools contain blood, mucus and pus, although some people will present with watery diarrhoea. Complications include toxic megacolon and reactive arthritis. Rarely, haemolytic uraemic syndrome can occur. The infectious dose required to produce disease is low and may be as few as 10 organisms. […] Illness is usually self-limited and lasts from several days to weeks, with an average of 4-7 days. The severity of infection depends on host factors such as age and nutritional status, as well as the serotype. Infections with S. sonnei usually result in a shorter clinical course and lower case-fatality rate. In contrast, S. dysenteriae is often associated with more serious disease and a higher case-fatality rate.

• #2 Shigella infection – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1174

  Shigella infection is easily spread by faecal-oral contact or by contaminated water or food. It usually presents as a mild, self-limiting diarrhoeal illness. […] Shigella dysenteriae is more common in low- and middle-income countries and causes a more severe illness with dysentery. S dysenteriae type 1 is a cause of haemolytic uraemic syndrome owing to its production of Shiga toxin. […] Key diagnostic factors include diarrhoea, cramping abdominal pain, fever, tenesmus, and abdominal pain or tenderness.

• #2 Shigellosis

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/diseases-a-z-list/diseases/shigellosis.html

  Most people who are infected with Shigella develop diarrhea, fever and stomach cramps a day or two after being exposed to the bacterium. The diarrhea is often bloody. Shigellosis usually resolves in five to seven days. […] A severe infection with high fever also may be associated with seizures in children younger than 2 years of age. Some persons who are infected may have no symptoms at all, but may still pass the Shigella bacteria to others. […] Persons with diarrhea usually recover completely, although it may be several months before their bowel habits are entirely normal. About 3 percent of persons who are infected with one type of Shigella (Shigella flexneri) will later develop pains in their joints, irritation of the eyes and painful urination. This is called Reiter’s syndrome and it can last for months or years, sometimes leading to chronic arthritis, which is difficult to treat. Reiter’s syndrome is caused by a reaction to Shigella infection that happens only in people who are genetically predisposed to it.

• #2 Shigella infection – including symptoms, treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/shigella+infection/shigella+infection+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Symptoms may include: […] Mild infections or infections without symptoms may occur. The most severe infections occur in the very young, the elderly and malnourished people. […] 1 to 7 days, usually 1 to 3 days. […] While symptoms are present and until Shigella are no longer present in the faeces (usually within 4 weeks after illness). […] Specific antibiotic therapy is available and will reduce the duration and severity of symptoms and the spread of infection. Gastroenteritis is a common illness which can be particularly serious in young children. […] Seek medical advice if any of the following symptoms occur. […] Signs of dehydration, such as thirst and decreased urination, lethargy, dry mouth, feeling faint on standing […] fever […] severe abdominal pain […] bloody diarrhoea. […] Signs of dehydration, such as thirst and decreased urination, lethargy, dry mouth, sunken eyes, feeling faint on standing […] fever […] abdominal pain […] bloody diarrhoea […] any symptoms in a child less than 12 months of age.

• #3 Shigellosis Fact Sheet

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/shigellosis/fact_sheet.htm

  Shigellosis is an intestinal (bowel) infection caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella. It causes diarrhea (loose stool/poop) in humans and spreads easily from person to person. […] People with shigellosis usually experience mild or severe diarrhea (loose stool/poop), sometimes with fever, stomach pain, and traces of blood or mucous in the stool. These symptoms usually last 5-7 days. Some infected people may not show any symptoms. The symptoms may appear one to seven days after exposure, but usually within one to two days.

• #3 Shigellosis (Shigella) Fact Sheet – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/shigellosis/shigella.html

  Symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, stomach cramps, and fever. […] Symptoms usually begin 1 to 3 days after being exposed to Shigella. […] Symptoms usually last about 5 to 7 days.

• #3 Shigellosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosis

  Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. […] The diarrhea may be bloody. […] Symptoms typically last five to seven days and it may take several months before bowel habits return entirely to normal. […] Complications can include reactive arthritis, sepsis, seizures, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. […] Signs and symptoms may range from mild abdominal discomfort to severe dysentery characterized by cramps, diarrhea, with slimy-consistent stools, fever, blood, pus, or mucus in stools or tenesmus. […] Onset time is 12 to 96 hours, and recovery takes 5 to 7 days. […] Infections are associated with mucosal ulceration, rectal bleeding, and drastic dehydration. Reactive arthritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome are possible sequelae that have been reported in the aftermath of shigellosis. […] The most common neurological symptom includes seizures. […] In most cases, the disease resolves within four to eight days without antibiotics. Severe infections may last three to six weeks.

• #3

  https://www.cbsnews.com/news/shigella-bacteria-symptoms-causes-what-is-it/

  Symptoms of a shigella infection include watery or loose stools. The incubation period is 12-96 hours after exposure. Symptoms usually start one to two days after infection and can last up to seven days. […] In some cases, the symptoms can be more serious and include fever, stomach pain and cramps, and mucous-filled or bloody stools. Other reported symptoms include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache and malaise. […] „If you are having bloody diarrhea more than three times a day and not able to keep anything down, that is a good time to start thinking about going to the ER,” says Patel. […] In some cases, bowel habits (the frequency and consistency of stool) do not return to normal for several months, says the CDC.

• #3 Shigellosis – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/shigellosis

  The disease usually resolves spontaneously in mild cases in 4 to 8 days, severe cases in 3 to 6 weeks. Significant dehydration and electrolyte loss with circulatory collapse and death occur mainly in adults with immunocompromise and children. […] In young children, onset is sudden, with fever, irritability or drowsiness, anorexia, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and distention, and tenesmus. Within 3 days, blood, pus, and mucus appear in the stools. The number of stools may increase to 20/day, and weight loss and dehydration become severe. If untreated, children may die in the first 12 days. If children survive, acute symptoms subside by the second week. […] Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may complicate shigellosis due to S. dysenteriae type 1 in children. HUS, if it occurs, develops about 7 days (but up to 3 weeks) after the first symptoms of shigellosis, when the diarrhea is resolving. HUS is signaled by the development of lethargy and decreasing urine output. […] Severe mucosal ulcerations may cause significant acute blood loss.

• #3 Gastroenteritis – shigellosis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/gastroenteritis-shigella

  Shigellosis is a bowel infection caused by Shigella bacteria. Common symptoms include diarrhoea that may contain blood, mucus or pus, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. […] Common symptoms include diarrhoea that may contain blood, mucus or pus, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. After incubating (bacteria multiplying) in the body for around one to three days, the infection causes the characteristic symptoms. These symptoms last for about four to seven days. […] The symptoms of shigellosis include: diarrhoea (which may contain traces of pus, mucus or blood), fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness when standing up. […] The symptoms of shigellosis may clear up after a week or so, but the person can have Shigella bacteria in their faeces for at least four weeks after the symptoms stop. Occasionally, a person may excrete the bacteria for months after the symptoms have stopped.

• #3 Shigellosis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/182767-overview

  Symptoms of shigellosis include the following: Acute bloody diarrhea, Abdominal cramping, Tenesmus, Urgency, Fever, Occasional vomiting, Dehydration. […] These symptoms are usually self-limiting and can last from 2 to 7 days. However, certain populations are at an increased risk of severe shigellosis infection, including children in daycare, incarcerated persons, international travelers, homosexual men, people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and those who live in crowded, unsanitary conditions. […] Postinfection carriage of shigellosis is generally less than 3-4 weeks. Mild cramps and diarrhea may continue for many days to weeks after treatment of the condition. […] Infection with Shigella species may be associated with extragastrointestinal complications. […] Bacteremia occurs primarily in malnourished children and carries a mortality of 20% as a result of renal failure, hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and shock.

• #3

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/Shigella-Infections.aspx

  A Shigella infection can cause mild watery or loose stools with no other symptoms, or it can be more serious, with fever, abdominal cramps or tenderness, crampy rectal pain (tenesmus), and mucous-filled and sometimes bloody stools. […] In most cases, Shigella infections run their course in 2 to 3 days. Occasionally, complications may develop, including bacteremia (bacteria in the blood), hemolytic uremic syndrome (a disorder characterized by kidney failure and anemia), and Reiter syndrome (painful urination, joint achiness).

• #3 Shigellosis: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/shigellosis

  Vomiting and diarrhea are symptoms of Shigella, so combating dehydration is important. […] Frequent bouts of watery diarrhea are the main symptom of shigellosis. Abdominal cramping, nausea, and vomiting may also occur. Many people who have shigellosis also have either blood or mucus in their stool, and they may run a fever. […] Symptoms usually begin within 12 days of coming in contact with Shigella. In some cases, symptoms of infection may appear in as little as 12 hours after contact. […] Diarrhea and other signs of shigellosis usually last between 5-7 days. Mild infection lasting a couple of days may not require treatment. […] It’s critical to stay hydrated in between bouts of diarrhea. Call your doctor if you have diarrhea for longer than 3 days. This is very important, especially if you can’t keep down food or water. Dehydration is a real danger associated with shigellosis.

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