Choroba zastawek serca
Objawy

Choroba zastawek serca charakteryzuje się dysfunkcją jednej lub kilku z czterech zastawek serca, prowadząc do zaburzeń hemodynamicznych i różnorodnych objawów klinicznych, takich jak duszność, zmęczenie, ból w klatce piersiowej, zaburzenia rytmu serca, obrzęki oraz szmer sercowy. Objawy te różnią się w zależności od rodzaju i lokalizacji uszkodzenia zastawki – np. stenoza aortalna manifestuje się zmęczeniem, dusznością i omdleniami, natomiast choroby zastawki mitralnej mogą powodować kaszel, krwioplucie i migotanie przedsionków. Progresja choroby jest zmienna, od bezobjawowego przebiegu do nagłego pogorszenia stanu klinicznego, a nasilenie symptomów nie zawsze koreluje z ciężkością uszkodzenia zastawki. Klasyfikacja ACC/AHA dzieli chorobę na stadia od A (ryzyko) do D (ciężka, objawowa), co jest istotne dla planowania leczenia i monitorowania pacjenta.

Objawy choroby zastawek serca

Choroba zastawek serca (ang. heart valve disease) to schorzenie polegające na nieprawidłowym funkcjonowaniu jednej lub kilku z czterech zastawek serca, co prowadzi do zaburzeń przepływu krwi przez serce. Osoby z chorobą zastawek serca mogą przez wiele lat nie odczuwać żadnych objawów, jednak w miarę postępu choroby pojawiają się charakterystyczne symptomy, które mogą znacząco wpływać na jakość życia pacjenta.12

Typowe objawy choroby zastawek serca

Do najczęstszych objawów choroby zastawek serca należą:123

  • Duszność – występująca podczas wysiłku fizycznego, w pozycji leżącej lub nawet w spoczynku14
  • Zmęczenie i osłabienie – często jest to pierwszy objaw choroby zastawek, pacjenci odczuwają przewlekłe zmęczenie nawet przy niewielkim wysiłku56
  • Ból w klatce piersiowej – może przypominać ucisk, ściskanie lub pieczenie17
  • Zaburzenia rytmu serca – odczuwane jako kołatanie, trzepotanie lub nieregularne bicie serca18
  • Zawroty głowy i omdlenia – spowodowane zmniejszonym przepływem krwi do mózgu16
  • Obrzęki – szczególnie kostek, stóp, nóg, brzucha lub żył szyjnych18
  • Szybki przyrost masy ciała – spowodowany zatrzymaniem płynów w organizmie79
  • Szmer sercowy – jeden z pierwszych objawów wykrywalnych podczas badania lekarskiego1011

Zróżnicowanie objawów w zależności od rodzaju uszkodzenia zastawki

Objawy mogą różnić się w zależności od tego, która zastawka jest uszkodzona oraz od rodzaju uszkodzenia (zwężenie lub niedomykalność):1213

Choroba zastawki aortalnej

Przy zwężeniu zastawki aortalnej (stenoza aortalna) pacjenci często doświadczają:1213

  • Zmęczenia i obniżonej wydolności, szczególnie podczas wysiłku fizycznego
  • Duszności i szybszego wyczerpania
  • Zawrotów głowy po wysiłku fizycznym
  • Ucisku w klatce piersiowej
  • Omdleń
Choroba zastawki mitralnej

W przypadku choroby zastawki mitralnej (niedomykalność, zwężenie lub wypadanie) typowe objawy to:129

  • Ogólne obniżenie wydolności
  • Duszność (najczęściej wysiłkowa)
  • Kaszel lub podrażnienie wywołujące kaszel
  • Ostry obrzęk płuc
  • Niewielkie, rdzawobrązowe domieszki krwi (krwioplucie) w plwocinie
  • Tachykardia, migotanie przedsionków z ryzykiem zatorów i udaru
Choroba zastawki trójdzielnej

Choroba zastawki trójdzielnej zwykle powoduje mniej objawów. Charakterystycznym objawem jest zastój krwi w żyłach szyjnych spowodowany zwiększonym ciśnieniem w prawym przedsionku, co może prowadzić do pulsacyjnych drgań w okolicy szyi.1214

Nasilenie i rozwój objawów

Objawy choroby zastawek serca mogą rozwijać się w różnym tempie i z różnym nasileniem:315

  • Rozwój bezobjawowy – u wielu pacjentów choroba może przebiegać przez lata bez widocznych objawów, nawet gdy schorzenie jest zaawansowane316
  • Powolny rozwój – u niektórych osób choroba postępuje bardzo powoli, a serce z czasem przystosowuje się do zmienionych warunków, co sprawia, że objawy są ledwo zauważalne317
  • Nagłe wystąpienie objawów – u części pacjentów objawy mogą pojawić się nagle, szczególnie gdy stan zastawki gwałtownie się pogarsza318

Ważne jest, aby pamiętać, że nasilenie objawów nie zawsze odpowiada ciężkości choroby zastawkowej. Pacjent może mieć ciężką chorobę zastawkową bez objawów lub może doświadczać znacznych dolegliwości przy niewielkim uszkodzeniu zastawki.1619

Progresja choroby zastawek serca

Choroba zastawek serca ma zazwyczaj charakter postępujący, choć tempo rozwoju może być różne u poszczególnych pacjentów. Zrozumienie etapów progresji choroby jest kluczowe dla odpowiedniego zarządzania leczeniem.27

Stadialność choroby zastawek serca

Amerykańskie Kolegium Kardiologiczne i Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Kardiologiczne zalecają następujący podział na stadia choroby zastawek serca:7

  • Stadium A (ryzyko) – pacjent ma czynniki ryzyka choroby zastawek serca, ale bez widocznych zmian w zastawkach
  • Stadium B (postępujące) – występuje łagodna lub umiarkowana choroba zastawkowa, ale bez objawów
  • Stadium C (ciężka, bezobjawowa) – zaawansowana choroba zastawkowa, ale pacjent nie odczuwa objawów
  • Stadium D (ciężka, objawowa) – zaawansowana choroba zastawkowa z wyraźnymi objawami

Mechanizmy kompensacyjne i dekompensacja

Serce posiada mechanizmy kompensacyjne, które przez pewien czas mogą równoważyć zaburzenia spowodowane chorobą zastawkową:2021

  • Przerost mięśnia sercowego – serce musi pracować ciężej, aby pokonać opór zwężonej zastawki lub skompensować niedomykalność, co prowadzi do pogrubienia i powiększenia mięśnia sercowego2022
  • Rozstrzeń komór – aby pomieścić większą objętość krwi, komory serca rozszerzają się, co początkowo pomaga utrzymać prawidłowy rzut serca2324
  • Dekompensacja – z czasem mechanizmy kompensacyjne zawodzą, pogrubiały mięsień sercowy staje się mniej elastyczny, a komory są przeciążone, co prowadzi do objawów niewydolności serca2025

Początkowo objawy mogą występować tylko podczas wysiłku fizycznego, ale w miarę postępu choroby zaczynają pojawiać się również w spoczynku.20

Powikłania choroby zastawek serca

Nieleczona choroba zastawek serca może prowadzić do szeregu poważnych powikłań:2525

  • Niewydolność serca – gdy serce nie jest w stanie pompować wystarczającej ilości krwi, aby zaspokoić potrzeby organizmu225
  • Zaburzenia rytmu serca (arytmie) – szczególnie migotanie przedsionków, które zwiększa ryzyko powikłań zakrzepowo-zatorowych226
  • Zakrzepy krwi – mogą powstawać w sercu i przemieszczać się do innych narządów29
  • Nadciśnienie płucne – wysokie ciśnienie w tętnicach płucnych spowodowane zastojem krwi w płucach221
  • Udar mózgu – spowodowany zakrzepami, które powstały w sercu i przemieściły się do naczyń mózgowych29
  • Zatrzymanie krążenia – nagłe zatrzymanie pracy serca225
  • Infekcje zastawekzapalenie wsierdzia, które może prowadzić do dodatkowych uszkodzeń zastawek187

Czynniki wpływające na progresję choroby

Szybkość postępu choroby zastawek serca może być uzależniona od wielu czynników:227

  • Rodzaj i stopień uszkodzenia zastawki – niektóre choroby zastawkowe, jak ciężkie zwężenie zastawki aortalnej, mogą postępować szybciej niż inne2829
  • Wiek pacjenta – u osób starszych choroba często postępuje szybciej3031
  • Choroby współistniejące – choroby takie jak nadciśnienie tętnicze, cukrzyca czy choroba wieńcowa mogą przyspieszać postęp choroby zastawkowej2332
  • Styl życia – palenie tytoniu, brak aktywności fizycznej i nieodpowiednia dieta mogą negatywnie wpływać na przebieg choroby32
  • Ciąża – u kobiet z chorobą zastawkową ciąża może powodować nasilenie objawów ze względu na zwiększone obciążenie układu sercowo-naczyniowego27

Rokowanie i oczekiwana długość życia

Rokowanie w chorobie zastawek serca zależy od wielu czynników:3319

  • Wczesna diagnostyka i leczenie – wcześnie wykryta i leczona choroba zastawkowa ma lepsze rokowanie3334
  • Ciężkość choroby – pacjenci z ciężką objawową stenozą aortalną, którzy nie przejdą operacji wymiany zastawki, mają około 50% szans na przeżycie 2-3 lat2835
  • Interwencja chirurgiczna – u pacjentów, którzy przeszli wymianę zastawki, oczekiwana długość życia może wrócić do normy2819
  • Łagodna choroba zastawkowa – może mieć niewielki wpływ na długość życia, jeśli jest odpowiednio monitorowana3414

U pacjentów z ciężką objawową chorobą zastawkową, którzy nie przechodzą leczenia operacyjnego, jedynie 40-60% przeżywa 3 lata od diagnozy. Natomiast u pacjentów po wymianie zastawki wskaźnik przeżycia 3-letniego wynosi 80-90%.19

Monitorowanie progresji choroby

Regularne monitorowanie jest kluczowe dla oceny progresji choroby zastawek serca:26

  • Regularne wizyty kontrolne – pacjenci z łagodną lub umiarkowaną chorobą zastawkową bez objawów powinni być regularnie badani625
  • Badania echokardiograficzne – powinny być wykonywane co 6-12 miesięcy u pacjentów z umiarkowaną lub ciężką chorobą zastawkową bez objawów614
  • Zgłaszanie nowych objawów – pacjenci powinni natychmiast informować lekarza o pojawieniu się nowych lub nasileniu istniejących objawów615
  • Ocena tolerancji wysiłku – obniżona tolerancja wysiłku może być wczesnym objawem postępu choroby1536

Należy podkreślić, że choroba zastawek serca to schorzenie, które pacjent będzie miał przez całe życie, ale jej przebieg zależy od tego, która zastawka jest uszkodzona i jak poważny jest problem. Dlatego regularne monitorowanie stanu zdrowia i przestrzeganie zaleceń lekarskich jest niezbędne dla kontrolowania progresji choroby.225

Sytuacje wymagające pilnej konsultacji lekarskiej

Osoby z podejrzeniem lub zdiagnozowaną chorobą zastawek serca powinny niezwłocznie skontaktować się z lekarzem w przypadku:14

  • Regularnie występującej duszności4
  • Uczucia zmęczenia, osłabienia lub zawrotów głowy podczas normalnych czynności4
  • Kołatania serca, które nawraca, trwa dłużej niż kilka minut lub się nasila4
  • Obrzęków kostek lub stóp4
  • Bólu w klatce piersiowej, który pojawia się i ustępuje4
  • Nagłego pogorszenia tolerancji wysiłku37
  • Omdleń lub utrat przytomności38
  • Gorączki, która może wskazywać na infekcję zastawki18

W przypadku ciężkich objawów, takich jak silny ból w klatce piersiowej lub omdlenie, należy natychmiast wezwać pomoc medyczną, dzwoniąc pod numer alarmowy.39

Pamiętajmy, że objawy choroby zastawek serca mogą być często mylnie interpretowane jako normalne oznaki starzenia się, co może prowadzić do opóźnienia diagnozy i leczenia. Dlatego tak ważne jest, aby regularnie poddawać się badaniom kontrolnym, szczególnie po 65. roku życia, oraz być świadomym potencjalnych objawów choroby zastawkowej.3940

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  1. 11.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Heart valve disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-valve-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353727
    Some people with heart valve disease might not have symptoms for many years. When symptoms occur, they might include: […] Shortness of breath at rest or when active or lying down. […] Fatigue. […] Chest pain. […] Dizziness. […] Swelling of the ankles and feet. […] Fainting. […] Irregular heartbeat. […] If you have symptoms of possible heart valve disease, make an appointment for a health checkup.
  • #2 Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms & Treatment
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17639-what-you-need-to-know-heart-valve-disease
    Heart valve disease symptoms may include: […] Many people with heart valve disease don’t have symptoms. But when the condition worsens over time, your heart beats harder to make up for the reduced blood flow. […] Untreated heart valve disease may eventually lead to: Heart failure, Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia), Blood clots, High blood pressure in your pulmonary arteries (pulmonary hypertension), Stroke, Cardiac arrest. […] If you have heart valve disease, you’ll have it for your whole life. But your experience of heart valve disease depends on the valve affected and the severity of the problem. […] It’s important to follow up regularly with a healthcare provider to monitor the progression of your valve disease over time.
  • #3 Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease | American Stroke Association
    https://www.stroke.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-disease-risks-signs-and-symptoms/symptoms-of-heart-valve-problems
    Some people have no symptoms, yet they can still have a valve problem that needs treatment. […] Some people suddenly experience very noticeable symptoms. Valve disease symptoms can also develop very quickly if the condition is severe. […] For some people, the disease progresses very slowly, and the heart is able to compensate over time so that the symptoms are barely noticeable. […] However, the risk and damage may still be significant, so education and awareness about the possible causes for a gradual onset of symptoms is important for patients who may be at risk. […] Some physical signs of heart valve disease can include: Chest pain or palpitations (rapid rhythms or skips), Shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness or inability to maintain regular activity level, Lightheadedness or fainting, Swollen ankles, feet or abdomen.
  • #4 Heart valve disease
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-valve-disease/
    Symptoms of heart valve disease can include: shortness of breath, feeling tired or weak, feeling dizzy, heart palpitations, where you suddenly feel your heart beating irregularly or faster than usual, swollen ankles and feet, chest pain or discomfort. […] Some people do not have any symptoms. Sometimes it’s found by chance if a doctor hears an unusual sound (a heart murmur) when they listen to your chest. […] You’re feeling short of breath regularly, you feel tired, weak or dizzy when doing normal activities, you have heart palpitations that keep coming back, last longer than a few minutes or are getting worse, you have swollen ankles or feet, you have chest pain that comes and goes. […] If you have symptoms of heart valve disease a GP will listen to your heart. […] If you have mild heart valve disease and you do not have any symptoms, you may not need treatment. You’ll usually have regular check-ups to see if your condition is getting worse.
  • #5 Heart Valve Diseases – What Are Heart Valve Diseases? | NHLBI, NIH
    https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-valve-diseases
    Extreme tiredness (fatigue) is often the first symptom. […] You may also feel faint or lose consciousness, have breathing difficulty or chest pain, or feel that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, pounding, or racing. […] If not diagnosed and treated promptly, heart valve problems can lead to arrhythmia, infection, high blood pressure in the lungs, heart failure, or cardiac arrest.
  • #6 Heart valve disease – BHF
    https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/heart-valve-disease
    Some people with heart valve disease have no symptoms. Other people may have one or more symptoms. […] Common symptoms of heart valve disease are: feeling breathless, chest pain, feeling weak or dizzy, discomfort in your chest, swollen ankles and feet, being more tired than usual, a fluttering or pounding feeling in your chest or neck (known as palpitations). […] Symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. […] If your valve disease is moderate or severe with no symptoms, you should have a check-up and echocardiogram every 6 to 12 months. […] If you start having new or worsening symptoms, make an appointment with your doctor. This could mean your valve disease is getting worse.
  • #7 An Overview of Heart Valve Disease
    https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-valve-disease
    – Discomfort in your chest (angina). You may feel pressure, squeezing, tightness, or burning in your chest. It may spread to your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. It may also feel like an upset stomach. This can happen when you are working hard or when you are resting. […] – Feeling more tired than usual (fatigue). […] – Fever if you have an infection, such as myocarditis. […] – Palpitations. This may feel like a rapid heart rhythm, irregular heartbeat, skipped beats, or a flip-flop feeling in your chest. […] – Swelling around your eyes or in your ankles, feet, or abdomen. This is called edema. Swelling in your belly may cause you to feel bloated. […] – Rapid weight gain. A weight gain of 2 or 3 pounds in a day is possible. […] Sometimes, your baby or child may have symptoms of a heart valve problem since birth. But sometimes, they may not appear until weeks or months after birth. These symptoms may be detected by your pediatrician during a newborn screening. These symptoms may include:
  • #7 An Overview of Heart Valve Disease
    https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-valve-disease
    – Not gaining weight or growing as they should. You may notice they have problems eating. If your child has trouble eating, call your doctor. […] – Blue skin tone, especially their lips, fingers, and toes. If you child has a blue skin tone, call 911 right away. […] – Low levels of oxygen. […] – Pale skin, rapid heartbeat, or cool, clammy hands. These are signs of shock. This is a medical emergency. Call 911 right away. […] – Weak pulse. […] The stage depends on your symptoms, disease severity, the structure of the valve or valves, and blood flow through your heart and lungs. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Joint Committee recommends the following stages: […] – Stage A (at risk). You have risk factors for heart valve disease […] – Stage B (progressive). You have mild or moderate valve disease, but you have no symptoms. […] – Stage C (severe, asymptomatic). You have severe valve disease, but you have no symptoms. […] – Stage D (severe, symptomatic). You have severe valve disease and you have symptoms.
  • #8 About Heart Valve Disease | Heart Disease | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-valve-disease.html
    Heart valve disease isn’t as common as many other heart conditions, so patients may not easily recognize its signs and symptoms. […] Symptoms of heart valve disease may be subtle and develop slowly over time. […] Heart valve disease can develop quickly or over a long period. When heart valve disease develops more slowly, there may be no symptoms until the condition is quite advanced. When it develops more suddenly, people may experience the following symptoms: Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Fever, Irregular heartbeat, Dizziness or fainting, Rapid weight gain, Swelling around the eyes, ankles, or abdomen, Fatigue, or feeling tired, especially during activity. […] Diseased valves might not fully open and close. Any valve in the heart can become diseased, but the aortic valve is most commonly affected.
  • #9 Mitral Valve Disease Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine
    https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/heart-and-vascular/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-disease/symptoms
    The symptoms of mitral valve disease vary for the two general forms: mitral regurgitation/insufficiency (including mitral valve prolapse) and mitral stenosis. Symptoms may include: […] The primary symptoms of mitral valve insufficiency/regurgitation may include: Shortness of breath, Fatigue and exercise intolerance, A rapid, fluttering heartbeat (palpitations), Chest pain. […] Symptoms of mitral valve prolapse can be mild or develop gradually. They include: A racing or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), Dizziness or feeling lightheaded, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Chest pain. […] For some, the primary and often only symptom of mitral stenosis is shortness of breath. As the disease progresses, the heart weakens as it struggles to get blood through a small, stiff valve opening. Symptoms of mitral valve stenosis may include: Shortness of breath, Cough due to fluid on the lungs (pulmonary edema), A rapid, fluttering heartbeat (palpitations), Dizziness or lightheadedness, Swollen feet or legs, Blood clots, Chest pain.
  • #10 Heart valve disease — symptoms, causes, treatment | healthdirect
    https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/heart-valve-disease
    Heart valve disease happens when one or more of your hearts valves cannot open or close properly, affecting the blood flow through your heart and body. […] Symptoms of heart valve disease include a heart murmur (usually this is one of the first symptoms), chest pain, shortness of breath, tiredness, fainting, swelling of your ankles and feet, and having an irregular heartbeat. […] If you have heart valve disease you may develop the following symptoms: heart murmur, chest pains, shortness of breath, tiredness, dizziness, light headedness, fainting, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), having a fever, swelling of your ankles and feet. […] One of the first signs of heart valve disease can be a heart murmur. When your doctor listens to your heart sounds, they may hear a murmur as blood flows through a heart valve that is not opening or closing properly. […] Symptoms of heart valve disease can be different between people. Your symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. […] Even if you do not have any symptoms, heart valve disease still needs treating.
  • #11 Heart Valve Disease: Diagnosis & Treatment | NewYork-Presbyterian
    https://www.nyp.org/heart/heart-valves/treatment
    To find out if you have heart valve disease, your doctor will examine you and ask about your symptoms, medical history, and familys medical history. […] The sound of a heart murmur is a possible sign of a heart valve condition. […] Your doctor may prescribe medicines to treat the symptoms of your heart valve disease and prevent your condition from worsening or treat other conditions that can affect your heart valves. […] At NewYork-Presbyterian we understand the symptoms associated with heart valve conditions and can offer a quick diagnosis and efficient treatment options.
  • #12 Symptoms of valvular heart disease | Heart Valve Center Zurich
    https://www.swiss-heart-valve-center.com/en/heart-valves/symptoms/
    Common signs of aortic valve disease include: Fatigue and reduced performance especially during physical exertion, e.g. climbing stairs, Shortness of breath and faster exhaustion, dizziness after physical exertion, chest tightness. […] Once the symptoms appear, more severe disabilities occur within a few years. Patients may then suffer from shortness of breath even at rest. The most prominent symptoms of diseased mitral valves include: General reduction in performance, Shortness of breath (dyspnoea), mostly dyspnoea on exertion, Cough or irritation of the cough, Acute pulmonary edema, Small, rusty brown blood inclusions (haemoptysis) in the cough sputum, Tachycardic atrial fibrillation with risk of embolism and stroke. […] Tricuspid valve disease normally causes few symptoms. Typical of tricuspid valve disease is blood stasis in the neck veins due to increased pressure in the right atrium, which can lead to pulsatile twitching in the neck. […] Diseases and defects of the heart valves can be asymptomatic. In most cases, however, diseased heart valves sooner or later cause symptoms. […] A heart valve disease only leads to symptoms when the heart can no longer pump enough blood into the body.
  • #13 Types of Heart Valve Problems & Symptopms | Vital Heart & Vein
    https://vitalheartandvein.com/conditions/heart-valve-disease
    Heart valve disease refers to a variety of problems that can occur with heart valves, such as stenosis, regurgitation, prolapse, and atresia. […] Many people with aortic stenosis do not experience noticeable symptoms until the amount of restricted blood flow becomes significantly reduced; however, symptoms include: Breathlessness, Chest pain, pressure, or tightness, Fainting, Palpitations or a feeling of heavy, pounding, or noticeable heartbeats, Decline in activity level or reduced ability to do normal activities requiring mild exertion. […] Symptoms: Palpitations (awareness of the heartbeat), Fluttering discomfort in the chest, Cold skin, Fatigue. […] If PS is mild, there may not be noticeable symptoms. Moderate to severe cases may see the following symptoms: Fatigue, Fainting, Shortness of breath, Abdominal distention, Chest pain or palpitations, Low tolerance for exercise, Poor weight gain or failure to thrive, Bluish tint to skin, especially around the nail beds and lips.
  • #14 Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
    https://patient.info/heart-health/heart-valves-and-valve-disease
    The liver may be enlarged and not function as well; this may cause a build-up of fluid in the abdomen leading to an enlarged abdomen. […] People with mitral stenosis may get flushed cheeks. […] Mild heart valve disease is very common and rarely progresses to heart disease that needs treating. People with mild heart disease do not need to alter their lifestyle – as with everyone, exercise and a healthy diet are recommended. People with moderate to severe heart valve disease should be referred for consideration of surgery or medical management. Some specialists advise repeating an echocardiogram every 3 to 5 years in people with mild heart valve disease.
  • #15 Heart Valve Disease Risks, Signs and Symptoms | American Heart Association
    https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-disease-risks-signs-and-symptoms
    What symptoms do you need to watch for? […] Checking for possible symptoms of valve disease is important. It can be a critical part of deciding on the right treatment or the ideal time for valve surgery. Frequently symptoms can worsen gradually over time, making it important for patients to track any changes. […] It’s important to note that symptoms of valve disease, such as chest pain or palpitations, fatigue, lightheadedness, fainting, shortness of breath and swollen ankles, feet or abdomen can be signs of several conditions. Review the symptoms page to read more about how symptoms can develop gradually.
  • #16 Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease | American Stroke Association
    https://www.stroke.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-disease-risks-signs-and-symptoms/symptoms-of-heart-valve-problems
    Symptoms don’t necessarily determine the seriousness of a person’s valve problems. […] A valve problem can be severe with no symptoms. A valve problem also can be insignificant in terms of leakage but problematic because of the uncomfortable symptoms. It’s important to tell your health care professional any time you notice new or irregular symptoms that may relate to your condition.
  • #17 Heart Valve Disease Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
    https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/heart-valve-disease
    Heart valve disease, also referred to as valvular heart disease, occurs when one or more of your heart valves don’t work properly. […] When a valve does not open or close all the way, blood doesnt move through the hearts chambers the way it should. This can leave you weak and short of breath. […] The symptoms of heart valve disease vary depending on the type of heart valve disease you have, and which valve is affected. Common symptoms may include: […] Symptoms of heart valve disease may resemble other medical conditions. Mild heart valve disease may not cause any symptoms at all. […] In people whose heart valve disease comes on severely and suddenly, symptoms can occur quickly. If your disease develops slowly and your heart has time to adjust, you may barely notice your symptoms. […] If left untreated, valve disease can cause serious complications that could become life-threatening. Its important to talk to your doctor if youre having symptoms of valve disease and follow your doctors treatment recommendations.
  • #18 Symptoms of Valve Disease | Adventist Heart Institute
    https://www.adventistheart.org/valve-disease/symptoms-of-valve-disease/index.html
    If significant symptoms develop suddenly, dont wait to contact your doctor: sudden symptoms can signal fast-developing valve disease that needs prompt treatment. […] Additional signs that may only be detectable through medical exam include heart murmur and enlargement of the liver. Infections affecting the hearts valves may also produce symptoms such as fever.
  • #19 Heart Valve Disorders: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
    https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/valve-disorders
    Some people with a heart valve disorder may not have any symptoms. But if it goes untreated, it can cause heart failure with worsening symptoms over time. […] Symptoms of heart valve disorders vary depending on the severity of the disorder. Usually, the presence of symptoms indicates that the disorder is affecting blood flow. […] Many individuals with mild or moderate heart valve disorders dont experience any symptoms. However, signs and symptoms may include: shortness of breath, heart palpitations, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, headaches, a cough, water retention, which can cause swelling in the lower extremities and abdomen, pulmonary edema, which is caused by excess fluid in the lungs. […] However, in cases of severe disease, corrective surgery can have a major impact on your outlook. Only 40%-60% of people with severe symptomatic aortic valve disease who dont get surgery survive to 3 years after diagnosis. However, 80%-90% of those who do get a valve replacement survive for the same period of time.
  • #20 Overview: Heart valve diseases – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536872/
    Heart valve disease only becomes a problem if the heart can no longer pump enough blood into the body. […] But if a valve is very damaged, the blood builds up in the heart or lungs and ultimately in all of the blood vessels. This leads to symptoms such as the following: Weakness, drop in performance, Swelling (edema), particularly in the lower legs, An irregular, fast or slow pulse, Shortness of breath and coughing, particularly at night, Chest tightness and chest pain, Fainting. […] The heart can often compensate for a narrowed or leaky valve over years or even decades. But the heart muscle has to work harder. This makes it grow thicker and the heart becomes enlarged. If the heart has to work harder over a long period of time, it can’t return to its normal size and the problem gets worse. The thickened heart muscle is less elastic, the ventricles become worn out and the heart is weaker overall. At first this only causes noticeable symptoms during strenuous physical activities, but eventually the symptoms occur at rest too. If the heart becomes very weak, it can lead to life-threatening heart failure (cardiac insufficiency).
  • #21 Overview: Heart valve diseases – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536872/
    Heart valve problems may get so bad that the heart can no longer pump enough blood around the body despite working as hard as it can. This leads to a vicious circle: Because the heart no longer gets enough blood itself, it can soon become weak. If the heart can’t pump enough oxygen-rich blood around the body, its known as heart failure. […] Damaged heart valves can also lead to an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). […] People may develop lung problems too because the blood starts building up there. This can result in high blood pressure in the lungs or a build-up of fluid in the lung tissue (pulmonary edema). Both of these conditions cause severe breathing difficulties.
  • #22 Mitral valve disease – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20355107
    Some people with mitral valve disease might not have symptoms for many years, if at all. […] Symptoms of mitral valve disease can include: […] Fatigue. […] Irregular heartbeat. […] Shortness of breath. […] Treatment for mitral valve disease depends on the severity of the condition and whether it is worsening. […] In mitral valve regurgitation, the flaps don’t close tightly. Blood flows backward when the valve is closed, making it harder for the heart to work properly. […] In mitral valve stenosis, the valve opening narrows. The heart now must work harder to force blood through the smaller valve opening. If the opening in the valve becomes small enough, it can reduce blood flow between the left heart chambers. […] Mitral valve disease can cause many complications. Severe mitral valve regurgitation, for example, causes the heart to work harder, which can cause the left ventricle to enlarge and the heart muscle to weaken.
  • #23
    https://www.healthxchange.sg/heart-lungs/heart-disease/acquired-heart-valve-disease-symptoms-tiredness-chest-pain-swelling-legs
    Acquired Heart Valve Disease Symptoms: Tiredness, Chest Pain, Swelling in Legs […] Symptoms include shortness of breath, tiredness, chest pain, fainting spells and swelling in the legs. Initially, patients may find walking okay, but running more difficult. They may take longer to walk to the market and experience difficulty in climbing stairs, said Prof Yeo. […] However, although it is a condition that is predominantly age-related, heart valves can wear out due to other causes such as infection, heart attacks and high blood pressure as well. […] As the valves are now tight, blood has problems travelling through or exiting the heart chambers. In aortic stenosis, the blood dams or cannot move forward. The heart has to pump harder and eventually weakens, causing the left lower chamber, also known as the left ventricle, to swell and eventually fail.
  • #24
    https://www.healthxchange.sg/heart-lungs/heart-disease/acquired-heart-valve-disease-symptoms-tiredness-chest-pain-swelling-legs
    This affects the blood flow returning from the lungs, and patients will experience breathlessness from water building up in their lungs. In cases when the mitral valve (the heart valve between the left upper and lower chambers) is leaking, the left lower chamber of the heart keeps pumping harder to cope with the leakage of blood. Its like carrying a pail of water thats leaking; the heart chamber keeps leaking and the leaking valve makes it take longer for the heart to fill, said Prof Yeo. So the heart will weaken and swell, and eventually fail.
  • #25 About Heart Valve Disease | Heart Disease | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-valve-disease.html
    If the heart valves are diseased, the heart can’t effectively pump blood throughout the body and has to work harder to pump, either while the blood is leaking back into the chamber or against a narrowed opening. This can lead to heart failure, sudden cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating), and death. […] As with any heart condition, continued care and regular screenings to monitor disease progression are needed for people who are living with heart valve disease.
  • #26 Valvular heart disease | Heart and Stroke Foundation
    https://www.heartandstroke.ca/heart-disease/conditions/valvular-heart-disease
    Many people do not notice any symptoms until their blood flow has been significantly reduced by valvular heart disease. Symptoms can include: […] Chest discomfort, pressure or tightness (angina) along the front of your body between your neck and upper abdomen. […] Palpitations (irregular or rapid heartbeats caused by problems with the heart’s electrical system) can sometimes be a symptom of valvular heart disease. Your heart may be working harder. That can cause your heart to enlarge and affect normal heart rhythm, leading to arrhythmia. […] Shortness of breath especially when you are active. Valvular heart disease reduces the amount of oxygen available to fuel your body and that causes breathlessness. […] Fatigue or weakness. You may find it harder to do routine activities such as walking or housework.
  • #27 Heart valve disease
    https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-valve-disease/
    If you have symptoms or have severe heart valve disease, you may need medicines to lower your blood pressure and help protect your heart, reduce build-up of fluid in your body and lungs, slow down your heart rate, reduce the risk of blood clots. […] Heart valve disease affects people differently. It’s common to have mild heart valve disease that does not cause any issues, but for some people it can lead to serious health problems. […] It’s important to get advice from a heart specialist if you’re pregnant or want to get pregnant. Pregnancy can make heart valve disease symptoms worse.
  • #28
    https://www.wregional.com/main/cardiovascular-thoracic-surgery-clinic-articles/heart-valve-disease-warning-signs-and-treatment-op-1
    Without treatment, prognosis of severe valve disease is very poor, explains Dr. Russell Wood, a cardiovascular and thoracic surgeon who practices at Washington Regional Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Clinic, part of the Walker Heart Institute. For instance, once someone is diagnosed with symptomatic aortic stenosis, their life expectancy without treatment is less than two years. With treatment, their life expectancy completely normalizes. […] Symptoms may be barely noticeable even for severe valve problems or strong symptoms may occur suddenly. Because the warning signs are unpredictable, its important to tell your health care provider any time you notice new or worsening symptoms such as: […] If a patient is having shortness of breath, or worsening shortness of breath, or chest pain or lightheadedness, they should call their primary care provider immediately, Dr. Cole says. There are many causes for such symptoms, he explains, but if the primary care provider suspects a heart valve problem, the next step may be an echocardiogram or ultrasound of the heart.
  • #29 Am I at risk for heart valve disease? | The University of Vermont Health Network
    https://www.uvmhealth.org/healthsource/am-i-risk-heart-valve-disease
    For 90 percent of people, their breathing improves within days of the procedure, and we want to confirm that. If, for some reason, their breathing is not better by one month that means something else is going on and we need to investigate other problems that might cause shortness of breath, like blocked heart arteries or lung disease or anemia. […] The risks are very similar to the risks of TAVR. And, very similarly, 80% of patients will have significant improvement in their breathing by the time we see them again in 30 days.
  • #30 Heart valve disease can be successfully treated and perhaps preventable | Bangkok Heart Hospital
    https://www.bangkokhospital.com/en/bangkok-heart/content/heart-valve-disease-can-be-successfully-treated-and-perhaps-preventable
    Among four valves, mitral valve and aortic valve (left side of the heart) are the most common heart valve conditions due to high blood pressure that is required for pumping the blood to the whole body. High blood pressure is associated with increased risks of heart valve damages during each heartbeat. Heart valve regurgitation, or leaking heart valve refers to the condition when the valve flaps do not close properly, causing blood to leak backward in the heart. This commonly occurs due to valve flaps bulge back. it is a common disease found in the elderly, rather than children. […] This is a common cause of valvular degeneration. Due to advanced age, specially in patients aged over 40, valves can be degenerated and weakened. As a consequence, valves do not properly close or open. It commonly leads to heart valve regurgitation.
  • #31 Leaky Heart Valve: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments
    https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/leaky-heart-valve/
    Its not just your back, legs and joints that become less limber as you age. Tissues in the heart can also endure some wear and tear over the years, causing them to become stiffer. […] In some people, these changes can lead to a common cardiac condition known as a leaky heart valve, and if left unchecked, it can become serious, even leading to heart failure. […] Heres what you need to know about leaky heart valves, including the warning signs that could signal your ticker is in trouble. […] 6 warning signs of a leaky heart valve: Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Shortness of breath, Swelling in the legs and feet, Coughing, Chest pain or pressure. […] According to the Mayo Clinic, an estimated 10 percent of adults over the age of 75 have the most common type of leaky heart valve, known as mitral valve regurgitation, which occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly.
  • #32 Five SIgns That Could Mean You Have Heart Valve Disease
    https://yrmchealthconnect.org/dont-ignore-these-symptoms-of-heart-valve-disease/
    The good news is that heart valve disease is treatable. Medications to lower high blood pressure or high cholesterol may be prescribed. Lifestyle changes – giving up smoking, eating a heart-healthy diet, getting regular physical exercise and aiming for your optimal weight – can slow the progress of heart valve disease. […] Heart valve disease is a structural problem that requires surgery. Once there’s a heart valve disease diagnosis, the solution is to remove that roadblock with heart valve surgery.
  • #33 Heart Valve Disease Causes, Symptoms, Treatments
    https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/heart-valve-disease
    Early diagnosis and treatment of heart valve disease can improve your long-term outcomes and survival rate. […] Your life expectancy will depend on your age and overall health, how severe your symptoms are, how fast your condition progresses, and the type of treatment you have. Your doctor will discuss your life expectancy with you.
  • #34 Valvular Heart Disease – Premier Medical Group
    https://www.premiermedicalhv.com/divisions/services/valvular-heart-disease/
    Symptoms of valvular stenosis include fatigue, fainting, dizziness, shortness of breath, and chest pain. […] Symptoms of bicuspid aortic valve disease include fainting, dizziness, shortness of breath under exertion, and chest pain. […] Valvular heart disease is not a universal experience, and the severity of cases varies from patient to patient. Mild cases of valvular heart disease will often present no symptoms. They can also have very little impact on the patients life. Some people can have valvular heart disease without ever knowing of their condition. […] However, more severe valvular heart disease can cause disruptive symptoms. Untreated valvular heart disease can result in serious health ramifications. Treatment and outlook for people with valvular heart disease differ based on the type and severity of valvular heart disease. Patients with valvular heart disease should expect a healthy life expectancy, and quality of life, if their treatment plan includes the necessary maintenance, medication, or surgery.
  • #35 Heart Valve Disease Symptoms & Treatment in Kankakee, IL Riverside Healthcare
    https://www.riversidehealthcare.org/services/heart-vascular-institute/conditions-we-treat/valve-disease
    One of the most common and serious diseases of the heart valves, called aortic stenosis (AS), affects about 1.5 million Americans. Many people dont have symptoms, but those with severe AS who fail to replace a bad valve have a roughly 50 percent chance of dying within two to three years. […] Heart valve diseases become more common with age and can decrease your energy and increase your risk for serious health problems. […] AS doesnt always cause symptoms, but speak with your doctor if you develop any of the following: Shortness of breath, Chest pain, pressure or tightness, Fainting, Palpitations, or sensation of pounding or fluttering in your chest, Lack of energy. […] Symptoms include shortness of breath, lack of energy and palpitations. […] Shortness of breath is a common symptom. […] Most people with mitral valve prolapse never know it, but the condition can cause symptoms such as chest pain, palpitations, headaches and dizziness.
  • #36 Valve Conditions | WakeMed
    https://www.wakemed.org/care-and-services/heart-vascular-care/cardiovascular-surgery/valve-conditions
    Some people with heart valve conditions experience no symptoms at all, or they simply dont realize they are having symptoms because they come on slowly. […] In people who do experience symptoms of valve conditions, they may include: Heart murmur, Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Heart palpitations, Chest pain, Loss of consciousness. […] The most important symptom to watch for is a change in the way you feel when going about your normal activities. A subtle change, shortness of breath or unusual feeling when doing your everyday things is a signal from your body that its time to see your doctor. […] The most important symptom for an adult to watch for is a change in the way you feel when going about your normal activities. That may be shortness of breath after a routine 30-minute run. Its a subtle change or unusual feeling when are doing everyday usual things that signals its time to go see your doctor. Always listen to your body. No matter what your age, if doing your normal activities leave you short of breath or just feeling not quite right, see your cardiologist to make sure all is fine.
  • #37 Am I at risk for heart valve disease? | The University of Vermont Health Network
    https://www.uvmhealth.org/healthsource/am-i-risk-heart-valve-disease
    According to the American Heart Association, about five million Americans are diagnosed with heart valve disease each year. […] As these valves start to wear and tear they either block and get clogged like your kitchen drain so that just like in your sink, the water cant get out the blood cant get out. Or, they wear and tear and they get leaky, and everything starts backing up in the wrong direction. Either of these problems usually leads to syndromes like shortness of breath, chest pressure, and can be fatal if they progress too far. […] The most common symptom is shortness of breath. They didnt feel short of breath a year ago when they went up flights of stairs. Over time, they might start a process of restricting their climbing of stairs or walking to get to the mailbox, instead sending someone else. They have decreased activity tolerance, more shortness of breath, and theyll eventually present to their primary care doctor and then, hopefully, a cardiologist as a next step to evaluate why theyre more short of breath. A valve blockage or leak is one of the possible causes.
  • #38 Types of Heart Valve Problems & Symptopms | Vital Heart & Vein
    https://vitalheartandvein.com/conditions/heart-valve-disease
    For some patients, symptoms may be unnoticeable or minimal for years. However, mild problems can suddenly worsen. See your doctor if you have the following symptoms: Shortness of breath, Fatigue, Swollen feet or legs, Heart palpitations, Dizziness or fainting, Heavy coughing, sometimes with blood-tinged sputum, Chest discomfort or pain, Severe headache, trouble speaking, or other symptoms of stroke. […] Symptoms can include: Shortness of breath, Coughing, Swelling of the legs and feet, Heart murmur, Fatigue. […] A small number of people experience symptoms along with the condition. For those people, the symptoms can include: Chest pain, Dizziness, Fatigue, Palpitations (sensation of feeling heartbeats), Shortness of breath.
  • #39 Symptoms – Heart Valve Voice
    https://heartvalvevoice.com/heart-valve-disease/symptoms/
    Aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation are among the most prevalent types of heart valve disease. Symptoms of Heart Valve Disease Include: Shortness of breath, Chest tightness or pain, Fatigue, Light-headedness, dizziness, or fainting, Difficulty with physical activities, Feeling unusually old or worn out. At Age 65+, experiencing breathlessness, chest pain, or dizziness isn’t necessarily a normal part of ageing; these could be signs of heart valve disease. If you encounter any of these symptoms, schedule an appointment with your GP and request a simple stethoscope examination. Asymptomatic Cases: Some individuals with heart valve disease may not experience noticeable symptoms and can remain asymptomatic. Regular health checkups and annual stethoscope evaluations are crucial for the early detection of heart valve issues. Emergency Situations: For severe symptoms, such as chest pain or collapse, call 999 immediately for emergency medical assistance. For milder symptoms, arrange a stethoscope check with your GP. Even mild symptoms can indicate a serious condition, so a professional evaluation is essential for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Understanding Symptoms: The heart’s primary role is to pump oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. When heart valves malfunction, they impede the proper flow of blood, depriving your body of the oxygen it needs, which leads to the symptoms associated with heart valve disease.
  • #40 Signs of Heart Valve Disease %%sep%% New Heart Valve New Zealand
    https://global.newheartvalve.com/nz/understand-your-heart/heart-valve-disease/
    Heart valve disease can cause the blood flow from your heart to your body to be disrupted. If your body is not getting enough oxygen this can lead to some of these typical symptoms: Shortness of breath, Chest pain, Fatigue (low energy), Lightheadedness, feeling dizzy, and/or fainting, Difficulty when exercising, Swollen ankles and feet, Rapid or irregular heartbeat. […] The symptoms of heart valve disease are commonly misunderstood by patients as normal signs of aging. […] One serious type of heart valve disease is called aortic stenosis (or aortic valve stenosis). This is the most common type of heart valve disease in the elderly. The condition means your aortic valve cannot fully open and close like it should, and over time, this can become life-threatening. Studies have shown that while many patients initially report no symptoms, after closer examination, 37% do have symptoms.