Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Black hairy tongue syndrome – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25152586/

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] BHT remains an important medical condition which may result in additional burden on the patient and health care system and requires appropriate prevention, recognition and treatment.

• #2 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #3 Black hairy tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20356077

  Black hairy tongue is a condition of the tongue that gives it a dark, furry look. […] Black hairy tongue is usually a harmless condition. It’s usually short term when steps are taken to get rid of or manage the cause. […] See your healthcare professional or dentist if: You don’t know what’s causing black hairy tongue and want to talk about what steps to take. […] The cause of black hairy tongue can’t always be found. Possible causes of black hairy tongue include: Changes in the healthy bacteria or yeast found in the mouth when taking antibiotics. […] Poor mouth and tongue cleaning, dry mouth, and eating only soft foods may raise your risk of black hairy tongue.

• #4 Hairy tongue: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320201

  Hairy tongue can take on a number of different colors, but some triggers will cause specific colors to develop. An example of this is black hairy tongue, which is associated with the consumption of tobacco, coffee, tea, or use of some mouthwashes. […] Medical treatment is often not necessary for hairy tongue, as it is typically a transient condition, which poses no serious health risk. […] If lifestyle changes have not been successful in treating the condition, a doctor or dentist may recommend further evaluation and a more focused treatment. For example, an antibiotic or antifungal medication may be prescribed to remove bacteria or yeast.

• #5 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #6 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless and fairly common condition in which the top of your tongue looks hairy. […] In most cases, your healthcare provider can make a diagnosis by looking at your tongue. Generally, no tests are necessary. Your healthcare provider might order a biopsy an examination of tissue removed from your tongue if there’s any doubt about the diagnosis or concern that black hairy tongue isn’t the only problem.

• #7 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] A: In most instances, dentists or health care providers can make the diagnosis based on clinical appearance. Biopsy of hairy tongue is not necessary.

• #8 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #9 Black hairy tongue | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/black-hairy-tongue

  A 71-year-old man presents for evaluation of an asymptomatic black discoloration of the tongue that he noticed several days earlier. […] The diagnosis is based on filiform papillae that are elongated more than 3 mm on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Cultures may be taken to rule out a superimposed oral candidiasis or other suspected oral infection. […] Black hairy tongue is usually asymptomatic. However, symptoms such as altered (metallic) taste, nausea, or halitosis may be noted. Most patients with hairy tongue drink coffee or tea, often in addition to tobacco use. […] Although frightening to the patient, black hairy tongue is completely harmless. In most cases, treatment does not require drugs. If fungal overgrowth is present, a topical antifungal can be used when the condition is symptomatic. […] The hairy appearance is due to elongation of keratinized filiform papillae, which may have different colors, varying from white to yellowish brown to black depending on extrinsic factors (eg, tobacco, coffee, tea, food) and intrinsic factors (ie, chromogenic organisms in normal flora).

• #10 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] A: In most instances, dentists or health care providers can make the diagnosis based on clinical appearance. Biopsy of hairy tongue is not necessary.

• #11 Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/702

  Hairy tongue is a common, benign clinical condition with the hairy appearance on the dorsal tongue caused by keratin retention on the top of the filiform papillae. Hairy tongue presents on the dorsal surface as diffuse hair-like projections, particularly in the midline. The colour of the elongated papillae may range from yellow to brown-black. There may be a difference in the colour of the elongated papillae due to the exogenous staining from different foods, tobacco, and chromogenic bacteria. […] Key diagnostic factors include the presence of risk factors, grooves and fissures on the dorsal tongue (fissured tongue), hairy projections on the dorsal midline tongue (hairy tongue), well-demarcated areas of erythema on the dorsal tongue (geographic tongue), atrophic red central zone within patches (geographic tongue), and lesions that seem to migrate (geographic tongue).

• #12 Black hairy tongue syndrome – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25152586/

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] BHT remains an important medical condition which may result in additional burden on the patient and health care system and requires appropriate prevention, recognition and treatment.

• #13 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #14 Prednisolone-Induced Hairy Tongue: A Case Report | Volume 34 – Issue 3 – September 2019 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://www.archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1026

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized with hypertrophy and elongation of papillae with hairy-like appearance on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Diagnosis of BHT principally relies on visual inspection of the tongue and inspection of the elongated and discolored filiform papillae. […] There is no objective diagnostic criteria for BHT. […] Although tongue biopsy can be supportive for diagnosis, it is not required when the lesion is typical and responds to debridement. […] A detailed history is required in patients presenting with signs of BHT to identify the contributing factors and differential diagnosis. […] Because she had no predisposing factors while having hairy-like appearance after previous steroid use and a Naranjo ADR score of 8, the appearance of hairy tongue was associated to prednisolone use. […] Education of patients who are at risk for developing BHT is the first-line treatment of BTH. […] In conclusion, BHT is a benign, self-limiting, and usually asymptomatic disorder.

• #15 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #16

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Patients being placed on certain antibiotics or antipsychotics should be educated on the importance of good oral hygiene or cessation of habits that promote BHT. […] Similarly, those with medical conditions increasing the risk for the development of BHT should schedule routine visits with their dentist or dental hygienist. […] This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiology, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of BHT and lists all of the medications reported to cause this condition.

• #17 Black hairy tongue caused by metronidazole | The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

  https://www.bjid.org.br/en-black-hairy-tongue-caused-by-articulo-S1413867021001021

  An 82-year-old woman complained of fever, headache, and left hemiplegia. […] Hence, she underwent surgical drainage and antimicrobial treatment with ceftriaxone and metronidazole. […] We suspected antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) and thereby discontinued metronidazole. […] Therefore, she was diagnosed with BHT due to metronidazole. […] BHT is a benign condition characterized by hypertrophy and lengthening of the filiform papilla on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. […] Erythromycin, doxycycline, linezolid, penicillin, minocycline, and metronidazole reportedly cause BHT. […] Generally, BHT is managed by discontinuing the potential causative medication, modifying the predisposing factors, maintaining a good oral hygiene with tongue care to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae.

• #18 Black hairy tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356080

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #19 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14294685/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated

  Black hairy tongue should be differentiated from fake black tongue (pseudoblack hairy tongue), which can occur when the tongue becomes stained from coffee/tea, food coloring, or medications that contain bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) […] Studies have shown that black hairy tongue can occur in 1%11% of the population. It occurs in males at three times the rate of females due to higher smoking rates and poor oral hygiene in males. The rate of this condition also increases in those older than 60.5 […] Black hairy tongue generally resolves within days to weeks after implementation of oral care and removal of the etiologic factors (figure 3). Patients who do not respond to this treatment after a few weeks may need to undergo further treatment, such as laser application to the tongue surface.9

• #20

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Patients being placed on certain antibiotics or antipsychotics should be educated on the importance of good oral hygiene or cessation of habits that promote BHT. […] Similarly, those with medical conditions increasing the risk for the development of BHT should schedule routine visits with their dentist or dental hygienist. […] This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiology, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of BHT and lists all of the medications reported to cause this condition.

• #21

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Patients being placed on certain antibiotics or antipsychotics should be educated on the importance of good oral hygiene or cessation of habits that promote BHT. […] Similarly, those with medical conditions increasing the risk for the development of BHT should schedule routine visits with their dentist or dental hygienist. […] This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiology, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of BHT and lists all of the medications reported to cause this condition.

• #22 Black hairy tongue | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/black-hairy-tongue

  A 71-year-old man presents for evaluation of an asymptomatic black discoloration of the tongue that he noticed several days earlier. […] The diagnosis is based on filiform papillae that are elongated more than 3 mm on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Cultures may be taken to rule out a superimposed oral candidiasis or other suspected oral infection. […] Black hairy tongue is usually asymptomatic. However, symptoms such as altered (metallic) taste, nausea, or halitosis may be noted. Most patients with hairy tongue drink coffee or tea, often in addition to tobacco use. […] Although frightening to the patient, black hairy tongue is completely harmless. In most cases, treatment does not require drugs. If fungal overgrowth is present, a topical antifungal can be used when the condition is symptomatic. […] The hairy appearance is due to elongation of keratinized filiform papillae, which may have different colors, varying from white to yellowish brown to black depending on extrinsic factors (eg, tobacco, coffee, tea, food) and intrinsic factors (ie, chromogenic organisms in normal flora).

• #23

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Patients being placed on certain antibiotics or antipsychotics should be educated on the importance of good oral hygiene or cessation of habits that promote BHT. […] Similarly, those with medical conditions increasing the risk for the development of BHT should schedule routine visits with their dentist or dental hygienist. […] This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiology, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of BHT and lists all of the medications reported to cause this condition.

• #24

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Patients being placed on certain antibiotics or antipsychotics should be educated on the importance of good oral hygiene or cessation of habits that promote BHT. […] Similarly, those with medical conditions increasing the risk for the development of BHT should schedule routine visits with their dentist or dental hygienist. […] This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiology, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of BHT and lists all of the medications reported to cause this condition.

• #25 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless and fairly common condition in which the top of your tongue looks hairy. […] In most cases, your healthcare provider can make a diagnosis by looking at your tongue. Generally, no tests are necessary. Your healthcare provider might order a biopsy an examination of tissue removed from your tongue if there’s any doubt about the diagnosis or concern that black hairy tongue isn’t the only problem.

• #26 Hairy Tongue Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-workup

  Culture of the tongue’s dorsal surface may be taken if a superimposed oral candidiasis or other specific oral infection is suspected. […] Given that the finding of pigmentation in the oral cavity may represent systemic disease, normal physiologic pigmentation, medication-induced hyperpigmentation, or a localized neoplasm, a biopsy may be in order to facilitate diagnosis. […] A simple biopsy and histologic examination may be helpful in distinguishing between similar-appearing conditions. […] Histopathologic findings in hairy tongue consist of elongated filiform papillae, with mild hyperkeratosis and occasional inflammatory cells. Finding accumulated debris intermingled among the papillae and candidal pseudohyphae is not unusual. No other specific microscopic findings are associated with this entity.

• #27 Black Hairy Tongue: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/how_do_you_get_rid_of_black_hairy_tongue/article_em.htm

  How Is Black Hairy Tongue Diagnosed? Most of the time, dentists or doctors can diagnose black hairy tongue by appearance alone and no additional testing is needed, however, tests may be done to determine the cause, such as: […] Swabs for bacterial culture […] Fungal scrapings […] Tongue biopsy.

• #28 Hairy tongue

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue is due to defective shedding of surface cells. […] Hairy tongue is a clinical diagnosis. […] Investigations may include: Swabs for bacterial culture, Fungal scrapings, Tongue biopsy.

• #29 Hairy Tongue | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Prevention

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/dental-oral-health/hairy-tongue

  The hairy tongue is mainly diagnosed by its appearance. However, the following tests are performed for a definitive diagnosis: […] Swabs or scrapings are collected from the tongue’s surface and stained with Gram or periodic acid-Schiff stains. It helps in detecting fungal infections of the tongue. […] Latex agglutination-based card test is a laboratory procedure to detect candida organisms, if present. […] Widefield optical fluorescence is a newer modality used in visualizing the enlarged filiform papillae and build-up of keratin. It is painless, accurate, non-invasive, and requires no staining. […] A tongue biopsy is rarely done to diagnose hairy tongue. This method involves removing a small piece of tissue from the tongue. The tissue is stained to detect the presence of Epstein-Barr virus, which causes a different condition of the tongue called hairy leukoplakia.

• #30 Hairy Tongue | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Prevention

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/dental-oral-health/hairy-tongue

  The hairy tongue is mainly diagnosed by its appearance. However, the following tests are performed for a definitive diagnosis: […] Swabs or scrapings are collected from the tongue’s surface and stained with Gram or periodic acid-Schiff stains. It helps in detecting fungal infections of the tongue. […] Latex agglutination-based card test is a laboratory procedure to detect candida organisms, if present. […] Widefield optical fluorescence is a newer modality used in visualizing the enlarged filiform papillae and build-up of keratin. It is painless, accurate, non-invasive, and requires no staining. […] A tongue biopsy is rarely done to diagnose hairy tongue. This method involves removing a small piece of tissue from the tongue. The tissue is stained to detect the presence of Epstein-Barr virus, which causes a different condition of the tongue called hairy leukoplakia.

• #31 Hairy Tongue | Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Prevention

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/dental-oral-health/hairy-tongue

  The hairy tongue is mainly diagnosed by its appearance. However, the following tests are performed for a definitive diagnosis: […] Swabs or scrapings are collected from the tongue’s surface and stained with Gram or periodic acid-Schiff stains. It helps in detecting fungal infections of the tongue. […] Latex agglutination-based card test is a laboratory procedure to detect candida organisms, if present. […] Widefield optical fluorescence is a newer modality used in visualizing the enlarged filiform papillae and build-up of keratin. It is painless, accurate, non-invasive, and requires no staining. […] A tongue biopsy is rarely done to diagnose hairy tongue. This method involves removing a small piece of tissue from the tongue. The tissue is stained to detect the presence of Epstein-Barr virus, which causes a different condition of the tongue called hairy leukoplakia.

• #32 SciELO Brazil – Hairy Tongue: Differential Diagnosis by Use of Widefield Optical Fluorescence Hairy Tongue: Differential Diagnosis by Use of Widefield Optical Fluorescence

  https://www.scielo.br/j/bdj/a/tCBcLKSRXN7bVPvQ8bQXsFc/?lang=en

  In this case, the clinical examination performed by both, general dental practitioner and dentist specialist in oral diagnosis, found a false positive result for oral cancer in a hairy tongue lesion. […] Thus, the absence of fluorescence images with darkened appearance due to loss of fluorescence, suggests the benign nature of the pathology. […] In conclusion, the use of widefield optical fluorescence in an oral diagnostic routine can provide data and images, in real time and painlessly, that can help the professional to establish a correct diagnosis.

• #33 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] A: In most instances, dentists or health care providers can make the diagnosis based on clinical appearance. Biopsy of hairy tongue is not necessary.

• #34 Hairy Tongue Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-workup

  Culture of the tongue’s dorsal surface may be taken if a superimposed oral candidiasis or other specific oral infection is suspected. […] Given that the finding of pigmentation in the oral cavity may represent systemic disease, normal physiologic pigmentation, medication-induced hyperpigmentation, or a localized neoplasm, a biopsy may be in order to facilitate diagnosis. […] A simple biopsy and histologic examination may be helpful in distinguishing between similar-appearing conditions. […] Histopathologic findings in hairy tongue consist of elongated filiform papillae, with mild hyperkeratosis and occasional inflammatory cells. Finding accumulated debris intermingled among the papillae and candidal pseudohyphae is not unusual. No other specific microscopic findings are associated with this entity.

• #35 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless and fairly common condition in which the top of your tongue looks hairy. […] In most cases, your healthcare provider can make a diagnosis by looking at your tongue. Generally, no tests are necessary. Your healthcare provider might order a biopsy an examination of tissue removed from your tongue if there’s any doubt about the diagnosis or concern that black hairy tongue isn’t the only problem.

• #36 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless and fairly common condition in which the top of your tongue looks hairy. […] In most cases, your healthcare provider can make a diagnosis by looking at your tongue. Generally, no tests are necessary. Your healthcare provider might order a biopsy an examination of tissue removed from your tongue if there’s any doubt about the diagnosis or concern that black hairy tongue isn’t the only problem.

• #37 Black hairy tongue associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-99572021000500112

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized by dark coloration and hypertrophy with hyperkeratosis in filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. […] Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition in which the center of the tongue changes its color, from black to yellow, and has a hairy appearance due to hypertrophy and elongation of the filiform papillae. […] An association between BHT and systemic diseases such as HIV and malignancies has been described. […] Clinical diagnosis is made by asking the patient in detail about the presence of the abovementioned predisposing factors. […] A biopsy is usually not necessary, except when the lesion becomes atypical, refractory to treatment or symptomatic, thus suggesting a potential malignancy or systemic disease. […] Dermoscopy is the diagnostic tool of choice; it allows the identification of shape and color changes of the filiform papillae; it is also useful in the evaluation of therapeutic success.

• #38 Black hairy tongue associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-99572021000500112

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized by dark coloration and hypertrophy with hyperkeratosis in filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. […] Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition in which the center of the tongue changes its color, from black to yellow, and has a hairy appearance due to hypertrophy and elongation of the filiform papillae. […] An association between BHT and systemic diseases such as HIV and malignancies has been described. […] Clinical diagnosis is made by asking the patient in detail about the presence of the abovementioned predisposing factors. […] A biopsy is usually not necessary, except when the lesion becomes atypical, refractory to treatment or symptomatic, thus suggesting a potential malignancy or systemic disease. […] Dermoscopy is the diagnostic tool of choice; it allows the identification of shape and color changes of the filiform papillae; it is also useful in the evaluation of therapeutic success.

• #39 Black hairy tongue associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-99572021000500112

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized by dark coloration and hypertrophy with hyperkeratosis in filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. […] Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition in which the center of the tongue changes its color, from black to yellow, and has a hairy appearance due to hypertrophy and elongation of the filiform papillae. […] An association between BHT and systemic diseases such as HIV and malignancies has been described. […] Clinical diagnosis is made by asking the patient in detail about the presence of the abovementioned predisposing factors. […] A biopsy is usually not necessary, except when the lesion becomes atypical, refractory to treatment or symptomatic, thus suggesting a potential malignancy or systemic disease. […] Dermoscopy is the diagnostic tool of choice; it allows the identification of shape and color changes of the filiform papillae; it is also useful in the evaluation of therapeutic success.

• #40 Hairy Tongue Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-workup

  Culture of the tongue’s dorsal surface may be taken if a superimposed oral candidiasis or other specific oral infection is suspected. […] Given that the finding of pigmentation in the oral cavity may represent systemic disease, normal physiologic pigmentation, medication-induced hyperpigmentation, or a localized neoplasm, a biopsy may be in order to facilitate diagnosis. […] A simple biopsy and histologic examination may be helpful in distinguishing between similar-appearing conditions. […] Histopathologic findings in hairy tongue consist of elongated filiform papillae, with mild hyperkeratosis and occasional inflammatory cells. Finding accumulated debris intermingled among the papillae and candidal pseudohyphae is not unusual. No other specific microscopic findings are associated with this entity.

• #41 Hairy Tongue Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-workup

  Culture of the tongue’s dorsal surface may be taken if a superimposed oral candidiasis or other specific oral infection is suspected. […] Given that the finding of pigmentation in the oral cavity may represent systemic disease, normal physiologic pigmentation, medication-induced hyperpigmentation, or a localized neoplasm, a biopsy may be in order to facilitate diagnosis. […] A simple biopsy and histologic examination may be helpful in distinguishing between similar-appearing conditions. […] Histopathologic findings in hairy tongue consist of elongated filiform papillae, with mild hyperkeratosis and occasional inflammatory cells. Finding accumulated debris intermingled among the papillae and candidal pseudohyphae is not unusual. No other specific microscopic findings are associated with this entity.

• #42 Black hairy tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356080

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #43 Black hairy tongue // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Normal differences in tongue color. […] Foods or medicines that have stained the tongue. […] Fungal or viral infections. […] Patches that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia. […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #44 Black hairy tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356080

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #45 Asymptomatic Transient Lingual Hyperpigmentation | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/asymptomatic-transient-lingual-hyperpigmentation

  Pseudo-black hairy tongue is a benign and painless disorder characterized by transient hyperpigmentation of the tongue with a substance that can be easily scraped off. […] The differential diagnosis of lingual hyperpigmentation includes lingua villosa nigra (also known as black hairy tongue), pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue, acanthosis nigricans, and oral hairy leukoplakia. […] In our patient there was an acute onset of tongue discoloration associated with ingestion of bismuth salicylate, no hypertrophy or lengthening of the lingual papillae, and no involvement of the patient’s lips, which was consistent with the diagnosis of pseudo-black hairy tongue. […] Pseudo-black hairy tongue is transient and treated by discontinuation of offending agents and proper hygiene practices.

• #46 Black hairy tongue // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Normal differences in tongue color. […] Foods or medicines that have stained the tongue. […] Fungal or viral infections. […] Patches that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia. […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #47 Black hairy tongue – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/black-hairy-tongue/

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on appearance and possible causes or contributing factors. It also includes eliminating other conditions that may cause a similar appearance to the tongue, such as: […] Normal variations in tongue color (pigment) […] Foods or medications that have stained the tongue […] Fungal or viral infections […] Oral lesions that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia […] Blackened tongue (pseudo-black hairy tongue) from using products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #48 Black hairy tongue // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Normal differences in tongue color. […] Foods or medicines that have stained the tongue. […] Fungal or viral infections. […] Patches that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia. […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #49 Black hairy tongue – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/black-hairy-tongue/

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on appearance and possible causes or contributing factors. It also includes eliminating other conditions that may cause a similar appearance to the tongue, such as: […] Normal variations in tongue color (pigment) […] Foods or medications that have stained the tongue […] Fungal or viral infections […] Oral lesions that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia […] Blackened tongue (pseudo-black hairy tongue) from using products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #50 Black hairy tongue // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Normal differences in tongue color. […] Foods or medicines that have stained the tongue. […] Fungal or viral infections. […] Patches that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia. […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #51 Black hairy tongue – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/black-hairy-tongue/

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on appearance and possible causes or contributing factors. It also includes eliminating other conditions that may cause a similar appearance to the tongue, such as: […] Normal variations in tongue color (pigment) […] Foods or medications that have stained the tongue […] Fungal or viral infections […] Oral lesions that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia […] Blackened tongue (pseudo-black hairy tongue) from using products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #52 Black hairy tongue – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hairy_tongue

  Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a condition of the tongue in which the small bumps on the tongue elongate with black or brown discoloration, giving a black and hairy appearance. […] Diagnosis is usually made on the clinical appearance without the need for a tissue biopsy. […] However, when biopsies have been taken, the histologic appearance is one of marked elongation and hyperparakeratosis of the filiform papillae and numerous bacteria growing on the epithelial surface. […] Hairy tongue may be confused with hairy leukoplakia, however the latter usually occurs on the sides of the tongue and is associated with an opportunistic infection with EpsteinBarr virus on a background immunocompromise.

• #53 Common Tongue Conditions in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0301/p627.html

  Oral hairy leukoplakia differs from hairy tongue in its location and association with immunosuppression. The condition is characterized by white, hairy appearing lesions localized to the lateral margins of the tongue, in a unilateral or bilateral fashion. […] If oral hairy leukoplakia occurs in the absence of a known immunocompromising condition, HIV testing should be considered.

• #54

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-017-4087-x

  A healthy 32-year-old woman presented with 2 weeks of black discoloration of the tongue. […] The findings were felt to be consistent with black hairy tongue (BHT) secondary to the use of oxidizing mouthwash. […] BHT is benign, asymptomatic, and temporary. […] Differential diagnosis includes pseudo-BHT secondary to chemicals or food coloring, pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue, hairy leukoplakia, and congenital nevi. […] BHT is usually self-limited and carries a good prognosis.

• #55

  https://journals.lww.com/ljms/fulltext/2019/03030/medical_quiz__lingua_villosa_nigra__black_hairy.9.aspx

  Black hairy tongue is a temporary, harmless oral condition that gives the tongue a dark, furry appearance. The distinct look usually results from a build-up of dead skin cells on the papillae of the surface of the tongue that contains taste buds. The differential diagnosis includes a variety of medical conditions and medication side effect. […] A diagnosis of lingua villosa nigra was made, and the samples using swab were sent for microscopic examination and cultures. […] The patient’s long history of exposure to immunosuppressive medications and recent use of antibiotics predisposed him to oral thrush which manifested as black hairy tongue. Candida, especially non-albicans species, has been reported to be associated with lingua villosa nigra. […] Black hairy tongue has been referred to by various names, including hyperkeratosis of the tongue, lingua villosa nigra, and nigrities linguae. Black hairy tongue typically does not cause significant health problems, and it is usually painless. The exact mechanism leading to this entity is not well studied. The differential diagnosis includes a normal tongue that has been stained black by food colorings or bismuth ingestion, oral hairy leukoplakia, pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue, and acanthosis nigricans. Black hairy tongue usually resolves by eliminating possible causes or contributing factors and practicing good oral hygiene.

• #56 Asymptomatic Transient Lingual Hyperpigmentation | MDedge

  https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/asymptomatic-transient-lingual-hyperpigmentation

  Pseudo-black hairy tongue is a benign and painless disorder characterized by transient hyperpigmentation of the tongue with a substance that can be easily scraped off. […] The differential diagnosis of lingual hyperpigmentation includes lingua villosa nigra (also known as black hairy tongue), pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue, acanthosis nigricans, and oral hairy leukoplakia. […] In our patient there was an acute onset of tongue discoloration associated with ingestion of bismuth salicylate, no hypertrophy or lengthening of the lingual papillae, and no involvement of the patient’s lips, which was consistent with the diagnosis of pseudo-black hairy tongue. […] Pseudo-black hairy tongue is transient and treated by discontinuation of offending agents and proper hygiene practices.

• #57 Unveiling Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatments – Dr. James O’Donovan

  https://www.doctorodonovan.com/videos/unveiling-black-hairy-tongue-causes-diagnosis-and-effective-treatments

  In today’s blog post, we delve into an intriguing and somewhat unsettling condition known as Black Hairy Tongue, or lingua villosa nigra. […] Diagnosing Black Hairy Tongue is primarily clinical. A thorough history and physical examination are essential to rule out other conditions that might mimic its appearance. […] If there’s any uncertainty about the diagnosis, additional investigations might be warranted. These could include swabs for bacterial and fungal cultures or even a biopsy if there’s a suspicion of oral cancer.

• #58 Pantoprazole Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report

  https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/pantoprazole-induced-black-hairy-tongue-a-case-report-100944.html

  Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) is characterized by abnormally hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae, resulting in a blackish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Clinical and microscopic examinations led to a diagnosis of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT). […] There was a suspicion that BHT might be an adverse drug reaction specifically to Pantoprazole. […] Causality assessment using the WHO-UMC (World Health Organization – Uppsala Monitoring Centre) scale indicated a 'probable’ association between the adverse drug reaction and Pantoprazole. […] Physicians need to be vigilant about the potential occurrence of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) in patients using Pantoprazole, and they should recognize that discontinuing the medication, coupled with mechanical debridement and maintaining proper oral hygiene, leads to complete resolution of the condition.

• #59 Pantoprazole Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report

  https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/pantoprazole-induced-black-hairy-tongue-a-case-report-100944.html

  Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) is characterized by abnormally hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae, resulting in a blackish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Clinical and microscopic examinations led to a diagnosis of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT). […] There was a suspicion that BHT might be an adverse drug reaction specifically to Pantoprazole. […] Causality assessment using the WHO-UMC (World Health Organization – Uppsala Monitoring Centre) scale indicated a 'probable’ association between the adverse drug reaction and Pantoprazole. […] Physicians need to be vigilant about the potential occurrence of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) in patients using Pantoprazole, and they should recognize that discontinuing the medication, coupled with mechanical debridement and maintaining proper oral hygiene, leads to complete resolution of the condition.

• #60 Prednisolone-Induced Hairy Tongue: A Case Report | Volume 34 – Issue 3 – September 2019 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://www.archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1026

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized with hypertrophy and elongation of papillae with hairy-like appearance on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Diagnosis of BHT principally relies on visual inspection of the tongue and inspection of the elongated and discolored filiform papillae. […] There is no objective diagnostic criteria for BHT. […] Although tongue biopsy can be supportive for diagnosis, it is not required when the lesion is typical and responds to debridement. […] A detailed history is required in patients presenting with signs of BHT to identify the contributing factors and differential diagnosis. […] Because she had no predisposing factors while having hairy-like appearance after previous steroid use and a Naranjo ADR score of 8, the appearance of hairy tongue was associated to prednisolone use. […] Education of patients who are at risk for developing BHT is the first-line treatment of BTH. […] In conclusion, BHT is a benign, self-limiting, and usually asymptomatic disorder.

• #61 Pantoprazole Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report

  https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/pantoprazole-induced-black-hairy-tongue-a-case-report-100944.html

  Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) is characterized by abnormally hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae, resulting in a blackish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Clinical and microscopic examinations led to a diagnosis of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT). […] There was a suspicion that BHT might be an adverse drug reaction specifically to Pantoprazole. […] Causality assessment using the WHO-UMC (World Health Organization – Uppsala Monitoring Centre) scale indicated a 'probable’ association between the adverse drug reaction and Pantoprazole. […] Physicians need to be vigilant about the potential occurrence of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) in patients using Pantoprazole, and they should recognize that discontinuing the medication, coupled with mechanical debridement and maintaining proper oral hygiene, leads to complete resolution of the condition.

• #62 Black hairy tongue caused by metronidazole | The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

  https://www.bjid.org.br/en-black-hairy-tongue-caused-by-articulo-S1413867021001021

  An 82-year-old woman complained of fever, headache, and left hemiplegia. […] Hence, she underwent surgical drainage and antimicrobial treatment with ceftriaxone and metronidazole. […] We suspected antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) and thereby discontinued metronidazole. […] Therefore, she was diagnosed with BHT due to metronidazole. […] BHT is a benign condition characterized by hypertrophy and lengthening of the filiform papilla on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. […] Erythromycin, doxycycline, linezolid, penicillin, minocycline, and metronidazole reportedly cause BHT. […] Generally, BHT is managed by discontinuing the potential causative medication, modifying the predisposing factors, maintaining a good oral hygiene with tongue care to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae.

• #63

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a rare condition that is conventionally managed by discontinuing associated medications or habits and practicing good oral hygiene, including tongue brushing. […] Using the four diagnostic methods of TCM, we observed that her tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating; her tongue was of medium size with tooth marks, and its body color was light red. […] On the basis of TCM theory, we made a clinical diagnosis of BHT and spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, which may have been caused by the antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. […] The literature does not contain a comprehensive report on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment outcomes for BHT. […] In tongue diagnosis in TCM, a light-red tongue body is considered to be normal. However, our patient’s tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating, indicating turbid dampness; her tongue was also of medium size with tooth marks, indicating spleen Qi deficiency.

• #64 Black hairy tongue caused by metronidazole | The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

  https://www.bjid.org.br/en-black-hairy-tongue-caused-by-articulo-S1413867021001021

  An 82-year-old woman complained of fever, headache, and left hemiplegia. […] Hence, she underwent surgical drainage and antimicrobial treatment with ceftriaxone and metronidazole. […] We suspected antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) and thereby discontinued metronidazole. […] Therefore, she was diagnosed with BHT due to metronidazole. […] BHT is a benign condition characterized by hypertrophy and lengthening of the filiform papilla on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. […] Erythromycin, doxycycline, linezolid, penicillin, minocycline, and metronidazole reportedly cause BHT. […] Generally, BHT is managed by discontinuing the potential causative medication, modifying the predisposing factors, maintaining a good oral hygiene with tongue care to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae.

• #65 Black Hairy Tongue Associated With Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/black-hairy-tongue-associated-treatment-bipolar-disorder

  Black hairy tongue is benign and self-limited. It is caused by abnormal hypertrophy and elongation of filiform lingual papillae with associated discoloration. […] Lingua villosa nigra, aka, black hairy tongue (BHT), is a benign, self-limited dermatologic manifestation characterized by an abnormal hypertrophy and elongation of filiform lingual papillae with an associated brown or black discoloration. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, xerostomia, and certain medications-including olanzapine. All medications that can cause xerostomia may result in BHT, particularly when administered in combination (lithium also is associated with dry mouth). Discontinuation of the offending agent along with good oral hygiene practices and gentle scraping or brushing of the tongue is recommended. Multiple medications have been recommended to treat BHT; however, insufficient evidence exists for the routine use of any of these agents.

• #66 Pantoprazole Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report

  https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/pantoprazole-induced-black-hairy-tongue-a-case-report-100944.html

  Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) is characterized by abnormally hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae, resulting in a blackish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Clinical and microscopic examinations led to a diagnosis of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT). […] There was a suspicion that BHT might be an adverse drug reaction specifically to Pantoprazole. […] Causality assessment using the WHO-UMC (World Health Organization – Uppsala Monitoring Centre) scale indicated a 'probable’ association between the adverse drug reaction and Pantoprazole. […] Physicians need to be vigilant about the potential occurrence of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) in patients using Pantoprazole, and they should recognize that discontinuing the medication, coupled with mechanical debridement and maintaining proper oral hygiene, leads to complete resolution of the condition.

• #67 Black Hairy Tongue Associated With Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/black-hairy-tongue-associated-treatment-bipolar-disorder

  Black hairy tongue is benign and self-limited. It is caused by abnormal hypertrophy and elongation of filiform lingual papillae with associated discoloration. […] Lingua villosa nigra, aka, black hairy tongue (BHT), is a benign, self-limited dermatologic manifestation characterized by an abnormal hypertrophy and elongation of filiform lingual papillae with an associated brown or black discoloration. Predisposing factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, xerostomia, and certain medications-including olanzapine. All medications that can cause xerostomia may result in BHT, particularly when administered in combination (lithium also is associated with dry mouth). Discontinuation of the offending agent along with good oral hygiene practices and gentle scraping or brushing of the tongue is recommended. Multiple medications have been recommended to treat BHT; however, insufficient evidence exists for the routine use of any of these agents.

• #68 Prednisolone-Induced Hairy Tongue: A Case Report | Volume 34 – Issue 3 – September 2019 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://www.archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1026

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized with hypertrophy and elongation of papillae with hairy-like appearance on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Diagnosis of BHT principally relies on visual inspection of the tongue and inspection of the elongated and discolored filiform papillae. […] There is no objective diagnostic criteria for BHT. […] Although tongue biopsy can be supportive for diagnosis, it is not required when the lesion is typical and responds to debridement. […] A detailed history is required in patients presenting with signs of BHT to identify the contributing factors and differential diagnosis. […] Because she had no predisposing factors while having hairy-like appearance after previous steroid use and a Naranjo ADR score of 8, the appearance of hairy tongue was associated to prednisolone use. […] Education of patients who are at risk for developing BHT is the first-line treatment of BTH. […] In conclusion, BHT is a benign, self-limiting, and usually asymptomatic disorder.

• #69

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a rare condition that is conventionally managed by discontinuing associated medications or habits and practicing good oral hygiene, including tongue brushing. […] Using the four diagnostic methods of TCM, we observed that her tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating; her tongue was of medium size with tooth marks, and its body color was light red. […] On the basis of TCM theory, we made a clinical diagnosis of BHT and spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, which may have been caused by the antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. […] The literature does not contain a comprehensive report on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment outcomes for BHT. […] In tongue diagnosis in TCM, a light-red tongue body is considered to be normal. However, our patient’s tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating, indicating turbid dampness; her tongue was also of medium size with tooth marks, indicating spleen Qi deficiency.

• #70

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a rare condition that is conventionally managed by discontinuing associated medications or habits and practicing good oral hygiene, including tongue brushing. […] Using the four diagnostic methods of TCM, we observed that her tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating; her tongue was of medium size with tooth marks, and its body color was light red. […] On the basis of TCM theory, we made a clinical diagnosis of BHT and spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, which may have been caused by the antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. […] The literature does not contain a comprehensive report on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment outcomes for BHT. […] In tongue diagnosis in TCM, a light-red tongue body is considered to be normal. However, our patient’s tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating, indicating turbid dampness; her tongue was also of medium size with tooth marks, indicating spleen Qi deficiency.

• #71

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a rare condition that is conventionally managed by discontinuing associated medications or habits and practicing good oral hygiene, including tongue brushing. […] Using the four diagnostic methods of TCM, we observed that her tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating; her tongue was of medium size with tooth marks, and its body color was light red. […] On the basis of TCM theory, we made a clinical diagnosis of BHT and spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, which may have been caused by the antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. […] The literature does not contain a comprehensive report on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment outcomes for BHT. […] In tongue diagnosis in TCM, a light-red tongue body is considered to be normal. However, our patient’s tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating, indicating turbid dampness; her tongue was also of medium size with tooth marks, indicating spleen Qi deficiency.

• #72

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a rare condition that is conventionally managed by discontinuing associated medications or habits and practicing good oral hygiene, including tongue brushing. […] Using the four diagnostic methods of TCM, we observed that her tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating; her tongue was of medium size with tooth marks, and its body color was light red. […] On the basis of TCM theory, we made a clinical diagnosis of BHT and spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, which may have been caused by the antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. […] The literature does not contain a comprehensive report on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment outcomes for BHT. […] In tongue diagnosis in TCM, a light-red tongue body is considered to be normal. However, our patient’s tongue had a thick black coating surrounded by a thick white coating, indicating turbid dampness; her tongue was also of medium size with tooth marks, indicating spleen Qi deficiency.

• #73

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/10270/black_hairy_tongue_treated_with_traditional.139.aspx

  Accordingly, on the basis of TCM principles regarding tongue diagnosis, the patient was diagnosed as having spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness. […] A study reported that antibiotics such as cephalosporin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, penicillin, erythromycin, doxycycline, linezolid, and neomycin cause BHT. […] After diagnosing spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, we administered a concentrated CHM formula in granular form to the patient. […] We observed that after 1 week of CHM administration, the BHT area decreased. […] After 4 weeks of CHM administration, the BHT was completely resolved. […] The 4 diagnostic methods of TCM can enable practitioners to perform a comprehensive assessment of a patient’s health status. […] In TCM, oral hygiene and imbalanced body constitution are considered to be associated with BHT. […] We present a case of BHT—a benign condition—possibly induced by antibiotic use.

• #74 Black hairy tongue syndrome – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25152586/

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] BHT remains an important medical condition which may result in additional burden on the patient and health care system and requires appropriate prevention, recognition and treatment.

• #75

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Patients being placed on certain antibiotics or antipsychotics should be educated on the importance of good oral hygiene or cessation of habits that promote BHT. […] Similarly, those with medical conditions increasing the risk for the development of BHT should schedule routine visits with their dentist or dental hygienist. […] This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiology, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of BHT and lists all of the medications reported to cause this condition.

• #76 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #77 Black Hairy Tongue Causes And Treatment | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/threats-to-dental-health/black-hairy-tongue-causes-and-treatment

  Seeing a black hairy tongue in the mirror can be unsettling. You likely want to be sure it’s treatable and have the reassurance that your health is not at serious risk. Luckily, this condition is harmless and can be treated easily. Here’s how you can get your tongue back to normal and prevent the condition from developing again. […] Your doctor or dentist can diagnose hyperkeratosis on the tongue visually. They will review your medical history to rule out other possible causes, such as infections, oral lesions, and medications and foods that have stained the tongue. It is important to tell your medical or dental professional about all medications you are currently taking to determine if these medications may affect your tongue. You will likely not have any symptoms to report, as the condition is painless, but some people may experience gagging or bad breath.

• #78 Hairy Tongue Workup: Laboratory Studies, Procedures, Histologic Findings

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-workup

  Culture of the tongue’s dorsal surface may be taken if a superimposed oral candidiasis or other specific oral infection is suspected. […] Given that the finding of pigmentation in the oral cavity may represent systemic disease, normal physiologic pigmentation, medication-induced hyperpigmentation, or a localized neoplasm, a biopsy may be in order to facilitate diagnosis. […] A simple biopsy and histologic examination may be helpful in distinguishing between similar-appearing conditions. […] Histopathologic findings in hairy tongue consist of elongated filiform papillae, with mild hyperkeratosis and occasional inflammatory cells. Finding accumulated debris intermingled among the papillae and candidal pseudohyphae is not unusual. No other specific microscopic findings are associated with this entity.

• #79 Black Hairy Tongue: Predisposing Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/7qe6eOe7/

  Black Hairy Tongue: Predisposing Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment […] Black hairy tongue is a condition that can be diagnosed through clinical examination and patient history. […] The hairy tongue index was assessed by a visual method based on observing the dorsum tongue appearance. […] Our results strongly suggest that the hairy tongue might be considered an indicator of H. pylori infection.

• #80 Black hairy tongue associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

  http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-99572021000500112

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized by dark coloration and hypertrophy with hyperkeratosis in filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. […] Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition in which the center of the tongue changes its color, from black to yellow, and has a hairy appearance due to hypertrophy and elongation of the filiform papillae. […] An association between BHT and systemic diseases such as HIV and malignancies has been described. […] Clinical diagnosis is made by asking the patient in detail about the presence of the abovementioned predisposing factors. […] A biopsy is usually not necessary, except when the lesion becomes atypical, refractory to treatment or symptomatic, thus suggesting a potential malignancy or systemic disease. […] Dermoscopy is the diagnostic tool of choice; it allows the identification of shape and color changes of the filiform papillae; it is also useful in the evaluation of therapeutic success.

• #81 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #82 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14294685/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated

  Black hairy tongue should be differentiated from fake black tongue (pseudoblack hairy tongue), which can occur when the tongue becomes stained from coffee/tea, food coloring, or medications that contain bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) […] Studies have shown that black hairy tongue can occur in 1%11% of the population. It occurs in males at three times the rate of females due to higher smoking rates and poor oral hygiene in males. The rate of this condition also increases in those older than 60.5 […] Black hairy tongue generally resolves within days to weeks after implementation of oral care and removal of the etiologic factors (figure 3). Patients who do not respond to this treatment after a few weeks may need to undergo further treatment, such as laser application to the tongue surface.9

• #83 Treatment for Black Hairy Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/article/black-hairy-tongue/

  Black hairy tongue is a condition of the dorsal tongue, on which there is an overgrowth or elongation of the filiform papillae. […] The diagnosis of black hairy tongue is made through clinical and historic diagnosis. Microscopic evaluation is not necessary. A white heavily coated tongue is sometimes mistaken for a form of candidiasis. […] Black hairy tongue usually resolves rather quickly but can recur, depending on etiologic factors that can be removed or altered. Optimal oral hygiene in general can help to control the condition.

• #84 Hairy tongue: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320201

  Hairy tongue can take on a number of different colors, but some triggers will cause specific colors to develop. An example of this is black hairy tongue, which is associated with the consumption of tobacco, coffee, tea, or use of some mouthwashes. […] Medical treatment is often not necessary for hairy tongue, as it is typically a transient condition, which poses no serious health risk. […] If lifestyle changes have not been successful in treating the condition, a doctor or dentist may recommend further evaluation and a more focused treatment. For example, an antibiotic or antifungal medication may be prescribed to remove bacteria or yeast.

• #85 Hairy tongue: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320201

  Hairy tongue can take on a number of different colors, but some triggers will cause specific colors to develop. An example of this is black hairy tongue, which is associated with the consumption of tobacco, coffee, tea, or use of some mouthwashes. […] Medical treatment is often not necessary for hairy tongue, as it is typically a transient condition, which poses no serious health risk. […] If lifestyle changes have not been successful in treating the condition, a doctor or dentist may recommend further evaluation and a more focused treatment. For example, an antibiotic or antifungal medication may be prescribed to remove bacteria or yeast.

• #86 Black Tongue Treatment: 2 Effortless Ways To Prevent It

  https://worldofdentistry.org/black-tongue-treatment/

  It is recommended to visit the dentist if you have symptoms of pain, inflammation, or infection. […] If after several days, at least a week, following the recommendations at home, the black hairy tongue does not improve or return to normal, it is advisable to visit the dentist or a doctor to detect the cause of the condition. […] Depending upon the findings and the diagnosis, the specialist could indicate a treatment such as antibiotics to help eliminate persistent bacterial infections. […] If the black tongue is associated with the use of certain medications, the specialist could indicate the need for a change. […] Black tongue is a harmless condition. It is cosmetically uncomfortable, but it does not normally cause any oral or systemic problems.

• #87 Black Hairy Tongue Causes And Treatment | Colgate®

  https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/threats-to-dental-health/black-hairy-tongue-causes-and-treatment

  A black and hairy tongue isn’t ultimately harmful to your overall health. It’s generally easy to treat both the condition and any secondary cause. You should be able to clean the surface of your tongue using a soft toothbrush or a tongue scraper. In severe instances, your doctor or dentist may prescribe medications or recommend an antiseptic mouthrinse, notes the NIH. If this hasn’t worked to eliminate black hairy tongue, your dentist may consider using laser surgery or electrical current as the final treatment options.

• #88 Black Hairy Tongue

  https://www.fauquierent.net/blackhairytongue

  If there is a heavy growth of thrush present, a course of prescription mycelex troches can help knock this back down, but again, will not correct this problem which is due to an anatomic elongation of the filiform papillae. […] To reiterate, there is no „infection” present. The organisms are coincidental and not causal. […] If resolution is not forthcoming in spite of these interventions, a biopsy can be obtained to confirm nothing else is going on before proceeding to more invasive options including manually cutting the filiform papillae shorter with scissors, carbon dioxide laser, or electrodessication.

• #89

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-017-0268-y

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign condition commonly found among people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, are immunocompromised, or have a medical condition limiting their ability to practice good oral hygiene. […] Patients being placed on certain antibiotics or antipsychotics should be educated on the importance of good oral hygiene or cessation of habits that promote BHT. […] Similarly, those with medical conditions increasing the risk for the development of BHT should schedule routine visits with their dentist or dental hygienist. […] This review addresses the epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, etiology, histology, differential diagnosis, and treatment of BHT and lists all of the medications reported to cause this condition.

• #90 Prednisolone-Induced Hairy Tongue: A Case Report | Volume 34 – Issue 3 – September 2019 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://www.archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1026

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign disorder characterized with hypertrophy and elongation of papillae with hairy-like appearance on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] Diagnosis of BHT principally relies on visual inspection of the tongue and inspection of the elongated and discolored filiform papillae. […] There is no objective diagnostic criteria for BHT. […] Although tongue biopsy can be supportive for diagnosis, it is not required when the lesion is typical and responds to debridement. […] A detailed history is required in patients presenting with signs of BHT to identify the contributing factors and differential diagnosis. […] Because she had no predisposing factors while having hairy-like appearance after previous steroid use and a Naranjo ADR score of 8, the appearance of hairy tongue was associated to prednisolone use. […] Education of patients who are at risk for developing BHT is the first-line treatment of BTH. […] In conclusion, BHT is a benign, self-limiting, and usually asymptomatic disorder.

• #91 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] Visual inspection is often sufficient for diagnosis. Overall prognosis is excellent as the disease is largely self-limiting and rarely requires procedural intervention. […] The diagnosis of BHT primarily relies on a visual intraoral examination. BHT shows a predilection for the dorsal tongue, anterior to the circumvallate papillae and sulcus terminalis. Microscopic examination may be used as an adjunct to diagnosis; demonstrating elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal tongue more than 3 mm in length. […] Careful review of known precipitating factors and recent medication changes is also fundamental in the diagnosis of BHT.

• #92 Black hairy tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356080

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #93 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] A: In most instances, dentists or health care providers can make the diagnosis based on clinical appearance. Biopsy of hairy tongue is not necessary.

• #94 Black Hairy Tongue: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/how_do_you_get_rid_of_black_hairy_tongue/article_em.htm

  How Is Black Hairy Tongue Diagnosed? Most of the time, dentists or doctors can diagnose black hairy tongue by appearance alone and no additional testing is needed, however, tests may be done to determine the cause, such as: […] Swabs for bacterial culture […] Fungal scrapings […] Tongue biopsy.

• #95 Black hairy tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356080

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #96 Black hairy tongue // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Making a diagnosis also includes checking for other conditions that may cause a similar look to the tongue, such as: […] Normal differences in tongue color. […] Foods or medicines that have stained the tongue. […] Fungal or viral infections. […] Patches that occur on the tongue, such as oral hairy leukoplakia. […] Blackened tongue, called pseudo-black hairy tongue. This can happen if you use products containing bismuth, such as Pepto-Bismol.

• #97

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-017-4087-x

  A healthy 32-year-old woman presented with 2 weeks of black discoloration of the tongue. […] The findings were felt to be consistent with black hairy tongue (BHT) secondary to the use of oxidizing mouthwash. […] BHT is benign, asymptomatic, and temporary. […] Differential diagnosis includes pseudo-BHT secondary to chemicals or food coloring, pigmented fungiform papillae of the tongue, hairy leukoplakia, and congenital nevi. […] BHT is usually self-limited and carries a good prognosis.

• #98 Black Hairy Tongue Is a Real Medical Diagnosis | Teen Vogue

  https://www.teenvogue.com/story/black-hairy-tongue-is-a-real-medical-diagnosis

  Black hairy tongue is a real medical diagnosis. The condition, called black hairy tongue, doesn’t actually involve fur. It’s characterized by enlargement of the little bumps on the tongue called filiform papillae. Black hairy tongue can reportedly be caused by poor oral hygiene, tobacco, an irritating reaction to excessive mouthwash, coffee, or black tea, or as in this case the oral antibiotic minocycline. For those who do, the prognosis is „excellent.” Treating the condition is as easy as discontinuing the substance at fault, and it causes little harm other than bad breath and an alarming appearance. […] In this case, doctors switched the patient’s medication and advised her to practice good hygiene. They report that after four weeks, her tongue was back to normal.

• #99 Black hairy tongue syndrome – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25152586/

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Clinical diagnosis relies on visual observation, detailed history taking, and occasionally microscopic evaluation. […] BHT remains an important medical condition which may result in additional burden on the patient and health care system and requires appropriate prevention, recognition and treatment.

• #100 Levofloxacin-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) in a 30-year-old female COVID-19 infected patient – International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI)

  https://www.ijcasereportsandimages.com/archive/article-full-text/101264Z01TM2021

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a condition in which the filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue are elongated and hypertrophied. […] Clinical examination alone is sufficient for the diagnosis of BHT, while biopsy of the affected tissue is not required. […] This tongue disease is self-limiting, does not require antifungal therapy, and is resolved after discontinuation of the causative agent, while improving oral hygiene.

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