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• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-phobias.aspx

  Phobias are irrational and abnormal fears of common and not so common objects, animals, situations, and activities. Most sufferers are usually fully aware that they have a phobia and try to avoid their feared object as much as possible. […] Diagnosis of phobias is made in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the diagnostic and statistical manual (Text revision) of the American Psychiatrists Association, known as DSM-IV-TR. […] According to the DSM IV TR criteria, specific phobia diagnosis includes questions like presence of marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. […] The situations or objects are avoided or endured with intense anxiety or distress. This avoidance or endurance with distress interferes significantly with the persons normal routine, academic functioning, or social activities or relationships.

• #2 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #3 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #4 Specific Phobia DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

  https://www.verywellmind.com/diagnosing-a-specific-phobia-2671981

  A specific phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a specified object or situation. A phobia is an excessive and overwhelming fear that results in avoidance or extreme distress. […] The DSM-5 outlines certain criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of a specific phobia. This includes excessive fear, and immediate anxiety response, and avoidance of the fear trigger. Such symptoms must limit a person’s ability to function, last at least six months, and not be due to another mental disorder. […] Therapists cannot use a lab test to make this diagnosis, so they and other mental health professionals consult the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, text-revision). This guide provides diagnostic criteria for specific phobia from the American Psychiatric Association: Unreasonable, excessive fear: The person exhibits excessive or unreasonable, persistent and intense fear triggered by a specific object or situation. Immediate anxiety response: The fear reaction must be out of proportion to the actual danger and appears almost instantaneously when presented with the object or situation. Avoidance or extreme distress: The individual goes out of their way to avoid the object or situation, or endures it with extreme distress. Life-limiting: The phobia significantly impacts the individual’s school, work, or personal life. Six months duration: In children and adults, the duration of symptoms must last for at least six months. Not caused by another disorder: Many anxiety disorders have similar symptoms. A doctor or therapist would first have to rule out similar conditions such as agoraphobia, obsessional-compulsive disorder (OCD), and separation anxiety disorder before diagnosing a specific phobia.

• #5 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood). […] The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. […] The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context. […] The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] The anxiety, panic attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), posttraumatic stress disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), separation anxiety disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), social phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), panic disorder with agoraphobia, or agoraphobia without History of panic disorder.

• #6 Specific Phobias – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/specific-phobias

  Specific phobias consist of persistent, unreasonable, intense fears (phobias) of specific situations, circumstances, or objects. Phobias are diagnosed based on clinical history. A specific phobia is fear of and anxiety about a particular situation or object to a degree that is out of proportion to the actual danger or risk. People with specific phobias typically recognize that their fear is unreasonable and excessive. Specific phobias are the most common anxiety disorders. The diagnosis of a specific phobia should not be made if the clinical situation is better described by another diagnosis. To meet diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5-TR for a specific phobia, patients must have marked, persistent (6 months) fear of or anxiety about a specific situation or object. In addition, patients have all of the following: The situation or object nearly always triggers immediate fear or anxiety. Patients actively avoid the situation or object. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger (taking into account sociocultural norms). The fear, anxiety, and/or avoidance cause significant distress or significantly impair social or occupational functioning.

• #7 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #8 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #9 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood). […] The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. […] The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context. […] The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] The anxiety, panic attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), posttraumatic stress disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), separation anxiety disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), social phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), panic disorder with agoraphobia, or agoraphobia without History of panic disorder.

• #10 Specific Phobias – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/specific-phobias

  Specific phobias consist of persistent, unreasonable, intense fears (phobias) of specific situations, circumstances, or objects. Phobias are diagnosed based on clinical history. A specific phobia is fear of and anxiety about a particular situation or object to a degree that is out of proportion to the actual danger or risk. People with specific phobias typically recognize that their fear is unreasonable and excessive. Specific phobias are the most common anxiety disorders. The diagnosis of a specific phobia should not be made if the clinical situation is better described by another diagnosis. To meet diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5-TR for a specific phobia, patients must have marked, persistent (6 months) fear of or anxiety about a specific situation or object. In addition, patients have all of the following: The situation or object nearly always triggers immediate fear or anxiety. Patients actively avoid the situation or object. The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger (taking into account sociocultural norms). The fear, anxiety, and/or avoidance cause significant distress or significantly impair social or occupational functioning.

• #11 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #12 How Specific Phobias Are Diagnosed and Treated – MEDvidi

  https://medvidi.com/blog/specific-phobias-types-diagnosis-causes-and-treatment

  Specific phobias are disorders characterized by extreme, overwhelming, and irrational fears of living creatures, places, situations, or objects. These specific phobias are persistent and cause mental and physical reactions. Phobias disrupt the normal life of a person. […] According to DSM-5, specific disorders tend to occur alongside other mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and substance use disorder. The phobias also elevate suicidal ideations. […] All phobias have common characteristics, so the following criteria should be met to make a diagnosis: A person goes out of his/her way to avoid the source of the phobia. An encounter with an object or situation always causes extreme distress. Extreme and immediate response when presented with the source of fear. An encounter with the source of phobia triggers out-of-proportion, irrational, and persistent fear not representative of the actual threat. The disorder disrupts a patients daily life. A doctor rules out other disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or agoraphobia as the cause of the phobia. The specific phobia symptoms have lasted for at least six months.

• #13 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood). […] The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. […] The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context. […] The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] The anxiety, panic attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), posttraumatic stress disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), separation anxiety disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), social phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), panic disorder with agoraphobia, or agoraphobia without History of panic disorder.

• #14 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, including fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations associated with panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating symptoms (as in agoraphobia); objects or situations related to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder); reminders of traumatic events (as in posttraumatic stress disorder); separation from home or attachment figures (as in separation anxiety disorder); or social situations (as in social anxiety disorder).

• #15 Specific phobias – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355162

  You may start by seeing your primary care provider. You also may need to see a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. They can diagnose and treat specific phobias. […] To diagnose a specific phobia, your health care professional or mental health care professional may: Talk with you to see what risk factors you might have. Ask questions about your symptoms, and take a medical, mental health and social history. Talk about what you’re avoiding because of your fear. […] Generally, exposure therapy successfully treats specific phobias. But sometimes medicines can reduce the anxiety and panic symptoms you feel from thinking about or being exposed to the object or situation you fear. […] If you’ve made the choice to seek help for a specific phobia, you’ve taken a huge first step. You may start by talking to your doctor or other primary care provider. Depending on your situation, you may be referred to a mental health professional to identify the problem and get proper treatment.

• #16 Phobia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment

  https://laopcenter.com/mental-health/symptoms/phobia/

  Phobias are diagnosed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which includes specific symptoms and their duration. […] According to the Mayo Clinic (2021), Diagnosis of phobias involves a thorough clinical evaluation and meeting criteria outlined in the DSM-5. […] The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria for diagnosing phobias, including an excessive and unreasonable fear of a particular object or situation, immediate anxiety response, avoidance behavior, and significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] According to the article Specific Phobias by the American Psychiatric Association (2013), The DSM-5 criteria are essential for accurately diagnosing phobias and differentiating them from other anxiety disorders.

• #17 Specific phobias – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355162

  You may start by seeing your primary care provider. You also may need to see a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. They can diagnose and treat specific phobias. […] To diagnose a specific phobia, your health care professional or mental health care professional may: Talk with you to see what risk factors you might have. Ask questions about your symptoms, and take a medical, mental health and social history. Talk about what you’re avoiding because of your fear. […] Generally, exposure therapy successfully treats specific phobias. But sometimes medicines can reduce the anxiety and panic symptoms you feel from thinking about or being exposed to the object or situation you fear. […] If you’ve made the choice to seek help for a specific phobia, you’ve taken a huge first step. You may start by talking to your doctor or other primary care provider. Depending on your situation, you may be referred to a mental health professional to identify the problem and get proper treatment.

• #18 Phobia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment

  https://laopcenter.com/mental-health/symptoms/phobia/

  Mental health providers will ask detailed questions about the individuals fear, how it affects their daily life, and any avoidance behaviors they exhibit. […] A comprehensive evaluation also includes a review of the individuals personal and family medical history. This helps to identify any genetic predispositions to anxiety disorders and to understand the context of the phobia. […] Phobias are diagnosed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which includes specific symptoms and their duration. […] According to the Mayo Clinic (2021), Diagnosis of phobias involves a thorough clinical evaluation and meeting criteria outlined in the DSM-5.

• #19 Phobic Disorders Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-differential

  Anxiety secondary to medical conditions must be excluded. Many anxiety attack symptoms resemble those found in life-threatening medical disorders (eg, myocardial infarction), which must be ruled out first. […] Phobic disorders in general have a higher female preponderance, though a higher percentage of men tend to seek treatment for social anxiety disorder. Earlier median ages at illness onset are reported for specific phobia and social anxiety disorder than for agoraphobia. Most specific phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. Those that persist into adulthood rarely go away without treatment. […] In addition to the conditions listed in the differential diagnosis, other problems to be considered include the following: Alcoholism, Body dysmorphic disorder, Bulimia nervosa, Delusional disorder, Depersonalization disorder, Depression, Eating disorder, anorexia, Hyperhidrosis, Hypochondriasis, Hypoglycemia, Mitral valve prolapse, Paruresis, Pervasive developmental disorder, Pheochromocytoma, Schizophrenia, Seizure, Somatoform disorders, Stimulants, Ventricular premature complexes, Vertigo, Vestibular dysfunction. […] Differential Diagnoses: Angina Pectoris, Anxiety Disorders, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis, Panic Disorder, Pediatric Social Phobia and Selective Mutism, Personality Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Separation Anxiety and School Refusal.

• #20 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-phobias.aspx

  Patients are asked if they do all they can to avoid such situations. These may be diagnostic of agoraphobia. […] Social phobia diagnosis includes a list of questions to help people identify their fear. This includes worries about what people might think of them and feels anxious in social situations if the person fears embarrassing themselves before others. […] If a person has been avoiding any such situations consistently for the past six months or more, a social phobia may be diagnosed. […] Other mental health conditions need to be ruled out before phobias are diagnosed.

• #21 Phobia Diagnosis: What to Expect

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/phobia-diagnosis-5181733

  A mental health provider uses criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5) to diagnose a phobia. People diagnosed with a specific phobia have excessive and persistent fear and/or avoidance of specific objects or situations. […] The diagnosis of a specific phobia is made using the criteria set in the DSM-5, the guide that providers use to make mental health diagnoses. […] Mental health professionals can use tools like the Severity Measure for Specific Phobias to diagnose and assess the severity of a specific phobia. […] This is the criteria for a diagnosis of a specific phobia according to the DSM-5: There is marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation. The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.

• #22 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #23 Specific Phobia DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

  https://www.verywellmind.com/diagnosing-a-specific-phobia-2671981

  A specific phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a specified object or situation. A phobia is an excessive and overwhelming fear that results in avoidance or extreme distress. […] The DSM-5 outlines certain criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of a specific phobia. This includes excessive fear, and immediate anxiety response, and avoidance of the fear trigger. Such symptoms must limit a person’s ability to function, last at least six months, and not be due to another mental disorder. […] Therapists cannot use a lab test to make this diagnosis, so they and other mental health professionals consult the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, text-revision). This guide provides diagnostic criteria for specific phobia from the American Psychiatric Association: Unreasonable, excessive fear: The person exhibits excessive or unreasonable, persistent and intense fear triggered by a specific object or situation. Immediate anxiety response: The fear reaction must be out of proportion to the actual danger and appears almost instantaneously when presented with the object or situation. Avoidance or extreme distress: The individual goes out of their way to avoid the object or situation, or endures it with extreme distress. Life-limiting: The phobia significantly impacts the individual’s school, work, or personal life. Six months duration: In children and adults, the duration of symptoms must last for at least six months. Not caused by another disorder: Many anxiety disorders have similar symptoms. A doctor or therapist would first have to rule out similar conditions such as agoraphobia, obsessional-compulsive disorder (OCD), and separation anxiety disorder before diagnosing a specific phobia.

• #24 Phobia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobia

  Phobias can be divided into specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, and agoraphobia. […] Specific phobias are further divided to include certain animals, natural environment, blood or injury, and particular situations. […] It is recommended that specific phobias be treated with exposure therapy, in which the person is introduced to the situation or object in question until the fear resolves. […] The DSM-IV-TR states that if a feared stimulus, whether it be an object or a situation, is absent entirely in an environment, a diagnosis cannot be made. […] A specific phobia is a marked and persistent fear of an object or situation. […] Specific phobias may also include fear of losing control, panicking, and fainting from an encounter with the phobia. […] The DSM breaks specific phobias into five subtypes: animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational and other.

• #25 Phobia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobia

  Phobias can be divided into specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, and agoraphobia. […] Specific phobias are further divided to include certain animals, natural environment, blood or injury, and particular situations. […] It is recommended that specific phobias be treated with exposure therapy, in which the person is introduced to the situation or object in question until the fear resolves. […] The DSM-IV-TR states that if a feared stimulus, whether it be an object or a situation, is absent entirely in an environment, a diagnosis cannot be made. […] A specific phobia is a marked and persistent fear of an object or situation. […] Specific phobias may also include fear of losing control, panicking, and fainting from an encounter with the phobia. […] The DSM breaks specific phobias into five subtypes: animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational and other.

• #26 Pulsenotes | Specific phobia

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/psychiatry/notes/specific-phobia

  In phobias, the fear response is excessive, irrational, and can have debilitating consequences for individuals. […] Specific phobia is characterised by a marked fear or anxiety of a specific object or situation. […] Both DSM-V and ICD-11 can be used as frameworks to aid the clinical diagnosis of specific phobias. […] The fear or anxiety is almost always provoked by the phobic object or situation. […] The phobic object or situation is actively avoided OR, endured with intense fear or anxiety. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance behaviours are persistent, lasting for 6 months. […] The DSM-V includes specifiers for the phobic stimulus which include: Animal (e.g. spider, insects, dogs), Natural environment (e.g. heights, storms, water), Blood-injection-injury (e.g. needles, invasive medical procedures), Situational (e.g. aeroplanes, elevators, enclosed places).

• #27 Phobia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobia

  Phobias can be divided into specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, and agoraphobia. […] Specific phobias are further divided to include certain animals, natural environment, blood or injury, and particular situations. […] It is recommended that specific phobias be treated with exposure therapy, in which the person is introduced to the situation or object in question until the fear resolves. […] The DSM-IV-TR states that if a feared stimulus, whether it be an object or a situation, is absent entirely in an environment, a diagnosis cannot be made. […] A specific phobia is a marked and persistent fear of an object or situation. […] Specific phobias may also include fear of losing control, panicking, and fainting from an encounter with the phobia. […] The DSM breaks specific phobias into five subtypes: animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational and other.

• #28 Pulsenotes | Specific phobia

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/psychiatry/notes/specific-phobia

  In phobias, the fear response is excessive, irrational, and can have debilitating consequences for individuals. […] Specific phobia is characterised by a marked fear or anxiety of a specific object or situation. […] Both DSM-V and ICD-11 can be used as frameworks to aid the clinical diagnosis of specific phobias. […] The fear or anxiety is almost always provoked by the phobic object or situation. […] The phobic object or situation is actively avoided OR, endured with intense fear or anxiety. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance behaviours are persistent, lasting for 6 months. […] The DSM-V includes specifiers for the phobic stimulus which include: Animal (e.g. spider, insects, dogs), Natural environment (e.g. heights, storms, water), Blood-injection-injury (e.g. needles, invasive medical procedures), Situational (e.g. aeroplanes, elevators, enclosed places).

• #29 Pulsenotes | Specific phobia

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/psychiatry/notes/specific-phobia

  In phobias, the fear response is excessive, irrational, and can have debilitating consequences for individuals. […] Specific phobia is characterised by a marked fear or anxiety of a specific object or situation. […] Both DSM-V and ICD-11 can be used as frameworks to aid the clinical diagnosis of specific phobias. […] The fear or anxiety is almost always provoked by the phobic object or situation. […] The phobic object or situation is actively avoided OR, endured with intense fear or anxiety. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance behaviours are persistent, lasting for 6 months. […] The DSM-V includes specifiers for the phobic stimulus which include: Animal (e.g. spider, insects, dogs), Natural environment (e.g. heights, storms, water), Blood-injection-injury (e.g. needles, invasive medical procedures), Situational (e.g. aeroplanes, elevators, enclosed places).

• #30 Pulsenotes | Specific phobia

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/psychiatry/notes/specific-phobia

  In phobias, the fear response is excessive, irrational, and can have debilitating consequences for individuals. […] Specific phobia is characterised by a marked fear or anxiety of a specific object or situation. […] Both DSM-V and ICD-11 can be used as frameworks to aid the clinical diagnosis of specific phobias. […] The fear or anxiety is almost always provoked by the phobic object or situation. […] The phobic object or situation is actively avoided OR, endured with intense fear or anxiety. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance behaviours are persistent, lasting for 6 months. […] The DSM-V includes specifiers for the phobic stimulus which include: Animal (e.g. spider, insects, dogs), Natural environment (e.g. heights, storms, water), Blood-injection-injury (e.g. needles, invasive medical procedures), Situational (e.g. aeroplanes, elevators, enclosed places).

• #31 Phobia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobia

  Phobias can be divided into specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, and agoraphobia. […] Specific phobias are further divided to include certain animals, natural environment, blood or injury, and particular situations. […] It is recommended that specific phobias be treated with exposure therapy, in which the person is introduced to the situation or object in question until the fear resolves. […] The DSM-IV-TR states that if a feared stimulus, whether it be an object or a situation, is absent entirely in an environment, a diagnosis cannot be made. […] A specific phobia is a marked and persistent fear of an object or situation. […] Specific phobias may also include fear of losing control, panicking, and fainting from an encounter with the phobia. […] The DSM breaks specific phobias into five subtypes: animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury, situational and other.

• #32 Specific Phobia DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

  https://www.verywellmind.com/diagnosing-a-specific-phobia-2671981

  A specific phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a specified object or situation. A phobia is an excessive and overwhelming fear that results in avoidance or extreme distress. […] The DSM-5 outlines certain criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of a specific phobia. This includes excessive fear, and immediate anxiety response, and avoidance of the fear trigger. Such symptoms must limit a person’s ability to function, last at least six months, and not be due to another mental disorder. […] Therapists cannot use a lab test to make this diagnosis, so they and other mental health professionals consult the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, text-revision). This guide provides diagnostic criteria for specific phobia from the American Psychiatric Association: Unreasonable, excessive fear: The person exhibits excessive or unreasonable, persistent and intense fear triggered by a specific object or situation. Immediate anxiety response: The fear reaction must be out of proportion to the actual danger and appears almost instantaneously when presented with the object or situation. Avoidance or extreme distress: The individual goes out of their way to avoid the object or situation, or endures it with extreme distress. Life-limiting: The phobia significantly impacts the individual’s school, work, or personal life. Six months duration: In children and adults, the duration of symptoms must last for at least six months. Not caused by another disorder: Many anxiety disorders have similar symptoms. A doctor or therapist would first have to rule out similar conditions such as agoraphobia, obsessional-compulsive disorder (OCD), and separation anxiety disorder before diagnosing a specific phobia.

• #33 Psychiatry.org – What are Anxiety Disorders?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders

  Anxiety disorders can cause people to try to avoid situations that trigger or worsen their symptoms. […] There are several types of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, specific phobias, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism. […] A specific phobia is excessive and persistent fear of a specific object, situation or activity that is generally not harmful. Patients know their fear is excessive, but they can’t overcome it. […] Agoraphobia is the fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or help might not be available in the event of panic symptoms. […] A person with social anxiety disorder has significant anxiety and discomfort about being embarrassed, humiliated, rejected or looked down on in social interactions.

• #34 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Diagnosis-of-phobias.aspx

  Patients are asked if they do all they can to avoid such situations. These may be diagnostic of agoraphobia. […] Social phobia diagnosis includes a list of questions to help people identify their fear. This includes worries about what people might think of them and feels anxious in social situations if the person fears embarrassing themselves before others. […] If a person has been avoiding any such situations consistently for the past six months or more, a social phobia may be diagnosed. […] Other mental health conditions need to be ruled out before phobias are diagnosed.

• #35 Social anxiety disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxiety_disorder

  Social anxiety disorder is distinct from the personality traits of introversion and shyness. […] Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by sentiments of fear and anxiety in social situations, causing considerable distress and impairing ability to function in at least some aspects of daily life. […] According to ICD-10 guidelines, the main diagnostic criteria of social phobia are fear of being the focus of attention, or fear of behaving in a way that will be embarrassing or humiliating, avoidance and anxiety symptoms. […] Standardized rating scales can be used to screen for social anxiety disorder and measure the severity of anxiety. […] The DSM-5 notes that for social anxiety disorder, the fear must be attributed or correlated to social situations and not another condition.

• #36 Psychiatry.org – What are Anxiety Disorders?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/anxiety-disorders/what-are-anxiety-disorders

  Anxiety disorders can cause people to try to avoid situations that trigger or worsen their symptoms. […] There are several types of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, specific phobias, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism. […] A specific phobia is excessive and persistent fear of a specific object, situation or activity that is generally not harmful. Patients know their fear is excessive, but they can’t overcome it. […] Agoraphobia is the fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or help might not be available in the event of panic symptoms. […] A person with social anxiety disorder has significant anxiety and discomfort about being embarrassed, humiliated, rejected or looked down on in social interactions.

• #37 Agoraphobia – Psychiatric Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is intense anxiety and/or avoidance of situations (eg, being in crowds or shopping malls, driving) that may be difficult to leave or in which help is not readily available if incapacitating panic-like symptoms were to develop. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. […] To meet the DSM-5-TR criteria for agoraphobia, patients must have marked, persistent ( 6 months) fear of or anxiety about 2 or more of the following situations (1): […] Fear must involve thoughts that escape from the situation might be difficult or that patients would receive no help if they became incapacitated by fear or a panic attack. […] In addition, the fear and anxiety cannot be better characterized as a different mental disorder (eg, social anxiety disorder, body dysmorphic disorder). […] The most effective treatment approach, based on the most robust evidence, is exposure therapy that uses CBT principles (1). Agoraphobia may resolve without formal treatment, possibly because some affected people conduct their own form of exposure therapy and also because anxiety symptoms (and precipitating stressors) fluctuate with time.

• #38 Agoraphobia – Psychiatric Disorders – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is intense anxiety and/or avoidance of situations (eg, being in crowds or shopping malls, driving) that may be difficult to leave or in which help is not readily available if incapacitating panic-like symptoms were to develop. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. […] To meet the DSM-5-TR criteria for agoraphobia, patients must have marked, persistent ( 6 months) fear of or anxiety about 2 or more of the following situations (1): […] Fear must involve thoughts that escape from the situation might be difficult or that patients would receive no help if they became incapacitated by fear or a panic attack. […] In addition, the fear and anxiety cannot be better characterized as a different mental disorder (eg, social anxiety disorder, body dysmorphic disorder). […] The most effective treatment approach, based on the most robust evidence, is exposure therapy that uses CBT principles (1). Agoraphobia may resolve without formal treatment, possibly because some affected people conduct their own form of exposure therapy and also because anxiety symptoms (and precipitating stressors) fluctuate with time.

• #39 Phobias – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/693

  Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions. […] Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations. […] Key diagnostic factors include anticipatory anxiety and behavioral avoidance. […] Other diagnostic factors include onset during childhood, onset during early adulthood, nausea, dizziness, disgust, fainting, tachycardia, hyperventilation, exaggerated startle, and sleep disruption. […] 1st tests to order include self-report and behavioral observation and approach tests. […] Tests to consider include structured/semi-structured clinical interview.

• #40 Phobias – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/693

  Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions. […] Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations. […] Key diagnostic factors include anticipatory anxiety and behavioral avoidance. […] Other diagnostic factors include onset during childhood, onset during early adulthood, nausea, dizziness, disgust, fainting, tachycardia, hyperventilation, exaggerated startle, and sleep disruption. […] 1st tests to order include self-report and behavioral observation and approach tests. […] Tests to consider include structured/semi-structured clinical interview.

• #41 Phobias – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/693

  Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions. […] Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations. […] Key diagnostic factors include anticipatory anxiety and behavioral avoidance. […] Other diagnostic factors include onset during childhood, onset during early adulthood, nausea, dizziness, disgust, fainting, tachycardia, hyperventilation, exaggerated startle, and sleep disruption. […] 1st tests to order include self-report and behavioral observation and approach tests. […] Tests to consider include structured/semi-structured clinical interview.

• #42 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #43 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #44 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #45 Phobia Diagnosis: What to Expect

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/phobia-diagnosis-5181733

  A mental health provider uses criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM5) to diagnose a phobia. People diagnosed with a specific phobia have excessive and persistent fear and/or avoidance of specific objects or situations. […] The diagnosis of a specific phobia is made using the criteria set in the DSM-5, the guide that providers use to make mental health diagnoses. […] Mental health professionals can use tools like the Severity Measure for Specific Phobias to diagnose and assess the severity of a specific phobia. […] This is the criteria for a diagnosis of a specific phobia according to the DSM-5: There is marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation. The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. The phobic object or situation is actively avoided or endured with intense fear or anxiety.

• #46 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #47 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #48 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #49 Phobias – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/693

  Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions. […] Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations. […] Key diagnostic factors include anticipatory anxiety and behavioral avoidance. […] Other diagnostic factors include onset during childhood, onset during early adulthood, nausea, dizziness, disgust, fainting, tachycardia, hyperventilation, exaggerated startle, and sleep disruption. […] 1st tests to order include self-report and behavioral observation and approach tests. […] Tests to consider include structured/semi-structured clinical interview.

• #50 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #51 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  The claustrophobia scale is one tool used to diagnose claustrophobia. It has one subscale of 20 items for measuring anxiety and another 18-item scale for assessing avoidance. In a study of 87 claustrophobic patients and 200 normal controls, the claustrophobia scale had high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability, and concurrent and discriminant validity. The scale was also sensitive to change after cognitive behavioral treatment. […] The claustrophobia questionnaire (CLQ) is another diagnosis instrument. An early version of the CLQ was designed to evaluate two separate, but related fears: the fear of suffocation and the fear of restriction. A shortened version of the CLQ has been developed that retains accurate measures of claustrophobia and its component fears. […] Other psychological measures that may be used in assessing claustrophobia include the Behavioral Avoidance Task, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-IV). These evaluations often include heart rate monitors. Self-report questionnaires may include measures of subjective units of distress (SUDS) and the Fear Survey Schedule (FSS-III). […] Specific phobias typically begin in childhood or early adolescence. They can occur in combination with other disorders of mood and anxiety, and with substance abuse. In that case, the diagnosis associated with greater levels of distress is designated as the primary diagnosis.

• #52 Phobic Disorders Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-differential

  Anxiety secondary to medical conditions must be excluded. Many anxiety attack symptoms resemble those found in life-threatening medical disorders (eg, myocardial infarction), which must be ruled out first. […] Phobic disorders in general have a higher female preponderance, though a higher percentage of men tend to seek treatment for social anxiety disorder. Earlier median ages at illness onset are reported for specific phobia and social anxiety disorder than for agoraphobia. Most specific phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. Those that persist into adulthood rarely go away without treatment. […] In addition to the conditions listed in the differential diagnosis, other problems to be considered include the following: Alcoholism, Body dysmorphic disorder, Bulimia nervosa, Delusional disorder, Depersonalization disorder, Depression, Eating disorder, anorexia, Hyperhidrosis, Hypochondriasis, Hypoglycemia, Mitral valve prolapse, Paruresis, Pervasive developmental disorder, Pheochromocytoma, Schizophrenia, Seizure, Somatoform disorders, Stimulants, Ventricular premature complexes, Vertigo, Vestibular dysfunction. […] Differential Diagnoses: Angina Pectoris, Anxiety Disorders, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis, Panic Disorder, Pediatric Social Phobia and Selective Mutism, Personality Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Separation Anxiety and School Refusal.

• #53 Phobic Disorders Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-differential

  Anxiety secondary to medical conditions must be excluded. Many anxiety attack symptoms resemble those found in life-threatening medical disorders (eg, myocardial infarction), which must be ruled out first. […] Phobic disorders in general have a higher female preponderance, though a higher percentage of men tend to seek treatment for social anxiety disorder. Earlier median ages at illness onset are reported for specific phobia and social anxiety disorder than for agoraphobia. Most specific phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. Those that persist into adulthood rarely go away without treatment. […] In addition to the conditions listed in the differential diagnosis, other problems to be considered include the following: Alcoholism, Body dysmorphic disorder, Bulimia nervosa, Delusional disorder, Depersonalization disorder, Depression, Eating disorder, anorexia, Hyperhidrosis, Hypochondriasis, Hypoglycemia, Mitral valve prolapse, Paruresis, Pervasive developmental disorder, Pheochromocytoma, Schizophrenia, Seizure, Somatoform disorders, Stimulants, Ventricular premature complexes, Vertigo, Vestibular dysfunction. […] Differential Diagnoses: Angina Pectoris, Anxiety Disorders, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis, Panic Disorder, Pediatric Social Phobia and Selective Mutism, Personality Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Separation Anxiety and School Refusal.

• #54 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, including fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations associated with panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating symptoms (as in agoraphobia); objects or situations related to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder); reminders of traumatic events (as in posttraumatic stress disorder); separation from home or attachment figures (as in separation anxiety disorder); or social situations (as in social anxiety disorder).

• #55 Diagnosis of Acrophobia – The Phobia Solution

  https://phobiasolution.com/acrophobia-guide/diagnosis-of-acrophobia

  A marked fear of heights, often with avoidance behavior. The phobia isn’t secondary to other conditions like schizophrenia or panic disorder. […] An effective diagnosis often requires a multifaceted approach, utilizing various tools and methods. An initial step, where the therapist or clinician probes into the onset, duration, and daily impact of the fear. In-depth questions about reactions to heights and associated behaviors help clarify the severity and nature of the phobia. Standardized forms where individuals express their fear intensity and any avoidance behaviors. This can give a quantifiable measure of the phobia’s impact. […] Properly diagnosing acrophobia means differentiating it from other disorders or phobias. This process ensures that the presenting symptoms are specifically attributable to acrophobia and not another condition. Various specific phobias may resemble acrophobia. For instance, fear of flying (aviophobia) might be mistakenly attributed to a fear of heights. While GAD involves chronic and pervasive worry about numerous aspects of life, acrophobia is focused on heights. Its vital to determine if the anxiety is generalized or specific. Individuals with agoraphobia might avoid open spaces or tall buildings, but this avoidance stems from a broader range of fears, including being trapped, having a panic attack, or not being able to escape. Often confused with acrophobia, vertigo is a physical condition characterized by dizziness and a spinning sensation. It can be triggered by looking down from a height, but its a medical condition, not a phobia. A past traumatic event involving heights might manifest symptoms resembling acrophobia. Its crucial to differentiate between a phobic reaction and trauma-induced responses.

• #56 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood). […] The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. […] The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context. […] The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] The anxiety, panic attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), posttraumatic stress disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), separation anxiety disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), social phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), panic disorder with agoraphobia, or agoraphobia without History of panic disorder.

• #57 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood). […] The phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. […] The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation and to the sociocultural context. […] The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] The anxiety, panic attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), posttraumatic stress disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), separation anxiety disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), social phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), panic disorder with agoraphobia, or agoraphobia without History of panic disorder.

• #58 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Claustrophobia-Diagnosis.aspx

  Claustrophobia can be confused with other psychiatric disorders. Some differential diagnoses for claustrophobia are paranoia, schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Other potential diagnoses are anxiety disorders, panic disorder, personality disorders, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, and post-traumatic stress disorder. […] Panic disorder with agoraphobia is a common alternative diagnosis. A diagnosis of specific phobia is chosen over panic disorder when there are no spontaneous panic attacks and no fear of panic attack. Panic disorder with agoraphobia is diagnosed if the onset of panic attacks is unexpected and the individual subsequently avoids multiple situations that may trigger the attacks. Another difference is that people with specific phobia do not have enduring anxiety. The number and type of panic attacks, the number of context avoided, and the focus of the fear are all significant in making a diagnosis, as well.

• #59 Phobic Disorders Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-differential

  Anxiety secondary to medical conditions must be excluded. Many anxiety attack symptoms resemble those found in life-threatening medical disorders (eg, myocardial infarction), which must be ruled out first. […] Phobic disorders in general have a higher female preponderance, though a higher percentage of men tend to seek treatment for social anxiety disorder. Earlier median ages at illness onset are reported for specific phobia and social anxiety disorder than for agoraphobia. Most specific phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. Those that persist into adulthood rarely go away without treatment. […] In addition to the conditions listed in the differential diagnosis, other problems to be considered include the following: Alcoholism, Body dysmorphic disorder, Bulimia nervosa, Delusional disorder, Depersonalization disorder, Depression, Eating disorder, anorexia, Hyperhidrosis, Hypochondriasis, Hypoglycemia, Mitral valve prolapse, Paruresis, Pervasive developmental disorder, Pheochromocytoma, Schizophrenia, Seizure, Somatoform disorders, Stimulants, Ventricular premature complexes, Vertigo, Vestibular dysfunction. […] Differential Diagnoses: Angina Pectoris, Anxiety Disorders, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis, Panic Disorder, Pediatric Social Phobia and Selective Mutism, Personality Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Separation Anxiety and School Refusal.

• #60 Specific phobias in older adults: characteristics and differential diagnosis | International Psychogeriatrics | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/specific-phobias-in-older-adults-characteristics-and-differential-diagnosis/E1D50C0EFAB024F458769405515E7415

  Background: Differential diagnosis implies identifying shared and divergent characteristics between clinical states. […] Several factors can interfere with an accurate diagnosis of specific phobia in older cohorts. The goal of this paper is to review criteria for specific phobia and its differential diagnosis with panic disorder, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, while stressing the specific factors associated with aging. […] Etiologic factors, specificity of feared stimulus or situation, fear predictability and the nature of phobic situations are key points to be assessed when implementing a differential diagnosis of specific phobia. […] First, age-related sensory impairments are common and interfere both with information processing and communication. Second, medical illnesses create symptoms that might cause, interfere with, or mimic anxiety. Third, cohort effects might result in underreporting, through the inability to communicate or recognize anxiety symptoms, misattributing them to physical conditions. Finally, diagnostic criteria and screening instruments were usually developed using younger samples and are therefore not adapted to the functional and behavioral characteristics of older samples.

• #61 Specific phobias in older adults: characteristics and differential diagnosis | International Psychogeriatrics | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/specific-phobias-in-older-adults-characteristics-and-differential-diagnosis/E1D50C0EFAB024F458769405515E7415

  Background: Differential diagnosis implies identifying shared and divergent characteristics between clinical states. […] Several factors can interfere with an accurate diagnosis of specific phobia in older cohorts. The goal of this paper is to review criteria for specific phobia and its differential diagnosis with panic disorder, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, while stressing the specific factors associated with aging. […] Etiologic factors, specificity of feared stimulus or situation, fear predictability and the nature of phobic situations are key points to be assessed when implementing a differential diagnosis of specific phobia. […] First, age-related sensory impairments are common and interfere both with information processing and communication. Second, medical illnesses create symptoms that might cause, interfere with, or mimic anxiety. Third, cohort effects might result in underreporting, through the inability to communicate or recognize anxiety symptoms, misattributing them to physical conditions. Finally, diagnostic criteria and screening instruments were usually developed using younger samples and are therefore not adapted to the functional and behavioral characteristics of older samples.

• #62 Specific Phobia DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

  https://www.verywellmind.com/diagnosing-a-specific-phobia-2671981

  The 2013 edition now says the adults no longer have to recognize the irrationality of their behavior to receive a diagnosis. […] While specific phobias can be serious and debilitating, effective treatments are available. These can help reduce or even eliminate symptoms. […] The DSM-5 states that people with specific disorders also have an elevated risk for suicide. These phobias also tend to commonly occur alongside other mental health conditions including panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance use disorder. Because of this, getting appropriate treatment is essential. […] Specific phobias are common, and are often rooted in the primal, instinctual fears that many people (even those without a diagnosis of phobia) experience and understand. It is important to remember that effective treatments are available that can help relieve these fears and the symptoms they cause.

• #63 Specific Phobia DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

  https://www.verywellmind.com/diagnosing-a-specific-phobia-2671981

  A specific phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a specified object or situation. A phobia is an excessive and overwhelming fear that results in avoidance or extreme distress. […] The DSM-5 outlines certain criteria that must be met for a diagnosis of a specific phobia. This includes excessive fear, and immediate anxiety response, and avoidance of the fear trigger. Such symptoms must limit a person’s ability to function, last at least six months, and not be due to another mental disorder. […] Therapists cannot use a lab test to make this diagnosis, so they and other mental health professionals consult the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, text-revision). This guide provides diagnostic criteria for specific phobia from the American Psychiatric Association: Unreasonable, excessive fear: The person exhibits excessive or unreasonable, persistent and intense fear triggered by a specific object or situation. Immediate anxiety response: The fear reaction must be out of proportion to the actual danger and appears almost instantaneously when presented with the object or situation. Avoidance or extreme distress: The individual goes out of their way to avoid the object or situation, or endures it with extreme distress. Life-limiting: The phobia significantly impacts the individual’s school, work, or personal life. Six months duration: In children and adults, the duration of symptoms must last for at least six months. Not caused by another disorder: Many anxiety disorders have similar symptoms. A doctor or therapist would first have to rule out similar conditions such as agoraphobia, obsessional-compulsive disorder (OCD), and separation anxiety disorder before diagnosing a specific phobia.

• #64 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  Phobias, especially specific ones, are not always formally diagnosed, especially if the individual can avoid or manage the engagement with the activity or object thereby reducing its impact on daily life. […] It may feel like your symptoms cannot improve, but treatment and recovery from phobia is possible.

• #65 Phobias | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/phobia

  A phobia is an excessive or unreasonable fear that can be identified. It is triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. […] A child psychiatrist, psychologist or other health or mental health expert will diagnose an anxiety disorder after a full medical and psychiatric evaluation. Parents who note signs of severe anxiety in their child or teen can help by seeking an evaluation and treatment early. Early treatment can prevent future problems. […] Treatment for phobias will be advised for your child based on: Age, health and history; Extent of symptoms; Type of phobia; How they handle specific medicine, procedures or therapy; What is expected for the course of the condition; Your thoughts or preference. […] There is effective treatment for phobias, like there is for other anxiety disorders. Treatment should always be based on a full evaluation of the child and family.

• #66 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #67 The Most Common Phobias And When To Seek Help

  https://www.discoverynj.org/resources/phobias-and-addiction/

  The following methods are used to diagnose addiction and phobia: A thorough physical examination, A thorough psychological examination, Blood tests to rule out the presence of any other conditions or any other testing the clinician deems necessary in light of the patient’s symptoms (EKG, MRI, etc). […] Understanding a person’s phobia will help guide their substance abuse treatment, and vice versa. Therapies beneficial to the treatment of phobias and substance abuse are the following: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Although CBT was developed for depression, it is helpful for the treatment of phobias and anxiety. […] Phobias in children can lead to tantrums, crying, clingy, and refusing to leave their parents. […] The fear disrupts normal daily functions.

• #68 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #69 The Most Common Phobias And When To Seek Help

  https://www.discoverynj.org/resources/phobias-and-addiction/

  The following methods are used to diagnose addiction and phobia: A thorough physical examination, A thorough psychological examination, Blood tests to rule out the presence of any other conditions or any other testing the clinician deems necessary in light of the patient’s symptoms (EKG, MRI, etc). […] Understanding a person’s phobia will help guide their substance abuse treatment, and vice versa. Therapies beneficial to the treatment of phobias and substance abuse are the following: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Although CBT was developed for depression, it is helpful for the treatment of phobias and anxiety. […] Phobias in children can lead to tantrums, crying, clingy, and refusing to leave their parents. […] The fear disrupts normal daily functions.

• #70 Issues in Differential Diagnosis: Phobias and Phobic Conditions | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-7784-7_2

  The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the current status of research with respect to the clinical features, course, and prognosis of specific phobia, social phobia, panic disorder, and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in children. In this context we will consider the salient factors involved in the differential diagnosis of these four disorders. Finally we will provide some directions for improvement in the assessment of these disorders in children. […] Issues in the diagnosis and assessment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. […] The structure of specific phobia symptoms among children and adolescents.

• #71 Phobias | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/phobias

  A Boston Children’s mental health clinician (typically a child and adolescent psychiatrist, child psychologist, or psychiatric social worker) determines if your child has a phobia after making a comprehensive psychiatric assessment with you and your child. During the assessment, you talk about your child’s fears and any panic attack symptoms. You also are also asked to provide an overview of your child’s family history, medical history, academic life, and social interactions. […] Your mental health clinician will explain the diagnosis and answer any questions you or your child may have. The next step is developing a mutually agreed-upon treatment plan that works for you, your child, and your family. […] At Boston Children’s Hospital, we typically treat phobias with psychotherapy, in some cases, a combination of therapy and anti-anxiety medication.

• #72 Phobias | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/phobias

  A Boston Children’s mental health clinician (typically a child and adolescent psychiatrist, child psychologist, or psychiatric social worker) determines if your child has a phobia after making a comprehensive psychiatric assessment with you and your child. During the assessment, you talk about your child’s fears and any panic attack symptoms. You also are also asked to provide an overview of your child’s family history, medical history, academic life, and social interactions. […] Your mental health clinician will explain the diagnosis and answer any questions you or your child may have. The next step is developing a mutually agreed-upon treatment plan that works for you, your child, and your family. […] At Boston Children’s Hospital, we typically treat phobias with psychotherapy, in some cases, a combination of therapy and anti-anxiety medication.

• #73 Phobias | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/phobias

  A Boston Children’s mental health clinician (typically a child and adolescent psychiatrist, child psychologist, or psychiatric social worker) determines if your child has a phobia after making a comprehensive psychiatric assessment with you and your child. During the assessment, you talk about your child’s fears and any panic attack symptoms. You also are also asked to provide an overview of your child’s family history, medical history, academic life, and social interactions. […] Your mental health clinician will explain the diagnosis and answer any questions you or your child may have. The next step is developing a mutually agreed-upon treatment plan that works for you, your child, and your family. […] At Boston Children’s Hospital, we typically treat phobias with psychotherapy, in some cases, a combination of therapy and anti-anxiety medication.

• #74 Phobias | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/phobias

  A Boston Children’s mental health clinician (typically a child and adolescent psychiatrist, child psychologist, or psychiatric social worker) determines if your child has a phobia after making a comprehensive psychiatric assessment with you and your child. During the assessment, you talk about your child’s fears and any panic attack symptoms. You also are also asked to provide an overview of your child’s family history, medical history, academic life, and social interactions. […] Your mental health clinician will explain the diagnosis and answer any questions you or your child may have. The next step is developing a mutually agreed-upon treatment plan that works for you, your child, and your family. […] At Boston Children’s Hospital, we typically treat phobias with psychotherapy, in some cases, a combination of therapy and anti-anxiety medication.

• #75 10 CEUs – Answer Booklet Diagnosis & Treatment of Phobias with Cognitive Restructuring Interventions

  https://www.onlineceucredit.com/ceus-online/pho-phobias/continuing-education.html

  Anxiety Diagnosis & Treatment of Phobias with Cognitive Restructuring Interventions […] Section 1 & Question 1 –DSM-5 3.3.4 Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Diagnosis […] Section 2 & Question 2 –DSM-5 3.3.6 Social Phobia Diagnosis […] Section 3 & Question 3 –DSM-5 Specific Phobia Diagnosis […] Section 8 & Question 8 –Intervention Strategies Regarding Cognitive Restructuring in Treatment of Phobias […] Section 29 & Question 29 –Diagnosing Phobias in Children.

• #76 Phobias | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/phobia

  A phobia is an excessive or unreasonable fear that can be identified. It is triggered by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation. […] A child psychiatrist, psychologist or other health or mental health expert will diagnose an anxiety disorder after a full medical and psychiatric evaluation. Parents who note signs of severe anxiety in their child or teen can help by seeking an evaluation and treatment early. Early treatment can prevent future problems. […] Treatment for phobias will be advised for your child based on: Age, health and history; Extent of symptoms; Type of phobia; How they handle specific medicine, procedures or therapy; What is expected for the course of the condition; Your thoughts or preference. […] There is effective treatment for phobias, like there is for other anxiety disorders. Treatment should always be based on a full evaluation of the child and family.

• #77 Specific phobias – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355162

  You may start by seeing your primary care provider. You also may need to see a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. They can diagnose and treat specific phobias. […] To diagnose a specific phobia, your health care professional or mental health care professional may: Talk with you to see what risk factors you might have. Ask questions about your symptoms, and take a medical, mental health and social history. Talk about what you’re avoiding because of your fear. […] Generally, exposure therapy successfully treats specific phobias. But sometimes medicines can reduce the anxiety and panic symptoms you feel from thinking about or being exposed to the object or situation you fear. […] If you’ve made the choice to seek help for a specific phobia, you’ve taken a huge first step. You may start by talking to your doctor or other primary care provider. Depending on your situation, you may be referred to a mental health professional to identify the problem and get proper treatment.

• #78 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  Phobias, especially specific ones, are not always formally diagnosed, especially if the individual can avoid or manage the engagement with the activity or object thereby reducing its impact on daily life. […] It may feel like your symptoms cannot improve, but treatment and recovery from phobia is possible.

• #79 Specific phobias – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156

  Specific phobias are common anxiety disorders. […] Not all phobias need to be treated. But if a specific phobia affects your daily life, several types of therapies are available to help you work through and conquer your fears often forever. […] An extreme fear can make life hard for example, taking long flights of stairs instead of an elevator. But it is not a specific phobia unless it seriously disrupts your life. If anxiety negatively affects the way you act at work or school, or in social situations, talk with your doctor or another health care professional, or a mental health professional. […] The right therapy can help most people. And the sooner you ask for help, the more likely that therapy will be effective. […] Much is still not known about what causes specific phobias. […] These factors may increase your risk of specific phobias:

• #80 Specific phobias – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156

  Specific phobias are common anxiety disorders. […] Not all phobias need to be treated. But if a specific phobia affects your daily life, several types of therapies are available to help you work through and conquer your fears often forever. […] An extreme fear can make life hard for example, taking long flights of stairs instead of an elevator. But it is not a specific phobia unless it seriously disrupts your life. If anxiety negatively affects the way you act at work or school, or in social situations, talk with your doctor or another health care professional, or a mental health professional. […] The right therapy can help most people. And the sooner you ask for help, the more likely that therapy will be effective. […] Much is still not known about what causes specific phobias. […] These factors may increase your risk of specific phobias:

• #81 How Specific Phobias Are Diagnosed and Treated – MEDvidi

  https://medvidi.com/blog/specific-phobias-types-diagnosis-causes-and-treatment

  Specific phobias are disorders characterized by extreme, overwhelming, and irrational fears of living creatures, places, situations, or objects. These specific phobias are persistent and cause mental and physical reactions. Phobias disrupt the normal life of a person. […] According to DSM-5, specific disorders tend to occur alongside other mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and substance use disorder. The phobias also elevate suicidal ideations. […] All phobias have common characteristics, so the following criteria should be met to make a diagnosis: A person goes out of his/her way to avoid the source of the phobia. An encounter with an object or situation always causes extreme distress. Extreme and immediate response when presented with the source of fear. An encounter with the source of phobia triggers out-of-proportion, irrational, and persistent fear not representative of the actual threat. The disorder disrupts a patients daily life. A doctor rules out other disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or agoraphobia as the cause of the phobia. The specific phobia symptoms have lasted for at least six months.

• #82 Specific phobias – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156

  Specific phobias are common anxiety disorders. […] Not all phobias need to be treated. But if a specific phobia affects your daily life, several types of therapies are available to help you work through and conquer your fears often forever. […] An extreme fear can make life hard for example, taking long flights of stairs instead of an elevator. But it is not a specific phobia unless it seriously disrupts your life. If anxiety negatively affects the way you act at work or school, or in social situations, talk with your doctor or another health care professional, or a mental health professional. […] The right therapy can help most people. And the sooner you ask for help, the more likely that therapy will be effective. […] Much is still not known about what causes specific phobias. […] These factors may increase your risk of specific phobias:

• #83 Overview – Phobias – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/phobias/overview/

  Phobias are not always formally diagnosed. Most people with a phobia are fully aware of the problem. […] A person will sometimes choose to live with a phobia, taking great care to avoid the object or situation they’re afraid of. […] But if you have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you’re afraid of could make the situation worse. […] Ask a GP for help if you have a phobia. They may refer you to a specialist with expertise in behavioural therapy, such as a psychologist. […] You can refer yourself directly to an NHS talking therapies service without a referral from a GP.

• #84 Specific phobias – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355162

  You may start by seeing your primary care provider. You also may need to see a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. They can diagnose and treat specific phobias. […] To diagnose a specific phobia, your health care professional or mental health care professional may: Talk with you to see what risk factors you might have. Ask questions about your symptoms, and take a medical, mental health and social history. Talk about what you’re avoiding because of your fear. […] Generally, exposure therapy successfully treats specific phobias. But sometimes medicines can reduce the anxiety and panic symptoms you feel from thinking about or being exposed to the object or situation you fear. […] If you’ve made the choice to seek help for a specific phobia, you’ve taken a huge first step. You may start by talking to your doctor or other primary care provider. Depending on your situation, you may be referred to a mental health professional to identify the problem and get proper treatment.

• #85 Overview – Phobias – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/phobias/overview/

  Phobias are not always formally diagnosed. Most people with a phobia are fully aware of the problem. […] A person will sometimes choose to live with a phobia, taking great care to avoid the object or situation they’re afraid of. […] But if you have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you’re afraid of could make the situation worse. […] Ask a GP for help if you have a phobia. They may refer you to a specialist with expertise in behavioural therapy, such as a psychologist. […] You can refer yourself directly to an NHS talking therapies service without a referral from a GP.

• #86 Specific phobias – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355162

  You may start by seeing your primary care provider. You also may need to see a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. They can diagnose and treat specific phobias. […] To diagnose a specific phobia, your health care professional or mental health care professional may: Talk with you to see what risk factors you might have. Ask questions about your symptoms, and take a medical, mental health and social history. Talk about what you’re avoiding because of your fear. […] Generally, exposure therapy successfully treats specific phobias. But sometimes medicines can reduce the anxiety and panic symptoms you feel from thinking about or being exposed to the object or situation you fear. […] If you’ve made the choice to seek help for a specific phobia, you’ve taken a huge first step. You may start by talking to your doctor or other primary care provider. Depending on your situation, you may be referred to a mental health professional to identify the problem and get proper treatment.

• #87 Specific Phobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499923/

  Evaluation for applicable DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria should be performed to make a formal diagnosis. […] The DSM-5-TR Criteria for Specific Phobia includes marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation, the phobic object or situation almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety, and the fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger posed by the specific object or situation. […] Individuals with suspected specific phobia should be referred for a psychiatric evaluation.

• #88 Specific Phobias – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/specific-phobias

  Specific phobias involve persistent, unrealistic, intense anxiety about and fear of specific situations, circumstances, or objects. […] The diagnosis is usually obvious based on symptoms. […] A doctor’s evaluation, based on standard psychiatric diagnostic criteria. […] Doctors diagnose a specific phobia when people have fear or anxiety that involves all of the following: Is intense and has been present 6 months or longer, Concerns a specific situation or object, Occurs immediately when the situation or object is encountered, Leads to avoidance of the situation or object, Is out of proportion to the actual danger, Causes significant distress or significantly impairs functioning. […] Also, doctors rule out other mental health disorders that can cause similar symptoms, such as agoraphobia, social anxiety, or a stress disorder. […] Exposure therapy is the treatment of choice. […] Exposure therapy helps more than 90% of people who do it faithfully. […] It is almost always the only treatment needed for specific phobias. […] Medications are not very useful in helping people overcome specific phobias.

• #89 Treatment – Phobias – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/phobias/treatment/

  Medication isn’t usually recommended for treating phobias, because talking therapies are usually effective and don’t have any side effects. However, medication may sometimes be prescribed to treat the effects of phobias, such as anxiety. […] Antidepressants are often prescribed to help reduce anxiety. […] Clomipramine (Anafranil) is a type of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that’s licensed to treat some phobias. […] Moclobemide (Manerix) is a type of antidepressant from the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) group of antidepressants. It’s sometimes prescribed to treat social phobia. […] Benzodiazepines are a group of medicines that are categorised as minor tranquillisers. […] Beta blockers are often used to treat cardiovascular conditions, such as heart problems and high blood pressure (hypertension). They are also sometimes prescribed to help reduce the symptoms of anxiety, such as heart palpitations.

• #90 Phobias – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/693

  Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions. […] Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations. […] Key diagnostic factors include anticipatory anxiety and behavioral avoidance. […] Other diagnostic factors include onset during childhood, onset during early adulthood, nausea, dizziness, disgust, fainting, tachycardia, hyperventilation, exaggerated startle, and sleep disruption. […] 1st tests to order include self-report and behavioral observation and approach tests. […] Tests to consider include structured/semi-structured clinical interview.

• #91 Specific Phobia: Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://crownviewpsych.com/blog/specific-phobia-treatment/

  The good news about specific phobia is that it’s a treatable condition. […] Treatment options for specific phobia include prescription medication and therapy. […] Previous research shows selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) – which are typically used to treat depression – are effective at reducing symptoms of specific phobia. […] Determining which medications and therapies are right for you – or for someone in your life with specific phobia – is an individualized choice that requires input from the patient and the provider.

• #92 Specific Phobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499923/

  Specific phobia is a common anxiety disorder. Patients with specific phobias experience anxiety and panic attacks along with unreasonable fear of exposure or anticipated exposure to a phobic stimulus. The anxiety response goes beyond normal apprehension and leads to avoidance behavior. The intensity of the fear is often disproportionate to the actual danger posed by the phobic stimulus. […] This activity outlines the current DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for specific phobia, shedding light on validated assessment tools and evidence-based treatments, notably focusing on the amalgamation of therapeutic methods for enhanced patient outcomes. […] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a key resource for classifying mental health disorders; in its various editions, specific phobias have been included and refined. The DSM-III (1980) marked a significant step in systematically classifying phobias.

• #93 Online Phobia Test | Hiwell

  https://www.hiwellapp.com/en/tests/phobia-test

  You can measure the severity of specific phobias in any body (high, closed spaces, animals, situations) and obtain scientific results. […] The tests on our website do not provide medical advice or make a diagnosis. A disorder can only be diagnosed by a psychiatrist. […] Did you know that you can have a free 15-minute video call with Hiwells Licensed Therapists to discuss your results?

• #94 Online Phobia Test | Hiwell

  https://www.hiwellapp.com/en/tests/phobia-test

  You can measure the severity of specific phobias in any body (high, closed spaces, animals, situations) and obtain scientific results. […] The tests on our website do not provide medical advice or make a diagnosis. A disorder can only be diagnosed by a psychiatrist. […] Did you know that you can have a free 15-minute video call with Hiwells Licensed Therapists to discuss your results?

• #95 Online Phobia Test | Hiwell

  https://www.hiwellapp.com/en/tests/phobia-test

  You can measure the severity of specific phobias in any body (high, closed spaces, animals, situations) and obtain scientific results. […] The tests on our website do not provide medical advice or make a diagnosis. A disorder can only be diagnosed by a psychiatrist. […] Did you know that you can have a free 15-minute video call with Hiwells Licensed Therapists to discuss your results?

• #96 Diagnosis of Acrophobia – The Phobia Solution

  https://phobiasolution.com/acrophobia-guide/diagnosis-of-acrophobia

  A marked fear of heights, often with avoidance behavior. The phobia isn’t secondary to other conditions like schizophrenia or panic disorder. […] An effective diagnosis often requires a multifaceted approach, utilizing various tools and methods. An initial step, where the therapist or clinician probes into the onset, duration, and daily impact of the fear. In-depth questions about reactions to heights and associated behaviors help clarify the severity and nature of the phobia. Standardized forms where individuals express their fear intensity and any avoidance behaviors. This can give a quantifiable measure of the phobia’s impact. […] Properly diagnosing acrophobia means differentiating it from other disorders or phobias. This process ensures that the presenting symptoms are specifically attributable to acrophobia and not another condition. Various specific phobias may resemble acrophobia. For instance, fear of flying (aviophobia) might be mistakenly attributed to a fear of heights. While GAD involves chronic and pervasive worry about numerous aspects of life, acrophobia is focused on heights. Its vital to determine if the anxiety is generalized or specific. Individuals with agoraphobia might avoid open spaces or tall buildings, but this avoidance stems from a broader range of fears, including being trapped, having a panic attack, or not being able to escape. Often confused with acrophobia, vertigo is a physical condition characterized by dizziness and a spinning sensation. It can be triggered by looking down from a height, but its a medical condition, not a phobia. A past traumatic event involving heights might manifest symptoms resembling acrophobia. Its crucial to differentiate between a phobic reaction and trauma-induced responses.

• #97 Phobia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment

  https://laopcenter.com/mental-health/symptoms/phobia/

  Phobias are diagnosed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which includes specific symptoms and their duration. […] According to the Mayo Clinic (2021), Diagnosis of phobias involves a thorough clinical evaluation and meeting criteria outlined in the DSM-5. […] The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria for diagnosing phobias, including an excessive and unreasonable fear of a particular object or situation, immediate anxiety response, avoidance behavior, and significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. […] According to the article Specific Phobias by the American Psychiatric Association (2013), The DSM-5 criteria are essential for accurately diagnosing phobias and differentiating them from other anxiety disorders.

• #98 Specific Phobia Symptoms And Related DSM-5 Diagnosis – Senior Care Psychological Consulting

  https://seniorcarepsychological.com/specific-phobia-symptoms-and-related-dsm-5-diagnosis/

  The diagnosis should not be given if a fear is either relevant or proportional when considering the cultural context. […] It is important to understand the degree of impairment and distress associated with a specific phobia. […] It would be necessary for the mental health clinician to diagnose agoraphobia when there is more than one object or circumstance that is feared. […] Panic attacks may also occur in relation to feared objects. However, the diagnosis of panic disorder should always supersede the diagnosis of specific phobia if the panic attacks occur unexpectedly. […] It has been noted that approximately 75% of individuals diagnosed with a specific phobia fear more than one object or situation.

• #99 Specific phobias – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/symptoms-causes/syc-20355156

  A specific phobia can start when something distressing happens to you, such as being trapped in an elevator or attacked by an animal. […] Although specific phobias may seem silly to others, they can be distressing and damaging to the people who have them. […] They can result in: […] To try to keep from feeling anxious, people often rely too much on being reassured by others. Sometimes this leads to others becoming too protective over the person with anxiety.

• #100 Specific Phobia – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/anxiety/phobia

  Most individuals however, are unable to recall a specific trigger for their phobia. […] The majority of cases of specific phobia prior to age 10. […] Phobias that develop in childhood and adolescence tend to wax and wane, but if they persist into adulthood, it is rare for them to remit. […] The impact of specific phobias worsen with an increasing number of phobias present. […] Specific phobia is associated with depression in older adults. […] Cognitive behavioural therapy with exposure is the first line treatment for specific phobias. […] There is a limited role for the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of specific phobias, and there is little research on its role.

• #101 Phobias: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, And Treatment

  https://www.re-origin.com/conditions/phobias

  The diagnosis depends on the physical and mental symptoms when the individual is triggered by fear. It also will depend on if their phobia interferes with their daily life. Based on these factors, they will be able to tell whether or not the phobia is present and how they can best treat the individual case through specified treatment methods. […] Numerous programs and options can treat phobias. People can undergo CBT therapy for their condition, or they can even seek medication. One of the best forms of treatment is still neuroplasticity, which is one of the only proven ways to stop the phobia from occurring again in the future for the individual. […] Phobias can affect people in many ways. It is essential to recognize that your experience is unique and still valid, even if it is different from other peoples experiences.

• #102 Specific Phobia: Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://crownviewpsych.com/blog/specific-phobia-treatment/

  The good news about specific phobia is that it’s a treatable condition. […] Treatment options for specific phobia include prescription medication and therapy. […] Previous research shows selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) – which are typically used to treat depression – are effective at reducing symptoms of specific phobia. […] Determining which medications and therapies are right for you – or for someone in your life with specific phobia – is an individualized choice that requires input from the patient and the provider.

• #103 Phobias – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/693

  Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions. […] Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations. […] Key diagnostic factors include anticipatory anxiety and behavioral avoidance. […] Other diagnostic factors include onset during childhood, onset during early adulthood, nausea, dizziness, disgust, fainting, tachycardia, hyperventilation, exaggerated startle, and sleep disruption. […] 1st tests to order include self-report and behavioral observation and approach tests. […] Tests to consider include structured/semi-structured clinical interview.

• #104 Anxiety Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9536-anxiety-disorders

  Specific phobias: A phobia is when something causes you to feel fear or anxiety that’s so severe it consistently and overwhelmingly disrupts your life. There are hundreds of different types of phobias, and there’s one diagnosis for almost all of them: specific phobia. Only one phobia, agoraphobia, is a distinct diagnosis. […] If you or your child are experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder, see a healthcare provider. They’ll start with a medical evaluation. They’ll do a physical exam and ask about your medical history, any medications you’re taking and if any of your family members have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. […] A mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, will do an interview or survey, asking questions about your symptoms, sleeping habits and other behaviors. They use criteria in the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5 to make diagnoses of anxiety disorders. […] Typically, the provider bases a diagnosis on: Your reported symptoms, including how intense they are and how long they last. Discussion of how the symptoms interfere with your daily life. The provider’s observation of your attitude and behavior.

• #105 Anxiety Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Types

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9536-anxiety-disorders

  Specific phobias: A phobia is when something causes you to feel fear or anxiety that’s so severe it consistently and overwhelmingly disrupts your life. There are hundreds of different types of phobias, and there’s one diagnosis for almost all of them: specific phobia. Only one phobia, agoraphobia, is a distinct diagnosis. […] If you or your child are experiencing symptoms of an anxiety disorder, see a healthcare provider. They’ll start with a medical evaluation. They’ll do a physical exam and ask about your medical history, any medications you’re taking and if any of your family members have been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. […] A mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, will do an interview or survey, asking questions about your symptoms, sleeping habits and other behaviors. They use criteria in the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5 to make diagnoses of anxiety disorders. […] Typically, the provider bases a diagnosis on: Your reported symptoms, including how intense they are and how long they last. Discussion of how the symptoms interfere with your daily life. The provider’s observation of your attitude and behavior.

• #106 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  If your experience with anxiety or a phobia is affecting your everyday life, you should make an appointment to speak with your GP. […] Diagnosis of phobias are normally carried out by a mental health professional against a verified assessment tool such as the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organisation. […] To be diagnosed as having a phobia you will display the following: A persistent fear that is excessive and irrational, and that occurs by the presence or anticipation of a specific object, animal, event, or situation. Exposure to the feared object or a situation which triggers an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a panic attack but may also involve anger, fleeing, crying, or freezing. The person recognises the fear is excessive. This may be absent in children with specific phobias. The subject of the phobia is either avoided or endured only with intense anxiety and distress. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distressed caused by the phobia significantly impairs normal routine, work, relationships, or social activities, or there is anxiety about the phobia itself. The fear is persistent, usually for at least six months. The anxiety, panic attacks, or avoidance associated with the specific phobia is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

• #107 Table 3.11, DSM-IV to DSM-5 Specific Phobia Comparison – Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t11/

  The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, including fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations associated with panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating symptoms (as in agoraphobia); objects or situations related to obsessions (as in obsessive-compulsive disorder); reminders of traumatic events (as in posttraumatic stress disorder); separation from home or attachment figures (as in separation anxiety disorder); or social situations (as in social anxiety disorder).

• #108 Specific phobias in older adults: characteristics and differential diagnosis | International Psychogeriatrics | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/specific-phobias-in-older-adults-characteristics-and-differential-diagnosis/E1D50C0EFAB024F458769405515E7415

  Background: Differential diagnosis implies identifying shared and divergent characteristics between clinical states. […] Several factors can interfere with an accurate diagnosis of specific phobia in older cohorts. The goal of this paper is to review criteria for specific phobia and its differential diagnosis with panic disorder, agoraphobia, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, while stressing the specific factors associated with aging. […] Etiologic factors, specificity of feared stimulus or situation, fear predictability and the nature of phobic situations are key points to be assessed when implementing a differential diagnosis of specific phobia. […] First, age-related sensory impairments are common and interfere both with information processing and communication. Second, medical illnesses create symptoms that might cause, interfere with, or mimic anxiety. Third, cohort effects might result in underreporting, through the inability to communicate or recognize anxiety symptoms, misattributing them to physical conditions. Finally, diagnostic criteria and screening instruments were usually developed using younger samples and are therefore not adapted to the functional and behavioral characteristics of older samples.

• #109 Specific phobias – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/specific-phobias/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355162

  You may start by seeing your primary care provider. You also may need to see a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. They can diagnose and treat specific phobias. […] To diagnose a specific phobia, your health care professional or mental health care professional may: Talk with you to see what risk factors you might have. Ask questions about your symptoms, and take a medical, mental health and social history. Talk about what you’re avoiding because of your fear. […] Generally, exposure therapy successfully treats specific phobias. But sometimes medicines can reduce the anxiety and panic symptoms you feel from thinking about or being exposed to the object or situation you fear. […] If you’ve made the choice to seek help for a specific phobia, you’ve taken a huge first step. You may start by talking to your doctor or other primary care provider. Depending on your situation, you may be referred to a mental health professional to identify the problem and get proper treatment.

• #110 Phobia diagnosis – Mental Health UK

  https://mentalhealth-uk.org/help-and-information/conditions/phobias/diagnosis/

  Phobias, especially specific ones, are not always formally diagnosed, especially if the individual can avoid or manage the engagement with the activity or object thereby reducing its impact on daily life. […] It may feel like your symptoms cannot improve, but treatment and recovery from phobia is possible.

• #111 Specific Phobias – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/specific-phobias

  Specific phobias involve persistent, unrealistic, intense anxiety about and fear of specific situations, circumstances, or objects. […] The diagnosis is usually obvious based on symptoms. […] A doctor’s evaluation, based on standard psychiatric diagnostic criteria. […] Doctors diagnose a specific phobia when people have fear or anxiety that involves all of the following: Is intense and has been present 6 months or longer, Concerns a specific situation or object, Occurs immediately when the situation or object is encountered, Leads to avoidance of the situation or object, Is out of proportion to the actual danger, Causes significant distress or significantly impairs functioning. […] Also, doctors rule out other mental health disorders that can cause similar symptoms, such as agoraphobia, social anxiety, or a stress disorder. […] Exposure therapy is the treatment of choice. […] Exposure therapy helps more than 90% of people who do it faithfully. […] It is almost always the only treatment needed for specific phobias. […] Medications are not very useful in helping people overcome specific phobias.

• #112 Phobias – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/693

  Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions. […] Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations. […] Key diagnostic factors include anticipatory anxiety and behavioral avoidance. […] Other diagnostic factors include onset during childhood, onset during early adulthood, nausea, dizziness, disgust, fainting, tachycardia, hyperventilation, exaggerated startle, and sleep disruption. […] 1st tests to order include self-report and behavioral observation and approach tests. […] Tests to consider include structured/semi-structured clinical interview.

• #113 Phobias: Symptoms, types, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249347

  A phobia is a type of anxiety disorder that causes an individual to experience extreme, irrational fear about a situation, living creature, place, or object. […] Phobias are diagnosable mental disorders. […] A phobia becomes diagnosable when a person begins organizing their lives around avoiding the cause of their fear. It is more severe than a normal fear reaction. People with a phobia have an overpowering need to avoid anything that triggers their anxiety. […] Phobias are highly treatable, and people who have them are nearly always aware of their disorder. This helps diagnosis a great deal. […] Most phobias can be cured with appropriate treatment. There is no single treatment that works for every person with a phobia. Treatment needs to be tailored to the individual for it to work.

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