Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] In most instances good oral hygiene with a toothbrush or tongue scraper will result in elimination of the build up. Individuals with a persistent coating on the tongue should consult their dentist or other trained oral health professional. […] Hairy tongue that does not resolve with such simple measures may be treated with medical or surgical treatments by qualified individuals. […] Most individuals can prevent hairy tongue by practicing good oral hygiene. Brushing the top of the tongue with a tooth brush should be part of regular daily oral hygiene activities. […] If you continue to have a problem cleaning your tongue, consult your dentist or an individual with experience in this area. […] The key to successful long-term elimination is excellent oral hygiene. Patients who have had hairy tongue are at greater risk for recurrence.

• #2 Black Hairy Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/questions/black-hairy-tongue/

  Black hairy tongue is a condition of the dorsal tongue, on which there is an overgrowth or elongation of the filiform papillae. The results are a mat-like surface that entraps bacteria, fungi, and food debris. […] Black hairy tongue is usually asymptomatic, although the patient may complain of bad taste, oral malodor, or increased gag reflex. Concern regarding appearance is also common. […] The first step in the treatment process is to remove the possible etiologic factors that may contribute. […] If the patient smokes, this is the perfect opportunity to encourage him or her to begin a smoking cessation program. […] For the best at-home oral hygiene regimen, the patient should brush the tongue with a soft toothbrush without any toothpaste. […] Black hairy tongue usually resolves rather quickly but can recur, depending on etiologic factors that can be removed or altered. Optimal oral hygiene in general can help to control the condition.

• #3 Black hairy tongue – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/symptoms-causes/syc-20356077

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] See your healthcare professional or dentist if: […] Black hairy tongue usually happens when the many tiny, rounded bumps on the tongue, called papillae, grow too long because they don’t shed dead skin cells. […] Poor mouth and tongue cleaning, dry mouth, and eating only soft foods may raise your risk of black hairy tongue.

• #4 Black hairy tongue | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue usually doesn’t need medical treatment. Though it may not look good, it’s usually a short-term, harmless condition. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. Don’t stop any prescription medicine without talking to your healthcare professional first. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. […] Brush after eating. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and ideally after every meal. Use a fluoride toothpaste. […] Floss at least once a day. Proper flossing gets rid of food bits and plaque from between your teeth.

• #5 Black Hairy Tongue

  https://fpnotebook.com/ENT/Tongue/BlckHryTng.htm

  Prevalence: 0.5 to 11% […] More common in older patients […] More common in males (3 fold more common than in females) […] Improves with Tongue brushing with soft brush […] Use a standard ToothBrush or scrape the Tongue […] May apply a 1.5% Hydrogen Peroxide […] Avoid predisposing factors above (including drug-induced causes of Xerostomia) […] Increase Dietary Fiber […] Tobacco Cessation.

• #6 Black Hairy Tongue and Other Causes of Black Tongue

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/black-tongue-5190133

  Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a benign condition in which the small bumps on the surface of the tongue, called papillae, become elongated and take on a black or brownish color. The elongated papillae give BHT it characteristically hairy appearance. […] BHT is usually asymptomatic (without symptoms), although some people may experience additional signs and symptoms like bad breath (halitosis), burning mouth and tongue sensations (glossodynia), and a metallic or off-putting taste (dysgeusia). […] You can treat BHT by practicing good oral hygiene and modifying certain behaviors that contribute to the condition. […] Examples include brushing and flossing daily, scraping or brushing the tongue as part of your oral hygiene practices, switching to non-peroxide mouthwashes, quitting cigarettes, cutting back on coffee, switching from black tea to herbal or green tea, limiting your alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water daily, and using an over-the-counter (OTC) saliva substitute if you have dry mouth syndrome. […] Since antibiotics are rarely prescribed for long-term use, BHT will usually resolve once treatment is stopped. Even so, good oral hygiene can help speed the resolution of symptoms.

• #7 Hairy Tongue | Registered Dental Hygienists

  https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/radiology/article/16405105/hairy-tongue

  Your patient is Alex Zimmerman, and a friend recommended your practice to him. He has been scheduled for a screening appointment, a prophylaxis, and radiographs. […] As you evaluate the tongue, you notice the hairy appearance and the discoloration of the dorsal area of the tongue. […] The true etiology of hairy tongue is unknown. It is believed to be a reactive process and an alteration of microbial flora due to factors such as the use of antibiotics, smoking, alcohol use, the lowered immune response and general health of the person, radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, systemic corticosteroid therapy, and the use of certain products such as peroxide rinses. […] Individuals who have compromised immune systems or chronic health issues are especially vulnerable. […] The filiform papillae become elongated and discolored. This elongation gives the tongue the appearance of hair-like projections due to the hypertrophy of the papillae.

• #8 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue

  Common contributing factors for black hairy tongue include poor oral hygiene, regular use of oxidizing mouthwashes, dry mouth, antibiotic use, tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol, and eating mainly soft foods. […] In many cases, a black hairy tongue is benign and goes away on its own without treatment with good oral hygiene. However, treatment is necessary in some cases, and antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat this condition. […] A black hairy tongue (medical term: lingua villosa nigra) is a fairly common, temporary, painless, and harmless condition. […] Yes, practicing good oral hygiene and eliminating predisposing factors can get rid of black hairy tongue, a harmless condition that can be alarming. […] Some of the things you can do for a black hairy tongue include: Use a flexible tongue scraper or soft toothbrush to gently remove dead skin cells and food debris from the surface of the tongue. […] If your black hairy tongue does not go away with the home remedies outlined above, you should make an appointment to see your healthcare provider.

• #9 Hairy tongue

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8084553/

  A 55-year-old man developed a new, hair-like coating on his tongue after a month in the intensive care unit (ICU) with Guillain-Barr syndrome. […] The management of hairy tongue consists primarily of gentle debridement with a soft-bristled brush along with reassurance. […] We think our patient’s hairy tongue was caused by a prolonged period of limited oral intake, xerostomia related to the anticholinergic effects of quetiapine and a change in oral flora from various courses of antimicrobials. The patient’s tongue improved substantially after 2 months.

• #10 Black hairy tongue in a patient with chronic alcoholism (lingua villosa nigra)

  https://www.clinmedkaz.org/article/black-hairy-tongue-in-a-patient-with-chronic-alcoholism-lingua-villosa-nigra-8801

  Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) is a hereditary benign condition which is characterized by the appearance of abnormally hypertrophied and elongated pilliform papilla on dorsal surface of tongue. […] Known predisposing factors include smoking, consumption of excessive coffee / black tea, bad oral hygiene, trigeminal neuralgia, poverty, xerostomia, drugs and alcohol. […] As means of treatment, we made suggestions such as alcohol abstinence, mouthwash with antiseptic solution, frequent hygienic care, tooth brushing as his treatment.

• #11 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  The goal of therapy is the discontinuation of potential offending agents (including dietary or medicinal causes) and modifying predisposing factors (smoking, black tea consumption, neurological conditions, general debilitation), followed by maintaining good oral hygiene and gentle debridement with a soft toothbrush or tongue scraper to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae. […] Overall clinical prognosis of BHT is excellent.

• #12 Hairy Tongue | Registered Dental Hygienists

  https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/radiology/article/16405105/hairy-tongue

  The elongated filiform papillae often harbor candida and have a colored appearance of black, brown, or yellow stain. […] The patient may not complain of any pain or discomfort, but is usually concerned about the appearance of the tongue and the fear of malignancy. […] Counseling the patient on proper brushing of the tongue, using a tongue scraper, discarding old, contaminated toothbrushes, treating any dentures or appliances for candida, along with carefully evaluating the general health of the patient, is the usual protocol. […] Mouth rinses that contain alcohol promote xerostomia and should not be used. […] Sometimes the papillae can become so elongated that clipping with scissors may become necessary in order to allow antifungals or other medications to penetrate the thickness of the hairlike projections and speed the treatment that is necessary.

• #13 Tongue problems: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003047.htm

  Hairy tongue is a condition in which the tongue looks hairy or furry. It can sometimes be treated with antifungal medicine. […] Practicing good oral self-care can help hairy tongue and black tongue. Be sure to eat a well-balanced diet. […] Possible causes of a hairy tongue include: AIDS, antibiotic therapy, drinking coffee, dyes in drugs and food, chronic medical conditions, overuse of mouthwashes containing oxidizing or astringent ingredients, radiation of the head and neck, and tobacco use.

• #14 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  The striking colors seen in hairy tongue may be worrisome to patients; consequently, they benefit from reassurance that their condition is a benign one. Maintenance of good oral hygiene in addition to gentle mechanical debridement of the dark tongue surface matter optimally controls the condition. Reducing the lingual coating prevents bacterial colonization of the tongue. If hairy tongue is noted in a patient hospitalized for other reasons, the nursing staff should encourage the patient to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area. […] Patients who are on a continuous soft diet occasionally develop hairy tongue because the consistency of the diet does nothing to achieve mechanical debridement of the dorsal surface of the tongue during eating and swallowing. If adding more roughage to the patient’s diet is not feasible, the patient should be encouraged to cleanse the dorsal surface of the tongue daily by means of brushing or scraping.

• #15 Tongue problems: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003047.htm

  Hairy tongue is a condition in which the tongue looks hairy or furry. It can sometimes be treated with antifungal medicine. […] Practicing good oral self-care can help hairy tongue and black tongue. Be sure to eat a well-balanced diet. […] Possible causes of a hairy tongue include: AIDS, antibiotic therapy, drinking coffee, dyes in drugs and food, chronic medical conditions, overuse of mouthwashes containing oxidizing or astringent ingredients, radiation of the head and neck, and tobacco use.

• #16 Black Hairy Tongue: A Rare Adverse Effect of Olanzapine

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/black-hairy-tongue-rare-adverse-effect-olanzapine/

  Black hairy tongue is a condition triggered by various factors such as smoking, excessive coffee consumption, poor oral hygiene, trigeminal neuralgia, general debilitation, dry mouth, and certain drugs such as psychotropics (paroxetine, thiothixene hydrochloride, benztropine mesylate, clonazepam, and chlorpromazine), antibiotics, antihypertensives, and oxygenating oral mouth rinses. […] Management involves mechanical debridement, maintaining proper oral hygiene, and removing potential causative agents. […] The exact mechanism behind olanzapine induced black hairy tongue is unknown. It has been suggested that the anticholinergic properties of olanzapine may play a role in its development.

• #17 Pantoprazole Induced Black Hairy Tongue: A Case Report

  https://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/pantoprazole-induced-black-hairy-tongue-a-case-report-100944.html

  Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) is characterized by abnormally hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae, resulting in a blackish discoloration on the dorsal surface of the tongue. […] There was a suspicion that BHT might be an adverse drug reaction specifically to Pantoprazole. […] The patient received guidance to scrape her tongue thrice daily, maintain proper hydration, and adhere to good oral hygiene practices. […] Physicians need to be vigilant about the potential occurrence of Black Hairy Tongue (BHT) in patients using Pantoprazole, and they should recognize that discontinuing the medication, coupled with mechanical debridement and maintaining proper oral hygiene, leads to complete resolution of the condition. […] BHT can be successfully managed by stopping the offending agent, mechanical debridement like tongue scraping, maintaining good oral hygiene and adequate hydration. […] Pantoprazole induced BHT is a benign condition and can be successfully managed by stopping the medication, good oral hygiene and hydration.

• #18 Hairy Tongue | Registered Dental Hygienists

  https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/radiology/article/16405105/hairy-tongue

  Your patient is Alex Zimmerman, and a friend recommended your practice to him. He has been scheduled for a screening appointment, a prophylaxis, and radiographs. […] As you evaluate the tongue, you notice the hairy appearance and the discoloration of the dorsal area of the tongue. […] The true etiology of hairy tongue is unknown. It is believed to be a reactive process and an alteration of microbial flora due to factors such as the use of antibiotics, smoking, alcohol use, the lowered immune response and general health of the person, radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, systemic corticosteroid therapy, and the use of certain products such as peroxide rinses. […] Individuals who have compromised immune systems or chronic health issues are especially vulnerable. […] The filiform papillae become elongated and discolored. This elongation gives the tongue the appearance of hair-like projections due to the hypertrophy of the papillae.

• #19 Black Hairy Tongue and Other Causes of Black Tongue

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/black-tongue-5190133

  Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a benign condition in which the small bumps on the surface of the tongue, called papillae, become elongated and take on a black or brownish color. The elongated papillae give BHT it characteristically hairy appearance. […] BHT is usually asymptomatic (without symptoms), although some people may experience additional signs and symptoms like bad breath (halitosis), burning mouth and tongue sensations (glossodynia), and a metallic or off-putting taste (dysgeusia). […] You can treat BHT by practicing good oral hygiene and modifying certain behaviors that contribute to the condition. […] Examples include brushing and flossing daily, scraping or brushing the tongue as part of your oral hygiene practices, switching to non-peroxide mouthwashes, quitting cigarettes, cutting back on coffee, switching from black tea to herbal or green tea, limiting your alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water daily, and using an over-the-counter (OTC) saliva substitute if you have dry mouth syndrome. […] Since antibiotics are rarely prescribed for long-term use, BHT will usually resolve once treatment is stopped. Even so, good oral hygiene can help speed the resolution of symptoms.

• #20

  https://www.fairywill.com/blogs/news/black-hairy-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-treatments

  Black hairy tongue is a temporary, often harmless oral condition that gives the tongue a dark, furry appearance. […] Symptoms include discoloration of the tongue, a furry or hairy appearance of the tongue, bad breath, and a metallic taste in the mouth. […] Black hairy tongue typically doesn’t require medical treatment. Though unattractive, it’s a temporary, harmless condition. Practicing good oral hygiene with Fairywill products and eliminating factors that may contribute to the condition such as avoiding tobacco use or irritating mouthwashes help resolve black hairy tongue. […] In most of the cases the elongated filiform papillae can be removed by properly brushing the tongue with a toothbrush or scraping the tongue with a tongue scraper. […] If you practice good oral hygiene and avoid factors such as smoking/ tobacco usage, etc. This will prevent the occurrence of black hairy tongue. […] Good dental care fights bacteria and infections that induce black hairy tongue.

• #21 Black hairy tongue cured concurrently with respiratory infection | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/6/434

  A 54-year-old female smoker was admitted to the hospital for fever and respiratory infection. […] Physical examination showed brownish papillary lesions spread across the dorsum of the tongue; the lesions were a darker shade proximally, leading to the diagnosis of black hairy tongue. Hygienic measures were recommended, with other treatment options to be considered later, if necessary. […] One week after her admission, the lesions had disappeared. […] Black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra) is a rare but benign condition caused by defective desquamation and reactive hypertrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue. […] The optimal treatment is unclear, but the condition can improve with hygienic measures alone, topical or oral retinoids, topical triamcinolone acetonide, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, or antifungals.

• #22 Black hairy tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356080

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Black hairy tongue usually doesn’t need medical treatment. Though it may not look good, it’s usually a short-term, harmless condition. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. […] Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit.

• #23 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14294685/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated

  Black hairy tongue should be differentiated from fake black tongue (pseudoblack hairy tongue), which can occur when the tongue becomes stained from coffee/tea, food coloring, or medications that contain bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) […] Treatment consists of mechanical debridement with a tongue scraper and a toothbrush, as well as removing the causative factors if possible. […] As an adjunct to conventional debridement and to facilitate removal of the black color from the tongue, this author advocates the application of StellaLife Vega Oral Care Gel to the tongue prior to tongue scraping (three times a day) and StellaLife Vega Oral Rinse (three times a day). […] Black hairy tongue generally resolves within days to weeks after implementation of oral care and removal of the etiologic factors. […] Patients who do not respond to this treatment after a few weeks may need to undergo further treatment, such as laser application to the tongue surface.

• #24 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  Consultation with or referral to a general dentist may be indicated if the etiology of a patient’s hairy tongue appears to be primarily one of poor oral hygiene; other consultations may be needed if one or more prescribed medications must be changed or curtailed. […] If hairy tongue is noted in a patient as part of a routine outpatient examination, the patient should be encouraged to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area. In addition, the patient should be encouraged to consult a dentist.

• #25 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Treatment involves identification and discontinuation of the offending agent, modifications of chronic predisposing factors, patients re-assurance to the benign nature of the condition, and maintenance of adequate oral hygiene with gentle debridement to promote desquamation. […] BHT is generally a self-limiting disease and carries a good prognosis. General preventative strategies should be employed and the patient should be educated of this condition as a potential side effect of antibiotic and antipsychotic medications. […] Proper patient reassurance to the benign nature of BHT is important, both to decrease the level of aesthetic anxiety and to promote appropriate treatment.

• #26 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14294685/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated

  Black hairy tongue should be differentiated from fake black tongue (pseudoblack hairy tongue), which can occur when the tongue becomes stained from coffee/tea, food coloring, or medications that contain bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) […] Treatment consists of mechanical debridement with a tongue scraper and a toothbrush, as well as removing the causative factors if possible. […] As an adjunct to conventional debridement and to facilitate removal of the black color from the tongue, this author advocates the application of StellaLife Vega Oral Care Gel to the tongue prior to tongue scraping (three times a day) and StellaLife Vega Oral Rinse (three times a day). […] Black hairy tongue generally resolves within days to weeks after implementation of oral care and removal of the etiologic factors. […] Patients who do not respond to this treatment after a few weeks may need to undergo further treatment, such as laser application to the tongue surface.

• #27 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  The striking colors seen in hairy tongue may be worrisome to patients; consequently, they benefit from reassurance that their condition is a benign one. Maintenance of good oral hygiene in addition to gentle mechanical debridement of the dark tongue surface matter optimally controls the condition. Reducing the lingual coating prevents bacterial colonization of the tongue. If hairy tongue is noted in a patient hospitalized for other reasons, the nursing staff should encourage the patient to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area. […] Patients who are on a continuous soft diet occasionally develop hairy tongue because the consistency of the diet does nothing to achieve mechanical debridement of the dorsal surface of the tongue during eating and swallowing. If adding more roughage to the patient’s diet is not feasible, the patient should be encouraged to cleanse the dorsal surface of the tongue daily by means of brushing or scraping.

• #28 Black hairy tongue | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue usually doesn’t need medical treatment. Though it may not look good, it’s usually a short-term, harmless condition. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. Don’t stop any prescription medicine without talking to your healthcare professional first. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. […] Brush after eating. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and ideally after every meal. Use a fluoride toothpaste. […] Floss at least once a day. Proper flossing gets rid of food bits and plaque from between your teeth.

• #29 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  Consultation with or referral to a general dentist may be indicated if the etiology of a patient’s hairy tongue appears to be primarily one of poor oral hygiene; other consultations may be needed if one or more prescribed medications must be changed or curtailed. […] If hairy tongue is noted in a patient as part of a routine outpatient examination, the patient should be encouraged to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area. In addition, the patient should be encouraged to consult a dentist.

• #30 Black Hairy Tongue – Dimensions of Dental Hygiene

  https://dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/questions/black-hairy-tongue/

  Black hairy tongue is a condition of the dorsal tongue, on which there is an overgrowth or elongation of the filiform papillae. The results are a mat-like surface that entraps bacteria, fungi, and food debris. […] Black hairy tongue is usually asymptomatic, although the patient may complain of bad taste, oral malodor, or increased gag reflex. Concern regarding appearance is also common. […] The first step in the treatment process is to remove the possible etiologic factors that may contribute. […] If the patient smokes, this is the perfect opportunity to encourage him or her to begin a smoking cessation program. […] For the best at-home oral hygiene regimen, the patient should brush the tongue with a soft toothbrush without any toothpaste. […] Black hairy tongue usually resolves rather quickly but can recur, depending on etiologic factors that can be removed or altered. Optimal oral hygiene in general can help to control the condition.

• #31 Black hairy tongue | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. Don’t stop any prescription medicine without talking to your healthcare professional first. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. Brush after eating. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and ideally after every meal. Use a fluoride toothpaste. Floss at least once a day. Proper flossing gets rid of food bits and plaque from between your teeth. Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit. Eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of water and eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #32 Black Hairy Tongue and Other Causes of Black Tongue

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/black-tongue-5190133

  Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a benign condition in which the small bumps on the surface of the tongue, called papillae, become elongated and take on a black or brownish color. The elongated papillae give BHT it characteristically hairy appearance. […] BHT is usually asymptomatic (without symptoms), although some people may experience additional signs and symptoms like bad breath (halitosis), burning mouth and tongue sensations (glossodynia), and a metallic or off-putting taste (dysgeusia). […] You can treat BHT by practicing good oral hygiene and modifying certain behaviors that contribute to the condition. […] Examples include brushing and flossing daily, scraping or brushing the tongue as part of your oral hygiene practices, switching to non-peroxide mouthwashes, quitting cigarettes, cutting back on coffee, switching from black tea to herbal or green tea, limiting your alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water daily, and using an over-the-counter (OTC) saliva substitute if you have dry mouth syndrome. […] Since antibiotics are rarely prescribed for long-term use, BHT will usually resolve once treatment is stopped. Even so, good oral hygiene can help speed the resolution of symptoms.

• #33 Black Tongue Treatment: 2 Effortless Ways To Prevent It

  https://worldofdentistry.org/black-tongue-treatment/

  Black tongue, also known as the black hairy tongue, is a benign oral condition, both temporary and harmless. Thus, making black tongue treatment unnecessary, unless it causes pain or has other complications. […] It is characterized by an accumulation of dead cells at the level of the taste buds, specifically, filiform papillae. […] Preventing hairy tongue is possible if the following recommendations are followed: […] Brush your teeth at least 2 times a day and use dental floss. Additionally, clean the tongue by scraping it with a soft bristle brush or a tongue cleaner. […] Having a dry mouth can cause a black tongue, so it is recommended to drink plenty of water and chew gum containing xylitol to increase saliva flow. […] A black tongue does not have a specific medical or dental treatment; therefore, the recommendations to prevent it can be considered as a home treatment if it has already occurred.

• #34 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  The striking colors seen in hairy tongue may be worrisome to patients; consequently, they benefit from reassurance that their condition is a benign one. Maintenance of good oral hygiene in addition to gentle mechanical debridement of the dark tongue surface matter optimally controls the condition. Reducing the lingual coating prevents bacterial colonization of the tongue. If hairy tongue is noted in a patient hospitalized for other reasons, the nursing staff should encourage the patient to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area. […] Patients who are on a continuous soft diet occasionally develop hairy tongue because the consistency of the diet does nothing to achieve mechanical debridement of the dorsal surface of the tongue during eating and swallowing. If adding more roughage to the patient’s diet is not feasible, the patient should be encouraged to cleanse the dorsal surface of the tongue daily by means of brushing or scraping.

• #35 Black hairy tongue | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit. […] Eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of water and eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #36 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14294685/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated

  Black hairy tongue should be differentiated from fake black tongue (pseudoblack hairy tongue), which can occur when the tongue becomes stained from coffee/tea, food coloring, or medications that contain bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) […] Treatment consists of mechanical debridement with a tongue scraper and a toothbrush, as well as removing the causative factors if possible. […] As an adjunct to conventional debridement and to facilitate removal of the black color from the tongue, this author advocates the application of StellaLife Vega Oral Care Gel to the tongue prior to tongue scraping (three times a day) and StellaLife Vega Oral Rinse (three times a day). […] Black hairy tongue generally resolves within days to weeks after implementation of oral care and removal of the etiologic factors. […] Patients who do not respond to this treatment after a few weeks may need to undergo further treatment, such as laser application to the tongue surface.

• #37 Black hairy tongue cured concurrently with respiratory infection | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/6/434

  A 54-year-old female smoker was admitted to the hospital for fever and respiratory infection. […] Physical examination showed brownish papillary lesions spread across the dorsum of the tongue; the lesions were a darker shade proximally, leading to the diagnosis of black hairy tongue. Hygienic measures were recommended, with other treatment options to be considered later, if necessary. […] One week after her admission, the lesions had disappeared. […] Black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra) is a rare but benign condition caused by defective desquamation and reactive hypertrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue. […] The optimal treatment is unclear, but the condition can improve with hygienic measures alone, topical or oral retinoids, topical triamcinolone acetonide, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, or antifungals.

• #38 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes and Treatments For a Black or Coated Tongue

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/black-hairy-tongue

  Practicing good oral hygiene is the best way to treat black hairy tongue. Gently brush your teeth twice a day with a soft toothbrush. Also, brush your tongue. You can use a tongue scraper to make sure you’re thoroughly cleaning the area. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help keep your mouth clean. […] Call your doctor or dentist if the problem doesn’t get better on its own. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or an antifungal drug to get rid of the bacteria or yeast. Topical medications, such as tretinoin (Retin-A), are also sometimes prescribed. As a last resort, if the problem doesn’t improve, the papillae can be surgically clipped off with a laser or electrosurgery.

• #39 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue

  Common contributing factors for black hairy tongue include poor oral hygiene, regular use of oxidizing mouthwashes, dry mouth, antibiotic use, tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol, and eating mainly soft foods. […] In many cases, a black hairy tongue is benign and goes away on its own without treatment with good oral hygiene. However, treatment is necessary in some cases, and antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat this condition. […] A black hairy tongue (medical term: lingua villosa nigra) is a fairly common, temporary, painless, and harmless condition. […] Yes, practicing good oral hygiene and eliminating predisposing factors can get rid of black hairy tongue, a harmless condition that can be alarming. […] Some of the things you can do for a black hairy tongue include: Use a flexible tongue scraper or soft toothbrush to gently remove dead skin cells and food debris from the surface of the tongue. […] If your black hairy tongue does not go away with the home remedies outlined above, you should make an appointment to see your healthcare provider.

• #40 Hairy tongue

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue is usually self-limiting. If desired, treatment options include: […] Encouraging good oral hygiene. […] Gentle tongue debridement, with a tongue scraper or soft toothbrush and solution containing 3% hydrogen peroxide or baking soda. […] Antiseptic mouthwash. […] Topical antifungal agent for oral Candida albicans if present. […] Topical retinoid.

• #41 Black tongue: Causes, treatments, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327163

  Black tongue is a harmless and temporary oral condition. It usually occurs due to a buildup of the protein keratin on the tongues surface. […] Black hairy tongue refers to a buildup of the protein keratin that can cause the tongue to look black and discolored. […] Maintaining good oral hygiene can help clear black tongue. People can try regularly brushing the tongue with a fluoride toothpaste, using a tongue scraper to remove plaque, bacteria, and other debris from the tongue, and rinsing the mouth with warm salt water to improve cleanliness and reduce bad tastes and odors. […] If black tongue does not clear on its own within a few days, a person should seek medical treatment. […] A doctor or dentist may recommend antibiotics to help treat bacterial infections of the tongue, switching medications if black tongue develops as a result of antibiotic use, and antifungal treatment for fungal causes of a black tongue. […] A person should see a doctor or dentist if their symptoms persist or worsen, or if they are accompanied by pain and swelling. The doctor or dentist will work to diagnose the cause of black tongue and will provide appropriate medical treatments.

• #42 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] In most instances good oral hygiene with a toothbrush or tongue scraper will result in elimination of the build up. Individuals with a persistent coating on the tongue should consult their dentist or other trained oral health professional. […] Hairy tongue that does not resolve with such simple measures may be treated with medical or surgical treatments by qualified individuals. […] Most individuals can prevent hairy tongue by practicing good oral hygiene. Brushing the top of the tongue with a tooth brush should be part of regular daily oral hygiene activities. […] If you continue to have a problem cleaning your tongue, consult your dentist or an individual with experience in this area. […] The key to successful long-term elimination is excellent oral hygiene. Patients who have had hairy tongue are at greater risk for recurrence.

• #43 Black hairy tongue cured concurrently with respiratory infection | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/6/434

  A 54-year-old female smoker was admitted to the hospital for fever and respiratory infection. […] Physical examination showed brownish papillary lesions spread across the dorsum of the tongue; the lesions were a darker shade proximally, leading to the diagnosis of black hairy tongue. Hygienic measures were recommended, with other treatment options to be considered later, if necessary. […] One week after her admission, the lesions had disappeared. […] Black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra) is a rare but benign condition caused by defective desquamation and reactive hypertrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue. […] The optimal treatment is unclear, but the condition can improve with hygienic measures alone, topical or oral retinoids, topical triamcinolone acetonide, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, or antifungals.

• #44 What is Black Hairy Tongue? – Dr. Şermin Filiz Acıpayam

  https://drserminfiliz.com/en/what-is-black-hairy-tongue/

  Black hairy tongue is a condition in which dark discoloration and thickening occur in the middle back of the tongue, usually seen in people who smoke, have poor oral hygiene, have a suppressed immune system, or have a medical condition that limits oral hygiene. […] The first step in treatment is to identify the factors that cause black hairy tongue formation control and good oral hygiene. […] To do this, use a tooth or tongue brush daily. Removal of dead tissues can be facilitated by brushing. Tongue can be cleaned with carbonated water. Smoking should be stopped. If oxidating mouthwashes are used frequently, they should be discontinued. […] In cases that persist despite these, topical or systemic retinoids under the control of a physician. Urea solutions, trichloric acid or salicylic acid solutions can be used for therapeutic purposes. […] In resistant cases, carbon dioxide laser or electrocauterisation are among the alternative treatment methods that can be applied.

• #45 Hairy Tongue Condition, Treatments and Pictures for Adults – Skinsight

  https://skinsight.com/skin-conditions/hairy-tongue/

  Hairy tongue can occur in anyone, but it is most common in people who are dehydrated, ill, or who are not eating a normal diet. […] Gently brush the tongue with a toothbrush twice daily or use a tongue scraper. Then rinse the mouth with a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide (1 part peroxide to 5 parts water) or mouthwash. Rinse the mouth with plain water. […] Maintain good oral hygiene with regular tooth brushing. […] If self-care measures are unsuccessful, seek medical advice.

• #46 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue treatment usually involves improving your oral hygiene at home. […] If you have black hairy tongue, the first thing you should do is take steps to improve your oral hygiene. After brushing and flossing your teeth, be sure to clean your tongue thoroughly with a toothbrush or tongue scraper. […] If black hairy tongue still persists after an improvement in oral hygiene, it can be treated with antibiotics, antifungal medications, mouthwash or retinoids (drugs related to vitamin A). […] Traditional or laser surgery is an option when nothing else has solved the problem. […] Once you figure out what caused black hairy tongue, you can take steps to treat it and reduce the risk of it happening again. Often, this just involves making minor lifestyle changes, such as cleaning your tongue daily.

• #47 Hairy Tongue: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-overview

  Hairy tongue (lingua villosa) is a commonly observed condition of defective desquamation of the filiform papillae that results from a variety of precipitating factors. […] Maintenance of good oral hygiene in addition to gentle mechanical debridement of the dark tongue surface matter optimally controls the condition. In most cases, simply brushing the tongue with a toothbrush or using a commercially available tongue scraper is sufficient to remove elongated filiform papillae and retard the growth of additional ones. […] Surgical removal of the papillae is the treatment of last resort if less complicated therapies are ineffective. […] Education regarding proper oral hygiene procedures is more easily provided to the patient as part of a routine dental appointment; however, encouragement in this regard is appropriate from any healthcare provider.

• #48 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue treatment usually involves improving your oral hygiene at home. […] If you have black hairy tongue, the first thing you should do is take steps to improve your oral hygiene. After brushing and flossing your teeth, be sure to clean your tongue thoroughly with a toothbrush or tongue scraper. […] If black hairy tongue still persists after an improvement in oral hygiene, it can be treated with antibiotics, antifungal medications, mouthwash or retinoids (drugs related to vitamin A). […] Traditional or laser surgery is an option when nothing else has solved the problem. […] Once you figure out what caused black hairy tongue, you can take steps to treat it and reduce the risk of it happening again. Often, this just involves making minor lifestyle changes, such as cleaning your tongue daily.

• #49 Low Energy Laser Ablation Therapy for Hairy Tongue – Decisions in Dentistry

  https://decisionsindentistry.com/article/low-energy-laser-ablation-therapy-hairy-tongue/

  Essentially, LEA is somewhere between ablation and photobiomodulation, and this novel approach was ultimately deemed to have successfully alleviated the symptoms associated with the patients HFLP. […] Following chlorhexidine therapy, a palliative treatment option with a 9300 nm CO2 laser LEA approach was offered. […] The first LEA treatment addressed the right side tongue on February 22, 2022, where symptoms were most problematic. […] The 9300 nm CO2 laser with LEA and epithelial stimulation successfully removed the hyperkeratotic papillae and alleviated the patients symptoms immediately after treatment. […] This case report described a novel palliative treatment for a painful, persistent and refractory HFLP with the use of a 9300 nm CO2 laser with LEA. […] The patient reported immediate and long-term improvement of oral symptoms with this laser application.

• #50 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes and Treatments For a Black or Coated Tongue

  https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/black-hairy-tongue

  Practicing good oral hygiene is the best way to treat black hairy tongue. Gently brush your teeth twice a day with a soft toothbrush. Also, brush your tongue. You can use a tongue scraper to make sure you’re thoroughly cleaning the area. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help keep your mouth clean. […] Call your doctor or dentist if the problem doesn’t get better on its own. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics or an antifungal drug to get rid of the bacteria or yeast. Topical medications, such as tretinoin (Retin-A), are also sometimes prescribed. As a last resort, if the problem doesn’t improve, the papillae can be surgically clipped off with a laser or electrosurgery.

• #51 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] In most instances good oral hygiene with a toothbrush or tongue scraper will result in elimination of the build up. Individuals with a persistent coating on the tongue should consult their dentist or other trained oral health professional. […] Hairy tongue that does not resolve with such simple measures may be treated with medical or surgical treatments by qualified individuals. […] Most individuals can prevent hairy tongue by practicing good oral hygiene. Brushing the top of the tongue with a tooth brush should be part of regular daily oral hygiene activities. […] If you continue to have a problem cleaning your tongue, consult your dentist or an individual with experience in this area. […] The key to successful long-term elimination is excellent oral hygiene. Patients who have had hairy tongue are at greater risk for recurrence.

• #52 Black hairy tongue treated with traditional Chinese medicine: A case report

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10615480/

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a rare condition that is conventionally managed by discontinuing associated medications or habits and practicing good oral hygiene, including tongue brushing. […] We present a case of BHT diagnosed and treated within 2 weeks by using TCM methods. […] On the basis of TCM theory, we made a clinical diagnosis of BHT and spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, which may have been caused by the antibiotic treatment during hospitalization. […] After 2 weeks of CHM treatment, the patients BHT was nearly eliminated, and the thick white coating and the corresponding symptoms were ameliorated. […] We present a case of BHT, a benign condition that may be caused by antibiotics. […] The literature does not contain reports on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment strategies for BHT.

• #53 Black hairy tongue treated with traditional Chinese medicine: A case report

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10615480/

  Moreover, CHM treatment rapidly relieved BHT and related symptoms without adverse events. […] In TCM, the four diagnostic methods comprising inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse-taking and palpation are typically used for holistic patient assessment. […] The tongue coating is also related to intestinal microbiota and multiple systemic diseases. […] The literature does not contain a comprehensive report on TCM-based diagnosis and treatment outcomes for BHT. […] Accordingly, to fill this gap, this paper presents a case of BHT with gastrointestinal symptoms treated with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). […] We speculated that the antibiotics used during her previous treatment most likely caused her BHT. […] Accordingly, on the basis of TCM principles regarding tongue diagnosis, the patient was diagnosed as having spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness.

• #54 Black hairy tongue cured concurrently with respiratory infection | Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

  https://www.ccjm.org/content/84/6/434

  A 54-year-old female smoker was admitted to the hospital for fever and respiratory infection. […] Physical examination showed brownish papillary lesions spread across the dorsum of the tongue; the lesions were a darker shade proximally, leading to the diagnosis of black hairy tongue. Hygienic measures were recommended, with other treatment options to be considered later, if necessary. […] One week after her admission, the lesions had disappeared. […] Black hairy tongue (lingua villosa nigra) is a rare but benign condition caused by defective desquamation and reactive hypertrophy of the filiform papillae of the tongue. […] The optimal treatment is unclear, but the condition can improve with hygienic measures alone, topical or oral retinoids, topical triamcinolone acetonide, salicylic acid, vitamin B complex, or antifungals.

• #55 Black hairy tongue treated with traditional Chinese medicine: A case report

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10615480/

  After diagnosing spleen Qi deficiency with turbid dampness, we administered a concentrated CHM formula in granular form to the patient. […] We observed that after 1 week of CHM administration, the BHT area decreased. […] After 4 weeks of CHM administration, the BHT was completely resolved. […] The patient did not experience adverse events during the CHM treatment process and was satisfied with the treatment outcomes; she also demonstrated favorable adherence to the treatment. […] In TCM, oral hygiene and imbalanced body constitution are considered to be associated with BHT. […] CHM treatment can effectively resolve BHT and its associated symptoms with few adverse events. […] We present a case of BHT a benign condition possibly induced by antibiotic use. […] CHM treatment rapidly relieved our patients BHT and associated symptoms without adverse events.

• #56 Black Hairy Tongue Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments – Oral-B

  https://oralb.com/en-us/oral-health/conditions/bad-breath/black-hairy-tongue-causes-symptoms-treatments/

  A good oral hygiene routine can help limit the chances of developing black hairy tongue symptoms. A lower sugar intake and regular visits to your dental professional can also help in preventing black hairy tongue. […] A good oral hygiene routine can help limit the chances of developing black hairy tongue symptoms. A lower sugar intake and regular visits to your dental professional can also help in preventing black hairy tongue. […] Black hairy tongue usually does not require any special medication. Fortunately, a black hairy tongue will usually resolve if you take these simple steps: […] Gently brush your tongue with a toothbrush twice a day as part of your daily dental care routine. Once the problem is resolved, it is still a good idea to brush your tongueyou can help prevent the black tongue from coming back. […] Black hairy tongue can be easily resolved with good oral hygiene, a well-balanced diet, and new lifestyle habits. However, if the discoloration of your tongue persists, see your dental professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

• #57 Black hairy tongue | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. Don’t stop any prescription medicine without talking to your healthcare professional first. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. Brush after eating. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and ideally after every meal. Use a fluoride toothpaste. Floss at least once a day. Proper flossing gets rid of food bits and plaque from between your teeth. Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit. Eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of water and eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #58 Black Hairy Tongue Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | Oral B

  https://www.oralb.ca/en-ca/oral-health/conditions/bad-breath/black-hairy-tongue-causes-symptoms-treatments

  A black hairy tongue is a temporary and harmless condition that is often caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in your mouth. Certain types of bacteria accumulate on the papillae (the small projections that cover the tongue) and create red blood cell pigments, which can make the tongue look black. And if the normal shedding of the outer layer of cells on the tongue is inhibited, the papillae are larger and the tongue can appear „hairy.” […] Fortunately, a black hairy tongue will usually resolve if you take these simple steps: […] Gently brush your tongue with a toothbrush twice a day as part of your daily dental care routine. Once the problem is resolved, it is still a good idea to brush your tongue—you can help prevent the black tongue from coming back. […] If the discoloration persists, see your dental professional.

• #59 Black hairy tongue | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. Don’t stop any prescription medicine without talking to your healthcare professional first. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. Brush after eating. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and ideally after every meal. Use a fluoride toothpaste. Floss at least once a day. Proper flossing gets rid of food bits and plaque from between your teeth. Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit. Eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of water and eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #60 Hairy Tongue | Registered Dental Hygienists

  https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/radiology/article/16405105/hairy-tongue

  The elongated filiform papillae often harbor candida and have a colored appearance of black, brown, or yellow stain. […] The patient may not complain of any pain or discomfort, but is usually concerned about the appearance of the tongue and the fear of malignancy. […] Counseling the patient on proper brushing of the tongue, using a tongue scraper, discarding old, contaminated toothbrushes, treating any dentures or appliances for candida, along with carefully evaluating the general health of the patient, is the usual protocol. […] Mouth rinses that contain alcohol promote xerostomia and should not be used. […] Sometimes the papillae can become so elongated that clipping with scissors may become necessary in order to allow antifungals or other medications to penetrate the thickness of the hairlike projections and speed the treatment that is necessary.

• #61 Hairy Tongue | Registered Dental Hygienists

  https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/radiology/article/16405105/hairy-tongue

  The elongated filiform papillae often harbor candida and have a colored appearance of black, brown, or yellow stain. […] The patient may not complain of any pain or discomfort, but is usually concerned about the appearance of the tongue and the fear of malignancy. […] Counseling the patient on proper brushing of the tongue, using a tongue scraper, discarding old, contaminated toothbrushes, treating any dentures or appliances for candida, along with carefully evaluating the general health of the patient, is the usual protocol. […] Mouth rinses that contain alcohol promote xerostomia and should not be used. […] Sometimes the papillae can become so elongated that clipping with scissors may become necessary in order to allow antifungals or other medications to penetrate the thickness of the hairlike projections and speed the treatment that is necessary.

• #62 Black furry tongue – possible remedy – Oral Cancer Support – Survivor / Patient Forum

  https://oralcancersupport.org/forums/ubbthreads.php/topics/128296/re-black-furry-tongue-possible-remedy

  Hello everybody, Not long after my radiation/chemo, which ended almost nine months ago (I’ve not had any surgery in my mouth) I developed what is aptly described as „black furry tongue”. I just saw my oncologist and he said this is a fungal infection caused by lack of saliva and particularly an enzyme in the saliva. He proposed a possible remedy. He said you can use fresh pineapple or very sour apples as well, but he suggested making pineapple juice ice cubes and once a day placing one on the tongue and let it melt. He said this may be pretty challenging, due to the cold and acid. He said that if you do this every day for 4 to 6 weeks you should see a resolution. Also brushing gently with a soft tooth brush regularly, sweeping forward, should help keep the problem at bay. […] I think they called it „hairy tongue”. Like „Thrush” it can be due to antibotics, reduced saliva, yeast infection…. It is benign, but as best I recall, when I had it the „Thrush” med (Nystatin) took care of it. […] I did and still do brush my tongue and it helps keep it clean.

• #63 Understanding Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://dentistpeshawar.pk/oral-surgery-tongue-palate-cheeks/understanding-black-hairy-tongue-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Black hairy tongue is a temporary, usually benign condition in which the tiny bumps on the surface of your tongue, called papillae, become elongated and discolored. […] The most effective way to treat black hairy tongue is by gently brushing your tongue twice a day with a toothbrush or using a tongue scraper. […] Good oral hygiene is key to preventing and treating this condition. […] If smoking is contributing to the condition, quitting can help reverse the effects. […] Drinking plenty of water helps to keep your mouth hydrated and encourages saliva production, which naturally cleans the mouth and prevents bacterial buildup. […] Reducing your intake of coffee, tea, and other dark-colored drinks can help prevent further staining of your tongue. […] If the condition persists despite improved oral hygiene or if you’re concerned about an underlying health issue, consult a healthcare provider or dentist. […] Prevention primarily involves maintaining a consistent oral hygiene routine and making some lifestyle adjustments.

• #64 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue

  Common contributing factors for black hairy tongue include poor oral hygiene, regular use of oxidizing mouthwashes, dry mouth, antibiotic use, tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol, and eating mainly soft foods. […] In many cases, a black hairy tongue is benign and goes away on its own without treatment with good oral hygiene. However, treatment is necessary in some cases, and antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat this condition. […] A black hairy tongue (medical term: lingua villosa nigra) is a fairly common, temporary, painless, and harmless condition. […] Yes, practicing good oral hygiene and eliminating predisposing factors can get rid of black hairy tongue, a harmless condition that can be alarming. […] Some of the things you can do for a black hairy tongue include: Use a flexible tongue scraper or soft toothbrush to gently remove dead skin cells and food debris from the surface of the tongue. […] If your black hairy tongue does not go away with the home remedies outlined above, you should make an appointment to see your healthcare provider.

• #65 Black Hairy Tongue. What is It? And What can be Done to Treat it? – Dental Clinic in Cherry Creek & Denver CO

  https://dewda.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue-what-is-it-and-what-can-be-done-to-treat-it/

  Black hairy tongue is almost entirely caused by lifestyle choices. […] The best defense against black hairy tongue is a healthy oral hygiene routine. This should include: Brushing your teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste after every meal and snack, Flossing both morning and night, Visiting our Cherry Creek office every six months for cleanings and examinations. […] Routine cleanings and examinations are one of the most effective ways to treat black hairy tongue as well. However, a thorough removal of yeast, bacteria, and discoloration may require more than at-home and professional cleanings. […] If you have black hairy tongue, we can discuss all possible methods of dealing with it during your next visit to our office.

• #66 Black hairy tongue | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit. […] Eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of water and eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #67 Black hairy tongue | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. Don’t stop any prescription medicine without talking to your healthcare professional first. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. Brush after eating. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and ideally after every meal. Use a fluoride toothpaste. Floss at least once a day. Proper flossing gets rid of food bits and plaque from between your teeth. Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit. Eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of water and eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #68 What causes black hairy tongue?

  https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/what-causes-black-hairy-tongue-3573892/

  Black hairy tongue is often caused by an overgrowth of papillae (taste buds) on the tongue. It results in a dark, furry appearance of dead skin cells on the surface of the tongue that can be stained from bacteria, food, or tobacco. Although it may be unpleasant, it doesn’t usually require medical treatment and it’s temporary and harmless. […] Be sure to practice good oral hygiene and brush your teeth (and tongue) twice a day. Discontinuation of the causative agent, such as medications, may be needed. Always speak with your healthcare provider before stopping a prescribed medication. […] Visit your dentist regularly and maintain a well-balanced diet. Talk to your doctor to see if any of your medications may be the cause. If your symptoms do not improve, contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation.

• #69 Black hairy tongue – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/black-hairy-tongue/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356080

  Diagnosis of black hairy tongue is based on how your tongue looks and possible causes or risk factors. […] Black hairy tongue usually doesn’t need medical treatment. Though it may not look good, it’s usually a short-term, harmless condition. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. […] Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit.

• #70 Black Hairy Tongue. What is It? And What can be Done to Treat it? – Dental Clinic in Cherry Creek & Denver CO

  https://dewda.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue-what-is-it-and-what-can-be-done-to-treat-it/

  Black hairy tongue is almost entirely caused by lifestyle choices. […] The best defense against black hairy tongue is a healthy oral hygiene routine. This should include: Brushing your teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste after every meal and snack, Flossing both morning and night, Visiting our Cherry Creek office every six months for cleanings and examinations. […] Routine cleanings and examinations are one of the most effective ways to treat black hairy tongue as well. However, a thorough removal of yeast, bacteria, and discoloration may require more than at-home and professional cleanings. […] If you have black hairy tongue, we can discuss all possible methods of dealing with it during your next visit to our office.

• #71 Black hairy tongue | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/black-hairy-tongue

  Visit your dentist regularly. Get professional teeth cleanings and regular mouth exams. This can prevent problems or help your dentist spot them early. Your dentist can let you know how often you should visit. […] Eat a healthy diet. Drink plenty of water and eat a balanced diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables.

• #72 What Is Black Hairy Tongue? | Dental Health Services Houston Texas

  https://www.lovettdentistrypasadena.com/dental-blog/what-is-black-hairy-tongue/

  Spotting a black hairy tongue in the mirror can give you quite a shock, but the condition is harmless. Also, its temporary! […] However, with good oral hygiene, your tongue should return to normal quickly. […] Getting black hairy tongue does nothing for your self-esteem, but the good news is, by brushing your teeth and tongue twice a day, the condition should clear up. […] The best source of advice on oral hygiene is your dentist. You should have a full dental examination at least once a year and attend regular hygiene appointments for cleaning. […] For instance, your basic dental hygiene routine should include brushing twice a day, preferably with an electric toothbrush, and flossing after meals. Remember to brush your tongue too. […] You may also want to rinse your mouth twice-daily with mouthwash. Mouthwash can help kill bacteria, freshen breath, and even keep your tongue clean.

• #73 Black hairy tongue | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue?content_id=CON-20257486

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. […] Your healthcare professional or dentist may ask you questions, such as: How often do you brush your teeth or clean your dentures? How often do you floss?

• #74 Hairy tongue

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8084553/

  A 55-year-old man developed a new, hair-like coating on his tongue after a month in the intensive care unit (ICU) with Guillain-Barr syndrome. […] The management of hairy tongue consists primarily of gentle debridement with a soft-bristled brush along with reassurance. […] We think our patient’s hairy tongue was caused by a prolonged period of limited oral intake, xerostomia related to the anticholinergic effects of quetiapine and a change in oral flora from various courses of antimicrobials. The patient’s tongue improved substantially after 2 months.

• #75 Black hairy tongue caused by metronidazole | The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

  https://bjid.org.br/en-black-hairy-tongue-caused-by-articulo-S1413867021001021

  An 82-year-old woman complained of fever, headache, and left hemiplegia. […] On hospital day 28, she manifested anorexia and nausea, with black discoloration of her tongue. We suspected antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) and thereby discontinued metronidazole. Within two weeks, her anorexia, nausea, and the black discoloration of her tongue gradually improved. Therefore, she was diagnosed with BHT due to metronidazole. […] BHT is a benign condition characterized by hypertrophy and lengthening of the filiform papilla on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. The hair-like appearance of BHT results from the inadequate desquamation of keratin over the filiform papillae; meanwhile, its discoloration results from the presence of porphyrin-producing chromogenic bacteria or yeast, with black to blackish-brown as the most common discoloration. […] Generally, BHT is managed by discontinuing the potential causative medication, modifying the predisposing factors, maintaining a good oral hygiene with tongue care to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae.

• #76 Hairy tongue

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8084553/

  A 55-year-old man developed a new, hair-like coating on his tongue after a month in the intensive care unit (ICU) with Guillain-Barr syndrome. […] The management of hairy tongue consists primarily of gentle debridement with a soft-bristled brush along with reassurance. […] We think our patient’s hairy tongue was caused by a prolonged period of limited oral intake, xerostomia related to the anticholinergic effects of quetiapine and a change in oral flora from various courses of antimicrobials. The patient’s tongue improved substantially after 2 months.

• #77 Stroke survivor develops 'black hairy tongue’; know all about this condition from experts – Wockhardt

  https://www.wockhardthospitals.com/articles/general-health/stroke-survivor-develops-black-hairy-tongue-know-all-about-this-condition-from-experts/

  Black hairy tongue is a common condition that happens due to poor dental hygiene says experts, and it is usually harmless. […] Black hairy tongue is a common condition that happens due to poor dental hygiene says experts and it is usually harmless. It is mostly painless and is common in people above 40, those who smoke and drink, consume excessive amounts of coffee, have malignancy or are on certain medications. Usually, the condition goes away in its own, but in case its not, one must consult an expert. […] Treatment includes gentle debridement in the clinic, maintenance of good oral hygiene, avoiding dry mouth by keeping tongue moist in bedridden patients, appropriate use of mouthwashes. Fungal infection or Carcinoma tongue can be a differential diagnosis, so a biopsy may be done in certain patients. Smoking and alcohol use are predisposing factors, says Dr Shraddha Despande, Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Wockhardt Hospital.

• #78 Hairy Tongue | Registered Dental Hygienists

  https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/radiology/article/16405105/hairy-tongue

  Your patient is Alex Zimmerman, and a friend recommended your practice to him. He has been scheduled for a screening appointment, a prophylaxis, and radiographs. […] As you evaluate the tongue, you notice the hairy appearance and the discoloration of the dorsal area of the tongue. […] The true etiology of hairy tongue is unknown. It is believed to be a reactive process and an alteration of microbial flora due to factors such as the use of antibiotics, smoking, alcohol use, the lowered immune response and general health of the person, radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, systemic corticosteroid therapy, and the use of certain products such as peroxide rinses. […] Individuals who have compromised immune systems or chronic health issues are especially vulnerable. […] The filiform papillae become elongated and discolored. This elongation gives the tongue the appearance of hair-like projections due to the hypertrophy of the papillae.

• #79 Hairy Tongue Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1075886-treatment

  The striking colors seen in hairy tongue may be worrisome to patients; consequently, they benefit from reassurance that their condition is a benign one. Maintenance of good oral hygiene in addition to gentle mechanical debridement of the dark tongue surface matter optimally controls the condition. Reducing the lingual coating prevents bacterial colonization of the tongue. If hairy tongue is noted in a patient hospitalized for other reasons, the nursing staff should encourage the patient to gently brush or scrape the tongue as necessary to debride the area. […] Patients who are on a continuous soft diet occasionally develop hairy tongue because the consistency of the diet does nothing to achieve mechanical debridement of the dorsal surface of the tongue during eating and swallowing. If adding more roughage to the patient’s diet is not feasible, the patient should be encouraged to cleanse the dorsal surface of the tongue daily by means of brushing or scraping.

• #80 Black hairy tongue caused by metronidazole | The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

  https://bjid.org.br/en-black-hairy-tongue-caused-by-articulo-S1413867021001021

  An 82-year-old woman complained of fever, headache, and left hemiplegia. […] On hospital day 28, she manifested anorexia and nausea, with black discoloration of her tongue. We suspected antibiotic-induced black hairy tongue (BHT) and thereby discontinued metronidazole. Within two weeks, her anorexia, nausea, and the black discoloration of her tongue gradually improved. Therefore, she was diagnosed with BHT due to metronidazole. […] BHT is a benign condition characterized by hypertrophy and lengthening of the filiform papilla on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. The hair-like appearance of BHT results from the inadequate desquamation of keratin over the filiform papillae; meanwhile, its discoloration results from the presence of porphyrin-producing chromogenic bacteria or yeast, with black to blackish-brown as the most common discoloration. […] Generally, BHT is managed by discontinuing the potential causative medication, modifying the predisposing factors, maintaining a good oral hygiene with tongue care to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae.

• #81 Black Hairy Tongue and Other Causes of Black Tongue

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/black-tongue-5190133

  Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a benign condition in which the small bumps on the surface of the tongue, called papillae, become elongated and take on a black or brownish color. The elongated papillae give BHT it characteristically hairy appearance. […] BHT is usually asymptomatic (without symptoms), although some people may experience additional signs and symptoms like bad breath (halitosis), burning mouth and tongue sensations (glossodynia), and a metallic or off-putting taste (dysgeusia). […] You can treat BHT by practicing good oral hygiene and modifying certain behaviors that contribute to the condition. […] Examples include brushing and flossing daily, scraping or brushing the tongue as part of your oral hygiene practices, switching to non-peroxide mouthwashes, quitting cigarettes, cutting back on coffee, switching from black tea to herbal or green tea, limiting your alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water daily, and using an over-the-counter (OTC) saliva substitute if you have dry mouth syndrome. […] Since antibiotics are rarely prescribed for long-term use, BHT will usually resolve once treatment is stopped. Even so, good oral hygiene can help speed the resolution of symptoms.

• #82 Black Hairy Tongue and Other Causes of Black Tongue

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/black-tongue-5190133

  Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a benign condition in which the small bumps on the surface of the tongue, called papillae, become elongated and take on a black or brownish color. The elongated papillae give BHT it characteristically hairy appearance. […] BHT is usually asymptomatic (without symptoms), although some people may experience additional signs and symptoms like bad breath (halitosis), burning mouth and tongue sensations (glossodynia), and a metallic or off-putting taste (dysgeusia). […] You can treat BHT by practicing good oral hygiene and modifying certain behaviors that contribute to the condition. […] Examples include brushing and flossing daily, scraping or brushing the tongue as part of your oral hygiene practices, switching to non-peroxide mouthwashes, quitting cigarettes, cutting back on coffee, switching from black tea to herbal or green tea, limiting your alcohol intake, drinking plenty of water daily, and using an over-the-counter (OTC) saliva substitute if you have dry mouth syndrome. […] Since antibiotics are rarely prescribed for long-term use, BHT will usually resolve once treatment is stopped. Even so, good oral hygiene can help speed the resolution of symptoms.

• #83 Black Hairy Tongue

  https://fpnotebook.com/ENT/Tongue/BlckHryTng.htm

  Prevalence: 0.5 to 11% […] More common in older patients […] More common in males (3 fold more common than in females) […] Improves with Tongue brushing with soft brush […] Use a standard ToothBrush or scrape the Tongue […] May apply a 1.5% Hydrogen Peroxide […] Avoid predisposing factors above (including drug-induced causes of Xerostomia) […] Increase Dietary Fiber […] Tobacco Cessation.

• #84 Tongue Problems: Types, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24735-tongue-problems

  Various conditions get their names from the key symptom: changes in your tongues appearance. A white, yellow or black tongue is usually a sign of poor hygiene. Not caring for your tongue can cause bacteria and fungi to grow. In rare cases, color and texture changes signal an underlying medical condition. […] […] Black hairy tongue: Dead skin cells or bacteria get trapped on your tongue, causing the surface to look black or brown. It may appear like its covered in fuzz or fur. Causes of black hairy tongue other than poor hygiene (most common) include radiation therapy to your head and neck, tobacco and alcohol use, and dry mouth.

• #85 Black Hairy Tongue: A Rare Adverse Effect of Olanzapine

  https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/black-hairy-tongue-rare-adverse-effect-olanzapine/

  Black hairy tongue is a condition triggered by various factors such as smoking, excessive coffee consumption, poor oral hygiene, trigeminal neuralgia, general debilitation, dry mouth, and certain drugs such as psychotropics (paroxetine, thiothixene hydrochloride, benztropine mesylate, clonazepam, and chlorpromazine), antibiotics, antihypertensives, and oxygenating oral mouth rinses. […] Management involves mechanical debridement, maintaining proper oral hygiene, and removing potential causative agents. […] The exact mechanism behind olanzapine induced black hairy tongue is unknown. It has been suggested that the anticholinergic properties of olanzapine may play a role in its development.

• #86 Any hints on treating black/furry tongue? – AgingCare.com

  https://www.agingcare.com/questions/any-hints-on-treating-black-furry-tongue-440785.htm

  If she is able to open her mouth and cooperate with you, a tongue scraper will probably work the best. Needs to be done daily and needs to be done as far back on the tongue as you can reach. Even better if she is able to do it herself. […] I read a lot of mouthwashes can actually make it worse.

• #87 Common Tongue Conditions in Primary Care | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0301/p627.html

  Accumulation of excess keratin on the filiform papillae of the dorsal tongue leads to the formation of elongated strands that resemble hair. The color of the tongue can range from white or tan to black. Darker coloration results from the trapping of debris and bacteria in the elongated strands. This occurs most commonly in smokers and in persons with poor oral hygiene. Hairy tongue has been associated with use of certain antibiotic medications. Most patients are asymptomatic, but some have halitosis or abnormal taste. No treatment is required, but gentle daily debridement with a tongue scraper or soft toothbrush can remove keratinized tissue. […] According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the point prevalence of tongue lesions is 15.5 percent in U.S. adults. Lesion prevalence is increased in those who wear dentures or use tobacco. The most common tongue condition is geographic tongue, followed by fissured tongue and hairy tongue. […] Hairy tongue has been associated with tobacco use, poor oral hygiene, antibiotic use.

• #88 Any hints on treating black/furry tongue? – AgingCare.com

  https://www.agingcare.com/questions/any-hints-on-treating-black-furry-tongue-440785.htm

  If she is able to open her mouth and cooperate with you, a tongue scraper will probably work the best. Needs to be done daily and needs to be done as far back on the tongue as you can reach. Even better if she is able to do it herself. […] I read a lot of mouthwashes can actually make it worse.

• #89 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  The goal of therapy is the discontinuation of potential offending agents (including dietary or medicinal causes) and modifying predisposing factors (smoking, black tea consumption, neurological conditions, general debilitation), followed by maintaining good oral hygiene and gentle debridement with a soft toothbrush or tongue scraper to promote desquamation of the hyperkeratotic papillae. […] Overall clinical prognosis of BHT is excellent.

• #90 Black Tongue Treatment: 2 Effortless Ways To Prevent It

  https://worldofdentistry.org/black-tongue-treatment/

  It is recommended to visit the dentist if you have symptoms of pain, inflammation, or infection. […] Black tongue is a harmless condition. It is cosmetically uncomfortable, but it does not normally cause any oral or systemic problems. It may go away by following the recommendations outlined in this article. […] Although the appearance of a black tongue can be concerning, it is a harmless and reversible condition. We suggest enhancing your oral hygiene routine right away and making an appointment with your dentist if the black tongue does not resolve on its own.

• #91 Black tongue: What is it, and how is it treated? | Perio Implant Advisory

  https://www.perioimplantadvisory.com/clinical-tips/article/14294685/black-tongue-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-treated

  Black hairy tongue should be differentiated from fake black tongue (pseudoblack hairy tongue), which can occur when the tongue becomes stained from coffee/tea, food coloring, or medications that contain bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) […] Treatment consists of mechanical debridement with a tongue scraper and a toothbrush, as well as removing the causative factors if possible. […] As an adjunct to conventional debridement and to facilitate removal of the black color from the tongue, this author advocates the application of StellaLife Vega Oral Care Gel to the tongue prior to tongue scraping (three times a day) and StellaLife Vega Oral Rinse (three times a day). […] Black hairy tongue generally resolves within days to weeks after implementation of oral care and removal of the etiologic factors. […] Patients who do not respond to this treatment after a few weeks may need to undergo further treatment, such as laser application to the tongue surface.

• #92 Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue: a case report | Journal of Medical Case Reports | Full Text

  https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-1947-7-46

  Linezolid-induced BHT is an uncommon, benign, self-limiting disorder. Other antibiotics, drugs that cause xerostomia, poor oral hygiene, smoking, and consumption of coffee or other colored beverages are known or probable risk factors. A thorough history should be obtained to rule out these risk factors in the setting of concomitant linezolid use. The prospective counseling of patients on the importance of good oral hygiene when taking this medication may be warranted.

• #93 Hairy Tongue

  https://www.aaom.com/hairy-tongue

  Hairy tongue may appear brown, white, green, or pink, depending upon the specific cause and other factors, such as mouthwashes or even candy. […] Certain types of bacteria and yeast can even give the tongue a black appearance, referred to as black hairy tongue. […] In most instances good oral hygiene with a toothbrush or tongue scraper will result in elimination of the build up. Individuals with a persistent coating on the tongue should consult their dentist or other trained oral health professional. […] Hairy tongue that does not resolve with such simple measures may be treated with medical or surgical treatments by qualified individuals. […] Most individuals can prevent hairy tongue by practicing good oral hygiene. Brushing the top of the tongue with a tooth brush should be part of regular daily oral hygiene activities. […] If you continue to have a problem cleaning your tongue, consult your dentist or an individual with experience in this area. […] The key to successful long-term elimination is excellent oral hygiene. Patients who have had hairy tongue are at greater risk for recurrence.

• #94 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue treatment usually involves improving your oral hygiene at home. […] If you have black hairy tongue, the first thing you should do is take steps to improve your oral hygiene. After brushing and flossing your teeth, be sure to clean your tongue thoroughly with a toothbrush or tongue scraper. […] If black hairy tongue still persists after an improvement in oral hygiene, it can be treated with antibiotics, antifungal medications, mouthwash or retinoids (drugs related to vitamin A). […] Traditional or laser surgery is an option when nothing else has solved the problem. […] Once you figure out what caused black hairy tongue, you can take steps to treat it and reduce the risk of it happening again. Often, this just involves making minor lifestyle changes, such as cleaning your tongue daily.

• #95 Black Hairy Tongue Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments | Oral B

  https://www.oralb.ca/en-ca/oral-health/conditions/bad-breath/black-hairy-tongue-causes-symptoms-treatments

  A black hairy tongue is a temporary and harmless condition that is often caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in your mouth. Certain types of bacteria accumulate on the papillae (the small projections that cover the tongue) and create red blood cell pigments, which can make the tongue look black. And if the normal shedding of the outer layer of cells on the tongue is inhibited, the papillae are larger and the tongue can appear „hairy.” […] Fortunately, a black hairy tongue will usually resolve if you take these simple steps: […] Gently brush your tongue with a toothbrush twice a day as part of your daily dental care routine. Once the problem is resolved, it is still a good idea to brush your tongue—you can help prevent the black tongue from coming back. […] If the discoloration persists, see your dental professional.

• #96 Hairy Tongue: Why It Happens and How to Treat It

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-and-oral-health/hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue shares many of the same causes with all hairy tongues, but specific factors give this condition the telltale black look. […] Hairy tongue is often only temporary, and usually it isn’t a sign of a more serious problem. However, some of the main causes of hairy tongue are the result of lifelong habits, such as smoking, so it may be necessary for you to actively try to treat the condition. […] The most common strategies for treating hairy tongue include the following: Have good oral hygiene: Properly brushing, flossing, and rinsing your mouth can prevent hairy tongue. […] If these treatments aren’t successful, you can talk with your doctor about more aggressive treatments. These include: prescription antifungal medicines, over-the-counter (OTC) antiseptic mouthwash, such as Listerine or Orajel, surgical treatment to trim the FP. […] You don’t need to see a doctor for hairy tongue unless the treatments you try at home, such as practicing good oral hygiene, aren’t successful. […] The best way to prevent hairy tongue is to practice good oral hygiene.

• #97 Black hairy tongue | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/black-hairy-tongue?content_id=CON-20257486

  Black hairy tongue may look alarming, but it’s usually painless and doesn’t cause any health problems. The condition usually goes away by dealing with the causes and by regular mouth and tongue cleaning. […] Good mouth and tongue cleaning can help get rid of black hairy tongue. So can stopping things that may lead to the condition, for example, not using tobacco or irritating mouthwashes. […] To keep your mouth and tongue healthy: Brush your tongue. Give your tongue a gentle brushing whenever you brush your teeth. This removes dead cells, bacteria and food bits. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or a flexible tongue scraper. […] Your healthcare professional or dentist may ask you questions, such as: How often do you brush your teeth or clean your dentures? How often do you floss?

• #98 Prednisolone-Induced Hairy Tongue: A Case Report | Volume 34 – Issue 3 – September 2019 | Archives of Rheumatology

  https://www.archivesofrheumatology.org/full-text/1026

  In conclusion, BHT is a benign, self-limiting, and usually asymptomatic disorder. […] Rheumatologists should be aware of the probable prednisolone-induced hairy tongue in clinical practice and examine hairy tongue with other dermatological side effects. […] Patients using prednisolone should be educated to continue good oral hygiene.

• #99 Black hairy tongue syndrome

  https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i31/10845.htm

  Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign medical condition characterized by elongated filiform lingual papillae with typical carpet-like appearance of the dorsum of the tongue. […] Treatment involves identification and discontinuation of the offending agent, modifications of chronic predisposing factors, patients re-assurance to the benign nature of the condition, and maintenance of adequate oral hygiene with gentle debridement to promote desquamation. […] BHT is generally a self-limiting disease and carries a good prognosis. General preventative strategies should be employed and the patient should be educated of this condition as a potential side effect of antibiotic and antipsychotic medications. […] Proper patient reassurance to the benign nature of BHT is important, both to decrease the level of aesthetic anxiety and to promote appropriate treatment.

• #100 Hairy Tongue: Why It Happens and How to Treat It

  https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-and-oral-health/hairy-tongue

  Black hairy tongue shares many of the same causes with all hairy tongues, but specific factors give this condition the telltale black look. […] Hairy tongue is often only temporary, and usually it isn’t a sign of a more serious problem. However, some of the main causes of hairy tongue are the result of lifelong habits, such as smoking, so it may be necessary for you to actively try to treat the condition. […] The most common strategies for treating hairy tongue include the following: Have good oral hygiene: Properly brushing, flossing, and rinsing your mouth can prevent hairy tongue. […] If these treatments aren’t successful, you can talk with your doctor about more aggressive treatments. These include: prescription antifungal medicines, over-the-counter (OTC) antiseptic mouthwash, such as Listerine or Orajel, surgical treatment to trim the FP. […] You don’t need to see a doctor for hairy tongue unless the treatments you try at home, such as practicing good oral hygiene, aren’t successful. […] The best way to prevent hairy tongue is to practice good oral hygiene.

• #101 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes & Treatment – BuzzRx

  https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/black-hairy-tongue

  Common contributing factors for black hairy tongue include poor oral hygiene, regular use of oxidizing mouthwashes, dry mouth, antibiotic use, tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol, and eating mainly soft foods. […] In many cases, a black hairy tongue is benign and goes away on its own without treatment with good oral hygiene. However, treatment is necessary in some cases, and antifungal medications may be prescribed to treat this condition. […] A black hairy tongue (medical term: lingua villosa nigra) is a fairly common, temporary, painless, and harmless condition. […] Yes, practicing good oral hygiene and eliminating predisposing factors can get rid of black hairy tongue, a harmless condition that can be alarming. […] Some of the things you can do for a black hairy tongue include: Use a flexible tongue scraper or soft toothbrush to gently remove dead skin cells and food debris from the surface of the tongue. […] If your black hairy tongue does not go away with the home remedies outlined above, you should make an appointment to see your healthcare provider.

• #102 Tongue problems Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/tongue-problems

  Hairy tongue is a condition in which the tongue looks hairy or furry. It can sometimes be treated with antifungal medicine. […] Practicing good oral self-care can help hairy tongue and black tongue. Be sure to eat a well-balanced diet. […] Contact your health care provider if your tongue problem makes it difficult to eat or breathe or if the problem persists.

• #103 Black tongue: Causes, treatments, and home remedies

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327163

  Black tongue is a harmless and temporary oral condition. It usually occurs due to a buildup of the protein keratin on the tongues surface. […] Black hairy tongue refers to a buildup of the protein keratin that can cause the tongue to look black and discolored. […] Maintaining good oral hygiene can help clear black tongue. People can try regularly brushing the tongue with a fluoride toothpaste, using a tongue scraper to remove plaque, bacteria, and other debris from the tongue, and rinsing the mouth with warm salt water to improve cleanliness and reduce bad tastes and odors. […] If black tongue does not clear on its own within a few days, a person should seek medical treatment. […] A doctor or dentist may recommend antibiotics to help treat bacterial infections of the tongue, switching medications if black tongue develops as a result of antibiotic use, and antifungal treatment for fungal causes of a black tongue. […] A person should see a doctor or dentist if their symptoms persist or worsen, or if they are accompanied by pain and swelling. The doctor or dentist will work to diagnose the cause of black tongue and will provide appropriate medical treatments.

• #104 Black Hairy Tongue: Causes, What It Is & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17918-black-hairy-tongue

  You can try dealing with black hairy tongue yourself, for example, by brushing and scraping your tongue or drinking less coffee. If the condition persists, make an appointment with your healthcare provider. […] Black hairy tongue looks and sounds terrifying. But the condition is generally harmless and easy to treat. If you’ve tried home remedies and nothing is working, schedule a visit with your healthcare provider. They can determine what’s causing the condition and find ways to keep your tongue healthy.

• #105 Black Tongue Treatment: 2 Effortless Ways To Prevent It

  https://worldofdentistry.org/black-tongue-treatment/

  It is recommended to visit the dentist if you have symptoms of pain, inflammation, or infection. […] Black tongue is a harmless condition. It is cosmetically uncomfortable, but it does not normally cause any oral or systemic problems. It may go away by following the recommendations outlined in this article. […] Although the appearance of a black tongue can be concerning, it is a harmless and reversible condition. We suggest enhancing your oral hygiene routine right away and making an appointment with your dentist if the black tongue does not resolve on its own.

• #106 What causes black hairy tongue? – Sendhil Dental

  https://www.sendhildental.com/what-causes-black-hairy-tongue/

  Black layer on the tongue looks scary but it is a harmless condition. The black color makes the tongue looks hairy but they are not hairs. Such black, hairy tongue is caused by the collection of dead cells on tiny grooves called papillae present in the tongue surface. […] The black layer on the tongue is a temporary condition and does not require treatment. It disappears or goes on its own over a while with good dental cleaning actions. If the black color on tongue exists more than 3 weeks, consult your Dentist. Nowadays, you can get laser treatment or electrosurgery to get rid of this problem. […] Similar to the white layer on tongue, the black hairy tongue also occurs due to bacteria imbalance triggered with poor oral care, health disorders. Even it looks scary, it is a benign condition and can be cured with some lifestyle adjustments and advanced dental treatments.

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