Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What is Ichthyosis? Definition & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ichthyosis

  Ichthyosis refers to a group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red. The symptoms can range from mild to severe. […] The outlook for people with ichthyosis varies depending on the type of the disease and how severe it is. Most people with ichthyosis need treatment for life to help make the disease more manageable. […] The symptoms of ichthyosis can range from mild to severe. The most common symptoms include dry skin, itching, redness of the skin, cracking of the skin, and scales on the skin that are white, gray, or brown and have the following appearance: small and flaky, large, dark, plate-like scales, hard, armor-like scales. […] Depending on the type of ichthyosis, other symptoms may include blisters that can break, leading to wounds, hair loss or fragile hair, dry eyes and difficulty closing eyelids, inability to perspire (sweat) because skin scales clog the sweat glands, difficulty hearing, thickening of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, tightening of the skin, and difficulty flexing some joints.

• #2 What is Ichthyosis? Definition & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ichthyosis/basics/symptoms-causes

  Ichthyosis refers to a group of skin disorders that lead to dry, itchy skin that appears scaly, rough, and red. The symptoms can range from mild to severe. […] The outlook for people with ichthyosis varies depending on the type of the disease and how severe it is. Most people with ichthyosis need treatment for life to help make the disease more manageable. […] The symptoms of ichthyosis can range from mild to severe. The most common symptoms include dry skin, itching, redness of the skin, cracking of the skin, and scales on the skin that are white, gray, or brown and have various appearances. Depending on the type of ichthyosis, other symptoms may include blisters that can break, leading to wounds, hair loss or fragile hair, dry eyes and difficulty closing eyelids, inability to perspire because skin scales clog the sweat glands, difficulty hearing, thickening of the skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, tightening of the skin, and difficulty flexing some joints.

• #3 Ichthyosis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ichthyosis/

  The main symptom of ichthyosis is very dry, scaly skin that may also be thick and rough. […] The symptoms are often there from birth, but they can also appear after a few months or years. Sometimes the symptoms appear later in life because of another health condition, or from taking certain medicines. […] Ichthyosis can sometimes have more severe symptoms, including: blistered skin, a thin yellow, shiny layer on the skin at birth that dries out and flakes off, hair loss, tight skin which can make moving the affected area painful, skin infections, sweating less, which can lead to overheating, problems with hearing or eyesight. […] Most types of ichthyosis cannot be cured, but there are treatments to help the symptoms. […] For more severe ichthyosis symptoms treatment can also include: antibiotics to treat or prevent skin infections, retinoid tablets or creams to help improve the appearance of scaly skin. […] If the ichthyosis symptoms are caused by another health condition or medicine, treating the condition or changing the medicine can improve the symptoms.

• #4 Ichthyosis: Types, Symptoms, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-ichthyosis

  White, gray, or brown scales […] Extra lines on the hands and feet that may be deep or even crack […] Rough and bumpy skin on the arms, thighs, and butt that may look like acne (keratosis pilaris) […] Trouble sweating […] Other, more severe signs of ichthyosis are: […] Skin redness […] Blisters that can break to cause wounds […] Peeling […] Itchiness […] Pain […] Lines on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet […] Tight skin that makes it hard to move […] Hair loss or hair that breaks easily […] Dry eyes that are hard to close […] Trouble hearing […] Trouble bending your joints […] Many people with ichthyosis also have eczema, a red, itchy rash. Ichthyosis usually shows up in babies or young kids before age 5. Symptoms may get worse until a child reaches puberty. Sometimes, it can get better with age. Your symptoms will depend on how severe your disease is and what’s causing it. It usually doesn’t go away, and you may need treatment to help with symptoms all your life.

• #5 Ichthyosis: Types, Symptoms, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/what-is-ichthyosis

  […] […] Ichthyosis progression […] Ichthyosis usually shows up in infancy or early childhood. If both of your parents have a mutation that can cause it, you’re likely to have a more serious condition than if only one of them has it. Sometimes, ichthyosis is genetic without being inherited. This can happen when a new mutation comes up in a developing fetus. In this case, the baby won’t have enough of a protein (filaggrin) they need for their outer skin layer. They also won’t shed dead skin cells the way they should. […] Ichthyosis usually shows up in babies or young kids before age 5. Symptoms may get worse until a child reaches puberty. Sometimes, it can get better with age. Your symptoms will depend on how severe your disease is and what’s causing it. It usually doesn’t go away, and you may need treatment to help with symptoms all your life.

• #6 Ichthyosis vulgaris: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ichthyosis-vulgaris-symptoms

  This type of ichthyosis often begins in childhood. Most children have normal skin at birth. Between 3 months and 5 years of age is when parents usually notice changes to their child’s skin. Sometimes, these changes begin when the child is younger or older. […] When the changes begin, parents may notice one or more of the following: […] Dry skin: A mild case of ichthyosis vulgaris can be mistaken for dry skin. […] Scales: These tend to be white, gray, or brown. The edges often curl, making the skin feel rough. You’ll usually see scales on one or more of these areas fronts of the legs, backs of the arms, scalp, back, or belly. Scales can develop on other areas, too, but tend to skip the armpits, creases of the elbows, backs of the knees, and the diaper area. […] Thickened skin: This tends to be most noticeable on the palms and soles. The thickened skin can look dirty.

• #7 Ichthyosis vulgaris: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ichthyosis-vulgaris-symptoms

  Some adults notice changes to their skin before they are diagnosed with a condition like kidney disease, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Signs and symptoms of ichthyosis can also begin years after the person is diagnosed with a disease like HIV or cancer. […] In some children, the scale becomes more noticeable until the child reaches puberty and then it lessens. It’s also possible for the signs and symptoms to disappear for a while and return during the teenage years. […] The disease can also return later in life when the person is an adult. […] The signs and symptoms tend to worsen in the winter when the air is cold and dry. During hot and humid weather, ichthyosis vulgaris may be barely noticeable or fade completely.

• #8 Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21069-ichthyosis-vulgaris

  Ichthyosis vulgaris symptoms can be mild to very bothersome. […] Your skin can look or feel: Bumpy (keratosis pilaris), Chapped, Cracked or split, Dry, Itchy, Rough, Thick, Scaly. […] Its common to have white, gray or brown scales on the front of your legs, back of your arms, scalp, back or stomach. If scales appear on your face, its mostly on your forehead and cheeks. […] The symptoms of ichthyosis vulgaris often flare up in the winter and improve in the summer. […] Ichthyosis vulgaris can be annoying, but it rarely affects overall health and doesnt shorten your lifespan. […] The prognosis is usually excellent, particularly with genetic forms. Inherited ichthyosis vulgaris often improves or disappears over time. The outlook for acquired forms of the condition depends on the underlying disease.

• #9 Ichthyosis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthyosis

  Ichthyosis is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive, autosomal or X-linked). […] The severity of symptoms can vary enormously, from the mildest, most common, types such as ichthyosis vulgaris, which may be mistaken for normal dry skin, up to life-threatening conditions such as harlequin-type ichthyosis. Ichthyosis vulgaris accounts for more than 95% of cases. […] Ichthyosis has been found to be more common in Native American, Asian, Mongolian groups. There is no way to prevent ichthyosis. […] Ichthyosis is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease that can be isolated and restricted to the skin manifestations or associated with extracutaneous symptoms, one of which is limb reduction defect known as CHILD syndrome, a rare inborn error of metabolism of cholesterol biosynthesis that is usually restricted to one side of the body.

• #10 Ichthyosis vulgaris: Signs and symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ichthyosis-vulgaris-symptoms

  Many lines on the palms and soles: If the ichthyosis is severe, you may see deep cracks on the palms and soles. An infection may develop in the deep cracks. […] Itchy skin: The itch is often caused by dry skin. […] Rough bumps on the skin: These bumps can be mistaken for acne and usually develop on the arms, thighs, and buttocks. Many people who do not have ichthyosis get this. The medical name for this condition is keratosis pilaris. […] Unable to sweat enough: If the ichthyosis is very severe, a child (or adult) may not be able to sweat normally. Being aware of this can prevent the person from overheating. […] When ichthyosis vulgaris begins in adults, a disease or medicine is often the cause. While the cause is different in adults, the signs and symptoms are the same as in children.

• #11 Get Ichthyosis Vulgaris Treatment Online – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/dermatology/ichthyosis-vulgaris

  Rough bumps on the skin that can resemble acne, usually develop on the arms, thighs and buttocks. This condition is called keratosis pilaris, and its common even in people who do not have ichthyosis vulgaris. […] Inability to sweat normally in very severe cases can cause overheating. Some people develop excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). […] Asthma and atopic dermatitis (eczema) are present in up to 80% of people affected by ichthyosis vulgaris. […] Hay fever and hives can develop in children with ichthyosis vulgaris.

• #12 Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/harlequin-ichthyosis

  Babies born with harlequin ichthyosis have plates of hard, thick skin that crack and split apart. […] When an infant is born with the condition, their body is covered with plates of hard, thick skin that crack and split apart. These diamond-shaped plates can pull at and distort your babys facial features, affecting the shape of their ears, eyelids, nose and mouth. The disease can also limit the movements of your babys arms and legs and restrict their eating and breathing. […] Your baby may experience dehydration and develop life-threatening infections in their first few weeks of life. After the newborn period, the plates shed, and your babys skin develops widespread redness and scales. […] Harlequin ichthyosis is the most severe kind of ichthyosis, a skin disease with more than 20 types, including lamellar ichthyosis and ichthyosis vulgaris.

• #13 Harlequin Ichthyosis: Survival Rate, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_is_life_expectancy_for_harlequin_ichthyosis/article_em.htm

  Several children with harlequin ichthyosis have lived to their teenage years, and several more have lived into their 20s. While life expectancy for harlequin ichthyosis has improved, the mortality rate is still high, about 50% worldwide. […] Harlequin ichthyosis is a rare genetic disorder that affects the skin. Newborn infants are covered with plates of thick skin that crack and split apart, that can pull at and distort facial features and can inhibit breathing and eating. […] Symptoms of harlequin ichthyosis include: Thick plate-like scales of skin covering the body in infants. The tightness of the skin may severely restrict the chest and abdomen, making it difficult to breathe and eat. […] Common causes of death in affected newborns include respiratory failure, fulminant sepsis, or a combination of both.

• #14 Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/harlequin-ichthyosis

  Babies with harlequin ichthyosis are typically born prematurely. When theyre born, their bodies are covered in thick, platelike scales of skin. Skin tightness causes the scales to form deep cracks (fissures). The tightness also pulls the skin around your babys eyes and mouth, causing their eyelids and lips to turn inside out. It also pulls on the skin of your babys chest and abdomen, making it difficult to breathe and eat. Other symptoms may include: […] Complications of harlequin ichthyosis may range in severity and include: […] Harlequin ichthyosis is a long-term (chronic) condition thatll need lifetime care. […] In addition to skin issues, your child may develop stiff knuckles and thick fingers, which can make it hard for them to grip objects. They may also have stiff ankles and knees, making it difficult to walk. Your child may experience a delay in their physical growth and development. But their mental development should be typical.

• #15 Harlequin Ichthyosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-harlequin-ichthyosis

  Babies with harlequin ichthyosis are born with a thick casing of hardened skin all over their bodies. The casing cracks, leading to cuts, called fissures, which go all the way through the baby’s skin. These cracks divide their skin into plate-like patches of thickened skin that look like scales or armor. The casing slowly falls off during the first few weeks, and more flexible skin replaces it. […] The main symptom in older children and adults is red, scaly skin that will always need special care. Other symptoms can include: […] As babies get older, their symptoms can change, and new symptoms can develop. Harlequin ichthyosis isn’t as dangerous once the thick casing you’re born with falls off, but it is a serious chronic health condition. […] People with harlequin ichthyosis can easily get skin and other infections.

• #16 Harlequin Ichthyosis: Definition, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prognosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/harlequin-ichthyosis

  Children with Harlequin ichthyosis may experience a delay in physical development. But their mental development is usually on track with other children their age. […] They may also have sparse or thin hair as a result of scales on the scalp, unusual facial features due to stretched skin, reduced hearing from a buildup of scales in the ears, problems with finger movement due to tight skin, thick fingernails, recurring skin infections, overheating due to scales that interfere with sweating. […] Harlequin ichthyosis is a chronic disease that will always require careful monitoring, skin protection, and topical treatments. But children with a Harlequin ichthyosis diagnosis in recent years have a much better outlook than those born in previous decades.

• #17 Lamellar ichthyosis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/lamellar-ichthyosis

  Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a rare skin condition. It appears at birth and continues throughout life. […] Many babies with LI are born with a clear, shiny, waxy layer of skin called a collodion membrane. For this reason, these babies are known as collodion babies. The membrane sheds within the first 2 weeks of life. The skin underneath the membrane is red and scaly resembling the surface of a fish. […] With LI, the outer layer of skin called the epidermis cannot protect the body like the healthy epidermis can. As a result, a baby with LI may have the following health problems: Difficulty in feeding, Loss of fluid (dehydration), Loss of balance of minerals in the body (electrolyte imbalance), Breathing problems, Body temperature that is not stable, Skin or body-wide infections. […] Older children and adults with LI may have these symptoms: Giant scales that cover most of the body, Decreased ability to sweat, causing sensitivity to heat, Hair loss, Abnormal finger and toenails, Skin of the palms and soles is thickened.

• #18

  https://perfectimage.com/blogs/condition/lamellar-ichthyosis?srsltid=AfmBOoqwLxqaaqb9hSjabG2TF-R2qqxCd6XEcErpU8oycuxli5R33lqV

  Lamellar ichthyosis is a rare skin disorder characterized by thick, plate-like scales covering the body. It often presents significant challenges in both identification and management from birth through progression in life. […] Newborns with lamellar ichthyosis are often encased in a thin, shiny, and tight membrane called a collodion membrane. This membrane eventually sheds, revealing red and scaly skin underneath. The skin tends to be dry and rough. Ectropion is common, where the lower eyelids turn outward, and lip eversion can affect feeding. Dehydration may occur due to increased water loss through the affected skin. […] As the child grows, the scales may become more pronounced. The body usually remains covered with thick, dark scales, particularly on the face, scalp, and trunk. Erythroderma, or widespread redness, often persists. Hair loss and nail dystrophy may also develop over time. Ectropion and lip eversion can persist or worsen, potentially impacting vision and eating. Constant skin care is crucial to manage these symptoms and improve quality of life.

• #19 What is Ichthyosis? Definition & Causes | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/ichthyosis

  Erythrokeratodermia variabilis usually develops a few months after birth and progresses during childhood. The skin can develop rough, thick or reddened areas of skin, usually on the face, buttocks, or limbs. The affected areas can spread on the skin over time. […] Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma usually appears in childhood with dry, red, scaly skin primarily on the limbs, buttocks, face, ankles, and wrists.

• #20 Ichthyosis vulgaris

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/ichthyosis-vulgaris

  Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterised by excessive dry, scaly skin. […] Symptoms vary in severity and tend to be less severe in a warm, humid climate. […] Ichthyosis vulgaris is usually not present at birth. Most often it appears after about 2 months and in most cases before the age of 5. Symptoms may worsen up to puberty, and sometimes improve with age. […] Dry scaly skin (xerosis) affects the extensor aspect of the limbs, scalp, central face and trunk. Skin folds are usually spared (neck, armpits, elbow and knee creases). There may be chapping (painful fissuring) of palms and soles. […] Ichthyosis vulgaris is associated with keratosis pilaris (follicular hyperkeratosis) and hyperlinearity (pronounced skin lines) of palms and soles. […] Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is present in 50% of people with ichthyosis vulgaris (and 8% of those with atopic eczema have the features of ichthyosis vulgaris). When atopic dermatitis is associated with severe ichthyosis vulgaris, the dermatitis tends to be early in onset, severe, and more likely to persist into adult life. There is also an increased risk of asthma, rhinitis and food allergy.

• #21 Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/ichthyosis-vulgaris

  Ichthyosis vulgaris is an inherited or acquired skin condition that occurs when the skin doesnt shed its dead skin cells. […] Symptoms of ichthyosis vulgaris include: flaky scalp, itchy skin, polygon-shaped scales on the skin, scales that are brown, gray, or white, severely dry skin, thickened skin. […] Symptoms of ichthyosis vulgaris are typically worse in winter, when the air is colder and drier. The patches of dry skin typically appear on the elbows and lower legs. It most often affects the shins in thick, dark segments. In severe cases, ichthyosis vulgaris may also cause deep, painful cracks to develop on the soles of the feet or palms of the hands. […] Ichthyosis vulgaris may be present at birth or appear in the first few years of a childs life. It typically disappears during early childhood. Some people may never have symptoms again. But for others, it can return during adulthood. […] Theres currently no cure for ichthyosis vulgaris. However, treatment can help you manage your symptoms.

• #22 Ichthyosis vulgaris: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001451.htm

  Ichthyosis vulgaris is a skin disorder passed down through families that leads to dry, scaly skin. […] Ichthyosis vulgaris is one of the most common inherited skin disorders. It may begin in early childhood. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. That means if you have the condition, your child has a 50% chance of getting the gene from you. […] Symptoms may include any of the following: Dry skin, severe; Scaly skin (scales); Possible skin thickening; Mild itching of the skin. […] The dry, scaly skin is usually most severe on the legs. But it can also involve the arms, hands, and middle of the body. People with this condition may also have many fine lines on their palms. […] In infants, the skin changes usually appear in the first year of life. Early on, the skin is only slightly rough, but by the time a baby is about 3 months old, they begin appearing on the shins and back of the arms. […] Ichthyosis vulgaris can be bothersome, but it rarely affects your overall health. The condition usually disappears during adulthood but may return years later as people age.

• #23 Ichthyosis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/584

  Ichthyosis is a descriptive term for dry, scaly skin. […] Inherited congenital ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders. Clinically they are characterized by a wide range of severity, from isolated skin involvement to multiorgan disease. […] Acquired ichthyosis develops later in life and can be associated with systemic conditions (e.g., lymphoma, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus) or medications. […] Newborns with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis may be covered with a taut membrane (collodion baby). Management is with aggressive hydration using a humidified chamber and topical lubrication. […] The underlying defect, mode of inheritance, character, and extent of scaling differ among the various types. […] Ichthyosis can also be acquired as a result of underlying diseases or use of certain medications.

• #24 All about ichthyosis: causes, symptoms and treatments

  https://www.dexeryl.com/en/your-skin/ichthyosis

  Ichthyosis is a rare genetic skin disease characterised by very dry skin and a fish-scale appearance. […] Ichthyosis is a dermatological condition characterised by: Very dry and rough skin, Significant shedding, i.e. removal of the surface layers of the skin in the form of small flakes, Hyperkeratosis, which is a thickening of the skin. […] The severity of clinical signs varies: the upper body, arms and legs are the most affected areas, but symptoms can affect the whole body. It is a chronic disease, meaning that the symptoms are permanent. […] Acquired ichthyosis usually appears in adulthood and can be generalised or localised. It is characterised by thin, dry and rough skin, scattered with flakes. […] Patients suffering from ichthyosis tend to not sweat and are, therefore, more sensitive to external conditions (temperature, dryness, humidity) and have difficulty adapting to seasonal changes. […] Ichthyosis, when it affects the hands, can cause a decrease in the precision of certain gestures. In severe forms, it can often cause cracks on the soles of the feet, causing pain when walking.

• #25 What Is Acquired Ichthyosis?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/acquired-ichthyosis-vulgaris-2860934

  Ichthyosis represents a group of skin disorders that cause dry, scaly, or thick skin. […] Acquired ichthyosis symptoms are often very similar to those of hereditary ichthyosis. Typical symptoms include: Areas of rough, dry skin […] Scales are most common on the elbows and lower legs. Scales in these regions may also be thicker than other areas of the body on which they appear. Symptoms tend to be worse in cold, dry environments and may improve in warmer, humid climates. […] The severity of acquired ichthyosis usually depends on the underlying condition present. As the systemic condition is treated, the ichthyosis generally improves.

• #26 Ichthyosis vulgaris: Diagnosis and treatment

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ichthyosis-vulgaris-treatment

  A dermatologist can often diagnose ichthyosis vulgaris by looking at a patients skin. […] There is no cure for inherited ichthyosis vulgaris. Treatment focuses on reducing the scale and dry skin. […] If the ichthyosis is severe and fails to improve with baths, moisturizer, and scale remover, your dermatologist can prescribe medicine. […] For people who have the inherited type, the outlook is excellent. Most have a normal lifespan. Ichthyosis vulgaris also can become less serious with age. Most people, however, need to continue treating their skin for life. […] To improve acquired ichthyosis vulgaris, you must also treat the disease that triggered the ichthyosis. If the disease can be cured, the ichthyosis may go away. If a medicine triggered the ichthyosis, reducing the dose often gets rid of the ichthyosis.

• #27 Ichthyosis – Dr. Colin Hong

  https://www.drcolinhong.com/ichthyosis/

  Ichthyosis is a chronic condition that can lead to several complications, depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some of the potential complications of ichthyosis may include: Skin infections: Dry, cracked skin can make it easier for bacteria, viruses, and fungi to enter the body, leading to skin infections. Overheating: Thickened skin can make it harder for the body to regulate temperature, leading to overheating and dehydration. Social and emotional challenges: The visible skin changes associated with ichthyosis can cause emotional distress and social challenges, particularly for children and adolescents. Vision and hearing problems: In some rare types of ichthyosis, thickened skin can affect the eyes and ears, leading to vision and hearing problems. Joint problems: In some cases, the thickened skin associated with ichthyosis can limit joint mobility and cause joint pain or stiffness. Difficulty breathing: In rare cases, severe forms of ichthyosis can lead to breathing difficulties due to the thickened skin around the chest and lungs. […] Overall, the potential complications of ichthyosis highlight the importance of early diagnosis and proper management of the condition. With ongoing medical care and support, individuals living with ichthyosis can manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.

• #28 Harlequin Ichthyosis (HI): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/harlequin-ichthyosis

  Despite advances in the treatment of harlequin ichthyosis, many infants still die from the condition. In one study, 44% of babies born with the condition died. In the first three months of life, the most common causes of death were sepsis, respiratory failure or a combination of both. […] But early introduction of oral retinoids may help increase the survival rate. In the same study, 83% of babies that were treated with oral retinoids survived.

• #29 Ichthyosis, causes, symptoms and treatments,

  https://www.centrethermalavene.com/en/your-skin/ichtyosis

  Ichthyosis is a monogenic genetic disease characterised by abnormally dry skin that sheds, giving an appearance like fish scales. […] The most common and least severe type is ichthyosis vulgaris which occurs after the age of 6 months or in adults. It gives the skin a greyish appearance, and it is very dry with fine scales except in large folds. […] From the earliest days of infancy, patients suffer from dry skin, including the face and scalp. Scalp involvement leads to abundant dandruff. The formation of cracks over the joints leads to difficulties in motor skills. The epidermis no longer exerts its protective function. Patients are more prone to infections. A build-up of flakes can cause a hearing disorder. Frequent eversion of the lower eyelids (ectropion) causes ocular discomfort. The unsightly nature of ichthyosis has psychological repercussions. Patients may feel negatively about how others see them. This leads to a feeling of exclusion and low self-esteem. All acts of daily living are complicated.

• #30 How Ichthyosis Can Affect Mental Health—And How We Can Address It

  https://practicaldermatology.com/topics/rare-disease/how-ichthyosis-can-affect-mental-health-and-how-we-can-address-it/24029/

  In addition to physical symptoms, individuals with ichthyosis can experience social challenges due to looking different from others. This quality-of-life impact can contribute to a common set of mental health symptoms. […] Among adults diagnosed with any form of ichthyosis, 34.4% screened positive for depression and 27.3% screened positive for anxiety.1 Among children diagnosed with any form of ichthyosis, 30.2% screened positive for depression and 37.7% screened positive for anxiety.1 […] The high prevalence of depression and anxiety in individuals with ichthyosis underscores the need for clinicians to provide depression and anxiety screening regularly to those affected with ichthyosis. […] As therapies for most forms of ichthyosis remain under development the mental health burden in ichthyosis may be alleviated at a slower rate compared to other skin diseases.

• #31 Ichthyosis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/ichthyosis-a-to-z

  Most cases of ichthyosis have a genetic basis and wills last a lifetime. Sometimes, adult onset ichthyosis occurs in association with a disease, and if the disease can be treated, the ichthyosis may go away. In most people, symptoms can be controlled. […] With continued effective treatment and good advice about skin care, ichthyosis is usually very manageable. Some forms of ichthyosis improve after childhood. Rare forms of ichthyosis can be life-threatening, even in infancy, if skin problems are severe or if the condition is associated with serious disease in other parts of the body.

• #32 Ichthyosis 2 (Golden Retriever Type) – Animal Genetics

  https://animalgenetics.com/dog-tests/canine-disorder-tests/447-ich/

  Ichthyosis is an autosomal recessive genetic mutation that affects the skin of Golden Retrievers. The mutation prevents the outer layer of the epidermis from forming properly, resulting in skin that becomes darkened and thick with excessive flaking. […] The most common symptom of ICH-A is excessive flaking of the skin. Other symptoms include areas of hardened skin and hyperpigmentation, which may make the skin appear dirty or blackened. Symptoms can be mild or severe. Evidence of the disease may be detected when the dog is still a puppy, but symptoms may take a year or more to develop. Additionally, symptoms can improve or worsen, depending on stress and hormonal cycles. […] ICH-A is unfortunately quite common in Golden Retrievers, but can be identified with a simple DNA test. A dog with ICH-A would need to inherit the mutation from both parents, as the mutation is autosomal recessive. Because ICH is a recessive disorder, a dog must have two copies of the mutation in order for the disease to manifest. This means that a dog can have one copy of the mutation and not experience any signs or symptoms of ICH. This dog would be known as a carrier. The carrier can then pass on either the normal gene or the mutated gene to any offspring. If two carriers are bred, there is a 25% per puppy that they will develop symptoms of ICH.

• #33 Congenital Ichthyosis 1 and 2 in Golden Retrievers | Veterinary Genetics Laboratory

  https://vgl.ucdavis.edu/test/congenital-ichthyosis-1-and-2-golden-retrievers

  Congenital ichthyosis is a skin condition in which the outer layer of the skin does not form properly and results in scaling. The condition often progresses to large patches of thickened, black, scaly skin. […] A skin condition that results in a mild to moderate and in some cases severe scaling of the skin, usually excluding the head, extremities, paw pads, and nose. Scales become pigmented, progressing to gray or black, and range in size from small to large. These scales may give the dogs hair and skin a dirty look as the scales progress to a darker color. […] Symptoms of a breed-specific ichthyosis include mild to moderate, and in some cases severe, generalized scaling on the body, usually excluding the head, extremities, paw pads, and nose. The scales are initially a whitish color but becomes pigmented, progressing to gray or black, and they range in size from small to large.

• #34 Ichthyosis in Dogs | VCA Animal Hospitals

  https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/ichthyosis-in-dogs

  Ichthyosis is a very rare skin condition in dogs that is the result of a genetic mutation. The mutation prevents the outer layer of skin from developing properly. Affected skin is rough and covered with thick, greasy flakes that stick to the hair. The term ichthyosis comes from the Greek word for fish because the skin of these dogs resembles fish scales. In addition to the flakes and scales on the body, there may be areas of thickened skin with increased pigment, as well as thickening of the footpads. […] Ichthyosis is chronic and there is no cure. Once a dog is diagnosed with ichthyosis, the symptoms may be controlled with frequently applied medicated shampoos and rinses to control the itching and to maintain both skin hydration and skin barrier function. The disease worsens with age and some dogs are more severely affected than others. Unfortunately, severely affected dogs may ultimately be euthanized due to their disease.

• #35 Ichthyosis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Ichthyosis/

  Ichthyosis means 'fish scale’, and is the name of a group of genetic skin diseases that cause dry, scaly, thickened skin. […] Symptoms of ichthyosis include thick, scaly, dry and cracked skin. If your child has ichthyosis, their skin may appear normal at birth, but then gradually dry out and become scaly. Symptoms usually appear by the age of five years. […] Most children with ichthyosis have a mild form of the condition, with few effects on their general health and wellbeing. In some children ichthyosis is very severe and affects the entire skin surface or causes blisters. […] There is no known cure for ichthyosis, but with careful management and depending on the severity of the disease, a child with ichthyosis is usually able to live a full, happy life.

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