Dziecięca apraksja mowy
Zapobieganie i profilaktyka

Dziecięca apraksja mowy (CAS) to zaburzenie motoryczno-mowne o nie do końca poznanej etiologii, które wymaga wczesnej diagnozy i intensywnej terapii logopedycznej. Brak skutecznych metod zapobiegania wynika z niepełnej znajomości przyczyn, choć w niektórych przypadkach możliwe jest powiązanie z wariantami genetycznymi, co uzasadnia konsultacje genetyczne u planujących ciążę. W odróżnieniu od opóźnienia rozwoju mowy, CAS nie ustępuje samoistnie i wymaga specjalistycznej interwencji. Optymalna terapia powinna obejmować sesje indywidualne 3-5 razy w tygodniu, trwające od 30 do 60 minut, z aktywnym zaangażowaniem rodziców w terapię domową. Intensywność terapii, zgodnie z zasadami uczenia się motorycznego (Principles of Motor Learning, PML), jest kluczowa dla poprawy planowania i programowania motorycznego, a metody takie jak Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cueing (DTTC) wykazują skuteczność w poprawie zdolności mowy u dzieci z CAS.

  1. Profilaktyka Dziecięcej Apraksji Mowy
    1. Wczesna diagnoza jako element profilaktyki
  2. Intensywna terapia jako metoda przeciwdziałania długotrwałym skutkom
    1. Optymalny model terapii
    2. Zasady uczenia się motorycznego
  3. Rola rodziny i domowej terapii w profilaktyce
    1. Terapia domowa jako uzupełnienie profesjonalnej interwencji
    2. Wyzwania związane z terapią domową
  4. Edukacja i współpraca wielodyscyplinarna
    1. Współpraca interdyscyplinarna
  5. Implikacje dla praktyki klinicznej
    1. Kolejne rozdziały

Profilaktyka Dziecięcej Apraksji Mowy

Dziecięca apraksja mowy (ang. Childhood Apraxia of Speech, CAS) jest zaburzeniem motoryczno-mownym, które stanowi poważny problem diagnostyczny i terapeutyczny. Niestety, nie istnieje skuteczna metoda zapobiegania rozwojowi dziecięcej apraksji mowy, ponieważ przyczyny tego zaburzenia nie zostały w pełni poznane i ustalone.12 W niektórych przypadkach CAS może być powiązana z wariantami genetycznymi, dlatego osoby planujące ciążę mogą rozważyć konsultację genetyczną w celu oceny ryzyka urodzenia dziecka z predyspozycjami genetycznymi do tego zaburzenia.3

Wczesna diagnoza jako element profilaktyki

Chociaż nie można całkowicie zapobiec wystąpieniu dziecięcej apraksji mowy, wczesna diagnoza i rozpoczęcie odpowiedniego leczenia mogą znacząco zmniejszyć ryzyko długoterminowego utrzymywania się problemów z mową.45 Istotne jest, aby dziecko zostało poddane ocenie przez logopedę natychmiast po zauważeniu jakichkolwiek problemów z mową.6 Możliwa jest diagnoza dziecięcej apraksji mowy u małych dzieci, co umożliwia rozpoczęcie właściwego leczenia jak najwcześniej i zmniejsza długoterminową ciężkość zaburzenia.7

W przeciwieństwie do opóźnienia rozwoju mowy, które może ustąpić samoistnie, dziecięca apraksja mowy wymaga specjalistycznej interwencji. Dzieci z apraksją mowy nie przezwyciężą jej samodzielnie ani nie nabędą podstawowych umiejętności mowy poprzez przebywanie z innymi dziećmi.8 Należy podkreślić, że bez odpowiedniego leczenia dziecięca apraksja mowy nie ustąpi, a dziecko nie wyrośnie z niej samoistnie.9

Intensywna terapia jako metoda przeciwdziałania długotrwałym skutkom

Kluczowym elementem profilaktyki długofalowych skutków dziecięcej apraksji mowy jest wdrożenie odpowiednio intensywnej terapii logopedycznej. Badania naukowe jednoznacznie wskazują, że dzieci z CAS wymagają intensywnej terapii mowy, aby skutecznie zaadresować problemy z planowaniem i programowaniem motorycznym, które są istotą ich trudności.10

Optymalny model terapii

W literaturze przedmiotu kształtuje się konsensus, że optymalna terapia dziecięcej apraksji mowy powinna obejmować:11

  • Częstotliwość sesji: przynajmniej 3-5 razy w tygodniu1213
  • Czas trwania sesji: od 30 do 60 minut14
  • Charakter terapii: indywidualne podejście do dziecka15
  • Zaangażowanie rodziców w terapię domową16

Badania wskazują, że terapia prowadzona z większą intensywnością (2 razy w tygodniu) prowadzi do znacznie lepszych wyników w zakresie artykulacji i funkcjonalnej komunikacji w porównaniu z terapią o niższej intensywności (1 raz w tygodniu).17 Udowodniono, że intensywna terapia logopedyczna jest kluczowa dla uzyskania pozytywnych efektów terapeutycznych u dzieci z ciężkimi zaburzeniami mowy.18

Zasady uczenia się motorycznego

W podejściu profilaktycznym do dziecięcej apraksji mowy kluczowe znaczenie mają zasady uczenia się motorycznego (ang. Principles of Motor Learning, PML).19 Intensywność terapii jest tą zasadą, która ma największe wsparcie w dowodach naukowych w odniesieniu do dzieci z CAS – wyższa liczba sesji i większa liczba prób ćwiczeniowych podczas jednej sesji przynosi najlepsze efekty w ramach jednego bloku terapeutycznego.20

Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cueing (DTTC) jest podejściem terapeutycznym ukierunkowanym na aspekty motoryczne, zaprojektowanym specjalnie dla dzieci z dziecięcą apraksją mowy.21 Badania wskazują, że intensywne wdrożenie tego podejścia może znacząco poprawić zdolności mowy u dzieci z CAS.22

Rola rodziny i domowej terapii w profilaktyce

Zaangażowanie rodziny w terapię dziecka z apraksją mowy jest niezbędnym elementem skutecznej profilaktyki długotrwałych konsekwencji tego zaburzenia.23 Jedną z metod przezwyciężania barier w dostępie do intensywnej terapii logopedycznej, zwłaszcza na obszarach wiejskich i oddalonych, jest szkolenie rodziców do prowadzenia terapii domowej.24

Terapia domowa jako uzupełnienie profesjonalnej interwencji

Ćwiczenia w domu mają bardzo istotne znaczenie w terapii dziecięcej apraksji mowy. Rodziny często otrzymują zadania, które pomagają dziecku rozwijać umiejętności i stosować nowe strategie poza gabinetem terapeutycznym, co zapewnia optymalny postęp w terapii.25 Praktyka w warunkach domowych wspiera utrwalanie umiejętności nabytych podczas profesjonalnych sesji terapeutycznych.

Leczenie dziecięcej apraksji mowy wymaga czasu i zaangażowania. Dzieci z CAS potrzebują wspierającego środowiska, które pomaga im osiągnąć sukces w komunikacji.26 Chociaż dziecko z apraksją może z czasem poprawić swoją mowę, musi mieć wsparcie rodziny i dostęp do opcji leczenia oraz innych zasobów, aby odnieść sukces.27

Wyzwania związane z terapią domową

Obecnie istnieją ograniczone badania dotyczące skuteczności szkolenia rodziców w prowadzeniu ustrukturyzowanego programu leczenia CAS, szczególnie w kontekście lokalizacji wiejskich i oddalonych.28 Złożoność życia w odległych lokalizacjach może utrudniać regularne i intensywne sesje terapii domowej.29 Dlatego konieczne są dalsze badania nad skutecznością szkolenia innych profesjonalistów wspierających dziecko w jego środowisku, aby zapewnić tę terapię.30

Edukacja i współpraca wielodyscyplinarna

Istotnym elementem profilaktyki długofalowych skutków dziecięcej apraksji mowy jest edukacja rodzin i specjalistów na temat tego zaburzenia oraz opartych na dowodach praktyk terapeutycznych.31 Fundacje i organizacje zajmujące się dziecięcą apraksją mowy mają za cel dostarczanie informacji, które pomagają rodzicom i logopedom podejmować świadome decyzje dotyczące optymalnej długości i częstotliwości sesji terapeutycznych, aby zmaksymalizować postępy dzieci z CAS.32

Współpraca interdyscyplinarna

W przypadku dzieci z dziecięcą apraksją mowy i współwystępującymi trudnościami w koordynacji motorycznej szczególnie wartościowa jest współpraca interdyscyplinarna (ang. Interprofessional Collaborative Practice, IPCP).33 Podejście to angażuje specjalistów z różnych dziedzin w celu zapewnienia kompleksowej opieki i leczenia.

Badania ukierunkowane są również na informowanie o najlepszych praktykach w zakresie świadczenia usług klinicznych i pomaganie rodzinom w podejmowaniu kluczowych decyzji dotyczących optymalnej opieki nad ich dziećmi.34 Edukowanie samego siebie na temat apraksji jest doskonałym sposobem na zrozumienie, czym jest to zaburzenie i gromadzenie możliwych opcji leczenia dla dziecka.35

Wczesne oznaki apraksji oraz strategie, którymi można się dzielić z rodzicami, są również przedmiotem badań i publikacji, co wspiera profilaktykę i wczesną interwencję w przypadku dziecięcej apraksji mowy.36

Implikacje dla praktyki klinicznej

Wyniki badań nad intensywnością leczenia dziecięcej apraksji mowy mogą pozwolić na modyfikację świadczenia usług i ułatwić opracowanie ścieżki opieki opartej na dowodach dla dzieci z CAS.37 Badania sugerują znaczenie dalszych prac nad rolą zasad uczenia się motorycznego w leczeniu CAS oraz wartość stosowania podejścia opartego na intensywnej terapii w leczeniu dziecięcej apraksji mowy.38

Skupienie interwencji w przypadku CAS powinno być ukierunkowane na poprawę planowania, sekwencjonowania i koordynacji ruchów mięśni niezbędnych do produkcji mowy.39 Większość dzieci z apraksją mowy odniesie korzyści ze spotkań indywidualnych z logopedą co najmniej trzy do pięciu razy w tygodniu.40

Chociaż nie ma lekarstwa, a dziecko nie wyrośnie z apraksji samoistnie, dzieci z dziecięcą apraksją mowy mogą poczynić znaczne postępy dzięki ciężkiej pracy i odpowiedniemu wsparciu.41 Wielu z nich korzysta z ćwiczenia powtarzania dźwięków, słów i fraz, co jest podstawą terapii tego zaburzenia.42

Kolejne rozdziały

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  1. 10.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Childhood Apraxia of Speech – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://www.stamurai.com/blog/childhood-apraxia-of-speech-causes-symptoms-treatment/
    It is difficult to predict which children will develop apraxia of speech. Since the causes of childhood apraxia of speech are still not well-established, it is indeed challenging to prevent it. […] However, it is possible to diagnose childhood apraxia of speech in young children. Starting the correct treatment as early as possible reduces the long-term severity of the disorder.
  • #2 Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17911-childhood-apraxia-of-speech
    Theres no way to prevent childhood apraxia of speech. But some cases of CAS link to genetic variants. So, if you plan on becoming pregnant, you may want to ask your provider about genetic counseling to assess your risk of having a child with a genetic condition.
  • #3 Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS): Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17911-childhood-apraxia-of-speech
    Theres no way to prevent childhood apraxia of speech. But some cases of CAS link to genetic variants. So, if you plan on becoming pregnant, you may want to ask your provider about genetic counseling to assess your risk of having a child with a genetic condition.
  • #4 Childhood apraxia of speech – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-apraxia-of-speech/symptoms-causes/syc-20352045
    Diagnosing and treating childhood apraxia of speech at an early stage may reduce the risk of long-term persistence of the problem. […] If your child experiences speech problems, have a speech-language pathologist evaluate your child as soon as you notice any speech problems.
  • #5 Childhood apraxia of speech – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube
    https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/childhood-apraxia-of-speech/
    Diagnosing and treating childhood apraxia of speech at an early stage may reduce the risk of long-term persistence of the problem. If your child experiences speech problems, it’s a good idea to have a speech-language pathologist evaluate your child as soon as you notice any speech problems.
  • #6 Childhood apraxia of speech – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-apraxia-of-speech/symptoms-causes/syc-20352045
    Diagnosing and treating childhood apraxia of speech at an early stage may reduce the risk of long-term persistence of the problem. […] If your child experiences speech problems, have a speech-language pathologist evaluate your child as soon as you notice any speech problems.
  • #7 Childhood Apraxia of Speech – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
    https://www.stamurai.com/blog/childhood-apraxia-of-speech-causes-symptoms-treatment/
    It is difficult to predict which children will develop apraxia of speech. Since the causes of childhood apraxia of speech are still not well-established, it is indeed challenging to prevent it. […] However, it is possible to diagnose childhood apraxia of speech in young children. Starting the correct treatment as early as possible reduces the long-term severity of the disorder.
  • #8 What Is Apraxia of Speech – Common Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.expressable.com/services/apraxia-of-speech
    Childhood apraxia of speech can often be confused with delay in speech, in which a child follows a typical path of speech development but at a much slower rate than normal. While many children may outgrow a speech delay, this is not the case for apraxia. Children with apraxia often will not make progress without treatment. […] Many children with childhood apraxia of speech benefit from practicing the repetition of sounds, words and phrases. […] As mentioned, children with apraxia will not outgrow it on their own, nor will they acquire the basics of speech by being around other children.
  • #9 Can a Child with Apraxia Improve Speech? – ENT Physicians Inc
    https://entphysiciansinc.com/can-a-child-with-apraxia-improve-speech/
    Childhood apraxia of speech will not go away without treatment. […] However, a child with apraxia can improve speech over time with the correct treatment and intervention. […] Most children with apraxia of speech will benefit from meeting one on one with a speech-language pathologist at least three to five times a week. […] While a child with apraxia can improve speech over time, they must have the support of family and access to treatment options and other resources to succeed. […] While there is no cure and a child will not outgrow it on their own, children with childhood apraxia of speech can make great progress with lots of hard work and support. […] Educating yourself about apraxia is an excellent way to understand what it is and gather possible treatment options for your child.
  • #10 Frequent & Intensive Speech Therapy – Apraxia Kids
    https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/frequent-intensive-speech-therapy/
    Children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) are often described as needing frequent and intensive speech therapy services in order to address the speech motor planning and programming issues that are at the heart of their speech difficulty. […] It is commonly agreed that children with CAS need intensive speech therapy (McCauley Strand, 2008). […] Given the need for repetitive planning, programming, and production practice in motor speech disorders, clinical sources stress the need for intensive and individualized treatment of apraxia, especially for children with very little functional communication. […] Results suggested that higher treatment intensity was favourable than lower treatment intensity of specific treatment technique(s) for treating childhood apraxia of speech and speech sound (phonological) disorders.
  • #11 Frequent & Intensive Speech Therapy – Apraxia Kids
    https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/frequent-intensive-speech-therapy/
    There is evidence that speech therapy provided in frequent sessions multiple times per week can yield superior outcomes over traditional, less frequent service delivery. […] To summarize, although there are differences in definitions of intensive remediation for children with CAS, there appears to be emerging consensus within the literature that therapy should be conducted at least three to five times weekly, in sessions lasting between 30 and 60 minutes each, and that the intervention should be conducted on an individual basis. […] Regardless of the primary deficit, children with severe speech impairment need intensive speech therapy early on. […] Intensive treatment delivery in impairment-based intervention appears crucial for obtaining positive treatment outcomes. […] The principle of motor learning that has the greatest evidence supporting its use in children with CAS is that of treatment intensity where a higher number of sessions and practice trials per session results in the greatest gains within one block of treatment. […] Children with CAS who received 2/week (higher intensity) individual MSTP intervention for 10 weeks demonstrated significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with those who received 1/week (lower intensity) intervention.
  • #12 Frequent & Intensive Speech Therapy – Apraxia Kids
    https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/frequent-intensive-speech-therapy/
    There is evidence that speech therapy provided in frequent sessions multiple times per week can yield superior outcomes over traditional, less frequent service delivery. […] To summarize, although there are differences in definitions of intensive remediation for children with CAS, there appears to be emerging consensus within the literature that therapy should be conducted at least three to five times weekly, in sessions lasting between 30 and 60 minutes each, and that the intervention should be conducted on an individual basis. […] Regardless of the primary deficit, children with severe speech impairment need intensive speech therapy early on. […] Intensive treatment delivery in impairment-based intervention appears crucial for obtaining positive treatment outcomes. […] The principle of motor learning that has the greatest evidence supporting its use in children with CAS is that of treatment intensity where a higher number of sessions and practice trials per session results in the greatest gains within one block of treatment. […] Children with CAS who received 2/week (higher intensity) individual MSTP intervention for 10 weeks demonstrated significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with those who received 1/week (lower intensity) intervention.
  • #13 Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre -FacebookInstagramLinkedInTwitter
    https://apraxiaspeechtherapy.ca/apraxia/
    Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre provides comprehensive intervention specific to motor speech disorders including Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). […] While we know only 3 – 5% of preschool children with a speech difficulty will indeed have CAS, we also know that early, intensive and appropriate apraxia therapy is the best and most effective treatment. […] Research shows the children with CAS have more success when they receive frequent (3-5 times per week) and intensive treatment. […] The focus of intervention for CAS is on improving the planning, sequencing, and coordination of muscle movements for speech production. […] Practice at home is very important. Families will often be given assignments to help the child progress and allow the child to use new strategies outside of the treatment room, and to assure optimal progress in therapy. […] One of the most important things for the family to remember is that treatment of apraxia of speech takes time and commitment. Children with CAS need a supportive environment that helps them feel successful with communication.
  • #14 Frequent & Intensive Speech Therapy – Apraxia Kids
    https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/frequent-intensive-speech-therapy/
    There is evidence that speech therapy provided in frequent sessions multiple times per week can yield superior outcomes over traditional, less frequent service delivery. […] To summarize, although there are differences in definitions of intensive remediation for children with CAS, there appears to be emerging consensus within the literature that therapy should be conducted at least three to five times weekly, in sessions lasting between 30 and 60 minutes each, and that the intervention should be conducted on an individual basis. […] Regardless of the primary deficit, children with severe speech impairment need intensive speech therapy early on. […] Intensive treatment delivery in impairment-based intervention appears crucial for obtaining positive treatment outcomes. […] The principle of motor learning that has the greatest evidence supporting its use in children with CAS is that of treatment intensity where a higher number of sessions and practice trials per session results in the greatest gains within one block of treatment. […] Children with CAS who received 2/week (higher intensity) individual MSTP intervention for 10 weeks demonstrated significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with those who received 1/week (lower intensity) intervention.
  • #15 Frequent & Intensive Speech Therapy – Apraxia Kids
    https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/frequent-intensive-speech-therapy/
    There is evidence that speech therapy provided in frequent sessions multiple times per week can yield superior outcomes over traditional, less frequent service delivery. […] To summarize, although there are differences in definitions of intensive remediation for children with CAS, there appears to be emerging consensus within the literature that therapy should be conducted at least three to five times weekly, in sessions lasting between 30 and 60 minutes each, and that the intervention should be conducted on an individual basis. […] Regardless of the primary deficit, children with severe speech impairment need intensive speech therapy early on. […] Intensive treatment delivery in impairment-based intervention appears crucial for obtaining positive treatment outcomes. […] The principle of motor learning that has the greatest evidence supporting its use in children with CAS is that of treatment intensity where a higher number of sessions and practice trials per session results in the greatest gains within one block of treatment. […] Children with CAS who received 2/week (higher intensity) individual MSTP intervention for 10 weeks demonstrated significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with those who received 1/week (lower intensity) intervention.
  • #16 Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre -FacebookInstagramLinkedInTwitter
    https://apraxiaspeechtherapy.ca/apraxia/
    Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre provides comprehensive intervention specific to motor speech disorders including Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). […] While we know only 3 – 5% of preschool children with a speech difficulty will indeed have CAS, we also know that early, intensive and appropriate apraxia therapy is the best and most effective treatment. […] Research shows the children with CAS have more success when they receive frequent (3-5 times per week) and intensive treatment. […] The focus of intervention for CAS is on improving the planning, sequencing, and coordination of muscle movements for speech production. […] Practice at home is very important. Families will often be given assignments to help the child progress and allow the child to use new strategies outside of the treatment room, and to assure optimal progress in therapy. […] One of the most important things for the family to remember is that treatment of apraxia of speech takes time and commitment. Children with CAS need a supportive environment that helps them feel successful with communication.
  • #17 Treatment intensity and childhood apraxia of speech – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25581372/
    Intensive treatment has been repeatedly recommended for the treatment of speech deficits in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). […] The results indicated that only higher intensity treatment (2/week) led to significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with 1/week (lower intensity) intervention. […] Overall, the results of the current study may allow for modification of service delivery and facilitate the development of an evidence-based care pathway for children with CAS.
  • #18 Frequent & Intensive Speech Therapy – Apraxia Kids
    https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/frequent-intensive-speech-therapy/
    There is evidence that speech therapy provided in frequent sessions multiple times per week can yield superior outcomes over traditional, less frequent service delivery. […] To summarize, although there are differences in definitions of intensive remediation for children with CAS, there appears to be emerging consensus within the literature that therapy should be conducted at least three to five times weekly, in sessions lasting between 30 and 60 minutes each, and that the intervention should be conducted on an individual basis. […] Regardless of the primary deficit, children with severe speech impairment need intensive speech therapy early on. […] Intensive treatment delivery in impairment-based intervention appears crucial for obtaining positive treatment outcomes. […] The principle of motor learning that has the greatest evidence supporting its use in children with CAS is that of treatment intensity where a higher number of sessions and practice trials per session results in the greatest gains within one block of treatment. […] Children with CAS who received 2/week (higher intensity) individual MSTP intervention for 10 weeks demonstrated significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with those who received 1/week (lower intensity) intervention.
  • #19 Apraxia | SLP CEUs | All Courses | SpeechPathology.com
    https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/apraxia/
    The principles of motor learning, which are foundational for treating childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), are discussed in this course. […] Optimal treatment target selection for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) in the context of Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cuing (DTTC) is described in this course. […] A detailed overview of Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cueing (DTTC), a motor-based approach designed for children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS), is provided in this course. […] Based on the textbook Heres How to Treat Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS): Third Edition, this course discusses the most current research regarding the nature of CAS, best practices in evaluation, and effective treatment approaches, along with considerations related to motor learning and co-occurring challenges.
  • #20 Frequent & Intensive Speech Therapy – Apraxia Kids
    https://www.apraxia-kids.org/apraxia_kids_library/frequent-intensive-speech-therapy/
    There is evidence that speech therapy provided in frequent sessions multiple times per week can yield superior outcomes over traditional, less frequent service delivery. […] To summarize, although there are differences in definitions of intensive remediation for children with CAS, there appears to be emerging consensus within the literature that therapy should be conducted at least three to five times weekly, in sessions lasting between 30 and 60 minutes each, and that the intervention should be conducted on an individual basis. […] Regardless of the primary deficit, children with severe speech impairment need intensive speech therapy early on. […] Intensive treatment delivery in impairment-based intervention appears crucial for obtaining positive treatment outcomes. […] The principle of motor learning that has the greatest evidence supporting its use in children with CAS is that of treatment intensity where a higher number of sessions and practice trials per session results in the greatest gains within one block of treatment. […] Children with CAS who received 2/week (higher intensity) individual MSTP intervention for 10 weeks demonstrated significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with those who received 1/week (lower intensity) intervention.
  • #21 Apraxia | SLP CEUs | All Courses | SpeechPathology.com
    https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/apraxia/
    The principles of motor learning, which are foundational for treating childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), are discussed in this course. […] Optimal treatment target selection for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) in the context of Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cuing (DTTC) is described in this course. […] A detailed overview of Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cueing (DTTC), a motor-based approach designed for children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS), is provided in this course. […] Based on the textbook Heres How to Treat Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS): Third Edition, this course discusses the most current research regarding the nature of CAS, best practices in evaluation, and effective treatment approaches, along with considerations related to motor learning and co-occurring challenges.
  • #22 RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 5509 – Look at Mummy: challenges in training parents to deliver a home treatment program for childhood apraxia of speech in a rural Canadian community
    https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5509/
    Currently there is limited research into the effectiveness in training parents to deliver a structured treatment program for CAS, particularly within the context of a rural/remote location. […] Nonetheless, with research evidence strongly supporting more intensive therapy for best intervention outcomes, documented inequities in rural and remote speech pathology service delivery, the effectiveness and feasibility of training parents to deliver therapy at home for their children with CAS in a rural/remote location needs to be further explored. […] The present study explored the effectiveness of a parent training program that used DTTC to improve the speech skills of children with CAS living in a remote location. […] This research study aimed to explore the effectiveness of training parents in a rural and remote community to deliver a home treatment program for children with CAS in order to address the lack of adequate speech pathology services. […] The complexities of living in a remote location may make regular and intensive home therapy sessions difficult. […] Therefore, further research into the efficacy of training other support professionals in a child’s life to provide this therapy is required.
  • #23 Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre -FacebookInstagramLinkedInTwitter
    https://apraxiaspeechtherapy.ca/apraxia/
    Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre provides comprehensive intervention specific to motor speech disorders including Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). […] While we know only 3 – 5% of preschool children with a speech difficulty will indeed have CAS, we also know that early, intensive and appropriate apraxia therapy is the best and most effective treatment. […] Research shows the children with CAS have more success when they receive frequent (3-5 times per week) and intensive treatment. […] The focus of intervention for CAS is on improving the planning, sequencing, and coordination of muscle movements for speech production. […] Practice at home is very important. Families will often be given assignments to help the child progress and allow the child to use new strategies outside of the treatment room, and to assure optimal progress in therapy. […] One of the most important things for the family to remember is that treatment of apraxia of speech takes time and commitment. Children with CAS need a supportive environment that helps them feel successful with communication.
  • #24 RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 5509 – Look at Mummy: challenges in training parents to deliver a home treatment program for childhood apraxia of speech in a rural Canadian community
    https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5509/
    Children needing speech pathology intervention in rural and remote locations face barriers in accessing services. […] Barriers to service delivery are particularly problematic for children with long-term conditions such as childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), a severe speech disorder in which children experience difficulty in forming appropriate motor plans for speech sounds and that is often difficult to treat. […] Current research into the treatment of CAS suggests that treatment is more effective if it is provided intensively. […] However, in the reality of clinical practice, particularly within a rural and remote context, it may be challenging for a child with CAS to access services that provide a similar level of treatment intensity. […] Within speech pathology service delivery, many speech language pathologists (SLPs) train parents to provide home-based treatment as a means of overcoming service delivery barriers such as the inability to provide adequately intensive treatment.
  • #25 Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre -FacebookInstagramLinkedInTwitter
    https://apraxiaspeechtherapy.ca/apraxia/
    Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre provides comprehensive intervention specific to motor speech disorders including Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). […] While we know only 3 – 5% of preschool children with a speech difficulty will indeed have CAS, we also know that early, intensive and appropriate apraxia therapy is the best and most effective treatment. […] Research shows the children with CAS have more success when they receive frequent (3-5 times per week) and intensive treatment. […] The focus of intervention for CAS is on improving the planning, sequencing, and coordination of muscle movements for speech production. […] Practice at home is very important. Families will often be given assignments to help the child progress and allow the child to use new strategies outside of the treatment room, and to assure optimal progress in therapy. […] One of the most important things for the family to remember is that treatment of apraxia of speech takes time and commitment. Children with CAS need a supportive environment that helps them feel successful with communication.
  • #26 Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre -FacebookInstagramLinkedInTwitter
    https://apraxiaspeechtherapy.ca/apraxia/
    Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre provides comprehensive intervention specific to motor speech disorders including Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). […] While we know only 3 – 5% of preschool children with a speech difficulty will indeed have CAS, we also know that early, intensive and appropriate apraxia therapy is the best and most effective treatment. […] Research shows the children with CAS have more success when they receive frequent (3-5 times per week) and intensive treatment. […] The focus of intervention for CAS is on improving the planning, sequencing, and coordination of muscle movements for speech production. […] Practice at home is very important. Families will often be given assignments to help the child progress and allow the child to use new strategies outside of the treatment room, and to assure optimal progress in therapy. […] One of the most important things for the family to remember is that treatment of apraxia of speech takes time and commitment. Children with CAS need a supportive environment that helps them feel successful with communication.
  • #27 Can a Child with Apraxia Improve Speech? – ENT Physicians Inc
    https://entphysiciansinc.com/can-a-child-with-apraxia-improve-speech/
    Childhood apraxia of speech will not go away without treatment. […] However, a child with apraxia can improve speech over time with the correct treatment and intervention. […] Most children with apraxia of speech will benefit from meeting one on one with a speech-language pathologist at least three to five times a week. […] While a child with apraxia can improve speech over time, they must have the support of family and access to treatment options and other resources to succeed. […] While there is no cure and a child will not outgrow it on their own, children with childhood apraxia of speech can make great progress with lots of hard work and support. […] Educating yourself about apraxia is an excellent way to understand what it is and gather possible treatment options for your child.
  • #28 RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 5509 – Look at Mummy: challenges in training parents to deliver a home treatment program for childhood apraxia of speech in a rural Canadian community
    https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5509/
    Currently there is limited research into the effectiveness in training parents to deliver a structured treatment program for CAS, particularly within the context of a rural/remote location. […] Nonetheless, with research evidence strongly supporting more intensive therapy for best intervention outcomes, documented inequities in rural and remote speech pathology service delivery, the effectiveness and feasibility of training parents to deliver therapy at home for their children with CAS in a rural/remote location needs to be further explored. […] The present study explored the effectiveness of a parent training program that used DTTC to improve the speech skills of children with CAS living in a remote location. […] This research study aimed to explore the effectiveness of training parents in a rural and remote community to deliver a home treatment program for children with CAS in order to address the lack of adequate speech pathology services. […] The complexities of living in a remote location may make regular and intensive home therapy sessions difficult. […] Therefore, further research into the efficacy of training other support professionals in a child’s life to provide this therapy is required.
  • #29 RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 5509 – Look at Mummy: challenges in training parents to deliver a home treatment program for childhood apraxia of speech in a rural Canadian community
    https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5509/
    Currently there is limited research into the effectiveness in training parents to deliver a structured treatment program for CAS, particularly within the context of a rural/remote location. […] Nonetheless, with research evidence strongly supporting more intensive therapy for best intervention outcomes, documented inequities in rural and remote speech pathology service delivery, the effectiveness and feasibility of training parents to deliver therapy at home for their children with CAS in a rural/remote location needs to be further explored. […] The present study explored the effectiveness of a parent training program that used DTTC to improve the speech skills of children with CAS living in a remote location. […] This research study aimed to explore the effectiveness of training parents in a rural and remote community to deliver a home treatment program for children with CAS in order to address the lack of adequate speech pathology services. […] The complexities of living in a remote location may make regular and intensive home therapy sessions difficult. […] Therefore, further research into the efficacy of training other support professionals in a child’s life to provide this therapy is required.
  • #30 RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 5509 – Look at Mummy: challenges in training parents to deliver a home treatment program for childhood apraxia of speech in a rural Canadian community
    https://www.rrh.org.au/journal/article/5509/
    Currently there is limited research into the effectiveness in training parents to deliver a structured treatment program for CAS, particularly within the context of a rural/remote location. […] Nonetheless, with research evidence strongly supporting more intensive therapy for best intervention outcomes, documented inequities in rural and remote speech pathology service delivery, the effectiveness and feasibility of training parents to deliver therapy at home for their children with CAS in a rural/remote location needs to be further explored. […] The present study explored the effectiveness of a parent training program that used DTTC to improve the speech skills of children with CAS living in a remote location. […] This research study aimed to explore the effectiveness of training parents in a rural and remote community to deliver a home treatment program for children with CAS in order to address the lack of adequate speech pathology services. […] The complexities of living in a remote location may make regular and intensive home therapy sessions difficult. […] Therefore, further research into the efficacy of training other support professionals in a child’s life to provide this therapy is required.
  • #31 Once Upon a Time Foundation
    https://onceuponatime.org/casresources/
    The mission of Child Apraxia Treatment is to help children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) by educating families and speech-language pathologists about evidence-based treatment practices. […] The Foundations goal for this project is to provide information to help parents and speech-language pathologists make informed decisions about length of therapy sessions to maximize progress for children with CAS. […] The Foundations goal for the study is to provide information to help parents and speech-language pathologists make informed decisions about the best use of therapy session time and to maximize progress for children with CAS. […] The goal of this study is to inform best practice for clinical service provision and help families to make key decisions regarding optimal care for their children during these uncertain times.
  • #32 Once Upon a Time Foundation
    https://onceuponatime.org/casresources/
    The mission of Child Apraxia Treatment is to help children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) by educating families and speech-language pathologists about evidence-based treatment practices. […] The Foundations goal for this project is to provide information to help parents and speech-language pathologists make informed decisions about length of therapy sessions to maximize progress for children with CAS. […] The Foundations goal for the study is to provide information to help parents and speech-language pathologists make informed decisions about the best use of therapy session time and to maximize progress for children with CAS. […] The goal of this study is to inform best practice for clinical service provision and help families to make key decisions regarding optimal care for their children during these uncertain times.
  • #33 Apraxia | SLP CEUs | All Courses | SpeechPathology.com
    https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/apraxia/
    Interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and co-occurring motor coordination difficulties is explored in this course. […] This podcast discusses the early signs of apraxia and describes strategies to share with parents. Resources that can be helpful for treating apraxia are also reviewed.
  • #34 Once Upon a Time Foundation
    https://onceuponatime.org/casresources/
    The mission of Child Apraxia Treatment is to help children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) by educating families and speech-language pathologists about evidence-based treatment practices. […] The Foundations goal for this project is to provide information to help parents and speech-language pathologists make informed decisions about length of therapy sessions to maximize progress for children with CAS. […] The Foundations goal for the study is to provide information to help parents and speech-language pathologists make informed decisions about the best use of therapy session time and to maximize progress for children with CAS. […] The goal of this study is to inform best practice for clinical service provision and help families to make key decisions regarding optimal care for their children during these uncertain times.
  • #35 Can a Child with Apraxia Improve Speech? – ENT Physicians Inc
    https://entphysiciansinc.com/can-a-child-with-apraxia-improve-speech/
    Childhood apraxia of speech will not go away without treatment. […] However, a child with apraxia can improve speech over time with the correct treatment and intervention. […] Most children with apraxia of speech will benefit from meeting one on one with a speech-language pathologist at least three to five times a week. […] While a child with apraxia can improve speech over time, they must have the support of family and access to treatment options and other resources to succeed. […] While there is no cure and a child will not outgrow it on their own, children with childhood apraxia of speech can make great progress with lots of hard work and support. […] Educating yourself about apraxia is an excellent way to understand what it is and gather possible treatment options for your child.
  • #36 Apraxia | SLP CEUs | All Courses | SpeechPathology.com
    https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/apraxia/
    Interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and co-occurring motor coordination difficulties is explored in this course. […] This podcast discusses the early signs of apraxia and describes strategies to share with parents. Resources that can be helpful for treating apraxia are also reviewed.
  • #37 Treatment intensity and childhood apraxia of speech – PubMed
    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25581372/
    Intensive treatment has been repeatedly recommended for the treatment of speech deficits in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). […] The results indicated that only higher intensity treatment (2/week) led to significantly better outcomes for articulation and functional communication compared with 1/week (lower intensity) intervention. […] Overall, the results of the current study may allow for modification of service delivery and facilitate the development of an evidence-based care pathway for children with CAS.
  • #38 TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF SPEECH: A SINGLE-CASE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN STUDY OF INTENSITY OF TREATMENT
    https://scholarshare.temple.edu/items/e975d286-d93f-460e-8364-1aa3086faa2a
    Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a pediatric motor-speech disorder which has been controversial due to its difficulty to diagnose and little progress in treatment. […] The purpose of the present study was to examine a principle of motor learning (PML) within the context of an evidence-based treatment for this disorder, as a way to improve outcomes for children with CAS. […] Implications from this study suggest the importance of continued research examining the role of PML in CAS treatment and the value of using a massed-treatment approach when treating CAS.
  • #39 Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre -FacebookInstagramLinkedInTwitter
    https://apraxiaspeechtherapy.ca/apraxia/
    Childhood Apraxia & Speech Therapy Centre provides comprehensive intervention specific to motor speech disorders including Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). […] While we know only 3 – 5% of preschool children with a speech difficulty will indeed have CAS, we also know that early, intensive and appropriate apraxia therapy is the best and most effective treatment. […] Research shows the children with CAS have more success when they receive frequent (3-5 times per week) and intensive treatment. […] The focus of intervention for CAS is on improving the planning, sequencing, and coordination of muscle movements for speech production. […] Practice at home is very important. Families will often be given assignments to help the child progress and allow the child to use new strategies outside of the treatment room, and to assure optimal progress in therapy. […] One of the most important things for the family to remember is that treatment of apraxia of speech takes time and commitment. Children with CAS need a supportive environment that helps them feel successful with communication.
  • #40 Can a Child with Apraxia Improve Speech? – ENT Physicians Inc
    https://entphysiciansinc.com/can-a-child-with-apraxia-improve-speech/
    Childhood apraxia of speech will not go away without treatment. […] However, a child with apraxia can improve speech over time with the correct treatment and intervention. […] Most children with apraxia of speech will benefit from meeting one on one with a speech-language pathologist at least three to five times a week. […] While a child with apraxia can improve speech over time, they must have the support of family and access to treatment options and other resources to succeed. […] While there is no cure and a child will not outgrow it on their own, children with childhood apraxia of speech can make great progress with lots of hard work and support. […] Educating yourself about apraxia is an excellent way to understand what it is and gather possible treatment options for your child.
  • #41 Can a Child with Apraxia Improve Speech? – ENT Physicians Inc
    https://entphysiciansinc.com/can-a-child-with-apraxia-improve-speech/
    Childhood apraxia of speech will not go away without treatment. […] However, a child with apraxia can improve speech over time with the correct treatment and intervention. […] Most children with apraxia of speech will benefit from meeting one on one with a speech-language pathologist at least three to five times a week. […] While a child with apraxia can improve speech over time, they must have the support of family and access to treatment options and other resources to succeed. […] While there is no cure and a child will not outgrow it on their own, children with childhood apraxia of speech can make great progress with lots of hard work and support. […] Educating yourself about apraxia is an excellent way to understand what it is and gather possible treatment options for your child.
  • #42 What Is Apraxia of Speech – Common Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
    https://www.expressable.com/services/apraxia-of-speech
    Childhood apraxia of speech can often be confused with delay in speech, in which a child follows a typical path of speech development but at a much slower rate than normal. While many children may outgrow a speech delay, this is not the case for apraxia. Children with apraxia often will not make progress without treatment. […] Many children with childhood apraxia of speech benefit from practicing the repetition of sounds, words and phrases. […] As mentioned, children with apraxia will not outgrow it on their own, nor will they acquire the basics of speech by being around other children.

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