Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Treatment of Flu | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/index.html

  If you get sick with flu, flu antiviral drugs may be a treatment option. […] Antiviral drugs can make illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They might also prevent some flu complications, like pneumonia. […] Flu antiviral drugs work best when started early, ideally within two days after your flu symptoms begin. […] Antiviral drugs should be started as soon as possible after symptoms begin. Studies show that treatment of flu with antiviral medications works best when started within two days after flu symptoms begin and can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications. However, starting them later can still be helpful, especially if the sick person has a higher-risk health condition or is very sick from flu (for example, hospitalized patients). […] Take flu antiviral drugs, if a health care provider prescribes them.

• #2 Patient education: Influenza symptoms and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/influenza-symptoms-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print

  Influenza (commonly called the flu) is a highly contagious illness that can occur in children or adults of any age. […] This article discusses the symptoms and treatment of seasonal, swine H1N1, and avian flu. […] When to seek help—Most people with the flu recover within one to two weeks without treatment. However, serious complications of the flu can occur. […] Treat symptoms—Treating the symptoms of influenza can help you to feel better but will not make the flu go away faster. […] Antiviral treatment—Antiviral medicines can be used to treat or prevent influenza. […] Antiviral medicines that are used to treat the flu include oseltamivir (brand name: Tamiflu), zanamivir (brand name: Relenza), peramivir (brand name: Rapivab), and baloxavir (brand name: Xofluza). […] Antibiotics are NOT useful for treating viral illnesses such as influenza. […] There are a wide variety of herbal, homeopathic, and other complementary and alternative treatments that are marketed for influenza.

• #3 Treatment of influenza – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_influenza

  Treatments for influenza include a range of medications and therapies that are used in response to disease influenza. Treatments may either directly target the influenza virus itself; or instead they may just offer relief to symptoms of the disease, while the body’s own immune system works to recover from infection. […] The main classes of antiviral drugs used against influenza are neuraminidase inhibitors, such as zanamivir and oseltamivir, polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitors such as baloxavir marboxil, or inhibitors of the viral M2 protein, such as amantadine and rimantadine. These drugs can reduce the severity of symptoms if taken soon after infection and can also be taken to decrease the risk of infection. […] Antiviral drugs directly target the viruses responsible for influenza infections. Generally, anti-viral drugs work optimally when taken within a few days of the onset of symptoms.

• #4 Influenza (Flu) Treatment – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/resource/influenza-flu-treatment/

  There are prescription medications [influenza (flu) antiviral drugs] that can be used to treat flu illness. […] the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends prompt treatment for individuals who have flu or suspected flu and who are at higher risk of serious flu complications, including: […] Treatment of flu with antiviral drugs can shorten the duration of illness and help prevent serious flu-related complications, like pneumonia. […] Antiviral drugs are safe and effective. […] CDC recommends the use of 4 FDA-approved antiviral drugs to treat flu: oseltamivir phosphate, zanamivir, baloxavir marboxil, and peramivir (which is only available intravenously and should only be used in hospitalized patients). […] Only 1 antiviral drug (oral oseltamivir) is recommended for use in pregnant women.

• #5 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  Flu antiviral drugs are prescription medicines that can be used to treat flu illness. […] They can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick. […] Antiviral drugs work best when started within 1 to 2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] CDC recommends prompt treatment for people who have flu or suspected flu and who are at increased risk of serious flu complications, such as pregnant women, people with asthma and chronic lung disease, diabetes (including gestational diabetes), or heart disease. […] Treatment of flu with flu antiviral medications works best when started within 1-2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] Flu antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications.

• #6 Influenza (flu) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351725

  If you have a severe infection or are at high risk of complications from a flu infection, your healthcare professional may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat the flu. These medicines can include oseltamivir (Tamiflu), baloxavir (Xofluza) and zanamivir (Relenza). […] You take oseltamivir and baloxavir by mouth. You inhale zanamivir using a device similar to an asthma inhaler. Zanamivir shouldn’t be used by anyone with certain chronic respiratory problems, such as asthma and lung disease. […] People who are in the hospital may be prescribed peramivir (Rapivab), which is given in a vein. […] These medicines may shorten your illness by a day or so and help prevent serious complications. […] Antiviral medicine may cause side effects. The side effects often are listed on the prescription information. In general, antiviral medicine side effects may include breathing symptoms, nausea, vomiting or loose stools called diarrhea.

• #7 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  In the United States, the following antiviral drugs are recommended for chemoprophylaxis and/or treatment of influenza: Baloxavir marboxil, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir. […] The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (baloxavir marboxil) have activity against influenza A and B viruses (including H1N1), whereas the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) have activity against influenza A viruses only. […] To be effective as treatment, these agents must be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset. These agents are most effective if started within the first 24 hours of symptoms and less effective if begun 24-48 hours after symptoms appear. […] Prompt use of antiviral drugs during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic improved survival among severely ill pregnant women.

• #8 Influenza (flu) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351725

  If you have a severe infection or are at high risk of complications from a flu infection, your healthcare professional may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat the flu. These medicines can include oseltamivir (Tamiflu), baloxavir (Xofluza) and zanamivir (Relenza). […] You take oseltamivir and baloxavir by mouth. You inhale zanamivir using a device similar to an asthma inhaler. Zanamivir shouldn’t be used by anyone with certain chronic respiratory problems, such as asthma and lung disease. […] People who are in the hospital may be prescribed peramivir (Rapivab), which is given in a vein. […] These medicines may shorten your illness by a day or so and help prevent serious complications. […] Antiviral medicine may cause side effects. The side effects often are listed on the prescription information. In general, antiviral medicine side effects may include breathing symptoms, nausea, vomiting or loose stools called diarrhea.

• #9 Influenza Treatment | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/influenza-treatment

  Antiviral medicines are an important tool in both controlling influenza by treating the patients infection and helping to prevent severe illness that can result from flu, including bacterial pneumonia. When taken promptly, antiviral drugs can reduce the severity of the flus worst symptoms, and can shorten the length of the illness by an average of one day. Taking antiviral drugs early is especially important for people who are at high risk for flu complications, such as the elderly or people with compromised immune systems. […] Currently, there are three antiviral drugs recommended for treating the flu: oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab). These drugs work by interrupting the function of neuraminidase on the virus surface and preventing the release of viral particles from infected host cells. These drugs can treat cases of both influenza A and B and have the biggest impact when taken within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms, so rapid diagnosis and treatment are important.

• #10 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  In the United States, the following antiviral drugs are recommended for chemoprophylaxis and/or treatment of influenza: Baloxavir marboxil, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir. […] The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (baloxavir marboxil) have activity against influenza A and B viruses (including H1N1), whereas the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) have activity against influenza A viruses only. […] To be effective as treatment, these agents must be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset. These agents are most effective if started within the first 24 hours of symptoms and less effective if begun 24-48 hours after symptoms appear. […] Prompt use of antiviral drugs during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic improved survival among severely ill pregnant women.

• #11 Treatment of influenza – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_influenza

  Treatments for influenza include a range of medications and therapies that are used in response to disease influenza. Treatments may either directly target the influenza virus itself; or instead they may just offer relief to symptoms of the disease, while the body’s own immune system works to recover from infection. […] The main classes of antiviral drugs used against influenza are neuraminidase inhibitors, such as zanamivir and oseltamivir, polymerase acidic endonuclease inhibitors such as baloxavir marboxil, or inhibitors of the viral M2 protein, such as amantadine and rimantadine. These drugs can reduce the severity of symptoms if taken soon after infection and can also be taken to decrease the risk of infection. […] Antiviral drugs directly target the viruses responsible for influenza infections. Generally, anti-viral drugs work optimally when taken within a few days of the onset of symptoms.

• #12 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  Flu antiviral drugs are prescription medicines that can be used to treat flu illness. […] They can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick. […] Antiviral drugs work best when started within 1 to 2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] CDC recommends prompt treatment for people who have flu or suspected flu and who are at increased risk of serious flu complications, such as pregnant women, people with asthma and chronic lung disease, diabetes (including gestational diabetes), or heart disease. […] Treatment of flu with flu antiviral medications works best when started within 1-2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] Flu antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications.

• #13 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  For adults hospitalized with flu, some studies have reported that early antiviral treatment can reduce the duration of hospitalization and their risk of death. […] It’s very important that flu antiviral drugs are started as soon as possible to treat patients who are: hospitalized with flu, people who are very sick with flu but who do not need to be hospitalized, and people who are at increased risk of serious flu complications based on their age or underlying health conditions, if they develop flu symptoms. […] Parents, if your child gets sick with flu, antiviral drugs offer a safe and effective treatment option. […] For treatment, flu antiviral drugs should ideally be started within two days after becoming sick and taken according to your doctor’s instructions (usually for five days).

• #14 Diagnosing and Treating Flu | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/influenza/diagnosing-and-treating-influenza

  There are effective treatments that can reduce the duration of the suffering caused by the flu and improve symptoms. See a healthcare provider as soon as flu symptoms appear to find out if these treatments are right for you. […] Treating the flu includes staying home, getting adequate rest and staying hydrated. Your doctor may prescribe antiviral medication to treat the virus, and over-the-counter medication can be used to minimize discomfort associated with flu symptoms (for example, decongestant and antihistamine for congestion, cough and nasal discharge). […] Antiviral medicine is recommended for people with more severe illness, especially those who might require hospitalization. Talk to your doctor about which of these treatments may be right for you. […] Treatment with antiviral medicine is most important for people with suspected or confirmed influenza who are at higher risk for complications, including: Children younger than 2 years old, Adults 65 years and older, Individuals who are pregnant, People with certain chronic medical conditions, such as asthma or COPD, or with suppressed immune systems. […] These drugs are approved for early treatment of influenza and have been shown to reduce flu symptoms if started within a day or two of getting sick.

• #15 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza: 2018 Update by IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/influenza/

  These clinical practice guidelines are an update of the guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This document addresses new information regarding diagnostic testing, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal influenza. […] Early treatment with antivirals reduces the duration of symptoms and risk of some complications (bronchitis, otitis media, and pneumonia) and hospitalization, and may decrease mortality among high-risk populations. […] Clinicians should start antiviral treatment as soon as possible for adults and children with documented or suspected influenza, irrespective of influenza vaccination history, who meet the following criteria: Persons of any age who are hospitalized with influenza, regardless of illness duration prior to hospitalization.

• #16 Influenza virus (flu) resources | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/influenza-virus-flu-resources

  Flu antiviral drugs should be started as soon as possible to treat patients who are hospitalized with flu, very sick with flu but do not need to be hospitalized, and those at higher risk of serious flu complications based on their age or health. […] People with mild illness not at higher risk of flu complications do not need to be treated with antiviral drugs. […] CDC recommends four FDA approved antiviral drugs: Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), Zanamivir (Relenza), Peramivir (Rapivab), Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza). […] Doctors should not wait for laboratory confirmation to start antiviral treatment. Follow prescribing data for each antiviral medication and consider the potential for drug-drug interactions.

• #17 Care and Treatment Options for Flu (Influenza) | American Geriatrics Society | HealthInAging.org

  https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/flu-influenza/care-treatment

  Flu antiviral drugs may be used to treat the flu. Treatment of the flu is more effective when started in the first 24 to 48 hours of when symptoms begin. Antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick if treatment if started soon enough. They may prevent some flu complications.

• #18 Treatment of Flu | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/index.html

  If you get sick with flu, flu antiviral drugs may be a treatment option. […] Antiviral drugs can make illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They might also prevent some flu complications, like pneumonia. […] Flu antiviral drugs work best when started early, ideally within two days after your flu symptoms begin. […] Antiviral drugs should be started as soon as possible after symptoms begin. Studies show that treatment of flu with antiviral medications works best when started within two days after flu symptoms begin and can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications. However, starting them later can still be helpful, especially if the sick person has a higher-risk health condition or is very sick from flu (for example, hospitalized patients). […] Take flu antiviral drugs, if a health care provider prescribes them.

• #19 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  In the United States, the following antiviral drugs are recommended for chemoprophylaxis and/or treatment of influenza: Baloxavir marboxil, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir. […] The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (baloxavir marboxil) have activity against influenza A and B viruses (including H1N1), whereas the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) have activity against influenza A viruses only. […] To be effective as treatment, these agents must be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset. These agents are most effective if started within the first 24 hours of symptoms and less effective if begun 24-48 hours after symptoms appear. […] Prompt use of antiviral drugs during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic improved survival among severely ill pregnant women.

• #20 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  Flu antiviral drugs are prescription medicines that can be used to treat flu illness. […] They can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick. […] Antiviral drugs work best when started within 1 to 2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] CDC recommends prompt treatment for people who have flu or suspected flu and who are at increased risk of serious flu complications, such as pregnant women, people with asthma and chronic lung disease, diabetes (including gestational diabetes), or heart disease. […] Treatment of flu with flu antiviral medications works best when started within 1-2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] Flu antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications.

• #21 Influenza Treatment | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/influenza-treatment

  Antiviral medicines are an important tool in both controlling influenza by treating the patients infection and helping to prevent severe illness that can result from flu, including bacterial pneumonia. When taken promptly, antiviral drugs can reduce the severity of the flus worst symptoms, and can shorten the length of the illness by an average of one day. Taking antiviral drugs early is especially important for people who are at high risk for flu complications, such as the elderly or people with compromised immune systems. […] Currently, there are three antiviral drugs recommended for treating the flu: oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab). These drugs work by interrupting the function of neuraminidase on the virus surface and preventing the release of viral particles from infected host cells. These drugs can treat cases of both influenza A and B and have the biggest impact when taken within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms, so rapid diagnosis and treatment are important.

• #22 Treatment of Flu | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/index.html

  If you get sick with flu, flu antiviral drugs may be a treatment option. […] Antiviral drugs can make illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They might also prevent some flu complications, like pneumonia. […] Flu antiviral drugs work best when started early, ideally within two days after your flu symptoms begin. […] Antiviral drugs should be started as soon as possible after symptoms begin. Studies show that treatment of flu with antiviral medications works best when started within two days after flu symptoms begin and can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications. However, starting them later can still be helpful, especially if the sick person has a higher-risk health condition or is very sick from flu (for example, hospitalized patients). […] Take flu antiviral drugs, if a health care provider prescribes them.

• #23 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  Flu antiviral drugs are prescription medicines that can be used to treat flu illness. […] They can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick. […] Antiviral drugs work best when started within 1 to 2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] CDC recommends prompt treatment for people who have flu or suspected flu and who are at increased risk of serious flu complications, such as pregnant women, people with asthma and chronic lung disease, diabetes (including gestational diabetes), or heart disease. […] Treatment of flu with flu antiviral medications works best when started within 1-2 days after flu symptoms begin. […] Flu antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications.

• #24 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  For adults hospitalized with flu, some studies have reported that early antiviral treatment can reduce the duration of hospitalization and their risk of death. […] It’s very important that flu antiviral drugs are started as soon as possible to treat patients who are: hospitalized with flu, people who are very sick with flu but who do not need to be hospitalized, and people who are at increased risk of serious flu complications based on their age or underlying health conditions, if they develop flu symptoms. […] Parents, if your child gets sick with flu, antiviral drugs offer a safe and effective treatment option. […] For treatment, flu antiviral drugs should ideally be started within two days after becoming sick and taken according to your doctor’s instructions (usually for five days).

• #25 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  A meta-analysis of outcome in patients hospitalized with H1N1 influenza during the 2009-2010 pandemic found that early treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors (ie, within 48 hours of symptom onset) reduced the death rate by 63%. […] The advantages of prescribing these agents include significantly reducing illness severity and duration. In elderly and high-risk patients who receive these agents, the secondary complications of influenza are also decreased. […] The disadvantages include potential adverse effects and higher costs. In addition, they must be started within 48 hours of when the first symptoms appear.

• #26 Treatment of Flu | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/index.html

  If you get sick with flu, flu antiviral drugs may be a treatment option. […] Antiviral drugs can make illness milder and shorten the time you are sick. They might also prevent some flu complications, like pneumonia. […] Flu antiviral drugs work best when started early, ideally within two days after your flu symptoms begin. […] Antiviral drugs should be started as soon as possible after symptoms begin. Studies show that treatment of flu with antiviral medications works best when started within two days after flu symptoms begin and can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by about a day. […] Starting antiviral treatment shortly after symptoms begin also can help reduce some flu complications. However, starting them later can still be helpful, especially if the sick person has a higher-risk health condition or is very sick from flu (for example, hospitalized patients). […] Take flu antiviral drugs, if a health care provider prescribes them.

• #27 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  Oral oseltamivir is recommended for treatment of flu during pregnancy because compared to other recommended antiviral medications, it has the most studies available to suggest that it is safe and beneficial during pregnancy. […] Antiviral treatment provides the greatest benefit when started soon after flu illness begins. […] Studies show that flu antiviral drugs work best for treatment when they are started within two days of getting sick. […] However, starting them later can still be beneficial, especially if the sick person is at higher risk of serious flu complications or is in the hospital with more severe illness. […] Antiviral drugs are a second line of defense that can be used to treat flu (including seasonal flu and novel influenza viruses) if you get sick.

• #28 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  For adults hospitalized with flu, some studies have reported that early antiviral treatment can reduce the duration of hospitalization and their risk of death. […] It’s very important that flu antiviral drugs are started as soon as possible to treat patients who are: hospitalized with flu, people who are very sick with flu but who do not need to be hospitalized, and people who are at increased risk of serious flu complications based on their age or underlying health conditions, if they develop flu symptoms. […] Parents, if your child gets sick with flu, antiviral drugs offer a safe and effective treatment option. […] For treatment, flu antiviral drugs should ideally be started within two days after becoming sick and taken according to your doctor’s instructions (usually for five days).

• #29 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza: 2018 Update by IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/influenza/

  Clinicians should start antiviral treatment as soon as possible with a single neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) (either oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, or intravenous peramivir) and not use a combination of NAIs. […] Clinicians should treat uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy ambulatory patients for 5 days with oral oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir, or a single dose of intravenous peramivir. […] Clinicians should investigate and empirically treat bacterial coinfection in patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza who present initially with severe disease (extensive pneumonia, respiratory failure, hypotension, and fever), in addition to antiviral treatment for influenza. […] Clinicians should administer antiviral chemoprophylaxis for 14 days and continue for at least 7 days after the onset of symptoms in the last case identified during an institutional influenza outbreak.

• #30 Severe influenza treatment guideline

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3932389/

  Severe influenza treatment methods, which have been recently discussed, include high-dose, long-term antiviral therapy, combination antiviral therapy, administration of antibiotics, application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), administration of a corticosteroid, administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), application of plasmapheresis, and administration of a statin. […] Standard-dose oseltamivir is recommended for the treatment of severe influenza (BI). […] If the clinical course remains severe or progressive, the duration of the antiviral treatment is recommended to be extended longer than the usual treatment duration (e.g., 5 days for oseltamivir). […] Antiviral combination therapy is not generally recommended for the treatment of severe influenza (BII). […] An antibiotic along with an antiviral agent is recommended to be administered from the beginning of the treatment to a severe influenza patient with accompanying pneumonia (BII).

• #31 Influenza: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1215/p751.html

  Four antiviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of influenza: the NA inhibitors oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab), and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir (Xofluza). […] Oseltamivir is the preferred treatment for patients with severe influenza. […] There is no demonstrated benefit to treating patients with more than one antiviral agent or using higher than recommended dosages. […] Pregnancy is an independent risk factor for complicated influenza. The risk of maternal death increases with each trimester and continues for four weeks postpartum. Oseltamivir has good safety data in pregnancy, and the CDC recommends it as first-line treatment for pregnant women.

• #32 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  In the United States, the following antiviral drugs are recommended for chemoprophylaxis and/or treatment of influenza: Baloxavir marboxil, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir. […] The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (baloxavir marboxil) have activity against influenza A and B viruses (including H1N1), whereas the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) have activity against influenza A viruses only. […] To be effective as treatment, these agents must be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset. These agents are most effective if started within the first 24 hours of symptoms and less effective if begun 24-48 hours after symptoms appear. […] Prompt use of antiviral drugs during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic improved survival among severely ill pregnant women.

• #33 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  Oral oseltamivir is recommended for treatment of flu during pregnancy because compared to other recommended antiviral medications, it has the most studies available to suggest that it is safe and beneficial during pregnancy. […] Antiviral treatment provides the greatest benefit when started soon after flu illness begins. […] Studies show that flu antiviral drugs work best for treatment when they are started within two days of getting sick. […] However, starting them later can still be beneficial, especially if the sick person is at higher risk of serious flu complications or is in the hospital with more severe illness. […] Antiviral drugs are a second line of defense that can be used to treat flu (including seasonal flu and novel influenza viruses) if you get sick.

• #34 Influenza: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/1215/p751.html

  Influenza is highly contagious, and the hallmark of infection is abrupt onset of fever, cough, chills or sweats, myalgias, and malaise. […] Treatment with one of four approved anti-influenza drugs may be considered if the patient presents within 48 hours of symptom onset. The benefit of treatment is greatest when antiviral therapy is started within 24 hours of symptom onset. […] Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), peramivir (Rapivab), baloxavir (Xofluza), or zanamivir (Relenza) may be considered to reduce symptom duration in patients with influenza or influenza-like illness, but only if administered within 48 hours and ideally 24 hours of symptom onset. […] Oral oseltamivir is the preferred treatment for influenza during pregnancy. […] The CDC and the IDSA recommend antiviral therapy for patients with severe or progressive illness, who are at high risk of influenza-associated complications, or who are hospitalized.

• #35 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  In the United States, the following antiviral drugs are recommended for chemoprophylaxis and/or treatment of influenza: Baloxavir marboxil, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir. […] The neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir) and cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors (baloxavir marboxil) have activity against influenza A and B viruses (including H1N1), whereas the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) have activity against influenza A viruses only. […] To be effective as treatment, these agents must be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset. These agents are most effective if started within the first 24 hours of symptoms and less effective if begun 24-48 hours after symptoms appear. […] Prompt use of antiviral drugs during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic improved survival among severely ill pregnant women.

• #36 Influenza (Flu) Treatment – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/resource/influenza-flu-treatment/

  There are prescription medications [influenza (flu) antiviral drugs] that can be used to treat flu illness. […] the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends prompt treatment for individuals who have flu or suspected flu and who are at higher risk of serious flu complications, including: […] Treatment of flu with antiviral drugs can shorten the duration of illness and help prevent serious flu-related complications, like pneumonia. […] Antiviral drugs are safe and effective. […] CDC recommends the use of 4 FDA-approved antiviral drugs to treat flu: oseltamivir phosphate, zanamivir, baloxavir marboxil, and peramivir (which is only available intravenously and should only be used in hospitalized patients). […] Only 1 antiviral drug (oral oseltamivir) is recommended for use in pregnant women.

• #37 Tamiflu® (oseltamivir phosphate) for Children – Pediatric Flu Treatment

  https://www.tamiflu.com/tamiflu-for-children.html

  TAMIFLU is a prescription medicine used to treat the flu (influenza) in people 2 weeks of age and older who have had flu symptoms for no more than 2 days. TAMIFLU can also reduce the chance of getting the flu in people 1 year and older. […] TAMIFLU is not a substitute for an annual flu vaccination. […] The most common side effects when treating the flu include nausea, vomiting, and headache. The most common side effects when preventing the flu include nausea, vomiting, headache, and pain.

• #38 Treating Flu with Antiviral Drugs | Influenza (Flu) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html

  For adults hospitalized with flu, some studies have reported that early antiviral treatment can reduce the duration of hospitalization and their risk of death. […] It’s very important that flu antiviral drugs are started as soon as possible to treat patients who are: hospitalized with flu, people who are very sick with flu but who do not need to be hospitalized, and people who are at increased risk of serious flu complications based on their age or underlying health conditions, if they develop flu symptoms. […] Parents, if your child gets sick with flu, antiviral drugs offer a safe and effective treatment option. […] For treatment, flu antiviral drugs should ideally be started within two days after becoming sick and taken according to your doctor’s instructions (usually for five days).

• #39 Influenza (Flu): Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/influenza

  The doctor may order an antiviral medicine to help your child to get well sooner. It works best if started within 48 hours after symptoms begin. […] Since a virus causes the flu, antibiotics will not help. […] If your child has pain or fever, you may give acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) as directed. Read the label to know the right dose for your child. […] Do not give your child aspirin or products that contain aspirin. Do not give ibuprofen to children younger than 6 months.

• #40 Medication for Influenza | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/influenza/treatments/medication-for-influenza

  Most people who contract the flu recover in fewer than two weeks without any treatment by a doctor. Over-the-counter medications are often sufficient to treat symptoms such as fever and cough while the immune system clears the infection. Sometimes, however, NYU Langone doctors prescribe antiviral medication to help reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms. […] Doctors at Hassenfeld Childrens Hospital at NYU Langone often prescribe antiviral medication for children with severe flu symptoms such as high fever, severe weakness or exhaustion, and dehydration. Our doctors also prescribe this medication for others with severe symptoms who are at risk for developing complications, including people who are 65 or older and those who have a chronic medical condition, such as diabetes, chronic lung disease, or asthma.

• #41 Care and Treatment Options for Flu (Influenza) | American Geriatrics Society | HealthInAging.org

  https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/flu-influenza/care-treatment

  Flu antiviral drugs may be used to treat the flu. Treatment of the flu is more effective when started in the first 24 to 48 hours of when symptoms begin. Antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick if treatment if started soon enough. They may prevent some flu complications.

• #42 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  A meta-analysis of outcome in patients hospitalized with H1N1 influenza during the 2009-2010 pandemic found that early treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors (ie, within 48 hours of symptom onset) reduced the death rate by 63%. […] The advantages of prescribing these agents include significantly reducing illness severity and duration. In elderly and high-risk patients who receive these agents, the secondary complications of influenza are also decreased. […] The disadvantages include potential adverse effects and higher costs. In addition, they must be started within 48 hours of when the first symptoms appear.

• #43 Influenza Treatment | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/influenza-treatment

  Antiviral medicines are an important tool in both controlling influenza by treating the patients infection and helping to prevent severe illness that can result from flu, including bacterial pneumonia. When taken promptly, antiviral drugs can reduce the severity of the flus worst symptoms, and can shorten the length of the illness by an average of one day. Taking antiviral drugs early is especially important for people who are at high risk for flu complications, such as the elderly or people with compromised immune systems. […] Currently, there are three antiviral drugs recommended for treating the flu: oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab). These drugs work by interrupting the function of neuraminidase on the virus surface and preventing the release of viral particles from infected host cells. These drugs can treat cases of both influenza A and B and have the biggest impact when taken within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms, so rapid diagnosis and treatment are important.

• #44 Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Influenza

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/antiviral-therapy-in-patients-with-influenza

  Influenza viruses remain the most common cause of respiratory infections and result in high morbidity and mortality, especially among young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised persons. […] Practitioners should be confident in the use of antiviral agents in patients with influenza. The most recent guidelines recommend the use of nonpharmacologic management and neuraminidase inhibitors to either prevent the transmission of influenza or treat the infection. […] Antiviral medications with activity against influenza viruses are an important adjunct to vaccination for control of the influenza virus. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), inhaled zanamivir (Relenza), and IV peramivir (Rapivab) are the currently recommended agents for influenza. […] Early treatment with the previously mentioned antivirals can shorten the duration of influenza symptoms by 1/2 day to 3 days and may reduce the risk of complications.

• #45 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  A meta-analysis of outcome in patients hospitalized with H1N1 influenza during the 2009-2010 pandemic found that early treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors (ie, within 48 hours of symptom onset) reduced the death rate by 63%. […] The advantages of prescribing these agents include significantly reducing illness severity and duration. In elderly and high-risk patients who receive these agents, the secondary complications of influenza are also decreased. […] The disadvantages include potential adverse effects and higher costs. In addition, they must be started within 48 hours of when the first symptoms appear.

• #46 Influenza (flu) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351725

  If you have a severe infection or are at high risk of complications from a flu infection, your healthcare professional may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat the flu. These medicines can include oseltamivir (Tamiflu), baloxavir (Xofluza) and zanamivir (Relenza). […] You take oseltamivir and baloxavir by mouth. You inhale zanamivir using a device similar to an asthma inhaler. Zanamivir shouldn’t be used by anyone with certain chronic respiratory problems, such as asthma and lung disease. […] People who are in the hospital may be prescribed peramivir (Rapivab), which is given in a vein. […] These medicines may shorten your illness by a day or so and help prevent serious complications. […] Antiviral medicine may cause side effects. The side effects often are listed on the prescription information. In general, antiviral medicine side effects may include breathing symptoms, nausea, vomiting or loose stools called diarrhea.

• #47 The Flu Is Here: Here’s How to Get Through It > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/flu

  Its important to know that antiviral medications take a little time to work. They will shorten the course of illness by a couple of days, and the earlier you take it, the better, Dr. Murray says. […] Tamiflu side effects, which include nausea and vomiting, are rare in adults, Dr. Ellman says, but children are more likely to experience gastrointestinal symptoms. […] If a child is hospitalized or if they have underlying problems that put them at high risk for being admitted to the hospital or having a serious illness, we would treat them with antivirals because the potential benefits outweigh the adverse effects, says Dr. Murray. […] The other value of antiviral flu treatments, Dr. Murray says, is that they can be used prophylactically with high-risk close contacts. If you have a household member who has an immune problem, cancer, or a lung problem and they’re at a very high risk for being hospitalized from flu, then you can give these medicines to prevent influenza once they’ve been exposed to a close contact, he says.

• #48 Influenza (flu) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351725

  If you have a severe infection or are at high risk of complications from a flu infection, your healthcare professional may prescribe an antiviral medicine to treat the flu. These medicines can include oseltamivir (Tamiflu), baloxavir (Xofluza) and zanamivir (Relenza). […] You take oseltamivir and baloxavir by mouth. You inhale zanamivir using a device similar to an asthma inhaler. Zanamivir shouldn’t be used by anyone with certain chronic respiratory problems, such as asthma and lung disease. […] People who are in the hospital may be prescribed peramivir (Rapivab), which is given in a vein. […] These medicines may shorten your illness by a day or so and help prevent serious complications. […] Antiviral medicine may cause side effects. The side effects often are listed on the prescription information. In general, antiviral medicine side effects may include breathing symptoms, nausea, vomiting or loose stools called diarrhea.

• #49 Flu (Influenza): Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4335-influenza-flu

  How is the flu treated? Providers can treat the flu with antiviral medications under certain circumstances. Antivirals can reduce your risk of severe illness and shorten the amount of time you’re sick. Many people can treat the flu without prescription medications. Providers prescribe antivirals if you: […] What medications treat the flu? Antiviral drugs for influenza include: […] Tell your provider about any health conditions you have before starting an antiviral medication. […] How do I manage symptoms of the flu? Many people can manage the symptoms of flu at home with over-the-counter (OTC) medications and other therapies, including: […] The best way to reduce your risk is to get the flu vaccine yearly. You can get it as a shot or a mist sprayed into your nose. The influenza virus can change (mutate) over time, so you need to get vaccinated every year. […] If you think you have the flu, it’s important to get tested early on so that antiviral medications are most effective if your provider prescribes them.

• #50 Treatment of Flu – National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

  https://www.prevention.va.gov/flu/treatment/index.asp

  Knowing what to do if you get the flu may help you feel better sooner and prevent others from becoming sick. […] Stay home and rest. […] Call your health care provider within 48 hours for advice about what to do next. Antiviral medicines may reduce flu symptoms if started within 48 hours of your first symptoms. […] Use fever reducers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Follow the package label or your health care provider’s direction to reduce fever, headache, and muscle, joint, or eye pain. […] Call your health care provider within 48 hours if you or someone else with the flu: Has common flu symptoms. […] Go right away for medical care if you or someone else with the flu has: Shortness of breath or wheezing.

• #51 Diagnosing and Treating Flu | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/influenza/diagnosing-and-treating-influenza

  There are effective treatments that can reduce the duration of the suffering caused by the flu and improve symptoms. See a healthcare provider as soon as flu symptoms appear to find out if these treatments are right for you. […] Treating the flu includes staying home, getting adequate rest and staying hydrated. Your doctor may prescribe antiviral medication to treat the virus, and over-the-counter medication can be used to minimize discomfort associated with flu symptoms (for example, decongestant and antihistamine for congestion, cough and nasal discharge). […] Antiviral medicine is recommended for people with more severe illness, especially those who might require hospitalization. Talk to your doctor about which of these treatments may be right for you. […] Treatment with antiviral medicine is most important for people with suspected or confirmed influenza who are at higher risk for complications, including: Children younger than 2 years old, Adults 65 years and older, Individuals who are pregnant, People with certain chronic medical conditions, such as asthma or COPD, or with suppressed immune systems. […] These drugs are approved for early treatment of influenza and have been shown to reduce flu symptoms if started within a day or two of getting sick.

• #52 Flu (Influenza) Vaccine, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/influenza/article.htm

  What are the treatments for the flu? […] First, individuals should be sure they are not members of a high-risk group that is more susceptible to getting severe flu symptoms. Check with a physician if you are unsure if you are a higher-risk person. The CDC recommends home care if a person is healthy with no underlying diseases or conditions (for example, asthma, lung disease, pregnant, or immunosuppressed). […] Increasing liquid intake, warm showers, and warm compresses, especially in the nasal area, can reduce the body aches and reduce nasal congestion or head congestion. Nasal strips and humidifiers may help reduce congestion, especially while trying to sleep. Some physicians recommend nasal irrigation with saline to further reduce congestion; some recommend nonprescription decongestants like pseudoephedrine (Sudafed). Over-the-counter fever-reducing medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin and others) can treat a fever. Read labels for safe dosage. Cough drops, over-the-counter cough syrup, or cough medicine that may contain dextromethorphan (Delsym) and/or guaifenesin (Mucinex) can suppress a cough. Notify a doctor if an individual’s symptoms at home get worse.

• #53 Flu (Influenza) Vaccine, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/influenza/article.htm

  The CDC published the following guidance concerning antiviral drugs: Antiviral medications with activity against influenza viruses (anti-influenza drugs) are an important adjunct to influenza vaccine in the control of influenza. […] Influenza antiviral prescription drugs treat influenza. […] There are four FDA-approved antiviral drugs recommended by CDC to treat flu this season. These drugs work best when started within 2 days of developing symptoms. […] Over-the-counter medications that may help reduce symptoms of congestion (decongestants), coughing (cough medicine), and dehydration include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), acetaminophen (Tylenol), NSAIDs (Advil, Motrin, Aleve), guaifenesin (Mucinex), dextromethorphan (Delsym), pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), and oral fluids. […] Individuals with the flu may also benefit from some additional bed rest, throat lozenges, and possibly nasal irrigation; drinking fluids may help prevent symptoms of dehydration (for example, dry mucus membranes and decreased urination).

• #54 Flu: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000080.htm

  The flu (influenza) is a viral respiratory illness that causes fever, chills, runny nose, body aches, and cough. […] Most people do not need to see a provider when they have flu symptoms. This is because most people are not at risk for a severe case of the flu. […] If you are very sick with the flu, or you are at high risk for severe illness, you should contact your provider. […] There is a test to detect the flu. It is done by swabbing the nose or throat. Most of the time, test results are available very fast. The test can help your provider determine the best treatment. […] Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) help lower fever and relieve aches. Providers sometimes suggest that you use both types of medicine. Aspirin can also reduce fever and aches, but it may have potential serious side effects, such as stomach bleeding. So it’s best to avoid using aspirin and it should never be given to treat flu in someone age 18 or less.

• #55 Natural Flu Remedies: For Symptom Relief and to Shorten Duration

  https://www.healthline.com/health/natural-flu-remedies

  Coming down with the flu can lead to symptoms like fever, tiredness, or chills. Natural and home remedies can relieve some of the symptoms. However, there is no cure for the flu. […] While there’s no cure for the flu, there are natural remedies that might help soothe flu symptoms and shorten the duration of the illness. […] Drinking warm chicken or beef bone broth is a good way to stay hydrated. It also helps to loosen and break up nose and sinus congestion. […] The mineral zinc is important for your immune system. This nutrient helps your body make germ-fighting white blood cells. […] A review of studies suggested that zinc might help ease cold and flu symptoms. Zinc helps your body fight the flu virus and may slow down how fast it multiplies. […] Warm water and salt rinse (sometimes called a saltwater gargle) can soothe a sore throat. It can also help to clear mucous.

• #56 Natural Flu Remedies: For Symptom Relief and to Shorten Duration

  https://www.healthline.com/health/natural-flu-remedies

  An herbal tea may help your body fight off the flu virus. A hot herbal drink is also soothing to your throat and sinuses. […] Some types of essential oils may help protect you against certain viruses and bacteria. One study found that tea tree oil helps fight the flu virus by slowing or stopping the rate at which the virus multiplies. […] Using a humidifier to add humidity in your home and workplace might help reduce flu viruses in the air. […] Breathing in steam from a warm pot of water can help soothe your nose, sinuses, throat, and lungs. […] Home remedies can help reduce symptoms so you can be more comfortable and rest more easily while you have the flu and rest has a big impact on getting better faster.

• #57 Patient education: Influenza symptoms and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/influenza-symptoms-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print

  Influenza (commonly called the flu) is a highly contagious illness that can occur in children or adults of any age. […] This article discusses the symptoms and treatment of seasonal, swine H1N1, and avian flu. […] When to seek help—Most people with the flu recover within one to two weeks without treatment. However, serious complications of the flu can occur. […] Treat symptoms—Treating the symptoms of influenza can help you to feel better but will not make the flu go away faster. […] Antiviral treatment—Antiviral medicines can be used to treat or prevent influenza. […] Antiviral medicines that are used to treat the flu include oseltamivir (brand name: Tamiflu), zanamivir (brand name: Relenza), peramivir (brand name: Rapivab), and baloxavir (brand name: Xofluza). […] Antibiotics are NOT useful for treating viral illnesses such as influenza. […] There are a wide variety of herbal, homeopathic, and other complementary and alternative treatments that are marketed for influenza.

• #58 Treatment of influenza – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_influenza

  Several generic prescription medications might prove useful to treat a potential H5N1 avian flu outbreak, including statins, fibrates, and chloroquine. […] A recent review discussing herbal and alternative medicines in influenza treatment details evidence suggesting that N-acetylcysteine, elderberry, or a combination of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Andrographis paniculata may help to shorten the course of influenza infection. […] The activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against influenza was first suggested in 1966. […] A few news reports have suggested the use of an elderberry (Sambucus nigra) extract as a potential preventative against the 2009 flu pandemic. […] The mixture of Eleutherococcus senticosus („Siberian ginseng”) and Andrographis paniculata, sold under the trade name Kan Jang, was reported in the Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy to outperform amantadine in reducing influenza-related sick time and complications in a Volgograd pilot study of 71 patients in 2003. […] High dietary intake of green tea (specifically, catechins and theanine that is found in tea products) has been correlated with reduced risk of contracting influenza, as well as having an antiviral effect upon types A and B.

• #59 Patient education: Influenza symptoms and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/influenza-symptoms-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print

  Influenza (commonly called the flu) is a highly contagious illness that can occur in children or adults of any age. […] This article discusses the symptoms and treatment of seasonal, swine H1N1, and avian flu. […] When to seek help—Most people with the flu recover within one to two weeks without treatment. However, serious complications of the flu can occur. […] Treat symptoms—Treating the symptoms of influenza can help you to feel better but will not make the flu go away faster. […] Antiviral treatment—Antiviral medicines can be used to treat or prevent influenza. […] Antiviral medicines that are used to treat the flu include oseltamivir (brand name: Tamiflu), zanamivir (brand name: Relenza), peramivir (brand name: Rapivab), and baloxavir (brand name: Xofluza). […] Antibiotics are NOT useful for treating viral illnesses such as influenza. […] There are a wide variety of herbal, homeopathic, and other complementary and alternative treatments that are marketed for influenza.

• #60 Flu Treatments and Medications for Influenza (Seasonal Flu) Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/flu-treatment

  Drinking lots of fluids and using salt water gargles (made by combining a cup of warm water and a teaspoon of salt) can often be helpful for easing the pain of a sore throat. […] Antiviral flu drugs are taken to decrease the severity and duration of flu symptoms. […] At the first sign of flu symptoms, talk to your doctor about whether antiviral drugs might benefit your child. […] Antibiotics cannot help flu symptoms. The flu is caused by a virus, and antibiotics only treat bacterial infections.

• #61 Influenza (flu) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/flu-influenza

  Influenza (sometimes called 'the flu’) is a highly contagious virus that causes widespread illness every year. […] Immunisation and practising prevention measures are the best ways we can protect against the flu and reduce the number of influenza infections and deaths. […] Flu immunisation is recommended for everyone from 6 months of age who want to protect themselves from the flu and its complications. […] Vaccination is key to protecting yourself and those around you from the flu. […] Getting a flu vaccine every year is recommended for everyone aged 6 months or older. […] The flu is a viral infection so antibiotics won’t help and should not be taken. […] Antiviral medications, if started in the first 2 days after symptoms start, can shorten the length of your illness. […] Decongestants and simple pain relievers can help you feel better while your body’s immune system fights off the infection.

• #62 Executive summary – Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection – Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infec

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-atencion-primaria-27-articulo-executive-summary-diagnosis-treatment-S0212656723000628

  Apart from antivirals, what other therapeutic measures should be offered to an adult patient with influenza virus infection in the community or in long-term facilities? […] Symptomatic treatment is recommended to alleviate the symptoms of influenza. […] Symptomatic treatment of influenza for fever, headache, and myalgia is appropriate with paracetamol, ibuprofen, or dipyrone. […] Treatment with antibiotics is not indicated unless bacterial superinfection is suspected. […] Treatment of influenza virus infection in hospital […] Prompt use of antivirals is recommended for adult patients admitted to hospital with suspected or confirmed influenza virus infection. […] Neuraminidase inhibitors are the first-line drugs to be prescribed for those in whom treatment is indicated when admitted to hospital.

• #63 Flu (Influenza): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/infections/influenza-and-flu-like-illness

  Flu treatment aims to ease symptoms until the infection goes, and to prevent complications. There are several treatment options as outlined below. […] Antiviral medicines called oseltamivir (trade name Tamiflu) and zanamivir (trade name Relenza) are sometimes used. Antiviral medicines do not kill the virus but interfere with the way the virus multiplies. Antiviral medicines do not cure flu or offer long-term protection against flu. […] Antiviral medicines should be given within 48 hours of getting the flu or of having contact with someone who has the flu. This is because the sooner they are given, the better they work. […] Antibiotics kill germs called bacteria, but not viruses. Therefore, they are not routinely prescribed for viral illnesses such as flu or flu-like illnesses. However, they may be used if a complication develops like a chest infection caused by a germ (bacterium) or pneumonia.

• #64 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza: 2018 Update by IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/influenza/

  Clinicians should start antiviral treatment as soon as possible with a single neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) (either oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, or intravenous peramivir) and not use a combination of NAIs. […] Clinicians should treat uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy ambulatory patients for 5 days with oral oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir, or a single dose of intravenous peramivir. […] Clinicians should investigate and empirically treat bacterial coinfection in patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza who present initially with severe disease (extensive pneumonia, respiratory failure, hypotension, and fever), in addition to antiviral treatment for influenza. […] Clinicians should administer antiviral chemoprophylaxis for 14 days and continue for at least 7 days after the onset of symptoms in the last case identified during an institutional influenza outbreak.

• #65 Influenza (Flu): Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/influenza

  The doctor may order an antiviral medicine to help your child to get well sooner. It works best if started within 48 hours after symptoms begin. […] Since a virus causes the flu, antibiotics will not help. […] If your child has pain or fever, you may give acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) as directed. Read the label to know the right dose for your child. […] Do not give your child aspirin or products that contain aspirin. Do not give ibuprofen to children younger than 6 months.

• #66 Antiviral Treatments For Influenza – Immunisation Coalition

  https://www.immunisationcoalition.org.au/resources/antiviral-treatments-for-influenza/

  Antiviral prophylaxis is most effective when given within 48 hours of the first exposure to a person with influenza, and should be taken for at least 10 days. […] While Baloxavir Marboxil has been shown to reduce the duration of symptoms and may offer a more convenient single-dose option compared to other antivirals, it is not part of the broader public health recommendations made by ATAGI or included in the Australian Immunisation Handbook; therefore its use should be considered in the context of individual patient needs and in consultation with clinical guidelines. […] All 3 NIs are indicated for the treatment of infections due to Influenza A and B viruses. While Oseltamivir and Zanamivir can be used for both treatment and prophylaxis, Peramivir is limited to treatment only.

• #67 Antiviral Treatments For Influenza – Immunisation Coalition

  https://www.immunisationcoalition.org.au/resources/antiviral-treatments-for-influenza/

  Antiviral prophylaxis is most effective when given within 48 hours of the first exposure to a person with influenza, and should be taken for at least 10 days. […] While Baloxavir Marboxil has been shown to reduce the duration of symptoms and may offer a more convenient single-dose option compared to other antivirals, it is not part of the broader public health recommendations made by ATAGI or included in the Australian Immunisation Handbook; therefore its use should be considered in the context of individual patient needs and in consultation with clinical guidelines. […] All 3 NIs are indicated for the treatment of infections due to Influenza A and B viruses. While Oseltamivir and Zanamivir can be used for both treatment and prophylaxis, Peramivir is limited to treatment only.

• #68 The Flu Is Here: Here’s How to Get Through It > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/flu

  Its important to know that antiviral medications take a little time to work. They will shorten the course of illness by a couple of days, and the earlier you take it, the better, Dr. Murray says. […] Tamiflu side effects, which include nausea and vomiting, are rare in adults, Dr. Ellman says, but children are more likely to experience gastrointestinal symptoms. […] If a child is hospitalized or if they have underlying problems that put them at high risk for being admitted to the hospital or having a serious illness, we would treat them with antivirals because the potential benefits outweigh the adverse effects, says Dr. Murray. […] The other value of antiviral flu treatments, Dr. Murray says, is that they can be used prophylactically with high-risk close contacts. If you have a household member who has an immune problem, cancer, or a lung problem and they’re at a very high risk for being hospitalized from flu, then you can give these medicines to prevent influenza once they’ve been exposed to a close contact, he says.

• #69 Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Influenza

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/antiviral-therapy-in-patients-with-influenza

  Antiviral treatment should be initiated in all persons with laboratory-confirmed or highly suspected influenza virus infection, including those at high risk for developing complications. […] Nonpharmacologic recommendations for influenza are bed rest, avoidance of other persons, and hydration. […] Chemoprophylaxis should be considered in adults and children aged 1 year and older who are at high risk for developing influenza complications and for whom influenza vaccination is contraindicated, unavailable, or expected to have low effectiveness. […] The agents for treatment and chemoprophylaxis are the same, and pharmacists should play an active role in ensuring that the correct dosage is used for the correct indication.

• #70 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  Prevention is the most effective management strategy for influenza. To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. […] The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza. […] Patients with influenza generally benefit from bed rest. Most patients with influenza recover in 3 days; however, malaise may persist for weeks. […] Patients most often require hospitalization when influenza exacerbates underlying chronic diseases. Some patients, especially elderly individuals, may be too weak to care for themselves alone at home. On occasion, the direct pathologic effects of influenza may necessitate hospitalization. Most commonly, this is influenza pneumonia.

• #71 Antiviral Treatments For Influenza – Immunisation Coalition

  https://www.immunisationcoalition.org.au/resources/antiviral-treatments-for-influenza/

  Vaccination remains the first line of defence against influenza. However, vaccination does not always guarantee full protection against the disease and its symptoms. In this case, it may be an option to use antiviral therapy to reduce the impact of the disease. […] Specific antiviral medications active against influenza viruses have been available on prescription in Australia for over two decades, but they have not been widely used here except during the 2009 pandemic. […] As with all prescription medications, the treating practitioner makes a decision about the appropriateness of antiviral therapy for their patient. […] This guide has been prepared to assist medical practitioners with making treatment decisions for patients presenting with influenza-like illness, particularly those most vulnerable to severe disease, and for short-term prophylaxis.

• #72 Influenza (Flu) Antiviral Drugs and Related Information | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/information-drug-class/influenza-flu-antiviral-drugs-and-related-information

  There are a number of drugs approved by the FDA for the treatment and prevention of influenza. Yearly vaccination is the primary means of preventing and controlling influenza. […] Antiviral drugs available by prescription can reduce the time it takes for symptoms to improve, and some are also used in selected situations to reduce the chance of illness in people exposed to influenza virus. […] Prompt medical evaluation is important for early treatment of influenza as the antiviral drugs may provide the most benefit for patients who initiate therapy within 48 hours of symptom onset. […] Antiviral drugs do not eliminate the risk of complications. […] There are four FDA-approved influenza antiviral drugs recommended by CDC for use against recently circulating influenza viruses. […] Note: Influenza antiviral drugs are not a substitute for vaccine. They are used in addition to vaccine in public health planning for the control of influenza.

• #73 Flu (Influenza) Vaccine, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/influenza/article.htm

  How effective is the flu vaccine? […] Vaccine efficacy also varies from one person to another. Past studies of healthy young adults have shown influenza vaccine to be 70%-90% effective in preventing illness. […] The flu shot is both safe and recommended to protect you and your baby from the virus. […] Annual influenza vaccination can prevent most of the illness and death that influenza causes. The CDC’s current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued recommendations for everyone 6 months of age and older, who do not have any contraindications to vaccination, to receive a flu vaccine each year.

• #74 Influenza (flu) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719

  Most people who get the flu can manage it at home and often don’t need to see a healthcare professional. […] If you have flu symptoms and are at risk of complications, see your healthcare professional right away. Starting antiviral medicine within two days after your symptoms show up may shorten the length of your illness and help prevent more-serious problems. […] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual flu vaccination for people age 6 months and older who do not have a medical reason to avoid the vaccine. […] Getting a flu vaccine lowers the risk of getting the flu. If the vaccine is given later in pregnancy, the flu vaccine helps protect a newborn from the flu too. […] The risk of having serious illness from the flu and needing to stay in the hospital due to the flu.

• #75 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza: 2018 Update by IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/influenza/

  These clinical practice guidelines are an update of the guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. This document addresses new information regarding diagnostic testing, treatment and chemoprophylaxis with antiviral medications, and issues related to institutional outbreak management for seasonal influenza. […] Early treatment with antivirals reduces the duration of symptoms and risk of some complications (bronchitis, otitis media, and pneumonia) and hospitalization, and may decrease mortality among high-risk populations. […] Clinicians should start antiviral treatment as soon as possible for adults and children with documented or suspected influenza, irrespective of influenza vaccination history, who meet the following criteria: Persons of any age who are hospitalized with influenza, regardless of illness duration prior to hospitalization.

• #76 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza: 2018 Update by IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/influenza/

  Clinicians should start antiviral treatment as soon as possible with a single neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) (either oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, or intravenous peramivir) and not use a combination of NAIs. […] Clinicians should treat uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy ambulatory patients for 5 days with oral oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir, or a single dose of intravenous peramivir. […] Clinicians should investigate and empirically treat bacterial coinfection in patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza who present initially with severe disease (extensive pneumonia, respiratory failure, hypotension, and fever), in addition to antiviral treatment for influenza. […] Clinicians should administer antiviral chemoprophylaxis for 14 days and continue for at least 7 days after the onset of symptoms in the last case identified during an institutional influenza outbreak.

• #77 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza: 2018 Update by IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/influenza/

  Clinicians should start antiviral treatment as soon as possible with a single neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) (either oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, or intravenous peramivir) and not use a combination of NAIs. […] Clinicians should treat uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy ambulatory patients for 5 days with oral oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir, or a single dose of intravenous peramivir. […] Clinicians should investigate and empirically treat bacterial coinfection in patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed influenza who present initially with severe disease (extensive pneumonia, respiratory failure, hypotension, and fever), in addition to antiviral treatment for influenza. […] Clinicians should administer antiviral chemoprophylaxis for 14 days and continue for at least 7 days after the onset of symptoms in the last case identified during an institutional influenza outbreak.

• #78 Flu (Influenza): Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/infections/influenza-and-flu-like-illness

  A small number of people with flu become ill enough to need hospital admission. This is usually because they have developed complications from flu. […] Immunisation for flu (flu jab) reduces the risk of catching flu, and also reduces the chances of becoming seriously unwell with flu. The flu jab provides protection for about 6 months, so flu jabs are offered annually. […] The most common complication is a chest infection caused by a germ (bacterium). This may develop in addition to the viral infection (that is, a secondary infection). This can sometimes become serious and develop into pneumonia.

• #79 Influenza Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Prevention, Prehospital Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/219557-treatment

  Prevention is the most effective management strategy for influenza. To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. […] The ACIP also publishes recommendations on the use of antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of influenza. […] Patients with influenza generally benefit from bed rest. Most patients with influenza recover in 3 days; however, malaise may persist for weeks. […] Patients most often require hospitalization when influenza exacerbates underlying chronic diseases. Some patients, especially elderly individuals, may be too weak to care for themselves alone at home. On occasion, the direct pathologic effects of influenza may necessitate hospitalization. Most commonly, this is influenza pneumonia.

• #80 Severe influenza treatment guideline

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3932389/

  Severe influenza treatment methods, which have been recently discussed, include high-dose, long-term antiviral therapy, combination antiviral therapy, administration of antibiotics, application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), administration of a corticosteroid, administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), application of plasmapheresis, and administration of a statin. […] Standard-dose oseltamivir is recommended for the treatment of severe influenza (BI). […] If the clinical course remains severe or progressive, the duration of the antiviral treatment is recommended to be extended longer than the usual treatment duration (e.g., 5 days for oseltamivir). […] Antiviral combination therapy is not generally recommended for the treatment of severe influenza (BII). […] An antibiotic along with an antiviral agent is recommended to be administered from the beginning of the treatment to a severe influenza patient with accompanying pneumonia (BII).

• #81 Severe influenza treatment guideline

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3932389/

  ECMO is recommended to be applied to an influenza patient presenting continued hypoxia which does not respond to a conventional treatment (BIII). […] Systemic corticosteroid administration should not be performed for the treatment of a severe influenza patient (BII). […] There is not sufficient evidence to recommend implementation of IVIG, statin, or plasmapheresis for treatment of a severe influenza patient.

• #82 Patient education: Influenza symptoms and treatment (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/influenza-symptoms-and-treatment-beyond-the-basics/print

  Influenza (commonly called the flu) is a highly contagious illness that can occur in children or adults of any age. […] This article discusses the symptoms and treatment of seasonal, swine H1N1, and avian flu. […] When to seek help—Most people with the flu recover within one to two weeks without treatment. However, serious complications of the flu can occur. […] Treat symptoms—Treating the symptoms of influenza can help you to feel better but will not make the flu go away faster. […] Antiviral treatment—Antiviral medicines can be used to treat or prevent influenza. […] Antiviral medicines that are used to treat the flu include oseltamivir (brand name: Tamiflu), zanamivir (brand name: Relenza), peramivir (brand name: Rapivab), and baloxavir (brand name: Xofluza). […] Antibiotics are NOT useful for treating viral illnesses such as influenza. […] There are a wide variety of herbal, homeopathic, and other complementary and alternative treatments that are marketed for influenza.

• #83 Flu (Influenza) Treatment: At-Home Care and Antivirals

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/staying-well/health-and-wellness/wellness/flu/treatment

  Watch for signs of a serious illness: Contact your health care provider if your symptoms get worse, you have signs of dehydration or have difficulty managing the flu at home. […] Antiviral drugs may be prescribed in some cases, especially if you have a severe infection or are in a high-risk group. […] Antiviral medications work by slowing the flu virus’s ability to multiply, allowing you to get better more quickly. […] If your provider prescribes antiviral medications, you should start taking them within 48 hours (about two days) of getting sick and carefully follow your provider’s instructions. […] Mild cases of the flu usually last between 7 to 14 days (about two weeks). […] The flu is contagious before you show symptoms (up to 24 hours before symptoms begin) and up to a week after symptoms start. […] Even if you have the flu, there are many good reasons to get a flu shot once you are better. […] The flu shot boosts your defense against different strains. This can help limit how long you are sick if you catch the flu again.

• #84 Treatment of Flu – National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

  https://www.prevention.va.gov/flu/treatment/index.asp

  Knowing what to do if you get the flu may help you feel better sooner and prevent others from becoming sick. […] Stay home and rest. […] Call your health care provider within 48 hours for advice about what to do next. Antiviral medicines may reduce flu symptoms if started within 48 hours of your first symptoms. […] Use fever reducers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Follow the package label or your health care provider’s direction to reduce fever, headache, and muscle, joint, or eye pain. […] Call your health care provider within 48 hours if you or someone else with the flu: Has common flu symptoms. […] Go right away for medical care if you or someone else with the flu has: Shortness of breath or wheezing.

• #85 Flu symptoms, treatment and prevention | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/health/flu-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  OHSU experts say everyone who is eligible should get the flu vaccine each year. […] Most people need only home care for flu. Flu symptoms usually go away within a week, though you may feel tired and cough for another week or so. Care includes: Drinking lots of clear fluids. Taking over-the-counter medications for fever and pain: Acetaminophen (Tylenol), Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin or PediaCare), Aspirin (Note: adults only). Resting at home. The CDC suggests staying home for at least 24 hours after a fever goes away without use of medication. […] Doctors can prescribe antiviral drugs for people who: Are in the hospital for flu. Have serious flu symptoms. Are at higher risk of complications and have flu symptoms. […] Get care right away for severe symptoms, including: Trouble breathing, Chest pain, Severe muscle pain, Seizures.

• #86 Treatment of Flu – National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

  https://www.prevention.va.gov/flu/treatment/index.asp

  Knowing what to do if you get the flu may help you feel better sooner and prevent others from becoming sick. […] Stay home and rest. […] Call your health care provider within 48 hours for advice about what to do next. Antiviral medicines may reduce flu symptoms if started within 48 hours of your first symptoms. […] Use fever reducers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Follow the package label or your health care provider’s direction to reduce fever, headache, and muscle, joint, or eye pain. […] Call your health care provider within 48 hours if you or someone else with the flu: Has common flu symptoms. […] Go right away for medical care if you or someone else with the flu has: Shortness of breath or wheezing.

• #87 How to treat the flu at home in 6 easy steps | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/what-to-do-if-you-have-the-flu/

  If you’re not sure if you have the flu or if you’re looking for home remedy advice, call your health care providers nurse line. […] Most likely, Steps 1-5 will be all you need to get over the flu. […] Go to the emergency room if you, your child or another loved one is experiencing any of the following symptoms: Difficulty breathing, flu-like symptoms that improved but then returned worse, chest pain or pressure, sudden dizziness, confusion or worse-than-normal mental function, severe or persistent vomiting, loss of appetite or refusal to eat or drink. […] There are many reasons why you should get a flu shot, even if you’ve heard any flu shot myths to the contrary. […] When you get a flu shot, you’re up to 60% less likely to get the flu, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). […] Getting a flu shot is quick and easy. […] Having the flu is no fun. So, use both flu home remedies and virtual treatment options so you can get the rest and care you need without leaving home.

• #88 Influenza (Flu): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.influenza-flu-care-instructions.uf8376

  Influenza (flu) is an infection in the lungs and breathing passages. It is caused by the influenza virus. […] Home treatment is usually all you need for flu symptoms. But your doctor may prescribe antiviral medicine to prevent other health problems, such as pneumonia, from developing. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] Take any prescribed medicine exactly as directed. […] If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have trouble breathing. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #89 Influenza Treatment | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/influenza-treatment

  Because the influenza virus can develop resistance to antiviral drugs, NIAID is working to find new and better treatments to fight the flu. These efforts include supporting the development and testing of the next generation of antiviral drugs. For example, NIAID supported the initial Phase 1 clinical studies of peramivir, which was approved in 2014 by the Food and Drug Administration to treat flu infection in adults. This is the first neuraminidase inhibitor available in intravenous formulation, which is especially needed to deliver the effective drug dose to hospitalized patients who cannot take an oral or inhaled drug. NIAID has advanced the development and testing of additional next-generation neuraminidase inhibitors, as well as flu RNA polymerase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting the flu surface protein hemagglutinin.

• #90 Influenza Treatment | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

  https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/influenza-treatment

  Three NIAID clinical trials are currently exploring the effectiveness of novel flu therapeutics in high-risk populations, including human plasma containing high levels of anti-flu antibodies, concentrated human immunoglobulin with high levels of anti-flu antibodies, and a cocktail of the three licensed flu antiviral medicines.

• #91 Treatment of influenza – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_influenza

  Several generic prescription medications might prove useful to treat a potential H5N1 avian flu outbreak, including statins, fibrates, and chloroquine. […] A recent review discussing herbal and alternative medicines in influenza treatment details evidence suggesting that N-acetylcysteine, elderberry, or a combination of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Andrographis paniculata may help to shorten the course of influenza infection. […] The activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against influenza was first suggested in 1966. […] A few news reports have suggested the use of an elderberry (Sambucus nigra) extract as a potential preventative against the 2009 flu pandemic. […] The mixture of Eleutherococcus senticosus („Siberian ginseng”) and Andrographis paniculata, sold under the trade name Kan Jang, was reported in the Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy to outperform amantadine in reducing influenza-related sick time and complications in a Volgograd pilot study of 71 patients in 2003. […] High dietary intake of green tea (specifically, catechins and theanine that is found in tea products) has been correlated with reduced risk of contracting influenza, as well as having an antiviral effect upon types A and B.

• #92 Influenza treatment – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/respiratory-health/influenza-treatment/

  Influenza (the flu) is a viral infection that causes a sudden onset of high fevers, cough, sore throat, aches and pains and headaches. The good news is that there are treatments available to help you feel better, as well as medicines that act against the influenza virus to help you recover faster. […] Not everyone with flu needs the same treatments, and not all medicines are suitable for all people. […] Check with your pharmacist when choosing cold and flu medicines they can help you to choose a product that relieves most or all of your symptoms. […] Medicines that relieve fever symptoms and pain (including muscle aches and headache) can help you feel better when you have flu. Paracetamol and ibuprofen can be used in both adults and children with flu. […] There is a variety of cold and flu medicines in Australia that can be taken to relieve flu symptoms, including runny nose, cough, aches and pains and fevers.

• #93 Influenza treatment – myDr.com.au

  https://mydr.com.au/respiratory-health/influenza-treatment/

  Antiviral medicines help your body fight against the flu virus. They can help you get better a little faster, reduce the severity of symptoms and prevent complications. […] Antiviral medicines are recommended for these people, who are at risk of developing severe symptoms or complications from influenza. […] Antivirals provide most benefit when taken within 48 hours of symptoms developing. […] Simple things you can do to help you feel better if you have influenza include drinking plenty of fluids and getting plenty of rest. […] Pregnant women with flu-like symptoms should see their doctor as soon as they become unwell. Antiviral medicines are often recommended for pregnant women, and these medicines work best when given within the first 48 hours of the illness. […] Some cold and flu medicines and pain relievers are not suitable for women who are pregnant or breast feeding. Always check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any pain relievers or cold and flu preparations while you are pregnant or breast feeding.

• #94 Executive summary – Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection – Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infec

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-atencion-primaria-27-articulo-executive-summary-diagnosis-treatment-S0212656723000628

  The earlier the initiation of treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors, the greater the beneficial effect. Neuraminidase inhibitors should be started as soon as possible, preferably within the first 6h after arrival at the Emergency Room. […] Antibiotic treatment is indicated in proven or strongly suspected secondary bacterial infections cases (including bacterial otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia). […] Prophylaxis of influenza transmission in the community […] Annual influenza vaccination of people in high-risk groups is recommended. […] It is recommended to perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions by means of hand washing with soap and water. […] People should cover their nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing using tissues or flexed elbow in order to contain respiratory secretions, followed by hand hygiene.

• #95 Executive summary – Diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infection – Consensus statement of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), the Spanish Society of Pediatric Infec

  https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-atencion-primaria-27-articulo-executive-summary-diagnosis-treatment-S0212656723000628

  Prophylaxis of nosocomial transmission of influenza […] Annual influenza vaccination of healthcare workers and people in high-risk groups is recommended. […] Post-exposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis should not be used routinely. […] Vaccination against influenza virus […] Vaccination is recommended for children between 6 months and 18 years of age in certain circumstances. […] Vaccination is recommended for all adults aged 65 years old or older. […] Neuraminidase inhibitors are the first line drugs to be prescribed for those in whom treatment is indicated when admitted to hospital.

• #96 2025 02 Important updates on influenza prevention and treatment | UPMC Health Plan

  https://www.upmchealthplan.com/providers/medical/announcements-updates/announcements/2025-announcements/2025-02-subject-important-updates-on-influenza-prevention-and-treatment

  Consider antiviral therapy when appropriate, encourage masking to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, and continue to recommend the flu vaccine. […] Antiviral treatment is recommended as soon as possible for those with suspected or confirmed influenza who are at high risk of complications. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), antiviral drugs work best when they are started within two days of flu symptoms beginning. […] Please continue to advocate for flu vaccinations as clinically indicated. It is not too late for your patients to be vaccinated, and receiving a flu shot remains one of the most effective methods of protection against influenza. Ensuring that your patients are aware of the availability and benefits of the flu vaccine can help increase vaccination rates and reduce the incidence of flu-related complications.

Zobacz więcej