Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Black hairy tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20356077

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] It’s usually short term when steps are taken to get rid of or manage the cause. […] See your healthcare professional or dentist if: […] Black hairy tongue doesn’t go away even though you brush your teeth and tongue twice a day.

• #2 A Case Report of Black Hairy Tongue (Melanotrichia Linguae or Lingua Pilosa Nigra)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11186574/

  Black hairy tongue is a benign condition that can be associated with several varying causes. […] Recovery was achieved by changing his medications. […] The diagnosis is made based on the observation of colored filiform papillae on inspection. […] Regarding treatment, it is recommended that patients engage in tongue brushing, take antifungal medications such as oral nystatin, and consume retinoids and B-complex vitamins. […] The primary objective is to identify and address the underlying cause. […] Black hairy tongue is a self-limiting, benign disease with a favorable prognosis. Its treatment focuses on mechanical debridement, good oral hygiene, and the removal of potential causative agents.

• #3 Black hairy tongue | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue?content_id=CON-20257486

  Black hairy tongue usually doesn’t need medical treatment. Though it may not look good, it’s usually a short-term, harmless condition. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. Don’t stop any prescription medicine without talking to your healthcare professional first. […] If you smoke, talk with your healthcare team about options for quitting, including smoking cessation programs. These use proven techniques to help people quit.

• #4 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue treatment usually involves improving your oral hygiene at home. […] If black hairy tongue still persists after an improvement in oral hygiene, it can be treated with antibiotics, antifungal medications, mouthwash or retinoids (drugs related to vitamin A). […] Traditional or laser surgery is an option when nothing else has solved the problem. […] Once you figure out what caused black hairy tongue, you can take steps to treat it and reduce the risk of it happening again. […] If you’ve tried home remedies and nothing is working, schedule a visit with your healthcare provider. They can determine what’s causing the condition and find ways to keep your tongue healthy.

• #5 Black Tongue: What Causes a Black Tongue and How to Get Rid of It

  https://www.healthline.com/health/black-tongue

  A black tongue usually doesnt require much treatment. In most cases, regularly brushing your tongue with a toothbrush should help remove dead skin cells and stains within a few days. […] If you suspect that a medication or prescribed liquid diet is causing your black tongue, make an appointment with your doctor. They might be able to adjust your dosage or prescribe an antifungal or antibacterial medication to help manage yeast or bacteria in your mouth. […] Your doctor may also prescribe a topical retinoid medication to help increase cell turnover on your tongue. […] For stubborn elongated papillae, a doctor can remove them using carbon dioxide laser burning or electrodessication, which simultaneously cuts and seals the papillae. […] However, you can usually take care of the condition yourself:

• #6 Black Tongue: What Causes a Black Tongue and How to Get Rid of It

  https://www.healthline.com/health/black-tongue

  Using a soft toothbrush, gently brush your tongue twice a day to help manually remove dead skin cells and bacteria. […] Using a tongue scraper every time you brush your teeth will help keep skin cells from accumulating on your papillae. […] Brushing your teeth and tongue after every meal will help keep food debris and bacteria from getting trapped in the papillae. […] Brushing shortly after drinking coffee, tea, and alcohol will help prevent staining. […] Quitting smoking or chewing tobacco is the best thing you can do for yourself and your tongue. […] Flossing your teeth at least once per day will prevent food debris and plaque from building up in your mouth. […] Getting a cleaning at your dentists office will help you maintain good oral health. […] This will help keep your mouth hydrated, which allows you to swallow dead skin cells. […] Chewing a sugar-free gum, or a gum designed for people with dry mouth, will help you produce more saliva to wash down dead skin cells. […] A diet full of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains will help you maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in your mouth.

• #7 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes and Treatments For a Black or Coated Tongue

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/black-hairy-tongue

  Practicing good oral hygiene is the best way to treat black hairy tongue. Gently brush your teeth twice a day with a soft toothbrush. Also, brush your tongue. You can use a tongue scraper to make sure you’re thoroughly cleaning the area. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help keep your mouth clean. […] Call your doctor or dentist if the problem doesn’t get better on its own. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or an antifungal drug to get rid of the bacteria or yeast. Topical medications, such as tretinoin (Retin-A), are also sometimes prescribed. As a last resort, if the problem doesn’t improve, the papillae can be surgically clipped off with a laser or electrosurgery.

• #8 Black Hairy Tongue Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments – Oral-B

  https://oralb.com/en-us/oral-health/conditions/bad-breath/black-hairy-tongue-causes-symptoms-treatments/

  A good oral hygiene routine can help limit the chances of developing black hairy tongue symptoms. […] A lower sugar intake and regular visits to your dental professional can also help in preventing black hairy tongue. […] Black hairy tongue usually does not require any special medication. Fortunately, a black hairy tongue will usually resolve if you take these simple steps: […] Gently brush your tongue with a toothbrush twice a day as part of your daily dental care routine. Once the problem is resolved, it is still a good idea to brush your tongue—you can help prevent the black tongue from coming back. […] Use a dilute solution of one part hydrogen peroxide to five parts water to rinse your mouth, then rinse again with plain water or change to a non-peroxide mouthwash. […] To help keep your oral health and overall health in good condition, it’s best to quit using tobacco products right away. […] Black hairy tongue can be easily resolved with good oral hygiene, a well-balanced diet, and new lifestyle habits. However, if the discoloration of your tongue persists, see your dental professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

• #9 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  The striking colors seen in hairy tongue may be worrisome to patients; consequently, they benefit from reassurance that their condition is a benign one. Maintenance of good oral hygiene in addition to gentle mechanical debridement of the dark tongue surface matter optimally controls the condition. Reducing the lingual coating prevents bacterial colonization of the tongue. If medications are the cause of the black hairy tongue, consideration may be given to switching to another similar medication or simply reassuring the patient that the condition will resolve with discontinuance. […] Treatment of the condition that is producing the minimal mastication and tongue movement reduces the development of black hairy tongue. […] For example, individuals using oxidizing mouthwashes containing sodium perborate, sodium peroxide, or hydrogen peroxide over the long term should be advised to change this potentially contributing behavior. Excessive tea drinking may also have to be curtailed.

• #10 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  In the majority of cases of hairy tongue, simply brushing the tongue with a toothbrush or using a commercially available tongue scraper is sufficient to remove elongated filiform papillae and retard the growth of additional ones. […] If hairy tongue is noted in a patient hospitalized for other reasons, the nursing staff should encourage the patient to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area. If the lesion persists, a dental consult is appropriate to rule out other clinically similar entities. […] Surgical removal of the papillae by using electrodesiccation, a laser, or even scissors is the treatment of last resort when less complicated therapies prove ineffective. […] If adding more roughage to the patient’s diet is not feasible, the patient should be encouraged to cleanse the dorsal surface of the tongue daily by means of brushing or scraping.

• #11 Hairy tongue

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue is usually self-limiting. If desired, treatment options include: […] Discontinuing responsible drugs […] Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake […] Encouraging good oral hygiene […] Gentle tongue debridement, with a tongue scraper or soft toothbrush and solution containing 3% hydrogen peroxide or baking soda […] Antiseptic mouthwash […] Topical antifungal agent for oral Candida albicans if present […] Topical retinoid. […] If other treatment fails, trimming papillae by carbon dioxide laser burning and electrodessication have been described.

• #12 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue

  Yes, practicing good oral hygiene and eliminating predisposing factors can get rid of black hairy tongue, a harmless condition that can be alarming. Some of the things you can do for a black hairy tongue include: Use a flexible tongue scraper or soft toothbrush to gently remove dead skin cells and food debris from the surface of the tongue. Practice good oral hygiene and brush your teeth twice every day, preferably after meals. Floss daily to remove food particles from between your teeth. Visit your dentist every 6 months for professional cleanings and oral exams so that problems are picked up and treated early. Eat a healthy diet and stay well hydrated. Consume a variety of food textures (eating only soft foods can lead to defective shedding of the black hairy tongue epithelium). Avoid excessive tea, coffee, or alcohol intake.

• #13 Black Tongue: Symptoms, Causes And Treatment

  https://invislondon.co.uk/oral-health/black-tongue/

  Keep oral space, particularly tongue, clean by following regular brushing, flossing scrapping practices. It is good to brush after dinner to control bacterial outgrowth […] Use a tongue scraper to remove dead cells, bacteria, and other accumulations regularly […] Applying baking soda topically and rinsing with diluted hydrogen peroxide solution may ease symptoms and restore natural color of the tongue […] Rinsing with lukewarm salt water solution helps in improving oral cleanliness. […] Drink plenty of water to maintain optimum flow of saliva […] Avoid liquid diet and eating hard fruits and vegetables will help in removing deposits naturally […] In some cases consumption of probiotic and yogurt helps in improving the condition.

• #14 Black Hairy Tongue Causes And Treatment | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/threats-to-dental-health/black-hairy-tongue-causes-and-treatment

  Seeing a black hairy tongue in the mirror can be unsettling. You likely want to be sure it’s treatable and have the reassurance that your health is not at serious risk. Luckily, this condition is harmless and can be treated easily. Here’s how you can get your tongue back to normal and prevent the condition from developing again. […] A black and hairy tongue isn’t ultimately harmful to your overall health. It’s generally easy to treat both the condition and any secondary cause. You should be able to clean the surface of your tongue using a soft toothbrush or a tongue scraper. In severe instances, your doctor or dentist may prescribe medications or recommend an antiseptic mouthrinse, notes the NIH. If this hasn’t worked to eliminate black hairy tongue, your dentist may consider using laser surgery or electrical current as the final treatment options.

• #15 Hairy Tongue Medication: Antifungal agents

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-medication

  In most cases, treatment of hairy tongue does not require pharmacologic intervention. If Candida albicans is present, topical antifungals can be used when the condition is symptomatic (eg, glossopyrosis). In anecdotal reports, topical application of retinoids has been successful; keratolytic agents have been effective but may be irritating. Antimicrobial therapies, topical triamcinolone acetonide, gentian violet, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, thymol, and other agents have been tried as well. […] Reports of success notwithstanding, these agents (with the exception of those used to treat oral candidiasis) are used off label, and their application should be limited to selected cases with close monitoring.

• #16 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue

  In many cases, a black hairy tongue is benign and goes away on its own without treatment with good oral hygiene. However, treatment is necessary in some cases, and antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat this condition. […] A black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra) is a benign condition that usually does not require any treatment. However, depending on the cause, your doctor may prescribe medications. For example, if antibiotic use has caused oral candidiasis (a fungal infection of the mouth), your doctor may prescribe antifungal medications. […] Other treatment options for a black hairy tongue include using hydrogen peroxide and baking soda to dislodge the buildup of debris in the papillae. It is also recommended to increase water intake and consume more raw fruits and vegetables to improve and reduce the hairy projections on the tongue. In severe cases, if a black hairy tongue does not resolve with routine treatments, electrodesiccation or laser treatment may be necessary to trim the overgrown papillae.

• #17 Hairy tongue: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320201

  Treatments include good oral hygiene, regular brushing, and mouthwash. […] Medical treatment is often not necessary for hairy tongue, as it is typically a transient condition, which poses no serious health risk. […] Treatment and prevention are typically achieved through changes to a persons lifestyle that may have trigger the onset of hairy tongue. Oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist are the best ways to stop hairy tongue from occurring. […] Other approaches may include: Avoiding or limiting the consumption of substances that are associated with hairy tongue, such as coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco. […] If lifestyle changes have not been successful in treating the condition, a doctor or dentist may recommend further evaluation and a more focused treatment. For example, an antibiotic or antifungal medication may be prescribed to remove bacteria or yeast. […] It is also possible in some cases to have the filiform papillae surgically removed.

• #18 Black tongue: Causes, treatments, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327163

  If black tongue does not clear on its own within a few days, a person should seek medical treatment. […] A doctor or dentist may recommend the following treatments for a person who presents with a black tongue: […] Antibiotics: These medications will help treat bacterial infections of the tongue. […] Switching medications: A person who develops black tongue as a result of antibiotic use may need to switch antibiotics. […] Antifungal treatment: These medications can help treat fungal causes of a black tongue. […] Other medications or supplements: Anecdotal evidence suggests that certain medications including salicylic acid, retinoids, and B complex vitamins may ease symptoms of black tongue. However, people should not use these treatments without first talking to a doctor. […] Surgical treatment: If other treatment options do not work, a doctor or dentist can perform a procedure to remove the long, thread-like growths on the tongue. This clipping procedure is safe and effective. However, black tongue may return following the procedure.

• #19 Black Hairy Tongue and Other Causes of Black Tongue

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/black-tongue-5190133

  You can treat BHT by practicing good oral hygiene and modifying certain behaviors that contribute to the condition. […] Examples include: brushing and flossing daily, scraping or brushing the tongue as part of your oral hygiene practices, switching to non-peroxide mouthwashes like Crest Pro-Health Rinse and Zero-Alcohol Listerine which contain cetylpyridinium chloride, quitting cigarettes, cutting back on coffee, switching from black tea to herbal or green tea, limiting your alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water daily, using an over-the-counter (OTC) saliva substitute if you have dry mouth syndrome. […] Since antibiotics are rarely prescribed for long-term use, BHT will usually resolve once treatment is stopped. Even so, good oral hygiene can help speed the resolution of symptoms. […] With antipsychotics like olanzapine and chlorpromazine (both of which cause dry mouth), stopping or changing treatment may not be an option. Treatment instead would involve improved oral hygiene and other therapeutic measures, like saliva substitutes and moisturizing sprays or gels.

• #20 What causes black hairy tongue?

  https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/what-causes-black-hairy-tongue-3573892/

  Be sure to practice good oral hygiene and brush your teeth (and tongue) twice a day. Discontinuation of the causative agent, such as medications, may be needed. Always speak with your healthcare provider before stopping a prescribed medication. […] Visit your dentist regularly and maintain a well-balanced diet. Talk to your doctor to see if any of your medications may be the cause. If your symptoms do not improve, contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation.

• #21 Black hairy tongue due to antibiotics | BMJ Case Reports

  https://casereports.bmj.com/content/16/7/e255112

  A woman in her 80s with diabetes mellitus was admitted to the hospital due to renal abscess, which improved with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam therapy and drainage. […] She was diagnosed with antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue based on characteristic visual inspection and advised to practice good oral hygiene. […] Therefore, we informed her that there was a possibility of improvement without changing antibiotics, and she elected to continue with the current therapy and maintain good oral hygiene. […] The optimal treatment remains unclear. However, the condition can be improved by the discontinuation of the causative agents, if possible, and by maintaining good oral hygiene. In our case, practicing good oral hygiene helped to improve the condition even during antibiotic therapy. […] Treatment includes discontinuing the causative agents, if possible, and maintaining good oral hygiene.

• #22 Black hairy tongue: What is it, and how do you get it

  https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/09/07/black-hairy-tongue-medications-symptom-what-how/1221039002/

  A woman treated with antibiotics following a car crash developed an unusual side effect: black hairy tongue. […] After developing an infection, she was treated with two antibiotics: an oral dose of minocycline and meropenem given intravenously. […] Black hairy tongue is a condition where small bumps on your tongue grow larger and change into a brownish-black color. […] Yasir Hamad and David K. Warren, doctors at Washington University in St. Louis, say several things can cause black hairy tongue, including poor oral hygiene, using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes, or antibiotic treatments. […] Four weeks after doctors swapped out the minocycline for an alternative treatment, her tongue turned back to normal.

• #23 Topical tretinoin: a new treatment for black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra) – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1451290/

  Black hairy tongue is the name given to the appearance of an abnormal coating of the tongue and occurs only in adults. […] Recognized treatments include brushing with a soft tooth brush which is enhanced by the prior application of a 40% solution of urea, scraping, topical triamcinolone acetonide, gentian violet, thymol, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, and surgical excision of the papillae.

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Prognosis is good, and treatment consists of gentle brushing of the tongue, but many anecdotal reports exist demonstrating the use of medications or other products to treat this condition. […] Langtry JA, Carr MM, Steele MC, Ive FA. Topical tretinoin: a new treatment for black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra). Clin Exp Dermatol. 1992;17(3):1634. […] McGregor JM, Hay RJ. Oral retinoids to treat black hairy tongue. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1993;18(3):291. […] Pegum JS. Urea in the treatment of black hairy tongue. Br J Dermatol. 1971;84(6):602. […] Weinstein I, Rosencrans M. Treatment of black hairy tongue with triamcinolone acetonide. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1962;15:10714.

• #25 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Treatment involves identification and discontinuation of the offending agent, modifications of chronic predisposing factors, patients re-assurance to the benign nature of the condition, and maintenance of adequate oral hygiene with gentle debridement to promote desquamation. […] Complications of BHT (burning mouth syndrome, halitosis, nausea, gagging, dysgeusia) typically respond to therapy. […] The goal of therapy is the discontinuation of potential offending agents (including dietary or medicinal causes) and modifying predisposing factors (smoking, black tea consumption, neurological conditions, general debilitation), followed by maintaining good oral hygiene and gentle debridement with a soft toothbrush or tongue scraper to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae.

• #26 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Anecdotal use of antimicrobial therapies, topical triamcinolone acetonide, gentian violet, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, thymol, and topical or oral retinoids (e.g., isotretinoin), as well as keratinolytics (podophyllin), topical 30% urea solution, and trichloroacetic acid have been reported in the literature, although potential side effects from local irritation and possible systemic absorption are important factors to consider. […] Resistant BHT may require clipping or removal of the papillae by electrodessication or carbon dioxide laser.

• #27 Black Hairy Tongue

  https://www.fauquierent.net/blackhairytongue

  Second-line treatments are anecdotal with no single treatment proven to reliably cure/reverse black hairy tongue. These include: Molecular Iodine Rinses (IoRinse) three times a day 1% Gentian Violet application to the tongue using a q-tip daily for 3 days Baking soda rinses (1/2 – 1 tsp of baking soda in 1 cup of water) 3% hydrogen peroxide rinses (although there are some anecdotal reports that this may trigger black hairy tongue) 50% trichloroacetic acid application * 40% urea solution application * Salicylic acid application * Topical and oral retinoids Vitamin B complex Thymol application * […] If resolution is not forthcoming in spite of these interventions, a biopsy can be obtained to confirm nothing else is going on before proceeding to more invasive options including manually cutting the filiform papillae shorter with scissors, carbon dioxide laser, or electrodessication.

• #28 Black hairy tongue associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-99572021000500112

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized by dark coloration and hypertrophy with hyperkeratosis in filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. […] The first line of treatment is based on suspending the medications associated with the condition, having excellent oral hygiene, quitting predisposing habits, and the generous brushing or scraping of the tongue to promote the desquamation of the papillae. […] In BHT resistant cases, papillae can be removed by burning-off or electrodesiccation with carbon dioxide laser. […] Second-line treatments, which are anecdotal and have no supporting evidence, include oral retinoids, antifungal agents, antibiotics, topical urea solution or triamcinolone, salicylic acid and gentian violet.

• #29 Black hairy tongue cured concurrently with respiratory infection | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/6/434

  A 54-year-old female smoker was admitted to the hospital for fever and respiratory infection. […] Hygienic measures were recommended, with other treatment options to be considered later, if necessary. […] The optimal treatment is unclear, but the condition can improve with hygienic measures alone, topical or oral retinoids, topical triamcinolone acetonide, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, or antifungals. […] While our patient presented with typical features of black hairy tongue, which resolved with hygienic measures and smoking cessation, we could not completely rule out the contribution of antibiotics given for the respiratory infection. It is important to keep this disease in mind to avoid unnecessary tests and to apply the most appropriate treatment according to the patients symptoms.

• #30 Black Hairy Tongue Associated With Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/black-hairy-tongue-associated-treatment-bipolar-disorder

  Black hairy tongue is benign and self-limited. It is caused by abnormal hypertrophy and elongation of filiform lingual papillae with associated discoloration. […] Discontinuation of the offending agent along with good oral hygiene practices and gentle scraping or brushing of the tongue is recommended. Multiple medications have been recommended to treat BHT; however, insufficient evidence exists for the routine use of any of these agents.

• #31 A Novel Approach to Treating Hairy Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/novel-approach-treating-hairy-tongue/

  A 9300 nm CO2 laser and low energy ablation therapy provide effective palliative care for hairy tongue. […] The literature has limited reporting, but if conventional treatment is ineffective, the use of diode laser photobiomodulation or carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers has been suggested. […] To our knowledge, this presentation is the first reported use of low energy ablation (LEA) palliative therapy with a 9300 nm CO2 laser. […] Essentially, LEA is somewhere between ablation and photobiomodulation, and this novel approach was ultimately deemed to have successfully alleviated the symptoms associated with the patients HFLP. […] Following chlorhexidine therapy, a palliative treatment option with a 9300 nm CO2 laser LEA approach was suggested. […] The 9300 nm CO2 laser with LEA and epithelial stimulation successfully removed the hyperkeratotic papillae and alleviated the patients symptoms immediately after treatment. […] Another consideration when weighing this treatment approach is that along with removing hyperkeratotic papillae, LEA therapy may have antibacterial and antifungal properties that help promote successful resolution of HFLP.

• #32 Low Energy Laser Ablation Therapy for Hairy Tongue – Decisions in Dentistry

  https://decisionsindentistry.com/article/low-energy-laser-ablation-therapy-hairy-tongue/

  This case report describes palliative treatment of hairy tongue using a 9300 nm CO2 laser and low energy ablation therapy. […] The literature has limited reporting, but if conventional treatment is ineffective, the use of diode laser photobiomodulation or carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers has been suggested. […] Following chlorhexidine therapy, a palliative treatment option with a 9300 nm CO2 laser LEA approach was offered. […] The first LEA treatment addressed the right side tongue on February 22, 2022, where symptoms were most problematic. […] The 9300 nm CO2 laser with LEA and epithelial stimulation successfully removed the hyperkeratotic papillae and alleviated the patients symptoms immediately after treatment. […] This case report described a novel palliative treatment for a painful, persistent and refractory HFLP with the use of a 9300 nm CO2 laser with LEA.

• #33 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14294685/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated

  Aside from looking scary, black hairy tongue is benign. Treatment consists of mechanical debridement with a tongue scraper and a toothbrush, as well as removing the causative factors if possible. […] As an adjunct to conventional debridement and to facilitate removal of the black color from the tongue, this author advocates the application of StellaLife Vega Oral Care Gel to the tongue prior to tongue scraping (three times a day) and StellaLife Vega Oral Rinse (three times a day). In addition, taking StellaLife Probiotic Oral Lozenge twice a day for 10 days will foster an environment of good bacteria in the mouth to improve both the health and color of the tongue. […] Black hairy tongue generally resolves within days to weeks after implementation of oral care and removal of the etiologic factors. Patients who do not respond to this treatment after a few weeks may need to undergo further treatment, such as laser application to the tongue surface.

• #34

  https://www.laparoscopyhospital.com/forum/forum.php?p=9&cat_id=&tid=652

  The black tongue is really harmless. Black hairy tongue is brought on by bacteria or fungi in the mouth, which will make the tongue appear black and hairy. It’s easily remedied by good old-fashioned dental hygiene. […] Practicing good oral hygiene is the greatest method to treat black hairy tongue. Gently brush your teeth twice daily with a soft toothbrush. Also, brush your tongue. Use a tongue scraper to make sure you’re thoroughly washing the area. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your mouth clean. Other tips include: If you smoke, quit. Add more roughage for your diet. Soft foods won’t clean off the tongue effectively. Call your doctor or dentist if the problem does not get better on its own. Your physician may prescribe antibiotics or an antifungal drug to get rid of the bacteria or yeast. Topical medications, for example tretinoin (Retin-A) are also sometimes prescribed. Like a last measure, if the problem doesn’t improve, the papillae can be surgically clipped off with a laser or electrosurgery.

• #35 Black hairy tongue cured concurrently with respiratory infection | MDedge

  https://ma1.mdedge.com/content/black-hairy-tongue-cured-concurrently-respiratory-infection

  Physical examination showed brownish papillary lesions spread across the dorsum of the tongue; the lesions were a darker shade proximally, leading to the diagnosis of black hairy tongue. Hygienic measures were recommended, with other treatment options to be considered later, if necessary. […] The optimal treatment is unclear, but the condition can improve with hygienic measures alone, topical or oral retinoids, topical triamcinolone acetonide, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, or antifungals. […] Rarely, surgical excision of the filliform papilla in black hairy tongue has been done for symptomatic relief and cosmetic purposes. […] While our patient presented with typical features of black hairy tongue, which resolved with hygienic measures and smoking cessation, we could not completely rule out the contribution of antibiotics given for the respiratory infection. It is important to keep this disease in mind to avoid unnecessary tests and to apply the most appropriate treatment according to the patients symptoms.

• #36 Black hairy tongue – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hairy_tongue

  Treatment is by reassurance, as the condition is benign, and then by correction of any predisposing factors. […] Generally direct measures to return the tongue to its normal appearance involve improving oral hygiene, especially scraping or brushing the tongue before sleep. […] Keratolytic agents (chemicals to remove keratin) such as podophyllin are successful, but carry safety concerns. […] Other reported successful measures include sodium bicarbonate mouthrinses, eating pineapple, sucking on a peach stone and chewing gum.

• #37

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a rare condition that is conventionally managed by discontinuing associated medications or habits and practicing good oral hygiene, including tongue brushing. […] We present a case of BHT diagnosed and treated within 2 weeks by using TCM methods. […] On the basis of TCM theory, we made a clinical diagnosis of BHT and spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, which may have been caused by the antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. […] Subsequently, we administered a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) formula comprising a combination of Wu-Ling-San and a modification of Da-Yuan-Yin. […] After 2 weeks of CHM treatment, the patients BHT was nearly eliminated, and the thick white coating and the corresponding symptoms were ameliorated. After 4 weeks of CHM treatment, the BHT was completely resolved.

• #38

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Moreover, CHM treatment rapidly relieved BHT and related symptoms without adverse events. […] The literature does not contain a comprehensive report on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment outcomes for BHT. […] We observed that after 1 week of CHM administration, the BHT area decreased. […] After 2 weeks of CHM administration, the BHT area was nearly eliminated, and the area of the thick white coating was also reduced. […] After 4 weeks of CHM administration, the BHT was completely resolved. […] The patient did not experience adverse events during the CHM treatment process and was satisfied with the treatment outcomes; she also demonstrated favorable adherence to the treatment.

• #39 Black furry tongue – possible remedy – Oral Cancer Support – Survivor / Patient Forum

  https://oralcancersupport.org/forums/ubbthreads.php/topics/128237/black-furry-tongue-possible-remedy

  Hello everybody, Not long after my radiation/chemo, which ended almost nine months ago (I’ve not had any surgery in my mouth) I developed what is aptly described as „black furry tongue”. I just saw my oncologist and he said this is a fungal infection caused by lack of saliva and particularly an enzyme in the saliva. He proposed a possible remedy. He said you can use fresh pineapple or very sour apples as well, but he suggested making pineapple juice ice cubes and once a day placing one on the tongue and let it melt. He said this may be pretty challenging, due to the cold and acid. He said that if you do this every day for 4 to 6 weeks you should see a resolution. Also brushing gently with a soft tooth brush regularly, sweeping forward, should help keep the problem at bay. […] I think they called it „hairy tongue”. Like „Thrush” it can be due to antibotics, reduced saliva, yeast infection…. It is benign, but as best I recall, when I had it the „Thrush” med (Nystatin) took care of it. […] I did and still do brush my tongue and it helps keep it clean.

• #40 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] In most instances good oral hygiene with a toothbrush or tongue scraper will result in elimination of the build up. Individuals with a persistent coating on the tongue should consult their dentist or other trained oral health professional. Hairy tongue that does not resolve with such simple measures may be treated with medical or surgical treatments by qualified individuals. […] Most individuals can prevent hairy tongue by practicing good oral hygiene. Brushing the top of the tongue with a tooth brush should be part of regular daily oral hygiene activities. […] The key to successful long-term elimination is excellent oral hygiene. Patients who have had hairy tongue are at greater risk for recurrence.

• #41 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes and Treatment | Oral Care

  https://sherwoodparkdental.ca/antibiotics-hairy-tongue/

  No doubt, seeing a black hairy tongue in the mirror is unsettling. Luckily, this condition is harmless and can be easily treated. Heres how you can get your tongue back to normal and prevent the condition from developing again. […] A black and hairy tongue isnt ultimately harmful to your overall health. Its generally easy to treat both the condition and any secondary cause. You should be able to clean the surface of your tongue using a soft toothbrush or a tongue scraper. In severe instances, your doctor or dentist may prescribe medications or recommend mouthwashes. If this hasnt worked to eliminate black hairy tongue, your dentist may consider using laser surgery as final treatment options. […] The best prevention method is to commit to good, daily oral care and reassess your habits. Along with brushing twice daily and flossing, you might consider using a tongue scraper to clean your tongue. Refraining from tobacco use and limiting your alcohol, black tea and coffee intake may also help. With a good oral care plan in place that includes regular dental visits, you can keep all the parts of your mouth healthy.

• #42 Black Hairy Tongue Causes And Treatment | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/threats-to-dental-health/black-hairy-tongue-causes-and-treatment

  The best prevention method is to commit to good, daily oral care and reassess your habits. Along with brushing twice daily and cleaning between your teeth, you might consider using a tongue scraper to clean your tongue. Refraining from tobacco use and limiting your alcohol, black tea, and coffee intake may also help. With a good oral care plan in place that includes regular dental visits, you can keep all the parts of your mouth healthy.

• #43

  https://www.natrusmile.com/blogs/news/what-does-a-black-black-tongue-mean?srsltid=AfmBOooc03r6B4YZeX5I1IJTOz2pQTrekt16_ktbomY3uuAkBP9lHquX

  In severe cases where no regular treatment seems to solve the problem, a minor surgery may be necessary. This can involve removing the discolored tissue from your tongue, as well as some healthy tissue for testing. […] Regular dental cleanings are essential for anyone who wants to maintain good oral hygiene. […] Staying hydrated is critical for oral health, as it helps to flush out bacteria and other debris in the mouth.

• #44 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  Consultation with or referral to a general dentist may be indicated if the etiology of a patient’s hairy tongue appears to be primarily one of poor oral hygiene; other consultations may be needed if one or more prescribed medications must be changed or curtailed. […] If hairy tongue is noted in a patient as part of a routine outpatient examination, the patient should be encouraged to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area.

• #45 Hairy Tongue Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/hairy-tongue/

  The medical professional will want to confirm the diagnosis, ensure there is not another diagnosis present, and review your medication list. […] If self-care measures are unsuccessful, seek medical advice.

• #46 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? by Dr. Scott Froum

  https://stellalife.com/blogs/in-the-news/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated-by-dr-scott-froum?srsltid=AfmBOoq3ZRUNyDI8zysRcvkciNbKR9zqbNEQIULr4gIJLBYlJWOd_Hjv

  A black hairy tongue can be startling to patients, but it is benign. Dr. Scott Froum explains the etiology of black hairy tongue and offers recommendations for treatment. […] Black hairy tongue typically does not hurt, but bad breath (halitosis), altered taste (dysgeusia), dry mouth (xerostomia), and/or burning of the tongue can occur.

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