Ichtyoza
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Ichtyoza to grupa chorób skóry charakteryzujących się zaburzeniami rogowacenia, których przebieg i rokowanie zależą od podtypu i nasilenia objawów. Diagnostyka molekularna jest kluczowa dla określenia rokowania oraz poradnictwa genetycznego. Wrodzone formy, takie jak ichtyoza pospolita (RXLI) cechują się dobrym rokowaniem i normalną długością życia, natomiast ciężkie postacie, np. ichtyoza harlekin (HI) związana z mutacjami w genie ABCA12, niosą wysokie ryzyko zagrażających życiu powikłań. Fenotyp noworodka kolodionowego występuje w 70-90% przypadków AR wrodzonej ichtyozy i wymaga intensywnej opieki podtrzymującej, w tym nawodnienia dożylnego i zapobiegania infekcjom. Zespół KID, spowodowany mutacjami w genie GJB2, ma ciężki przebieg i złe rokowanie, szczególnie przy mutacjach p.Gly45Glu, p.Ser17Phe i p.Ala88Val. W późniejszym życiu dominują objawy takie jak świąd, ektropion i anhidroza, a leczenie opiera się na emolientach, keratolitykach i doustnych retinoidach.

Prognoza Ichtyozy

Ichtyoza stanowi grupę chorób skóry charakteryzujących się zaburzeniami rogowacenia, których przebieg i rokowanie zależą od podtypu choroby i nasilenia objawów. Rozpoznanie molekularne jest kluczowe dla określenia rokowania oraz zapewnienia odpowiedniego poradnictwa genetycznego.12 Wspólną cechą wszystkich typów ichtyozy jest dożywotnie utrzymywanie się różnych problemów skórnych, a w ciężkich postaciach – znaczna chorobowość i dyskomfort wpływający również na krewnych i rodziny pacjentów.3

Prognoza w poszczególnych typach ichtyozy

Ichtyoza pospolita (Ichthyosis vulgaris)

Rokowanie w przypadku ichtyozy pospolitej jest zwykle doskonałe, szczególnie w formach genetycznych. Dziedziczona ichtyoza pospolita często ulega poprawie lub zanika z czasem. Rzadko wpływa na ogólny stan zdrowia i nie skraca długości życia.4 Rokowanie w przypadku nabytych form schorzenia zależy od choroby podstawowej.5 Ichtyoza pospolita ma najlepsze rokowanie spośród wszystkich wariantów choroby.6

Recesywna ichtyoza sprzężona z chromosomem X (RXLI)

RXLI stanowi łagodną formę ichtyozy. Choroba utrzymuje się przez całe życie, ale hiperkeratoza i łuszczenie mogą się poprawiać z wiekiem. Oczekiwana długość życia jest normalna.7

Noworodek kolodionowy

Fenotyp noworodka kolodionowego występuje w około 70-90% przypadków autosomalnie recesywnej wrodzonej ichtyozy i stanowi ważną jednostkę noworodkowej erytrodermii. Choć badania genetyczne są ważnym narzędziem w diagnostyce ichtyozy, wynik kliniczny po tym ciężkim stanie jest zmienny i zwykle nie można go dokładnie przewidzieć przy urodzeniu.8 Wyniku klinicznego noworodka kolodionowego nie zawsze można dokładnie przewidzieć na podstawie nasilenia obrazu klinicznego przy urodzeniu; dlatego badania genetyczne są niezbędne.9

Ichtyoza harlekin (HI)

Noworodek z ichtyozą harlekin (HI) rodzi się z zagrażającym życiu fenotypem skórnym, charakteryzującym się masywnie pogrubiałą skórą ze znacznie uszkodzoną barierą skórną podatną na infekcje i utratę wody, wymagającą intensywnej opieki.10 Biologia ichtyozy harlekin, ciężkiego zaburzenia skóry spowodowanego mutacjami utraty funkcji w genie ABCA12, jest słabo poznana, a do tej pory nie opracowano zadowalającego leczenia.11

Nowsze badania zidentyfikowały zdysregulowane szlaki w skórze HI, które są potencjalnymi celami terapeutycznymi. Potencjalna kluczowa rola szlaku sygnałowego JAK/STAT w HI została ujawniona poprzez odkrycie obniżonej regulacji inhibitorów STAT – SOCS1 i SOCS3 oraz podwyższonej regulacji czynnika transkrypcyjnego STAT1 i powiązanych celów w skórze HI.12 Wyniki te, wraz z dostępną literaturą, sugerują, że leki ukierunkowane na NOS2 lub szlak JAK/STAT1 mogą być korzystne w leczeniu pacjentów z HI i poprawie ich jakości życia.13

Zespół KID (Keratosis-Ichthyosis-Deafness)

Zespół KID jest rzadką formą ichtyozy spowodowaną mutacjami w genie GJB2 kodującym białko połączeń szczelinowych – koneksynę 26 (Cx26). W literaturze opisano łącznie 9 rodzin z letalną formą zespołu KID. Ciężki przebieg kliniczny śmiertelnego zespołu KID sugeruje wadliwą barierę skórną dla mikroorganizmów, ale dokładne mechanizmy pozostają do wyjaśnienia.14 Mutacje p.Gly45Glu, p.Ser17Phe i p.Ala88Val wydają się przewidywać złe rokowanie w tej chorobie.15

Rokowanie dla różnych podtypów choroby

W zależności od podstawowego genotypu, intensywność choroby waha się od łagodnej do ciężkiej, w tym drugim przypadku znacznie obniżając jakość życia pacjentów. Jedynie w rzadkich przypadkach występują zagrożenia życia, na przykład u noworodków z ichtyozą harlekin (HI), ichtyozą epidermolityczną (EI) i niektórymi typami ichtyozy zespołowej.16 W późniejszym życiu występują mniej poważne, ale bardziej powszechne powikłania, takie jak świąd, ektropion i anhidroza. Często wymagana jest staranna opieka medyczna, w tym doustna terapia retinoidami. Jednak zdecydowana większość pacjentów z ichtyozą ma jedynie łagodne lub umiarkowane objawy skórne, które są łatwo kontrolowane przez codzienne stosowanie kremów.17

Rokowanie we wrodzonej ichtyozie jest złe, z różnymi powikłaniami i zmiennymi wskaźnikami przeżycia, wahającymi się od 10 miesięcy do 25 lat, w zależności od nasilenia choroby.18 Leczenie podtrzymujące jest podstawą postępowania z noworodkami kolodionowymi, obejmując utrzymanie nawodnienia poprzez płyny dożylne lub karmienie przez sondę, zapobieganie hipotermii, zaburzeniom elektrolitowym i posocznicom.19

Wpływ na jakość życia i długoterminowe konsekwencje

W zależności od typu i nasilenia, ichtyoza może być wyniszczającą chorobą i mieć istotny wpływ fizyczny, jak i psychologiczny na pacjentów.20 Bez długoterminowej terapii wadliwa bariera przepuszczalności związana z ichtyozą może prowadzić do przewlekłej utraty wody i kalorii, co może upośledzać wzrost u dzieci.21

Pacjenci muszą zdawać sobie sprawę, że ichtyoza jest stanem przewlekłym i będą potrzebować długoterminowej terapii.22 Suchość oczu można leczyć sztucznymi łzami, maściami, soczewkami kontaktowymi opatrunkowymi, okluzją punktową i ewentualnie operacją, w zależności od obecności nieprawidłowego zamknięcia powiek lub niedoboru komórek macierzystych rąbka rogówki. Każdy utrzymujący się ubytek nabłonka rogówki musi być leczony agresywnie, aby zapobiec infekcji rogówki.23

Postępy w leczeniu i ich wpływ na rokowanie

Obecne leczenie ichtyozy koncentruje się na łagodzeniu objawów i obejmuje emolienty, środki keratolityczne i doustne retinoidy. Skuteczność tych zabiegów jest umiarkowana i zwykle nie wpływa na stan zapalny skóry.24 Ponieważ nie ma definitywnego lekarstwa na ichtyozę, terapia jest dożywotnia.25

Trwają badania nad nowymi terapiami molekularnymi dla ichtyozy. Oczekuje się, że niektóre z tych nowych terapii udowodnią swoją skuteczność i zostaną włączone do leczenia ichtyozy.26 Stosowanie terapii biologicznych może być korzystne w leczeniu kilku podtypów ichtyozy, jednak odpowiedź widoczna jest głównie jako zmniejszenie komponenty zapalnej i świądu.27

Konieczne są większe randomizowane badania kontrolowane (RCT) i/lub duże kohorty bez zaślepienia, aby wykluczyć możliwe błędy publikacyjne i uzyskać bardziej konkretne dane oraz korelację z mutacjami genetycznymi i profilem immunologicznym.28 Sugeruje się, że cząsteczki upstream, takie jak IL-23 lub IL-36, mogą mieć lepszy efekt.29 Trwa kilka zarejestrowanych badań klinicznych, które mogą dostarczyć więcej informacji na temat wykorzystania różnych terapii biologicznych.30

Znaczenie diagnozy molekularnej dla rokowania

Dziedziczne ichtyozy są spowodowane mutacjami na jednym lub obu allelach ponad 30 różnych genów, głównie wyrażanych w górnej warstwie naskórka.31 Panel genowy obejmujący te geny wrodzonej ichtyozy jest testem diagnostycznym z wyboru, a biopsja skóry nie jest konieczna do ustalenia rozpoznania.32 Prawidłowa diagnoza ichtyozy ma zasadnicze znaczenie nie tylko dla poradnictwa genetycznego, ale także dla odpowiedniej informacji pacjenta o rokowaniu i opcjach terapeutycznych.33

Obecnie diagnoza molekularna jest coraz bardziej wykonalna u pacjentów z ichtyozą i jest warunkiem sine qua non dla udzielenia prawidłowej porady genetycznej i informacji o rokowaniu i leczeniu.34 Miejmy nadzieję, że szybko rozwijająca się wiedza o patofizjologii bariery skórnej w ichtyozie wkrótce doprowadzi do nowych i bardziej adaptowalnych opcji leczenia dla pacjentów, którzy mają te dożywotnie i często upośledzające choroby.35

Nowe perspektywy terapeutyczne i ich wpływ na rokowanie

Chociaż opcje leczenia rozwijały się na przestrzeni lat, nadal istnieje duża potrzeba nowych rozwiązań mających na celu poprawę jakości życia pacjentów. Dzięki badaniom nad ichtyozą można również zdobyć nową wiedzę o wielu innych chorobach skóry o podobnych cechach biologicznych, takich jak egzema i łuszczyca, które również charakteryzują się stanem zapalnym i zaburzoną barierą skórną.36

Badania genetyczne są coraz bardziej dostępne dla pacjentów z ichtyozą i stanowią warunek konieczny do udzielenia właściwej porady genetycznej oraz informacji o rokowaniu i leczeniu. Szybko rozwijająca się wiedza na temat patofizjologii bariery skórnej w ichtyozie powinna wkrótce doprowadzić do nowych, bardziej dostosowanych opcji terapeutycznych dla pacjentów cierpiących na te trwające całe życie i często upośledzające choroby.37

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 16.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x
    Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. […] A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. […] Common for all types of ichthyosis is the life-long persistence of various skin problems and in the severe types high patient morbidity and distress also affecting the relatives and families. […] Today, a molecular diagnosis is increasingly feasible in patients with ichthyosis and is a sine qua non for giving correct genetic advice and information about prognosis and treatment. […] Hopefully, a rapidly expanding knowledge about the skin barrier pathophysiology in ichthyosis will soon lead to new and more adaptable treatment options for patients who have these life-long and often incapacitating diseases.
  • #2 Current Research Reveals New Treatment Options for Ichthyosis
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/current-research-reveals-new-treatment-options-for-ichthyosis
    Because there is no definitive cure for ichthyosis, the therapy is lifelong, with the best prognosis seen in the inherited ichthyosis vulgaris variant of the disease. […] An accurate molecular diagnosis is crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counseling. […] Depending on the type and severity, ichthyosis can be a devastating disease and have a significant physical as well as psychological impact on patients.
  • #3
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x
    Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. […] A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. […] Common for all types of ichthyosis is the life-long persistence of various skin problems and in the severe types high patient morbidity and distress also affecting the relatives and families. […] Today, a molecular diagnosis is increasingly feasible in patients with ichthyosis and is a sine qua non for giving correct genetic advice and information about prognosis and treatment. […] Hopefully, a rapidly expanding knowledge about the skin barrier pathophysiology in ichthyosis will soon lead to new and more adaptable treatment options for patients who have these life-long and often incapacitating diseases.
  • #4 Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21069-ichthyosis-vulgaris
    Ichthyosis vulgaris can be annoying, but it rarely affects overall health and doesnt shorten your lifespan. […] The prognosis is usually excellent, particularly with genetic forms. Inherited ichthyosis vulgaris often improves or disappears over time. The outlook for acquired forms of the condition depends on the underlying disease.
  • #5 Ichthyosis Vulgaris: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21069-ichthyosis-vulgaris
    Ichthyosis vulgaris can be annoying, but it rarely affects overall health and doesnt shorten your lifespan. […] The prognosis is usually excellent, particularly with genetic forms. Inherited ichthyosis vulgaris often improves or disappears over time. The outlook for acquired forms of the condition depends on the underlying disease.
  • #6 Current Research Reveals New Treatment Options for Ichthyosis
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/current-research-reveals-new-treatment-options-for-ichthyosis
    Because there is no definitive cure for ichthyosis, the therapy is lifelong, with the best prognosis seen in the inherited ichthyosis vulgaris variant of the disease. […] An accurate molecular diagnosis is crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counseling. […] Depending on the type and severity, ichthyosis can be a devastating disease and have a significant physical as well as psychological impact on patients.
  • #7 Orphanet: Recessive X-linked ichthyosis
    https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/461
    Prognosis […] RXLI represents a benign form of ichthyosis. The ichthyosis is life-long but hyperkeratosis and scaling may improve with age. Life expectancy is normal.
  • #8 Report of a Novel ALOX12B Mutation in Self-Improving Collodion Ichthyosis with an Overview of the Genetic Background of the Collodion Baby Phenotype
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8304297/
    Collodion baby is a congenital, transient phenotype encountered in approximately 70-90% of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and is an important entity of neonatal erythroderma. The clinical outcome after this severe condition is variable. […] While genetic testing is an important tool for the diagnosis of ichthyosis, the outcome of CB usually cannot be accurately predicted at birth. […] The clinical outcome of a CB cannot always be accurately predicted based on the severity of the clinical presentation at birth; thus, genetic testing is essential. However, in the case of mutations of the lipoxygenase enzyme genes, an association between specific mutations and the mature phenotype could not yet be confirmed.
  • #9 Report of a Novel ALOX12B Mutation in Self-Improving Collodion Ichthyosis with an Overview of the Genetic Background of the Collodion Baby Phenotype
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8304297/
    Collodion baby is a congenital, transient phenotype encountered in approximately 70-90% of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and is an important entity of neonatal erythroderma. The clinical outcome after this severe condition is variable. […] While genetic testing is an important tool for the diagnosis of ichthyosis, the outcome of CB usually cannot be accurately predicted at birth. […] The clinical outcome of a CB cannot always be accurately predicted based on the severity of the clinical presentation at birth; thus, genetic testing is essential. However, in the case of mutations of the lipoxygenase enzyme genes, an association between specific mutations and the mature phenotype could not yet be confirmed.
  • #10
    https://www.jci.org/articles/view/132987
    The biology of harlequin ichthyosis (HI), a devastating skin disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene ABCA12, is poorly understood, and to date, no satisfactory treatment has been developed. […] Our study has identified dysregulated pathways in HI skin that are feasible therapeutic targets. […] The HI neonate presents at birth with a life-threatening skin phenotype, characterized by massively thickened skin with a markedly impaired skin barrier prone to infection and water loss, requiring intensive care treatment. […] Current treatments of HI are daily topical application of emollients and, for severe cases, systemic therapy using oral retinoids (e.g., acitretin). […] However, long-term retinoid treatment is associated with acute and chronic toxicities. […] Skin inflammation is well known in HI from clinical observations; however, there are a limited number of studies investigating inflammatory dysregulation in HI.
  • #11
    https://www.jci.org/articles/view/132987
    The biology of harlequin ichthyosis (HI), a devastating skin disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene ABCA12, is poorly understood, and to date, no satisfactory treatment has been developed. […] Our study has identified dysregulated pathways in HI skin that are feasible therapeutic targets. […] The HI neonate presents at birth with a life-threatening skin phenotype, characterized by massively thickened skin with a markedly impaired skin barrier prone to infection and water loss, requiring intensive care treatment. […] Current treatments of HI are daily topical application of emollients and, for severe cases, systemic therapy using oral retinoids (e.g., acitretin). […] However, long-term retinoid treatment is associated with acute and chronic toxicities. […] Skin inflammation is well known in HI from clinical observations; however, there are a limited number of studies investigating inflammatory dysregulation in HI.
  • #12
    https://www.jci.org/articles/view/132987
    The use of RNA-Seq technology offered us an unbiased and sensitive method for investigating the transcriptome of HI skin patient samples and ABCA12 KO-stratified keratinocytes. […] A potential key role for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in HI was revealed with the discovery of downregulation of the STAT inhibitors SOCS1 and SOCS3 and upregulation of the transcription factor STAT1 and related downstream targets in HI skin and in the vitro model. […] Upregulation of the STAT1/NOS2 pathway has not been reported in HI before; however, it has been described in other inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, sharing characteristics of skin barrier impairment and increased inflammation. […] Overall, these findings reveal the potential for NOS2 inhibitors or JAK/STAT inhibitors, targeting the pathway upstream of NOS2, as HI therapeutic agents. […] These findings, together with the literature, strongly suggest that drugs targeting either NOS2 or the JAK/STAT1 pathway would be beneficial for treating HI patients and improving their quality of life.
  • #13
    https://www.jci.org/articles/view/132987
    The use of RNA-Seq technology offered us an unbiased and sensitive method for investigating the transcriptome of HI skin patient samples and ABCA12 KO-stratified keratinocytes. […] A potential key role for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in HI was revealed with the discovery of downregulation of the STAT inhibitors SOCS1 and SOCS3 and upregulation of the transcription factor STAT1 and related downstream targets in HI skin and in the vitro model. […] Upregulation of the STAT1/NOS2 pathway has not been reported in HI before; however, it has been described in other inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, sharing characteristics of skin barrier impairment and increased inflammation. […] Overall, these findings reveal the potential for NOS2 inhibitors or JAK/STAT inhibitors, targeting the pathway upstream of NOS2, as HI therapeutic agents. […] These findings, together with the literature, strongly suggest that drugs targeting either NOS2 or the JAK/STAT1 pathway would be beneficial for treating HI patients and improving their quality of life.
  • #14 Lethal Form of Keratitis–Ichthyosis–Deafness Syndrome Caused by the GJB2 Mutation p.Ser17Phe | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1818
    KeratosisIchthyosisDeafness (KID) syndrome is a rare form of ichthyosis caused by mutations in the gene GJB2 encoding the gap junction protein connexin 26 (Cx26). […] A total of 9 families with a lethal form of KID syndrome have been reported in the literature. […] The severe clinical course of lethal KID syndrome suggests a defective cutaneous barrier to microorganisms but the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated. […] Nevertheless, p.Gly45Glu, p.Ser17Phe and p.Ala88Val mutations seem to predict a poor prognosis of the disease.
  • #15 Lethal Form of Keratitis–Ichthyosis–Deafness Syndrome Caused by the GJB2 Mutation p.Ser17Phe | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1818
    KeratosisIchthyosisDeafness (KID) syndrome is a rare form of ichthyosis caused by mutations in the gene GJB2 encoding the gap junction protein connexin 26 (Cx26). […] A total of 9 families with a lethal form of KID syndrome have been reported in the literature. […] The severe clinical course of lethal KID syndrome suggests a defective cutaneous barrier to microorganisms but the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated. […] Nevertheless, p.Gly45Glu, p.Ser17Phe and p.Ala88Val mutations seem to predict a poor prognosis of the disease.
  • #16 Ichthyosis: A Road Model for Skin Research | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3433
    Ichthyosis refers to skin diseases with scaling somewhat reminiscent of fish scales (Greek: ichthus=fish). There are more than 50 genetic types of, mostly non-syndromic, ichthyosis, ranging in severity and frequency from mild and common (prevalence 1%) to severe and rare (0.001%). In the latter case, babies are often born with a thick horny layer (collodion), dermal inflammation and impaired skin barrier function, requiring intensive medical care. Nearly all patients with ichthyosis require daily applications of cream, sometimes complemented with retinoid tablets. This review highlights recent progress in the understanding of the causes and consequences of ichthyosis, which may lead to better care and treatments. […] Depending on the underlying genotype, disease intensity ranges from mild to severe, in the latter case markedly reducing the patients quality of life (1). Only rarely are there life-threatening consequences; for example, in neonates with harlequin ichthyosis (HI), epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) and certain types of syndromic ichthyosis (2, 3). Later in life, less severe, but more common, complications occur, such as pruritus, ectropion and anhidrosis (Fig. S1). Careful medical attention is frequently required, including oral retinoid therapy. Yet, the vast majority of patients with ichthyosis have only mild to moderate skin symptoms, which are readily controlled by daily applications of cream (2, 3).
  • #17 Ichthyosis: A Road Model for Skin Research | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3433
    Ichthyosis refers to skin diseases with scaling somewhat reminiscent of fish scales (Greek: ichthus=fish). There are more than 50 genetic types of, mostly non-syndromic, ichthyosis, ranging in severity and frequency from mild and common (prevalence 1%) to severe and rare (0.001%). In the latter case, babies are often born with a thick horny layer (collodion), dermal inflammation and impaired skin barrier function, requiring intensive medical care. Nearly all patients with ichthyosis require daily applications of cream, sometimes complemented with retinoid tablets. This review highlights recent progress in the understanding of the causes and consequences of ichthyosis, which may lead to better care and treatments. […] Depending on the underlying genotype, disease intensity ranges from mild to severe, in the latter case markedly reducing the patients quality of life (1). Only rarely are there life-threatening consequences; for example, in neonates with harlequin ichthyosis (HI), epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) and certain types of syndromic ichthyosis (2, 3). Later in life, less severe, but more common, complications occur, such as pruritus, ectropion and anhidrosis (Fig. S1). Careful medical attention is frequently required, including oral retinoid therapy. Yet, the vast majority of patients with ichthyosis have only mild to moderate skin symptoms, which are readily controlled by daily applications of cream (2, 3).
  • #18 Congenital ichthyosis presentation and outcome – A case series
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10771169/
    Congenital ichthyosis has a poor prognosis with varied complications and variable survival rates ranging from 10 months to 25 years depending on the severity of the disease. […] The supportive care is the mainstay of management for colloidian babies like maintenance of hydration by intravenous fluid or tube feeding, prevention of hypothermia, electrolyte imbalance, and septicemia. […] Clinical presentation and severity may vary significantly and sometimes there may be involvement of another system. […] A gene panel that includes these genes of congenital ichthyosis is the diagnostic test of choice and skin biopsy is not necessary to establish the diagnosis.
  • #19 Congenital ichthyosis presentation and outcome – A case series
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10771169/
    Congenital ichthyosis has a poor prognosis with varied complications and variable survival rates ranging from 10 months to 25 years depending on the severity of the disease. […] The supportive care is the mainstay of management for colloidian babies like maintenance of hydration by intravenous fluid or tube feeding, prevention of hypothermia, electrolyte imbalance, and septicemia. […] Clinical presentation and severity may vary significantly and sometimes there may be involvement of another system. […] A gene panel that includes these genes of congenital ichthyosis is the diagnostic test of choice and skin biopsy is not necessary to establish the diagnosis.
  • #20 Current Research Reveals New Treatment Options for Ichthyosis
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/current-research-reveals-new-treatment-options-for-ichthyosis
    Because there is no definitive cure for ichthyosis, the therapy is lifelong, with the best prognosis seen in the inherited ichthyosis vulgaris variant of the disease. […] An accurate molecular diagnosis is crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counseling. […] Depending on the type and severity, ichthyosis can be a devastating disease and have a significant physical as well as psychological impact on patients.
  • #21 Ichthyosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1198130-overview
    The dryness of the eyes can be treated with artificial tears, ointments, bandage contact lenses, punctal occlusion, and possibly surgery, depending on the presence of abnormal lid closure or limbal stem cell deficiency. Any persistent corneal epithelial defect must be treated aggressively to prevent corneal infection. […] Patients must realize that this condition is chronic, and they will need long-term therapy. Without long-term therapy, the defective permeability barrier associated with ichthyosis can result in a chronic loss of water and calories, which may impair growth in children.
  • #22 Ichthyosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1198130-overview
    The dryness of the eyes can be treated with artificial tears, ointments, bandage contact lenses, punctal occlusion, and possibly surgery, depending on the presence of abnormal lid closure or limbal stem cell deficiency. Any persistent corneal epithelial defect must be treated aggressively to prevent corneal infection. […] Patients must realize that this condition is chronic, and they will need long-term therapy. Without long-term therapy, the defective permeability barrier associated with ichthyosis can result in a chronic loss of water and calories, which may impair growth in children.
  • #23 Ichthyosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
    https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1198130-overview
    The dryness of the eyes can be treated with artificial tears, ointments, bandage contact lenses, punctal occlusion, and possibly surgery, depending on the presence of abnormal lid closure or limbal stem cell deficiency. Any persistent corneal epithelial defect must be treated aggressively to prevent corneal infection. […] Patients must realize that this condition is chronic, and they will need long-term therapy. Without long-term therapy, the defective permeability barrier associated with ichthyosis can result in a chronic loss of water and calories, which may impair growth in children.
  • #24 New developments in the molecular treatment of ichthyosis: review of the literature | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text
    https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-022-02430-6
    Ichthyosis covers a wide spectrum of diseases affecting the cornification of the skin. […] Several ongoing trials are investigating the potency of these new approaches and various studies have already been published. […] It is expected that some of these new therapies will prove their efficacy and will be incorporated in the treatment of ichthyosis. […] Current treatment for ichthyosis is focused on symptom relief and includes emollients, keratolytics, and oral retinoids. […] The efficacy of these treatments is moderate and is usually not effective on inflammation of the skin. […] The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status on pathogenesis-based therapy for ichthyosis. […] The use of biological therapies could be beneficial in the treatment of several ichthyosis subtypes.
  • #25 Current Research Reveals New Treatment Options for Ichthyosis
    https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/current-research-reveals-new-treatment-options-for-ichthyosis
    Because there is no definitive cure for ichthyosis, the therapy is lifelong, with the best prognosis seen in the inherited ichthyosis vulgaris variant of the disease. […] An accurate molecular diagnosis is crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counseling. […] Depending on the type and severity, ichthyosis can be a devastating disease and have a significant physical as well as psychological impact on patients.
  • #26 New developments in the molecular treatment of ichthyosis: review of the literature | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text
    https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-022-02430-6
    Ichthyosis covers a wide spectrum of diseases affecting the cornification of the skin. […] Several ongoing trials are investigating the potency of these new approaches and various studies have already been published. […] It is expected that some of these new therapies will prove their efficacy and will be incorporated in the treatment of ichthyosis. […] Current treatment for ichthyosis is focused on symptom relief and includes emollients, keratolytics, and oral retinoids. […] The efficacy of these treatments is moderate and is usually not effective on inflammation of the skin. […] The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status on pathogenesis-based therapy for ichthyosis. […] The use of biological therapies could be beneficial in the treatment of several ichthyosis subtypes.
  • #27 New developments in the molecular treatment of ichthyosis: review of the literature | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text
    https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-022-02430-6
    However, the response is mostly seen as reduction of the inflammatory component and pruritus. […] A larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or large open-label cohort is necessary to rule out a possible publication bias and result in more specific data and correlation with genetic mutations and immunological profile. […] It is proposed that upstream molecules, such as IL-23 or IL-36 may have a better effect. […] Several registered clinical trials are ongoing and could provide more information regarding the use of all these different biological therapies.
  • #28 New developments in the molecular treatment of ichthyosis: review of the literature | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text
    https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-022-02430-6
    However, the response is mostly seen as reduction of the inflammatory component and pruritus. […] A larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or large open-label cohort is necessary to rule out a possible publication bias and result in more specific data and correlation with genetic mutations and immunological profile. […] It is proposed that upstream molecules, such as IL-23 or IL-36 may have a better effect. […] Several registered clinical trials are ongoing and could provide more information regarding the use of all these different biological therapies.
  • #29 New developments in the molecular treatment of ichthyosis: review of the literature | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text
    https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-022-02430-6
    However, the response is mostly seen as reduction of the inflammatory component and pruritus. […] A larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or large open-label cohort is necessary to rule out a possible publication bias and result in more specific data and correlation with genetic mutations and immunological profile. […] It is proposed that upstream molecules, such as IL-23 or IL-36 may have a better effect. […] Several registered clinical trials are ongoing and could provide more information regarding the use of all these different biological therapies.
  • #30 New developments in the molecular treatment of ichthyosis: review of the literature | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text
    https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-022-02430-6
    However, the response is mostly seen as reduction of the inflammatory component and pruritus. […] A larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or large open-label cohort is necessary to rule out a possible publication bias and result in more specific data and correlation with genetic mutations and immunological profile. […] It is proposed that upstream molecules, such as IL-23 or IL-36 may have a better effect. […] Several registered clinical trials are ongoing and could provide more information regarding the use of all these different biological therapies.
  • #31
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x
    Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. […] A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. […] Common for all types of ichthyosis is the life-long persistence of various skin problems and in the severe types high patient morbidity and distress also affecting the relatives and families. […] Today, a molecular diagnosis is increasingly feasible in patients with ichthyosis and is a sine qua non for giving correct genetic advice and information about prognosis and treatment. […] Hopefully, a rapidly expanding knowledge about the skin barrier pathophysiology in ichthyosis will soon lead to new and more adaptable treatment options for patients who have these life-long and often incapacitating diseases.
  • #32 Congenital ichthyosis presentation and outcome – A case series
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10771169/
    Congenital ichthyosis has a poor prognosis with varied complications and variable survival rates ranging from 10 months to 25 years depending on the severity of the disease. […] The supportive care is the mainstay of management for colloidian babies like maintenance of hydration by intravenous fluid or tube feeding, prevention of hypothermia, electrolyte imbalance, and septicemia. […] Clinical presentation and severity may vary significantly and sometimes there may be involvement of another system. […] A gene panel that includes these genes of congenital ichthyosis is the diagnostic test of choice and skin biopsy is not necessary to establish the diagnosis.
  • #33
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x
    Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. […] A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. […] Common for all types of ichthyosis is the life-long persistence of various skin problems and in the severe types high patient morbidity and distress also affecting the relatives and families. […] Today, a molecular diagnosis is increasingly feasible in patients with ichthyosis and is a sine qua non for giving correct genetic advice and information about prognosis and treatment. […] Hopefully, a rapidly expanding knowledge about the skin barrier pathophysiology in ichthyosis will soon lead to new and more adaptable treatment options for patients who have these life-long and often incapacitating diseases.
  • #34
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x
    Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. […] A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. […] Common for all types of ichthyosis is the life-long persistence of various skin problems and in the severe types high patient morbidity and distress also affecting the relatives and families. […] Today, a molecular diagnosis is increasingly feasible in patients with ichthyosis and is a sine qua non for giving correct genetic advice and information about prognosis and treatment. […] Hopefully, a rapidly expanding knowledge about the skin barrier pathophysiology in ichthyosis will soon lead to new and more adaptable treatment options for patients who have these life-long and often incapacitating diseases.
  • #35
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x
    Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. […] A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. […] Common for all types of ichthyosis is the life-long persistence of various skin problems and in the severe types high patient morbidity and distress also affecting the relatives and families. […] Today, a molecular diagnosis is increasingly feasible in patients with ichthyosis and is a sine qua non for giving correct genetic advice and information about prognosis and treatment. […] Hopefully, a rapidly expanding knowledge about the skin barrier pathophysiology in ichthyosis will soon lead to new and more adaptable treatment options for patients who have these life-long and often incapacitating diseases.
  • #36 Ichthyosis: A Road Model for Skin Research | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3433
    Though the treatment options have also evolved over the years, there is still a great need for new developments aimed at improving the patients quality of life. Through this research, new knowledge may also be gained about many other skin diseases with biological features similar to ichthyosis, such as eczema and psoriasis, which are also characterized by inflammation and a perturbed skin barrier.
  • #37
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0313-x
    Hereditary ichthyoses are due to mutations on one or both alleles of more than 30 different genes, mainly expressed in the upper epidermis. […] A correct diagnosis of ichthyosis essential not only for genetic counseling but also for adequate patient information about prognosis and therapeutic options is becoming increasingly feasible thanks to recent progress in genetic knowledge and DNA sequencing methods. […] Common for all types of ichthyosis is the life-long persistence of various skin problems and in the severe types high patient morbidity and distress also affecting the relatives and families. […] Today, a molecular diagnosis is increasingly feasible in patients with ichthyosis and is a sine qua non for giving correct genetic advice and information about prognosis and treatment. […] Hopefully, a rapidly expanding knowledge about the skin barrier pathophysiology in ichthyosis will soon lead to new and more adaptable treatment options for patients who have these life-long and often incapacitating diseases.