Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385691

  In partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, some of the pulmonary veins incorrectly send blood to the heart’s upper right chamber. That chamber is called the right atrium. Usually, oxygen-rich blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the upper left heart chamber, as shown on the left. […] Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare heart condition that’s present at birth. That means it is a congenital heart defect. […] Symptoms of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) can include trouble breathing or fatigue. Sometimes, there are no noticeable symptoms. […] PAPVR may be diagnosed soon after birth. Other times, the condition is not discovered until later in life. […] Most patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) need surgery. Surgery to repair the heart may be needed if: A lot of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mixes in the heart. The right side of the heart is a lot larger than usual. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications. It’s best to see a doctor who is trained in congenital heart diseases. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #2 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) is a spectrum of congenital heart defects where one or more but not all pulmonary veins abnormally drain into the right atrium either directly to the right atrium or through draining into systemic veins. […] The main physiologic manifestation of PAPVC is similar to atrial septal defect (ASD), which is left to right shunt at the atrial level leading to recirculation of oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vasculature. The increased blood to the left side leads to dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow. […] Clinical presentation, similar to ASD, widely varies based on the degree of left to right shunt and associated cardiac defects. […] Patients with a small degree of the shunt are usually asymptomatic, and a murmur can incidentally be found on physical exam. Moderate to large shunt leads to symptoms during childhood, but commonly these patients present with dyspnea, exertion, and other symptoms of heart failure by third to fourth decade. In late adulthood, if left untreated, a minority of patients may develop significant pulmonary hypertension leading to a reversal of shunting and development of cyanosis.

• #3 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9366027/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a spectrum of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. It is most commonly found as an incidental finding. However, it can lead to severe pulmonary hypertension depending on the magnitude of the shunt involved. […] PAPVR is uniquely found incidentally with no clinical symptoms. […] Patients with PAPVR have a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including fatigue and dyspnea progressing to heart failure as well as recurrent pneumonia. Symptoms are usually dependent on the size of the left to right shunt and if there is an associated cardiac defect, including an atrial septal defect (ASD), for instance. […] However, if there’s an involving atrial septal defect (ASD), a shunt reversal could occur, resulting in Eisenmenger’s syndrome with severe PAH.

• #4 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) is a spectrum of congenital heart defects where one or more but not all pulmonary veins abnormally drain into the right atrium either directly to the right atrium or through draining into systemic veins. […] The main physiologic manifestation of PAPVC is similar to atrial septal defect (ASD), which is left to right shunt at the atrial level leading to recirculation of oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vasculature. The increased blood to the left side leads to dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow. […] Clinical presentation, similar to ASD, widely varies based on the degree of left to right shunt and associated cardiac defects. […] Patients with a small degree of the shunt are usually asymptomatic, and a murmur can incidentally be found on physical exam. Moderate to large shunt leads to symptoms during childhood, but commonly these patients present with dyspnea, exertion, and other symptoms of heart failure by third to fourth decade. In late adulthood, if left untreated, a minority of patients may develop significant pulmonary hypertension leading to a reversal of shunting and development of cyanosis.

• #5 Transthoracic Repair Of Left-Sided Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection | CTSNet

  https://www.ctsnet.org/article/transthoracic-repair-left-sided-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) are found in less than 1% of patients with congenital heart disease. […] Operative intervention has been recommended for A) the presence of symptoms or B) in an asymptomatic patient with a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) greater than 1.5:1 or enlargement of right heart chambers, to decrease the likelihood of developing right heart failure or pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. […] The physiologic effect of a PAPVC is the creation of a left to right shunt caused by drainage of one or more pulmonary veins either directly into the right heart, or via a systemic vein. The severity of symptoms correlates with the number of segments involved, the site(s) of connection, the presence of other pulmonary vascular abnormalities or associated cardiac defects.

• #6 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Secondary to Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in an Elderly Patient | Archivos de Bronconeumología

  https://archbronconeumol.org/en-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-secondary-partial-articulo-S1579212916302816

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is an uncommon congenital abnormality that can be diagnosed in adult life, although it is more often detected during childhood. It consists of abnormal, incomplete pulmonary venous return to the systemic venous circulation (superior vena cava, azygos vein, coronary sinus, brachiocephalic vein, inferior vena cava, etc.) causing left-to-right shunt. PAPVR is more common in the right side, and is often associated with other congenital abnormalities, such as heart defects (particularly atrial septal defect), or an abnormally developed airway. […] The patient was a 76-year-old woman with no significant medical history who consulted due to progressive dyspnea, edema in the lower limbs, and discomfort in the chest and abdomen. […] PAPVR is a rare congenital abnormality that is usually diagnosed in children, although it may also be detected in adults, particularly if they develop PAH. Less than 10% of PAPVRs are left-sided, and up to 80% are associated with atrial septal defect (ASD). This case reminds us that PAPVR, if untreated, leads to volume overload of the right heart, tricuspid valve insufficiency, PAH, and finally right ventricular failure. PAPVR should always be suspected, even in elderly patients, in cases with primary or unexplained PAH.

• #7 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: To Fix or Not to Fix?

  https://scholarlycommons.hcahealthcare.com/northtexas2024/18/

  Patient presentation may vary from asymptomatic to complete right heart failure requiring heart transplant. […] PAPVR more commonly affects the right upper lobe vein and is associated with an atrial septal defect in 80-90% of cases. […] Left-sided PAPVR is only present in about 10% cases, of which the vast majority go undiagnosed until the development of symptoms or the need for pulmonary mapping in instances of percutaneous ablation for atrial fibrillation or consideration of lobectomy in lung neoplasm. […] Recent advancements in sophisticated diagnostic imaging and greater knowledge of this anatomical variation have increased the frequency with which this condition is diagnosed. […] With the suspected increase in incidence, it may be time for the creation of formal guidelines on a global scale instead of relying on recommendations on consensus of symptomatology.

• #8 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #9 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) is a spectrum of congenital heart defects where one or more but not all pulmonary veins abnormally drain into the right atrium either directly to the right atrium or through draining into systemic veins. […] The main physiologic manifestation of PAPVC is similar to atrial septal defect (ASD), which is left to right shunt at the atrial level leading to recirculation of oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vasculature. The increased blood to the left side leads to dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow. […] Clinical presentation, similar to ASD, widely varies based on the degree of left to right shunt and associated cardiac defects. […] Patients with a small degree of the shunt are usually asymptomatic, and a murmur can incidentally be found on physical exam. Moderate to large shunt leads to symptoms during childhood, but commonly these patients present with dyspnea, exertion, and other symptoms of heart failure by third to fourth decade. In late adulthood, if left untreated, a minority of patients may develop significant pulmonary hypertension leading to a reversal of shunting and development of cyanosis.

• #10 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Children with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) usually remain asymptomatic and are referred based on an incidentally noted cardiac murmur. Symptoms may occur in older patients and may be secondary to right-sided volume overload or pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. […] The development of complications from PAPVC clearly depends on how many pulmonary veins abnormally return to the right heart. A single anomalous vein is not usually hemodynamically significant and, hence, does not produce any symptoms. […] About 10% of patients with an atrial septal defect (ASD) also have PAPVC and may have symptoms of right-sided overload. […] Dyspnea may occur in adults but is rare in children. A child may experience exercise intolerance as a symptom in cases in which more than 50% of pulmonary veins anomalously drain.

• #11 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Children with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) usually remain asymptomatic and are referred based on an incidentally noted cardiac murmur. Symptoms may occur in older patients and may be secondary to right-sided volume overload or pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. […] The development of complications from PAPVC clearly depends on how many pulmonary veins abnormally return to the right heart. A single anomalous vein is not usually hemodynamically significant and, hence, does not produce any symptoms. […] About 10% of patients with an atrial septal defect (ASD) also have PAPVC and may have symptoms of right-sided overload. […] Dyspnea may occur in adults but is rare in children. A child may experience exercise intolerance as a symptom in cases in which more than 50% of pulmonary veins anomalously drain.

• #12 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #13 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #14 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #15 Partners in Care | Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/atrial-septal-defect-with-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Most children with ASD with PAPVR do not develop symptoms for many years. […] Symptoms of ASD with PAPVR may include: Frequent upper respiratory tract infections, Irregular heartbeats or palpitations, Tiring during exercise (for babies, this includes during feeding), Poor weight gain. […] Both ASD and PAPVR allow excess blood flow to the lungs and the right side of the heart, which, over time, can cause the right side of the heart to become enlarged. Excess blood flow to the lungs can also cause respiratory issues, such as rapid breathing and frequent respiratory illnesses.

• #16 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #17 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #18 Partners in Care | Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/atrial-septal-defect-with-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Most children with ASD with PAPVR do not develop symptoms for many years. […] Symptoms of ASD with PAPVR may include: Frequent upper respiratory tract infections, Irregular heartbeats or palpitations, Tiring during exercise (for babies, this includes during feeding), Poor weight gain. […] Both ASD and PAPVR allow excess blood flow to the lungs and the right side of the heart, which, over time, can cause the right side of the heart to become enlarged. Excess blood flow to the lungs can also cause respiratory issues, such as rapid breathing and frequent respiratory illnesses.

• #19 Partners in Care | Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous…

  https://partnersincare.health/conditions/atrial-septal-defect-with-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Most children with ASD with PAPVR do not develop symptoms for many years. […] Symptoms of ASD with PAPVR may include: Frequent upper respiratory tract infections, Irregular heartbeats or palpitations, Tiring during exercise (for babies, this includes during feeding), Poor weight gain. […] Both ASD and PAPVR allow excess blood flow to the lungs and the right side of the heart, which, over time, can cause the right side of the heart to become enlarged. Excess blood flow to the lungs can also cause respiratory issues, such as rapid breathing and frequent respiratory illnesses.

• #20 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Children with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) usually remain asymptomatic and are referred based on an incidentally noted cardiac murmur. Symptoms may occur in older patients and may be secondary to right-sided volume overload or pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. […] The development of complications from PAPVC clearly depends on how many pulmonary veins abnormally return to the right heart. A single anomalous vein is not usually hemodynamically significant and, hence, does not produce any symptoms. […] About 10% of patients with an atrial septal defect (ASD) also have PAPVC and may have symptoms of right-sided overload. […] Dyspnea may occur in adults but is rare in children. A child may experience exercise intolerance as a symptom in cases in which more than 50% of pulmonary veins anomalously drain.

• #21

  https://choc.congenital.org/?id=papvr2

  Normalnie, ta wada nie powoduje negatywnych objawów i dziecko rozwija się oraz zachowuje normalnie, bez potrzeby stosowania leków lub interwencji chirurgicznej. […] Jednak, jeśli 50% lub więcej żył płucnych wchodzi do prawej strony serca, lub jeśli całe płuco jest odprowadzane przez żyły płucne do prawego serca, może być konieczna chirurgiczna korekcja wady. W takich przypadkach zwiększona objętość krwi w prawym sercu może powodować powiększenie (dilatację) prawego przedsionka, prawej komory i tętnicy płucnej. […] Dziecko może również łatwo się męczyć podczas intensywnego wysiłku. Jeśli obecna jest wada przegrody międzyprzedsionkowej, dziecko może wydawać się lekko sinicze.

• #22 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #23 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return?lang=us

  Patients with large shunts may present with symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain and palpitations, signs like tachycardia and murmur can be encountered. […] Cases of secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension have been reported.

• #24 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #25 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #26 What Is Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/heart-circulatory-health/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a genetic cardiac condition that causes blood to flow unevenly from the lungs to the heart. […] In pediatric patients, the clinical signs comprise the following: Growth retardation (happens when the development of the fetus is slower or faster than usual). Experiencing fatigue during physical activity. Recurrent respiratory infections refer to a condition characterized by repeated occurrences of infections affecting the respiratory system. Dyspnea (a feeling of running out of air and unable to breathe thoroughly or quickly enough). Difficulty in achieving weight gain. […] Adults with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) may exhibit symptoms such as: Dyspnea (a feeling similar to that of running out of oxygen and not being able to breathe quickly enough or deeply enough to compensate for it). Fatigue. Cardiac palpitations (feelings or sensations of a pounding or racing pulse). The individual is experiencing discomfort or pain in the chest region. Tachycardia (a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. Various forms of irregular heart rhythms have the potential to result in tachycardia). Recurrent respiratory infections refer to repeated infections affecting the respiratory system. […] PAPVR is a rare congenital defect that frequently appears asymptomatically and can have uncommon clinical characteristics in adults. The immediate detection and care of symptoms is critical in preventing symptoms from progressing and the onset of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

• #27 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #28 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return?lang=us

  Patients with large shunts may present with symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain and palpitations, signs like tachycardia and murmur can be encountered. […] Cases of secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension have been reported.

• #29 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #30 What Is Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/heart-circulatory-health/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a genetic cardiac condition that causes blood to flow unevenly from the lungs to the heart. […] In pediatric patients, the clinical signs comprise the following: Growth retardation (happens when the development of the fetus is slower or faster than usual). Experiencing fatigue during physical activity. Recurrent respiratory infections refer to a condition characterized by repeated occurrences of infections affecting the respiratory system. Dyspnea (a feeling of running out of air and unable to breathe thoroughly or quickly enough). Difficulty in achieving weight gain. […] Adults with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) may exhibit symptoms such as: Dyspnea (a feeling similar to that of running out of oxygen and not being able to breathe quickly enough or deeply enough to compensate for it). Fatigue. Cardiac palpitations (feelings or sensations of a pounding or racing pulse). The individual is experiencing discomfort or pain in the chest region. Tachycardia (a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. Various forms of irregular heart rhythms have the potential to result in tachycardia). Recurrent respiratory infections refer to repeated infections affecting the respiratory system. […] PAPVR is a rare congenital defect that frequently appears asymptomatically and can have uncommon clinical characteristics in adults. The immediate detection and care of symptoms is critical in preventing symptoms from progressing and the onset of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

• #31 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart disorder that causes abnormal blood flow from your lungs to your heart. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue. […] PAPVR affects people differently depending on how much blood goes to the wrong place. You may have a mild form of the condition and never develop symptoms. But if you do develop symptoms or complications, healthcare providers can manage your condition. […] PAPVR doesn’t always cause symptoms when the volume of abnormal blood flow (shunting) is low. But you may notice symptoms as the shunting increases. […] Symptoms in children can include: Delays in growth, Easily becoming tired during exercise, Recurrent respiratory infections, Shortness of breath, Trouble gaining weight. […] PAPVR symptoms in adults can include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Rapid heart rate, Recurrent respiratory infections.

• #32 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Palpitations may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, which are almost always supraventricular in origin. These arrhythmias may be due to right atrial dilatation and, hence, may present at older age. […] Hemoptysis is a rare symptom that reflects either chest infection or the development of pulmonary vascular disease. […] Chest pain may be evidence of right-heart ischemia but does not occur in childhood. More commonly, chest pain may be a manifestation of recurrent bronchitis. […] Associated defects (either cardiac or extracardiac) can produce symptoms. […] Peripheral edema can occur in adults with cardiac failure. […] The severity of symptoms in scimitar syndrome depends on several factors, including degree of pulmonary hypertension and the severity and frequency of chest infections. Scimitar syndrome can present in neonates, children, and adults and is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia.

• #33 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/p/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  Some congenital heart defects cause no signs or symptoms. For some people, signs or symptoms occur later in life. They can recur years after you’ve had treatment for a heart defect. […] Common congenital heart disease symptoms you might have as an adult include: Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), A bluish tint to the skin, lips and fingernails (cyanosis), Shortness of breath, Tiring quickly upon exertion, Swelling of body tissue or organs (edema). […] If you’re having worrisome symptoms, such as chest pain or shortness of breath, seek emergency medical attention. […] For some adults, problems with their heart defects arise later in life, even if treated in childhood. Repairing defects improves heart function, but might not make the heart completely normal. […] Even if the treatment you received in childhood was successful, a problem can occur or worsen as you age.

• #34 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Palpitations may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, which are almost always supraventricular in origin. These arrhythmias may be due to right atrial dilatation and, hence, may present at older age. […] Hemoptysis is a rare symptom that reflects either chest infection or the development of pulmonary vascular disease. […] Chest pain may be evidence of right-heart ischemia but does not occur in childhood. More commonly, chest pain may be a manifestation of recurrent bronchitis. […] Associated defects (either cardiac or extracardiac) can produce symptoms. […] Peripheral edema can occur in adults with cardiac failure. […] The severity of symptoms in scimitar syndrome depends on several factors, including degree of pulmonary hypertension and the severity and frequency of chest infections. Scimitar syndrome can present in neonates, children, and adults and is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia.

• #35 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Palpitations may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, which are almost always supraventricular in origin. These arrhythmias may be due to right atrial dilatation and, hence, may present at older age. […] Hemoptysis is a rare symptom that reflects either chest infection or the development of pulmonary vascular disease. […] Chest pain may be evidence of right-heart ischemia but does not occur in childhood. More commonly, chest pain may be a manifestation of recurrent bronchitis. […] Associated defects (either cardiac or extracardiac) can produce symptoms. […] Peripheral edema can occur in adults with cardiac failure. […] The severity of symptoms in scimitar syndrome depends on several factors, including degree of pulmonary hypertension and the severity and frequency of chest infections. Scimitar syndrome can present in neonates, children, and adults and is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia.

• #36 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9366027/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a spectrum of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. It is most commonly found as an incidental finding. However, it can lead to severe pulmonary hypertension depending on the magnitude of the shunt involved. […] PAPVR is uniquely found incidentally with no clinical symptoms. […] Patients with PAPVR have a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including fatigue and dyspnea progressing to heart failure as well as recurrent pneumonia. Symptoms are usually dependent on the size of the left to right shunt and if there is an associated cardiac defect, including an atrial septal defect (ASD), for instance. […] However, if there’s an involving atrial septal defect (ASD), a shunt reversal could occur, resulting in Eisenmenger’s syndrome with severe PAH.

• #37 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9366027/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a spectrum of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. It is most commonly found as an incidental finding. However, it can lead to severe pulmonary hypertension depending on the magnitude of the shunt involved. […] PAPVR is uniquely found incidentally with no clinical symptoms. […] Patients with PAPVR have a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including fatigue and dyspnea progressing to heart failure as well as recurrent pneumonia. Symptoms are usually dependent on the size of the left to right shunt and if there is an associated cardiac defect, including an atrial septal defect (ASD), for instance. […] However, if there’s an involving atrial septal defect (ASD), a shunt reversal could occur, resulting in Eisenmenger’s syndrome with severe PAH.

• #38 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9366027/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a spectrum of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. It is most commonly found as an incidental finding. However, it can lead to severe pulmonary hypertension depending on the magnitude of the shunt involved. […] PAPVR is uniquely found incidentally with no clinical symptoms. […] Patients with PAPVR have a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including fatigue and dyspnea progressing to heart failure as well as recurrent pneumonia. Symptoms are usually dependent on the size of the left to right shunt and if there is an associated cardiac defect, including an atrial septal defect (ASD), for instance. […] However, if there’s an involving atrial septal defect (ASD), a shunt reversal could occur, resulting in Eisenmenger’s syndrome with severe PAH.

• #39 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9366027/

  Our patient was clinically asymptomatic, and PAPVR was identified incidentally with thoracic imaging. […] In conclusion, PAPVR is a rare and often silent congenital anomaly that can have unusual presentation in adults. Prompt recognition and treatment are imperative to prevent the advancement of symptoms and development of severe PAH.

• #40 250. ACHD: Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR) with Dr. Ian Harris

  https://www.cardionerds.com/250-achd-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-papvr-with-dr-ian-harris/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return refers to anomalies in which one or more (but not all) of the pulmonary veins connects to a location other than the left atrium. This causes left to right shunting which may have hemodynamic and therefore clinical significance, warranting repair in some patients. […] Diagnosis is usually incidental on a cross sectional imaging such as CTA or CMR. […] Patients with a significant degree of left to right shunting may have right heart dilatation or symptoms of dyspnea on exertion. […] If more than 50% of a person’s pulmonary venous return drains anomalously to the right side of the heart, there may be right heart enlargement and presentation of symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion earlier in life. […] PAPVR is typically an incidental diagnosis on CT or MRI in asymptomatic patients when these scans are done for another reason. Many patients with PAPVR may remain asymptomatic throughout childhood and adult life.

• #41 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. As the name suggests, in PAPVC, the blood flow from a few of the pulmonary veins return to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. Usually, a single pulmonary vein is anomalous. Rarely, all the veins from one lung are anomalous. Thus, some of the pulmonary venous flow enters the systemic venous circulation. […] The most important factor is the number of pulmonary veins that drain into the systemic circulation. The more veins that anomalously drain, the more blood returns to the right side of the heart. Some authors have suggested that this defect becomes clinically significant when 50% or more of the pulmonary veins anomalously return. […] Over many years, excessive pulmonary venous return to the right side of the heart causes right atrial and ventricular dilation. This has numerous consequences, including risk of arrhythmia development, right-sided heart failure, and development of pulmonary hypertension.

• #42 Transthoracic Repair Of Left-Sided Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection | CTSNet

  https://www.ctsnet.org/article/transthoracic-repair-left-sided-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) are found in less than 1% of patients with congenital heart disease. […] Operative intervention has been recommended for A) the presence of symptoms or B) in an asymptomatic patient with a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) greater than 1.5:1 or enlargement of right heart chambers, to decrease the likelihood of developing right heart failure or pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. […] The physiologic effect of a PAPVC is the creation of a left to right shunt caused by drainage of one or more pulmonary veins either directly into the right heart, or via a systemic vein. The severity of symptoms correlates with the number of segments involved, the site(s) of connection, the presence of other pulmonary vascular abnormalities or associated cardiac defects.

• #43 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-tapvr

  Total anomalous pulmonary venous return symptoms include: […] The severity of symptoms is determined by the presence of obstruction (or narrowing) of the pulmonary veins. […] In some cases, newborns with TAPVR have difficulty breathing and quickly become very ill. This occurs when the pulmonary veins are too narrow or are obstructed at some point, and blood cant flow from the lungs as quickly as it should. This is called TAPVR with pulmonary obstruction. […] In other cases, TAPVR is diagnosed in the first few months of life, after a child demonstrates milder symptoms such as a heart murmur or cyanosis (blue tint to skin). […] Rarely, the pulmonary veins become obstructed later in life and additional surgery or a catheterization procedure is required.

• #44 Transthoracic Repair Of Left-Sided Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection | CTSNet

  https://www.ctsnet.org/article/transthoracic-repair-left-sided-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) are found in less than 1% of patients with congenital heart disease. […] Operative intervention has been recommended for A) the presence of symptoms or B) in an asymptomatic patient with a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) greater than 1.5:1 or enlargement of right heart chambers, to decrease the likelihood of developing right heart failure or pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. […] The physiologic effect of a PAPVC is the creation of a left to right shunt caused by drainage of one or more pulmonary veins either directly into the right heart, or via a systemic vein. The severity of symptoms correlates with the number of segments involved, the site(s) of connection, the presence of other pulmonary vascular abnormalities or associated cardiac defects.

• #45 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. As the name suggests, in PAPVC, the blood flow from a few of the pulmonary veins return to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. Usually, a single pulmonary vein is anomalous. Rarely, all the veins from one lung are anomalous. Thus, some of the pulmonary venous flow enters the systemic venous circulation. […] The most important factor is the number of pulmonary veins that drain into the systemic circulation. The more veins that anomalously drain, the more blood returns to the right side of the heart. Some authors have suggested that this defect becomes clinically significant when 50% or more of the pulmonary veins anomalously return. […] Over many years, excessive pulmonary venous return to the right side of the heart causes right atrial and ventricular dilation. This has numerous consequences, including risk of arrhythmia development, right-sided heart failure, and development of pulmonary hypertension.

• #46 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Untreated PAPVC, in the long term, can lead to pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. […] Surgical treatment is indicated with the development of symptoms, significant left to right shunt, or evidence of right ventricular dysfunction. Otherwise, patients can be managed conservatively with close follow-up. Most of the patients with sinus venosus type PAPVC need surgical correction by 2-4 years of age. However, if there is only one vein draining abnormally, then they may not need any intervention for their entire life.

• #47 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. As the name suggests, in PAPVC, the blood flow from a few of the pulmonary veins return to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. Usually, a single pulmonary vein is anomalous. Rarely, all the veins from one lung are anomalous. Thus, some of the pulmonary venous flow enters the systemic venous circulation. […] The most important factor is the number of pulmonary veins that drain into the systemic circulation. The more veins that anomalously drain, the more blood returns to the right side of the heart. Some authors have suggested that this defect becomes clinically significant when 50% or more of the pulmonary veins anomalously return. […] Over many years, excessive pulmonary venous return to the right side of the heart causes right atrial and ventricular dilation. This has numerous consequences, including risk of arrhythmia development, right-sided heart failure, and development of pulmonary hypertension.

• #48 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. As the name suggests, in PAPVC, the blood flow from a few of the pulmonary veins return to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. Usually, a single pulmonary vein is anomalous. Rarely, all the veins from one lung are anomalous. Thus, some of the pulmonary venous flow enters the systemic venous circulation. […] The most important factor is the number of pulmonary veins that drain into the systemic circulation. The more veins that anomalously drain, the more blood returns to the right side of the heart. Some authors have suggested that this defect becomes clinically significant when 50% or more of the pulmonary veins anomalously return. […] Over many years, excessive pulmonary venous return to the right side of the heart causes right atrial and ventricular dilation. This has numerous consequences, including risk of arrhythmia development, right-sided heart failure, and development of pulmonary hypertension.

• #49 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. As the name suggests, in PAPVC, the blood flow from a few of the pulmonary veins return to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. Usually, a single pulmonary vein is anomalous. Rarely, all the veins from one lung are anomalous. Thus, some of the pulmonary venous flow enters the systemic venous circulation. […] The most important factor is the number of pulmonary veins that drain into the systemic circulation. The more veins that anomalously drain, the more blood returns to the right side of the heart. Some authors have suggested that this defect becomes clinically significant when 50% or more of the pulmonary veins anomalously return. […] Over many years, excessive pulmonary venous return to the right side of the heart causes right atrial and ventricular dilation. This has numerous consequences, including risk of arrhythmia development, right-sided heart failure, and development of pulmonary hypertension.

• #50 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Prognosis becomes more guarded if the lesion is undetected for a long period and if complications, particularly pulmonary hypertension, develop. […] Arrhythmias may occur in adults with unrepaired PAPVC secondary to chronic right atrial enlargement due to volume overload. […] Cardiac failure and, very rarely, pulmonary hypertension may develop in adults.

• #51 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. As the name suggests, in PAPVC, the blood flow from a few of the pulmonary veins return to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. Usually, a single pulmonary vein is anomalous. Rarely, all the veins from one lung are anomalous. Thus, some of the pulmonary venous flow enters the systemic venous circulation. […] The most important factor is the number of pulmonary veins that drain into the systemic circulation. The more veins that anomalously drain, the more blood returns to the right side of the heart. Some authors have suggested that this defect becomes clinically significant when 50% or more of the pulmonary veins anomalously return. […] Over many years, excessive pulmonary venous return to the right side of the heart causes right atrial and ventricular dilation. This has numerous consequences, including risk of arrhythmia development, right-sided heart failure, and development of pulmonary hypertension.

• #52 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Prognosis becomes more guarded if the lesion is undetected for a long period and if complications, particularly pulmonary hypertension, develop. […] Arrhythmias may occur in adults with unrepaired PAPVC secondary to chronic right atrial enlargement due to volume overload. […] Cardiac failure and, very rarely, pulmonary hypertension may develop in adults.

• #53 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital cardiac defect. As the name suggests, in PAPVC, the blood flow from a few of the pulmonary veins return to the right atrium instead of the left atrium. Usually, a single pulmonary vein is anomalous. Rarely, all the veins from one lung are anomalous. Thus, some of the pulmonary venous flow enters the systemic venous circulation. […] The most important factor is the number of pulmonary veins that drain into the systemic circulation. The more veins that anomalously drain, the more blood returns to the right side of the heart. Some authors have suggested that this defect becomes clinically significant when 50% or more of the pulmonary veins anomalously return. […] Over many years, excessive pulmonary venous return to the right side of the heart causes right atrial and ventricular dilation. This has numerous consequences, including risk of arrhythmia development, right-sided heart failure, and development of pulmonary hypertension.

• #54 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return | Thoracic Key

  https://thoracickey.com/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  The patient developed progressive dyspnea on exertion with difficulty climbing two flights of stairs, as well as intermittent ankle edema. […] Her heart failure worsened 9 years after the initial episode. Her symptoms required hospitalization on several occasions, so that further workup was pursued. […] The clinical examination suggests that the RV dilation reported 9 years ago was still present and clinically relevant. […] RA and RV enlargement are signs of significant volume overload. This is not surprising here given the CXR. […] The patient importantly does not have pulmonary hypertension.

• #55 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Untreated PAPVC, in the long term, can lead to pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. […] Surgical treatment is indicated with the development of symptoms, significant left to right shunt, or evidence of right ventricular dysfunction. Otherwise, patients can be managed conservatively with close follow-up. Most of the patients with sinus venosus type PAPVC need surgical correction by 2-4 years of age. However, if there is only one vein draining abnormally, then they may not need any intervention for their entire life.

• #56 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return after orthotopic heart transplantation case report | springermedizin.de

  https://www.springermedizin.de/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-after-orthotopic-heart/18740678

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart defect. Reports of repair and treatment in pediatric cases have been published, but incidence of PAPVR in adults is not common. To our knowledge, there has not been a diagnosis of left-sided PAPVR after a heart transplant an in adult patient. […] Adults with undiagnosed PAPVR may have an intact atrial septum and no pulmonary vein obstruction, resulting in minimal symptoms until an additional insult occurs to the heart. Because it is uncommon, the diagnosis of PAPVR may be overlooked. […] While uncommon, any patient with a high cardiac output and abnormal hemodynamics after heart transplant should be evaluated for the existence of a shunt. […] The systemic venous connection found in adult PAPVR patients is a left-to-right shunt that can lead to high RV cardiac output and heart failure. These patients are at risk for developing pulmonary arterial hypertension due to chronic volume overload. Further, if an additional insult occurs to the heart, symptoms and complications from PAPVR result.

• #57 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return after orthotopic heart transplantation case report | springermedizin.de

  https://www.springermedizin.de/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-after-orthotopic-heart/18740678

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a congenital heart defect. Reports of repair and treatment in pediatric cases have been published, but incidence of PAPVR in adults is not common. To our knowledge, there has not been a diagnosis of left-sided PAPVR after a heart transplant an in adult patient. […] Adults with undiagnosed PAPVR may have an intact atrial septum and no pulmonary vein obstruction, resulting in minimal symptoms until an additional insult occurs to the heart. Because it is uncommon, the diagnosis of PAPVR may be overlooked. […] While uncommon, any patient with a high cardiac output and abnormal hemodynamics after heart transplant should be evaluated for the existence of a shunt. […] The systemic venous connection found in adult PAPVR patients is a left-to-right shunt that can lead to high RV cardiac output and heart failure. These patients are at risk for developing pulmonary arterial hypertension due to chronic volume overload. Further, if an additional insult occurs to the heart, symptoms and complications from PAPVR result.

• #58 Isolated Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Development of Volume Overload and Elevated Estimated Pulmonary Pressure in Adults – Journal of Clinical Imaging Science

  https://clinicalimagingscience.org/isolated-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection-development-of-volume-overload-and-elevated-estimated-pulmonary-pressure-in-adults/

  Isolated PAPVC has association with the development of pulmonary hypertension in adults, approaching statistically significant p value. […] We found a statistically significant association (P = 0.02) between isolated PAPVC in adults and pulmonary hypertension. […] The right-sided cardiac volume overload due to PAPVC can manifest from early childhood to late adulthood with a varying spectrum of severity. […] In our study, age at onset of symptoms was determined based on associated medical conditions. […] The most important factor that determines the onset of signs and symptoms is the number of anomalous veins. […] We found a significant association between isolated PAPVC and right-sided volume overload (P = 0.02).

• #59 Isolated Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Development of Volume Overload and Elevated Estimated Pulmonary Pressure in Adults – Journal of Clinical Imaging Science

  https://clinicalimagingscience.org/isolated-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-connection-development-of-volume-overload-and-elevated-estimated-pulmonary-pressure-in-adults/

  Isolated PAPVC has association with the development of pulmonary hypertension in adults, approaching statistically significant p value. […] We found a statistically significant association (P = 0.02) between isolated PAPVC in adults and pulmonary hypertension. […] The right-sided cardiac volume overload due to PAPVC can manifest from early childhood to late adulthood with a varying spectrum of severity. […] In our study, age at onset of symptoms was determined based on associated medical conditions. […] The most important factor that determines the onset of signs and symptoms is the number of anomalous veins. […] We found a significant association between isolated PAPVC and right-sided volume overload (P = 0.02).

• #60 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Over time, uncorrected left-to-right shunts can reverse and cause Eisenmenger syndrome. […] It’s possible to live a long and healthy life with PAPVR. Many people live for many years without any symptoms or complications. Those who need surgery typically have good outcomes. However, outcomes can vary depending on other heart issues or underlying conditions that a person may have.

• #61 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in Adults

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9366027/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a spectrum of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. It is most commonly found as an incidental finding. However, it can lead to severe pulmonary hypertension depending on the magnitude of the shunt involved. […] PAPVR is uniquely found incidentally with no clinical symptoms. […] Patients with PAPVR have a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including fatigue and dyspnea progressing to heart failure as well as recurrent pneumonia. Symptoms are usually dependent on the size of the left to right shunt and if there is an associated cardiac defect, including an atrial septal defect (ASD), for instance. […] However, if there’s an involving atrial septal defect (ASD), a shunt reversal could occur, resulting in Eisenmenger’s syndrome with severe PAH.

• #62 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) is a spectrum of congenital heart defects where one or more but not all pulmonary veins abnormally drain into the right atrium either directly to the right atrium or through draining into systemic veins. […] The main physiologic manifestation of PAPVC is similar to atrial septal defect (ASD), which is left to right shunt at the atrial level leading to recirculation of oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vasculature. The increased blood to the left side leads to dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow. […] Clinical presentation, similar to ASD, widely varies based on the degree of left to right shunt and associated cardiac defects. […] Patients with a small degree of the shunt are usually asymptomatic, and a murmur can incidentally be found on physical exam. Moderate to large shunt leads to symptoms during childhood, but commonly these patients present with dyspnea, exertion, and other symptoms of heart failure by third to fourth decade. In late adulthood, if left untreated, a minority of patients may develop significant pulmonary hypertension leading to a reversal of shunting and development of cyanosis.

• #63 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-overview

  Prognosis becomes more guarded if the lesion is undetected for a long period and if complications, particularly pulmonary hypertension, develop. […] Arrhythmias may occur in adults with unrepaired PAPVC secondary to chronic right atrial enlargement due to volume overload. […] Cardiac failure and, very rarely, pulmonary hypertension may develop in adults.

• #64 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Palpitations may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, which are almost always supraventricular in origin. These arrhythmias may be due to right atrial dilatation and, hence, may present at older age. […] Hemoptysis is a rare symptom that reflects either chest infection or the development of pulmonary vascular disease. […] Chest pain may be evidence of right-heart ischemia but does not occur in childhood. More commonly, chest pain may be a manifestation of recurrent bronchitis. […] Associated defects (either cardiac or extracardiac) can produce symptoms. […] Peripheral edema can occur in adults with cardiac failure. […] The severity of symptoms in scimitar syndrome depends on several factors, including degree of pulmonary hypertension and the severity and frequency of chest infections. Scimitar syndrome can present in neonates, children, and adults and is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia.

• #65 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Palpitations may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, which are almost always supraventricular in origin. These arrhythmias may be due to right atrial dilatation and, hence, may present at older age. […] Hemoptysis is a rare symptom that reflects either chest infection or the development of pulmonary vascular disease. […] Chest pain may be evidence of right-heart ischemia but does not occur in childhood. More commonly, chest pain may be a manifestation of recurrent bronchitis. […] Associated defects (either cardiac or extracardiac) can produce symptoms. […] Peripheral edema can occur in adults with cardiac failure. […] The severity of symptoms in scimitar syndrome depends on several factors, including degree of pulmonary hypertension and the severity and frequency of chest infections. Scimitar syndrome can present in neonates, children, and adults and is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia.

• #66

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr4

  This defect often remains undiagnosed during childhood, and even during adulthood. Later in life, however, symptoms may arise that make surgical repair necessary. These include dyspnea (breathlessness) in response to exertion, atrial arrhythmias (flutter or fibrillations), or, more rarely, right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. […] Adult patients who have not been operated on in childhood may need to undergo repair if right heart enlargement (dilalation) occurs. This will be recognized by a heart murmur or by echocardiography. […] After repair, the patient may expect to remain free of adverse symptoms. Rarely, obstruction (stenosis) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein or veins may cause recurrent chest infections or other problems. Pulmonary hypertension may also occur and arrhythmias are sometimes experienced after surgery – a situation that increases in likelihood with the age at repair. Therefore it is important that all patients be examined regularly by a cardiologist throughout life.

• #67 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) is a spectrum of congenital heart defects where one or more but not all pulmonary veins abnormally drain into the right atrium either directly to the right atrium or through draining into systemic veins. […] The main physiologic manifestation of PAPVC is similar to atrial septal defect (ASD), which is left to right shunt at the atrial level leading to recirculation of oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vasculature. The increased blood to the left side leads to dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow. […] Clinical presentation, similar to ASD, widely varies based on the degree of left to right shunt and associated cardiac defects. […] Patients with a small degree of the shunt are usually asymptomatic, and a murmur can incidentally be found on physical exam. Moderate to large shunt leads to symptoms during childhood, but commonly these patients present with dyspnea, exertion, and other symptoms of heart failure by third to fourth decade. In late adulthood, if left untreated, a minority of patients may develop significant pulmonary hypertension leading to a reversal of shunting and development of cyanosis.

• #68 Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560707/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) is a spectrum of congenital heart defects where one or more but not all pulmonary veins abnormally drain into the right atrium either directly to the right atrium or through draining into systemic veins. […] The main physiologic manifestation of PAPVC is similar to atrial septal defect (ASD), which is left to right shunt at the atrial level leading to recirculation of oxygenated blood through the pulmonary vasculature. The increased blood to the left side leads to dilatation of the right atrium and ventricle and increased pulmonary blood flow. […] Clinical presentation, similar to ASD, widely varies based on the degree of left to right shunt and associated cardiac defects. […] Patients with a small degree of the shunt are usually asymptomatic, and a murmur can incidentally be found on physical exam. Moderate to large shunt leads to symptoms during childhood, but commonly these patients present with dyspnea, exertion, and other symptoms of heart failure by third to fourth decade. In late adulthood, if left untreated, a minority of patients may develop significant pulmonary hypertension leading to a reversal of shunting and development of cyanosis.

• #69

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr4

  This defect often remains undiagnosed during childhood, and even during adulthood. Later in life, however, symptoms may arise that make surgical repair necessary. These include dyspnea (breathlessness) in response to exertion, atrial arrhythmias (flutter or fibrillations), or, more rarely, right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. […] Adult patients who have not been operated on in childhood may need to undergo repair if right heart enlargement (dilalation) occurs. This will be recognized by a heart murmur or by echocardiography. […] After repair, the patient may expect to remain free of adverse symptoms. Rarely, obstruction (stenosis) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein or veins may cause recurrent chest infections or other problems. Pulmonary hypertension may also occur and arrhythmias are sometimes experienced after surgery – a situation that increases in likelihood with the age at repair. Therefore it is important that all patients be examined regularly by a cardiologist throughout life.

• #70

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr4

  This defect often remains undiagnosed during childhood, and even during adulthood. Later in life, however, symptoms may arise that make surgical repair necessary. These include dyspnea (breathlessness) in response to exertion, atrial arrhythmias (flutter or fibrillations), or, more rarely, right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. […] Adult patients who have not been operated on in childhood may need to undergo repair if right heart enlargement (dilalation) occurs. This will be recognized by a heart murmur or by echocardiography. […] After repair, the patient may expect to remain free of adverse symptoms. Rarely, obstruction (stenosis) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein or veins may cause recurrent chest infections or other problems. Pulmonary hypertension may also occur and arrhythmias are sometimes experienced after surgery – a situation that increases in likelihood with the age at repair. Therefore it is important that all patients be examined regularly by a cardiologist throughout life.

• #71 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Palpitations may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, which are almost always supraventricular in origin. These arrhythmias may be due to right atrial dilatation and, hence, may present at older age. […] Hemoptysis is a rare symptom that reflects either chest infection or the development of pulmonary vascular disease. […] Chest pain may be evidence of right-heart ischemia but does not occur in childhood. More commonly, chest pain may be a manifestation of recurrent bronchitis. […] Associated defects (either cardiac or extracardiac) can produce symptoms. […] Peripheral edema can occur in adults with cardiac failure. […] The severity of symptoms in scimitar syndrome depends on several factors, including degree of pulmonary hypertension and the severity and frequency of chest infections. Scimitar syndrome can present in neonates, children, and adults and is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia.

• #72 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/897686-clinical

  Palpitations may reflect cardiac arrhythmias, which are almost always supraventricular in origin. These arrhythmias may be due to right atrial dilatation and, hence, may present at older age. […] Hemoptysis is a rare symptom that reflects either chest infection or the development of pulmonary vascular disease. […] Chest pain may be evidence of right-heart ischemia but does not occur in childhood. More commonly, chest pain may be a manifestation of recurrent bronchitis. […] Associated defects (either cardiac or extracardiac) can produce symptoms. […] Peripheral edema can occur in adults with cardiac failure. […] The severity of symptoms in scimitar syndrome depends on several factors, including degree of pulmonary hypertension and the severity and frequency of chest infections. Scimitar syndrome can present in neonates, children, and adults and is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia.

• #73 Scimitar Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22747-scimitar-syndrome

  Sometimes, babies show scimitar syndrome symptoms immediately after birth. These symptoms include: […] Most adults with scimitar syndrome remain asymptomatic (show no symptoms). Adults who do have symptoms commonly experience: […] Adults may eventually need surgery if they begin showing symptoms of scimitar syndrome like severe shortness of breath or lung infections.

• #74 Anomalous pulmonary venous return in a pregnant woman identified by cardiac magnetic resonance | Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English edition)

  https://revportcardiol.org/en-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-in-articulo-S2174204914001469

  Pregnancy is known to exacerbate the clinical manifestations of APVR, since it is associated with hypervolemia, hypercoagulability and reduced peripheral arterial resistance, which increase cardiac output and aggravate symptoms. […] Most studies suggest that MRI is safe in pregnancy since magnetism poses no risk to mother or fetus, with no reports of teratogenesis. […] The indications for surgical repair of partial APVR depend on detailed assessment of the anatomy of the pulmonary and systemic veins, presence of ASD and quantification of left-to-right shunting.

• #75 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385691

  In partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, some of the pulmonary veins incorrectly send blood to the heart’s upper right chamber. That chamber is called the right atrium. Usually, oxygen-rich blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the upper left heart chamber, as shown on the left. […] Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare heart condition that’s present at birth. That means it is a congenital heart defect. […] Symptoms of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) can include trouble breathing or fatigue. Sometimes, there are no noticeable symptoms. […] PAPVR may be diagnosed soon after birth. Other times, the condition is not discovered until later in life. […] Most patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) need surgery. Surgery to repair the heart may be needed if: A lot of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mixes in the heart. The right side of the heart is a lot larger than usual. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications. It’s best to see a doctor who is trained in congenital heart diseases. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #76 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/mayo-health-library/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare heart condition thats present at birth. That means it is a congenital heart defect. […] Symptoms of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) can include trouble breathing or fatigue. Sometimes, there are no noticeable symptoms. […] PAPVR may be diagnosed soon after birth. Other times, the condition is not discovered until later in life. […] If you dont have symptoms, surgery may not be needed. If surgery for another heart condition is needed, surgeons may repair PAPVR at the same time. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications.

• #77 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385691

  In partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, some of the pulmonary veins incorrectly send blood to the heart’s upper right chamber. That chamber is called the right atrium. Usually, oxygen-rich blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the upper left heart chamber, as shown on the left. […] Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare heart condition that’s present at birth. That means it is a congenital heart defect. […] Symptoms of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) can include trouble breathing or fatigue. Sometimes, there are no noticeable symptoms. […] PAPVR may be diagnosed soon after birth. Other times, the condition is not discovered until later in life. […] Most patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) need surgery. Surgery to repair the heart may be needed if: A lot of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mixes in the heart. The right side of the heart is a lot larger than usual. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications. It’s best to see a doctor who is trained in congenital heart diseases. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #78 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20359714

  Symptoms depend on whether there are other heart problems. A common symptom of PAPVR is breathing trouble. […] If PAPVR occurs with other heart problems, it may be diagnosed soon after birth. If the condition is mild, it may not be diagnosed until adulthood. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications.

• #79 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20359714

  Symptoms depend on whether there are other heart problems. A common symptom of PAPVR is breathing trouble. […] If PAPVR occurs with other heart problems, it may be diagnosed soon after birth. If the condition is mild, it may not be diagnosed until adulthood. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications.

• #80 Anomalous Pulmonary Veins (APVR) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/programs-services/heart-institute/services-conditions-treated/anomalous-pulmonary-veins/

  Patients with PAPVR are usually diagnosed as toddlers or older children and have minimal symptoms. […] The problem is that although the child may seem to be healthy overall, the abnormal blood flow that occurs as a result of the abnormal veins slowly results in heart enlargement and eventually, many patients develop heart failure. […] Before surgery could safely be offered, many patient would become sick from heart failure and die as older children or young adults. […] Patients with TAPVR are usually diagnosed as newborns. […] Some patients become extremely sick in the first few days of life and require emergency surgery and even for those who dont, surgery is required early. […] This is a very serious heart condition which can become lethal in a very short period of time.

• #81 Anomalous Pulmonary Veins (APVR) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/programs-services/heart-institute/services-conditions-treated/anomalous-pulmonary-veins/

  Patients with PAPVR are usually diagnosed as toddlers or older children and have minimal symptoms. […] The problem is that although the child may seem to be healthy overall, the abnormal blood flow that occurs as a result of the abnormal veins slowly results in heart enlargement and eventually, many patients develop heart failure. […] Before surgery could safely be offered, many patient would become sick from heart failure and die as older children or young adults. […] Patients with TAPVR are usually diagnosed as newborns. […] Some patients become extremely sick in the first few days of life and require emergency surgery and even for those who dont, surgery is required early. […] This is a very serious heart condition which can become lethal in a very short period of time.

• #82 250. ACHD: Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR) with Dr. Ian Harris

  https://www.cardionerds.com/250-achd-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-papvr-with-dr-ian-harris/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return refers to anomalies in which one or more (but not all) of the pulmonary veins connects to a location other than the left atrium. This causes left to right shunting which may have hemodynamic and therefore clinical significance, warranting repair in some patients. […] Diagnosis is usually incidental on a cross sectional imaging such as CTA or CMR. […] Patients with a significant degree of left to right shunting may have right heart dilatation or symptoms of dyspnea on exertion. […] If more than 50% of a person’s pulmonary venous return drains anomalously to the right side of the heart, there may be right heart enlargement and presentation of symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion earlier in life. […] PAPVR is typically an incidental diagnosis on CT or MRI in asymptomatic patients when these scans are done for another reason. Many patients with PAPVR may remain asymptomatic throughout childhood and adult life.

• #83 250. ACHD: Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR) with Dr. Ian Harris

  https://www.cardionerds.com/250-achd-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-papvr-with-dr-ian-harris/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return refers to anomalies in which one or more (but not all) of the pulmonary veins connects to a location other than the left atrium. This causes left to right shunting which may have hemodynamic and therefore clinical significance, warranting repair in some patients. […] Diagnosis is usually incidental on a cross sectional imaging such as CTA or CMR. […] Patients with a significant degree of left to right shunting may have right heart dilatation or symptoms of dyspnea on exertion. […] If more than 50% of a person’s pulmonary venous return drains anomalously to the right side of the heart, there may be right heart enlargement and presentation of symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion earlier in life. […] PAPVR is typically an incidental diagnosis on CT or MRI in asymptomatic patients when these scans are done for another reason. Many patients with PAPVR may remain asymptomatic throughout childhood and adult life.

• #84 250. ACHD: Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR) with Dr. Ian Harris

  https://www.cardionerds.com/250-achd-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-papvr-with-dr-ian-harris/

  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return refers to anomalies in which one or more (but not all) of the pulmonary veins connects to a location other than the left atrium. This causes left to right shunting which may have hemodynamic and therefore clinical significance, warranting repair in some patients. […] Diagnosis is usually incidental on a cross sectional imaging such as CTA or CMR. […] Patients with a significant degree of left to right shunting may have right heart dilatation or symptoms of dyspnea on exertion. […] If more than 50% of a person’s pulmonary venous return drains anomalously to the right side of the heart, there may be right heart enlargement and presentation of symptoms such as dyspnea on exertion earlier in life. […] PAPVR is typically an incidental diagnosis on CT or MRI in asymptomatic patients when these scans are done for another reason. Many patients with PAPVR may remain asymptomatic throughout childhood and adult life.

• #85 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: To Fix or Not to Fix?

  https://scholarlycommons.hcahealthcare.com/northtexas2024/18/

  Patient presentation may vary from asymptomatic to complete right heart failure requiring heart transplant. […] PAPVR more commonly affects the right upper lobe vein and is associated with an atrial septal defect in 80-90% of cases. […] Left-sided PAPVR is only present in about 10% cases, of which the vast majority go undiagnosed until the development of symptoms or the need for pulmonary mapping in instances of percutaneous ablation for atrial fibrillation or consideration of lobectomy in lung neoplasm. […] Recent advancements in sophisticated diagnostic imaging and greater knowledge of this anatomical variation have increased the frequency with which this condition is diagnosed. […] With the suspected increase in incidence, it may be time for the creation of formal guidelines on a global scale instead of relying on recommendations on consensus of symptomatology.

• #86 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Over time, uncorrected left-to-right shunts can reverse and cause Eisenmenger syndrome. […] It’s possible to live a long and healthy life with PAPVR. Many people live for many years without any symptoms or complications. Those who need surgery typically have good outcomes. However, outcomes can vary depending on other heart issues or underlying conditions that a person may have.

• #87 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24580-partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return

  Over time, uncorrected left-to-right shunts can reverse and cause Eisenmenger syndrome. […] It’s possible to live a long and healthy life with PAPVR. Many people live for many years without any symptoms or complications. Those who need surgery typically have good outcomes. However, outcomes can vary depending on other heart issues or underlying conditions that a person may have.

• #88

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr4

  This defect often remains undiagnosed during childhood, and even during adulthood. Later in life, however, symptoms may arise that make surgical repair necessary. These include dyspnea (breathlessness) in response to exertion, atrial arrhythmias (flutter or fibrillations), or, more rarely, right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. […] Adult patients who have not been operated on in childhood may need to undergo repair if right heart enlargement (dilalation) occurs. This will be recognized by a heart murmur or by echocardiography. […] After repair, the patient may expect to remain free of adverse symptoms. Rarely, obstruction (stenosis) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein or veins may cause recurrent chest infections or other problems. Pulmonary hypertension may also occur and arrhythmias are sometimes experienced after surgery – a situation that increases in likelihood with the age at repair. Therefore it is important that all patients be examined regularly by a cardiologist throughout life.

• #89

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr4

  This defect often remains undiagnosed during childhood, and even during adulthood. Later in life, however, symptoms may arise that make surgical repair necessary. These include dyspnea (breathlessness) in response to exertion, atrial arrhythmias (flutter or fibrillations), or, more rarely, right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. […] Adult patients who have not been operated on in childhood may need to undergo repair if right heart enlargement (dilalation) occurs. This will be recognized by a heart murmur or by echocardiography. […] After repair, the patient may expect to remain free of adverse symptoms. Rarely, obstruction (stenosis) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein or veins may cause recurrent chest infections or other problems. Pulmonary hypertension may also occur and arrhythmias are sometimes experienced after surgery – a situation that increases in likelihood with the age at repair. Therefore it is important that all patients be examined regularly by a cardiologist throughout life.

• #90

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr4

  This defect often remains undiagnosed during childhood, and even during adulthood. Later in life, however, symptoms may arise that make surgical repair necessary. These include dyspnea (breathlessness) in response to exertion, atrial arrhythmias (flutter or fibrillations), or, more rarely, right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. […] Adult patients who have not been operated on in childhood may need to undergo repair if right heart enlargement (dilalation) occurs. This will be recognized by a heart murmur or by echocardiography. […] After repair, the patient may expect to remain free of adverse symptoms. Rarely, obstruction (stenosis) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein or veins may cause recurrent chest infections or other problems. Pulmonary hypertension may also occur and arrhythmias are sometimes experienced after surgery – a situation that increases in likelihood with the age at repair. Therefore it is important that all patients be examined regularly by a cardiologist throughout life.

• #91 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Irish Congenital Heart Centre

  https://congenitalheartcentre.ie/congenital-heart-conditions/partial-anomalous/

  Children will need regular follow-up appointments with paediatric cardiologists. Adults with this heart defect will need lifelong care and regular follow-up appointments with doctors trained in congenital heart conditions (adult congenital cardiologists) to monitor for any changes in their condition.

• #92 Lower Extremity Edema: Long Term Complication of Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Repair | Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

  https://scmr.org/cases-of-scmr/number-18-03/

  A 57 year old woman with a history of sinus venosus atrial septal defect and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) repaired in childhood presented to the adult congenital heart disease clinic with junctional rhythm and significant lower extremity swelling. […] On physical exam, she had significant lower body edema. […] After anomalous pulmonary venous return repair, it is important to evaluate for both pulmonary venous obstruction and systemic venous obstruction. In our case, the MRA illustrated the drainage pattern of the SVC. Although lower extremity edema is an unusual presentation for SVC obstruction, the patient developed a “pop off” by draining through the hemiazygous and eventually into the IVC. This flow pattern is concerning for a proximal SVC obstruction. Typically, the IVC can tolerate the increased flow and does not cause lower extremity edema. […] Long term complications after anomalous pulmonary venous return repair include SVC stenosis, pulmonary vein obstruction, sinus node dysfunction or atrial arrhythmias.

• #93 TAPVR | Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/tapvr

  Rarely, obstruction to one or more pulmonary veins can develop. This can occur at the site of surgical repair, or due to abnormalities of the pulmonary veins themselves. Such pulmonary vein obstruction can lead to a shortness of breath or wheezing. The diagnosis can be somewhat hard to make. It may need cardiac catheterization to diagnose.

• #94 TAPVR | Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/t/tapvr

  Rarely, obstruction to one or more pulmonary veins can develop. This can occur at the site of surgical repair, or due to abnormalities of the pulmonary veins themselves. Such pulmonary vein obstruction can lead to a shortness of breath or wheezing. The diagnosis can be somewhat hard to make. It may need cardiac catheterization to diagnose.

• #95 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385691

  In partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, some of the pulmonary veins incorrectly send blood to the heart’s upper right chamber. That chamber is called the right atrium. Usually, oxygen-rich blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the upper left heart chamber, as shown on the left. […] Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare heart condition that’s present at birth. That means it is a congenital heart defect. […] Symptoms of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) can include trouble breathing or fatigue. Sometimes, there are no noticeable symptoms. […] PAPVR may be diagnosed soon after birth. Other times, the condition is not discovered until later in life. […] Most patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) need surgery. Surgery to repair the heart may be needed if: A lot of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mixes in the heart. The right side of the heart is a lot larger than usual. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications. It’s best to see a doctor who is trained in congenital heart diseases. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #96 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

  https://johnsonmemorial.org/jmh-health/disease-conditions/con-20359714

  Symptoms depend on whether there are other heart problems. A common symptom of PAPVR is breathing trouble. […] If PAPVR occurs with other heart problems, it may be diagnosed soon after birth. If the condition is mild, it may not be diagnosed until adulthood. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications.

• #97 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return – Overview – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/partial-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return/cdc-20385691

  In partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, some of the pulmonary veins incorrectly send blood to the heart’s upper right chamber. That chamber is called the right atrium. Usually, oxygen-rich blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the upper left heart chamber, as shown on the left. […] Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare heart condition that’s present at birth. That means it is a congenital heart defect. […] Symptoms of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) can include trouble breathing or fatigue. Sometimes, there are no noticeable symptoms. […] PAPVR may be diagnosed soon after birth. Other times, the condition is not discovered until later in life. […] Most patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) need surgery. Surgery to repair the heart may be needed if: A lot of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mixes in the heart. The right side of the heart is a lot larger than usual. […] A person with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return needs regular health checkups for life to check for complications. It’s best to see a doctor who is trained in congenital heart diseases. This type of doctor is called a congenital cardiologist.

• #98 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return Irish Congenital Heart Centre

  https://congenitalheartcentre.ie/congenital-heart-conditions/partial-anomalous/

  Children will need regular follow-up appointments with paediatric cardiologists. Adults with this heart defect will need lifelong care and regular follow-up appointments with doctors trained in congenital heart conditions (adult congenital cardiologists) to monitor for any changes in their condition.

• #99

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr5

  After repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, no exercise restrictions are usually necessary. Exceptions to this apply if there is breathlessness during exertion (dyspnea), pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, or stenosis (narrowing) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein. […] Because these symptoms may develop over time, especially if surgery was performed later in life, the patient should be examined regularly by a cardiologist.

• #100

  https://www.pted.org/?id=papvr5

  After repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, no exercise restrictions are usually necessary. Exceptions to this apply if there is breathlessness during exertion (dyspnea), pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmia, or stenosis (narrowing) of the reimplanted pulmonary vein. […] Because these symptoms may develop over time, especially if surgery was performed later in life, the patient should be examined regularly by a cardiologist.

Zobacz więcej