Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Agoraphobia in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/agoraphobia-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-and-diagnosis/print

  Agoraphobia is defined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) as fear or anxiety about and/or avoidance of situations where help may not be available or where it may be difficult to leave the situation in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms. Patterns of agoraphobic avoidance may range from just a few situations (eg, driving and crowds) to multiple situations. In severe cases, the individual becomes housebound, rarely leaving the house and, if so, only when accompanied. […] The presence of agoraphobia is associated with significant impairment in functioning, degree of disability, and unemployment. The disorder is treatable with various forms of cognitive behavioral treatment and antidepressant medication. More severe cases of agoraphobia may pose treatment challenges. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis of agoraphobia in adults are reviewed here.

• #2 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.30773/pi.2020.0342

  Current nosology redefined agoraphobia as an autonomous diagnosis distinct from panic disorder. […] We investigated the lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia, its association with other mental disorders, and its impact on the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). […] In the sample, 35 subjects met the criteria for agoraphobia (1.5%), with greater prevalence among women (2.0%) than men (0.9%): odds ratio (OR) 2.23; 95% CI: 1.0-52. […] Agoraphobia was more often seen among those with (n=26; 1.1%) than without (n=9; 0.4%) panic disorder: OR=8.3; 2.924.4. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence is around 1.3% and the incidence rate is 0.9% with no difference between men and women. […] The new category has made it possible to better define a nonnegligible share of people with agoraphobia without the panic disorder in the general population and to start defining agoraphobia as a disorder per se with a great impact on the wellbeing of the individual regardless of the presence of the concomitance or not of panic disorder.

• #3 Agoraphobia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17292

  The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is approximately 34%, with specific rates including generalized anxiety disorder (6.2%), panic disorder (5.2%), agoraphobia (2.6%), social phobia (13.0%), specific phobia (13.8%), separation anxiety disorder (6.6%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8.0%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (2.7%). Estimates of agoraphobia prevalence vary, as it was only recently recognized as a distinct disorder separate from panic disorder. The 12-month prevalence of agoraphobia is estimated at 1.7%, with the highest rate observed in the 13 to 17 age group (2.0%), and a decline to 0.4% in individuals aged 65 and older. […] A recent study reported a lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia at 0.9% in men and 2.0% in women. Significant comorbidity was observed with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (12%), panic disorder (26%), specific phobia (5%), social phobia (4%), generalized anxiety disorder (7%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (4%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (2%).

• #4 Agoraphobia – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/agoraphobia

  An estimated 0.9% of U.S. adults had agoraphobia in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of agoraphobia among adults was similar for females (0.9%) and males (0.8%). […] An estimated 1.3% of U.S. adults experience agoraphobia at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with agoraphobia in the past year, an estimated 40.6% had serious impairment, 30.7% had moderate impairment, and 28.7% had mild impairment. […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), an estimated 2.4% of adolescents had agoraphobia at some time during their life, and all had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia among adolescents was higher for females (3.4%) than for males (1.4%).

• #5 Qucosa – Technische Universität Dresden: The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe

  https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26823

  A literature search, in addition to expert survey, was performed to estimate the size and burden of panic disorder in the European Union (EU). […] Epidemiological findings are relatively consistent across the EU. The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder and agoraphobia without history of panic were estimated to be 1.8% (0.72.2) and 1.3% (0.72.0) respectively across studies. […] In general health primary care settings, there appears to be substantial underdiagnosis and undertreatment of panic disorder. Moreover, panic disorder and agoraphobia are poorly recognized and rarely treated in mental health settings, despite high health care utilization rates and substantial long-term disability.

• #6 Agoraphobia | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/agoraphobia-pro

  Epidemiological data in the UK are hard to find. A 2021 English study of 7,403 adults looked at psychiatric comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder and found 17.9% of those patients also had a diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] One 2017 study of 65 to 84-year-olds in five European countries and Israel, found agoraphobia to be present in 4.9%. […] Panic disorder is closely related to agoraphobia and has a lifetime prevalence of 1-5%. […] One American study found agoraphobia to be the least common of the anxiety disorders. […] Most studies find a female preponderance in anxiety disorders, but some say males and females are now similarly affected with agoraphobia. […] The most common age of presentation is before 35 years. […] The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder/agoraphobia is about 6%. […] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) states agoraphobia affects 1.7% of the general population.

• #7 Agoraphobia: An Evolving Understanding of Definitions and Treatment – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/agoraphobia-an-evolving-understanding-of-definitions-and-treatment/

  The lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia in the general US population is about 2%, with 1 study showing a higher prevalence (10.4%) in adults older than 65 years. […] Agoraphobia is twice as common in women and is also more disabling in women compared with men. […] During their lifetimes, 87.3% of individuals with agoraphobia will also meet criteria for another psychiatric disorder, including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and substance use disorder. […] The relationship between agoraphobia and panic has gone through some changes and reconceptualization, as evidenced by the diagnostic categories laid out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. […] One of the changes in DSM-5 was that panic disorder and agoraphobia were separated again, and criteria were added to distinguish agoraphobia from specific phobia.

• #8 Agoraphobia | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/agoraphobia-pro

  Epidemiological data in the UK are hard to find. A 2021 English study of 7,403 adults looked at psychiatric comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder and found 17.9% of those patients also had a diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] One 2017 study of 65 to 84-year-olds in five European countries and Israel, found agoraphobia to be present in 4.9%. […] Panic disorder is closely related to agoraphobia and has a lifetime prevalence of 1-5%. […] One American study found agoraphobia to be the least common of the anxiety disorders. […] Most studies find a female preponderance in anxiety disorders, but some say males and females are now similarly affected with agoraphobia. […] The most common age of presentation is before 35 years. […] The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder/agoraphobia is about 6%. […] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) states agoraphobia affects 1.7% of the general population.

• #9 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

  https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/mental-health/national-study-mental-health-and-wellbeing/latest-release

  In 20202022, one in five Australians (21.5% or 4.3 million people) had a 12-month mental disorder: […] 17.2% (3.4 million people) had a 12-month Anxiety disorder […] Agoraphobia (4.5%) […] In 20202022, more than one in six Australians (17.2% or 3.4 million people) aged 1685 years had a 12-month Anxiety disorder: […] 2.9% (6.1%) had a 12-month Agoraphobia

• #10 How Many People Have Agoraphobia? Agoraphobia Statistics 2022

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/agoraphobia/agoraphobia-statistics/

  Agoraphobia statistics show that women, adolescents, young adults and the elderly are at higher risk of experiencing agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia prevalence varies in different populations, but overall, rates are low. […] Women are more likely to have agoraphobia than men, and rates of agoraphobia are highest in adolescents and the elderly. […] The rate of agoraphobia may be as high as 10.4% in individuals over 65. […] The major risk factors for developing late-onset agoraphobia include severe anxiety and major depression. […] The rate of agoraphobia in adolescents aged 13-18 has been estimated to be 2.4%. […] Like adults, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adolescents is twice as high in females than males. […] Agoraphobia often co-occurs with other disorders. […] Panic disorders and agoraphobia can also occur together as a person with a panic disorder is twenty times more likely to also have agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia treatment involves both psychotherapy and medication. […] With treatment, an agoraphobia prognosis is best.

• #11 Agoraphobia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17292

  The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is approximately 34%, with specific rates including generalized anxiety disorder (6.2%), panic disorder (5.2%), agoraphobia (2.6%), social phobia (13.0%), specific phobia (13.8%), separation anxiety disorder (6.6%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8.0%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (2.7%). Estimates of agoraphobia prevalence vary, as it was only recently recognized as a distinct disorder separate from panic disorder. The 12-month prevalence of agoraphobia is estimated at 1.7%, with the highest rate observed in the 13 to 17 age group (2.0%), and a decline to 0.4% in individuals aged 65 and older. […] A recent study reported a lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia at 0.9% in men and 2.0% in women. Significant comorbidity was observed with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (12%), panic disorder (26%), specific phobia (5%), social phobia (4%), generalized anxiety disorder (7%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (4%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (2%).

• #12 Agoraphobia | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/agoraphobia-pro

  Epidemiological data in the UK are hard to find. A 2021 English study of 7,403 adults looked at psychiatric comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder and found 17.9% of those patients also had a diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] One 2017 study of 65 to 84-year-olds in five European countries and Israel, found agoraphobia to be present in 4.9%. […] Panic disorder is closely related to agoraphobia and has a lifetime prevalence of 1-5%. […] One American study found agoraphobia to be the least common of the anxiety disorders. […] Most studies find a female preponderance in anxiety disorders, but some say males and females are now similarly affected with agoraphobia. […] The most common age of presentation is before 35 years. […] The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder/agoraphobia is about 6%. […] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) states agoraphobia affects 1.7% of the general population.

• #13 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.30773/pi.2020.0342

  Current nosology redefined agoraphobia as an autonomous diagnosis distinct from panic disorder. […] We investigated the lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia, its association with other mental disorders, and its impact on the health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). […] In the sample, 35 subjects met the criteria for agoraphobia (1.5%), with greater prevalence among women (2.0%) than men (0.9%): odds ratio (OR) 2.23; 95% CI: 1.0-52. […] Agoraphobia was more often seen among those with (n=26; 1.1%) than without (n=9; 0.4%) panic disorder: OR=8.3; 2.924.4. […] The estimated lifetime prevalence is around 1.3% and the incidence rate is 0.9% with no difference between men and women. […] The new category has made it possible to better define a nonnegligible share of people with agoraphobia without the panic disorder in the general population and to start defining agoraphobia as a disorder per se with a great impact on the wellbeing of the individual regardless of the presence of the concomitance or not of panic disorder.

• #14 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.30773/pi.2020.0342

  The overall lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia was of 35 cases out of 2338 people (1.5%). […] The prevalence was 0.9% in men 2.0% in women (OR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.05.2), no differences were found according to age distribution. […] The cases of agoraphobia with panic disorder have higher lifetime prevalence than those without panic disorder (1.1% vs. 0.4% OR=8.3; 2.924.4). […] The co-morbidity with anxiety disorders, major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder was perfectly superimposable in cases of agoraphobia with or without panic disorder. […] The mean score of SF-12 in people with agoraphobia was 35.27.8, with similar levels of HR-QoL in people with (n=26) or without panic disorder (n=9): 35.37.9 vs. 34.87.3. […] Overall, agoraphobia showed an attributable burden comparable to that observed for the other investigated disorders.

• #15 Agoraphobia – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/agoraphobia

  An estimated 0.9% of U.S. adults had agoraphobia in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of agoraphobia among adults was similar for females (0.9%) and males (0.8%). […] An estimated 1.3% of U.S. adults experience agoraphobia at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with agoraphobia in the past year, an estimated 40.6% had serious impairment, 30.7% had moderate impairment, and 28.7% had mild impairment. […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), an estimated 2.4% of adolescents had agoraphobia at some time during their life, and all had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia among adolescents was higher for females (3.4%) than for males (1.4%).

• #16 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Agoraphobia-Epidemiology.aspx

  Agoraphobia is based on a fear of situations grouped into five categories. […] The lifetime prevalence rate for agoraphobia with panic disorder is 1.1 percent. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia without panic disorder is about 0.8 percent. […] In one study, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adults over 55 was 0.61 percent. […] The rate of comorbidity of agoraphobia with other anxiety disorders ranges from 49 to 60 percent, and with depressive disorders it is 33.1 to 52 percent. […] The median age of onset for agoraphobia is 20 years. […] The disorder typically does not remit without treatment. […] Heritability of agoraphobia is estimated at between 48 and 61 percent, meaning the genetic contribution is moderate with contributions from environmental factors being influential.

• #17 Agoraphobia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17292

  The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is approximately 34%, with specific rates including generalized anxiety disorder (6.2%), panic disorder (5.2%), agoraphobia (2.6%), social phobia (13.0%), specific phobia (13.8%), separation anxiety disorder (6.6%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8.0%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (2.7%). Estimates of agoraphobia prevalence vary, as it was only recently recognized as a distinct disorder separate from panic disorder. The 12-month prevalence of agoraphobia is estimated at 1.7%, with the highest rate observed in the 13 to 17 age group (2.0%), and a decline to 0.4% in individuals aged 65 and older. […] A recent study reported a lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia at 0.9% in men and 2.0% in women. Significant comorbidity was observed with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (12%), panic disorder (26%), specific phobia (5%), social phobia (4%), generalized anxiety disorder (7%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (4%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (2%).

• #18 Pulsenotes | Agoraphobia

  https://app.pulsenotes.com/specialities/psychiatry/notes/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is more commonly seen in women. It is estimated that agoraphobia affects 1.7% of adults. It often begins in early adulthood, with the average age of onset being 17 years. Most cases of agoraphobia present before the age of 35 years. It is thought to be twice as common in females compared to males. […] Agoraphobia is characterised by a marked fear or anxiety about specific situations, wherein the presence of panic-like or incapacitating symptoms, provokes thoughts of being difficult to escape or where help might not be available. […] In agoraphobia, panic attacks tend to be predictable and occur in the context of the avoided situation that differs from panic disorder.

• #19 Agoraphobia | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/agoraphobia-pro

  Epidemiological data in the UK are hard to find. A 2021 English study of 7,403 adults looked at psychiatric comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder and found 17.9% of those patients also had a diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] One 2017 study of 65 to 84-year-olds in five European countries and Israel, found agoraphobia to be present in 4.9%. […] Panic disorder is closely related to agoraphobia and has a lifetime prevalence of 1-5%. […] One American study found agoraphobia to be the least common of the anxiety disorders. […] Most studies find a female preponderance in anxiety disorders, but some say males and females are now similarly affected with agoraphobia. […] The most common age of presentation is before 35 years. […] The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder/agoraphobia is about 6%. […] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) states agoraphobia affects 1.7% of the general population.

• #20 How Many People Have Agoraphobia? Agoraphobia Statistics 2022

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/agoraphobia/agoraphobia-statistics/

  Agoraphobia statistics show that women, adolescents, young adults and the elderly are at higher risk of experiencing agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia prevalence varies in different populations, but overall, rates are low. […] Women are more likely to have agoraphobia than men, and rates of agoraphobia are highest in adolescents and the elderly. […] The rate of agoraphobia may be as high as 10.4% in individuals over 65. […] The major risk factors for developing late-onset agoraphobia include severe anxiety and major depression. […] The rate of agoraphobia in adolescents aged 13-18 has been estimated to be 2.4%. […] Like adults, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adolescents is twice as high in females than males. […] Agoraphobia often co-occurs with other disorders. […] Panic disorders and agoraphobia can also occur together as a person with a panic disorder is twenty times more likely to also have agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia treatment involves both psychotherapy and medication. […] With treatment, an agoraphobia prognosis is best.

• #21 Agoraphobia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17292

  The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is approximately 34%, with specific rates including generalized anxiety disorder (6.2%), panic disorder (5.2%), agoraphobia (2.6%), social phobia (13.0%), specific phobia (13.8%), separation anxiety disorder (6.6%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8.0%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (2.7%). Estimates of agoraphobia prevalence vary, as it was only recently recognized as a distinct disorder separate from panic disorder. The 12-month prevalence of agoraphobia is estimated at 1.7%, with the highest rate observed in the 13 to 17 age group (2.0%), and a decline to 0.4% in individuals aged 65 and older. […] A recent study reported a lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia at 0.9% in men and 2.0% in women. Significant comorbidity was observed with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (12%), panic disorder (26%), specific phobia (5%), social phobia (4%), generalized anxiety disorder (7%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (4%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (2%).

• #22 How Many People Have Agoraphobia? Agoraphobia Statistics 2022

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/agoraphobia/agoraphobia-statistics/

  Agoraphobia statistics show that women, adolescents, young adults and the elderly are at higher risk of experiencing agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia prevalence varies in different populations, but overall, rates are low. […] Women are more likely to have agoraphobia than men, and rates of agoraphobia are highest in adolescents and the elderly. […] The rate of agoraphobia may be as high as 10.4% in individuals over 65. […] The major risk factors for developing late-onset agoraphobia include severe anxiety and major depression. […] The rate of agoraphobia in adolescents aged 13-18 has been estimated to be 2.4%. […] Like adults, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adolescents is twice as high in females than males. […] Agoraphobia often co-occurs with other disorders. […] Panic disorders and agoraphobia can also occur together as a person with a panic disorder is twenty times more likely to also have agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia treatment involves both psychotherapy and medication. […] With treatment, an agoraphobia prognosis is best.

• #23 Agoraphobia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17292

  The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is approximately 34%, with specific rates including generalized anxiety disorder (6.2%), panic disorder (5.2%), agoraphobia (2.6%), social phobia (13.0%), specific phobia (13.8%), separation anxiety disorder (6.6%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8.0%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (2.7%). Estimates of agoraphobia prevalence vary, as it was only recently recognized as a distinct disorder separate from panic disorder. The 12-month prevalence of agoraphobia is estimated at 1.7%, with the highest rate observed in the 13 to 17 age group (2.0%), and a decline to 0.4% in individuals aged 65 and older. […] A recent study reported a lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia at 0.9% in men and 2.0% in women. Significant comorbidity was observed with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (12%), panic disorder (26%), specific phobia (5%), social phobia (4%), generalized anxiety disorder (7%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (4%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (2%).

• #24 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Agoraphobia-Epidemiology.aspx

  Agoraphobia is based on a fear of situations grouped into five categories. […] The lifetime prevalence rate for agoraphobia with panic disorder is 1.1 percent. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia without panic disorder is about 0.8 percent. […] In one study, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adults over 55 was 0.61 percent. […] The rate of comorbidity of agoraphobia with other anxiety disorders ranges from 49 to 60 percent, and with depressive disorders it is 33.1 to 52 percent. […] The median age of onset for agoraphobia is 20 years. […] The disorder typically does not remit without treatment. […] Heritability of agoraphobia is estimated at between 48 and 61 percent, meaning the genetic contribution is moderate with contributions from environmental factors being influential.

• #25 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Agoraphobia-Epidemiology.aspx

  Agoraphobia is based on a fear of situations grouped into five categories. […] The lifetime prevalence rate for agoraphobia with panic disorder is 1.1 percent. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia without panic disorder is about 0.8 percent. […] In one study, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adults over 55 was 0.61 percent. […] The rate of comorbidity of agoraphobia with other anxiety disorders ranges from 49 to 60 percent, and with depressive disorders it is 33.1 to 52 percent. […] The median age of onset for agoraphobia is 20 years. […] The disorder typically does not remit without treatment. […] Heritability of agoraphobia is estimated at between 48 and 61 percent, meaning the genetic contribution is moderate with contributions from environmental factors being influential.

• #26 Agoraphobia: An Evolving Understanding of Definitions and Treatment – Psychiatry Advisor

  https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/features/agoraphobia-an-evolving-understanding-of-definitions-and-treatment/

  The lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia in the general US population is about 2%, with 1 study showing a higher prevalence (10.4%) in adults older than 65 years. […] Agoraphobia is twice as common in women and is also more disabling in women compared with men. […] During their lifetimes, 87.3% of individuals with agoraphobia will also meet criteria for another psychiatric disorder, including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and substance use disorder. […] The relationship between agoraphobia and panic has gone through some changes and reconceptualization, as evidenced by the diagnostic categories laid out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. […] One of the changes in DSM-5 was that panic disorder and agoraphobia were separated again, and criteria were added to distinguish agoraphobia from specific phobia.

• #27 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that can trigger intense fear in situations where escape may be difficult or help is hard to access. […] Agoraphobia can develop at any age, but the symptoms usually appear at around 25-35 years of age, and they affect females more often than males. […] The DSM-5 reports that 30-50% of people with agoraphobia had a panic disorder diagnosis or panic attacks before the agoraphobia symptoms arose. […] To diagnose agoraphobia, a healthcare professional will interview the person and ask about their symptoms. […] The DSM-5 considers agoraphobia to be persistent and chronic if a person does not receive treatment. For many, it is a lifelong condition. However, treatment can help people manage the symptoms.

• #28 How Many People Have Agoraphobia? Agoraphobia Statistics 2022

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/agoraphobia/agoraphobia-statistics/

  Agoraphobia statistics show that women, adolescents, young adults and the elderly are at higher risk of experiencing agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia prevalence varies in different populations, but overall, rates are low. […] Women are more likely to have agoraphobia than men, and rates of agoraphobia are highest in adolescents and the elderly. […] The rate of agoraphobia may be as high as 10.4% in individuals over 65. […] The major risk factors for developing late-onset agoraphobia include severe anxiety and major depression. […] The rate of agoraphobia in adolescents aged 13-18 has been estimated to be 2.4%. […] Like adults, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adolescents is twice as high in females than males. […] Agoraphobia often co-occurs with other disorders. […] Panic disorders and agoraphobia can also occur together as a person with a panic disorder is twenty times more likely to also have agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia treatment involves both psychotherapy and medication. […] With treatment, an agoraphobia prognosis is best.

• #29 Agoraphobia Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5969602/agoraphobia-market-epidemiology-industry?srsltid=AfmBOoprAUmHGtKqvl-gDGx6GHdV-rzNUaetk157PXLJ6BnG9pJr-8Qt

  The 7 major agoraphobia markets reached a value of US$ 461.5 Million in 2023. Looking forward, the publisher expects the 7MM to reach US$ 814.4 Million by 2034, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.51% during 2023-2034. […] The increasing prevalence of anxiety and panic disorders is primarily driving the agoraphobia market. […] This report provides an exhaustive analysis of the agoraphobia market in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan. This includes treatment practices, in-market, and pipeline drugs, share of individual therapies, market performance across the seven major markets, market performance of key companies and their drugs, etc. […] According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for agoraphobia and also represents the largest market for its treatment.

• #30 Agoraphobia Market Size, Drugs, Trends & Forecast 2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/agoraphobia-market

  The agoraphobia market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARC’s new report titled „Agoraphobia Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034”. Agoraphobia refers to an anxiety disorder characterized by a persistent and intense fear of situations or places where escape might be difficult, embarrassing, or impossible. […] The increasing prevalence of anxiety and panic disorders is primarily driving the agoraphobia market. […] IMARC Group’s new report provides an exhaustive analysis of the agoraphobia market in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan. This includes treatment practices, in-market, and pipeline drugs, share of individual therapies, market performance across the seven major markets, market performance of key companies and their drugs, etc.

• #31 Agoraphobia | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/agoraphobia-pro

  Epidemiological data in the UK are hard to find. A 2021 English study of 7,403 adults looked at psychiatric comorbidity in post-traumatic stress disorder and found 17.9% of those patients also had a diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] One 2017 study of 65 to 84-year-olds in five European countries and Israel, found agoraphobia to be present in 4.9%. […] Panic disorder is closely related to agoraphobia and has a lifetime prevalence of 1-5%. […] One American study found agoraphobia to be the least common of the anxiety disorders. […] Most studies find a female preponderance in anxiety disorders, but some say males and females are now similarly affected with agoraphobia. […] The most common age of presentation is before 35 years. […] The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder/agoraphobia is about 6%. […] The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) states agoraphobia affects 1.7% of the general population.

• #32 Qucosa – Technische Universität Dresden: The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe

  https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26823

  A literature search, in addition to expert survey, was performed to estimate the size and burden of panic disorder in the European Union (EU). […] Epidemiological findings are relatively consistent across the EU. The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder and agoraphobia without history of panic were estimated to be 1.8% (0.72.2) and 1.3% (0.72.0) respectively across studies. […] In general health primary care settings, there appears to be substantial underdiagnosis and undertreatment of panic disorder. Moreover, panic disorder and agoraphobia are poorly recognized and rarely treated in mental health settings, despite high health care utilization rates and substantial long-term disability.

• #33 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, 2020-2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics

  https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/mental-health/national-study-mental-health-and-wellbeing/latest-release

  In 20202022, one in five Australians (21.5% or 4.3 million people) had a 12-month mental disorder: […] 17.2% (3.4 million people) had a 12-month Anxiety disorder […] Agoraphobia (4.5%) […] In 20202022, more than one in six Australians (17.2% or 3.4 million people) aged 1685 years had a 12-month Anxiety disorder: […] 2.9% (6.1%) had a 12-month Agoraphobia

• #34 Phobic Disorders: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288016-overview

  The prevalence of social anxiety disorder in the United States is higher in American Indians and lower in persons of Asian, Latino, African American, and Afro-Caribbean descent as compared with non-Hispanic white individuals. Prevalence figures for specific phobia and agoraphobia appear not to vary substantially across cultural or racial groups.

• #35 Agoraphobia in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/agoraphobia-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-and-diagnosis

  Agoraphobia in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis of agoraphobia in adults are reviewed here. […] The presence of agoraphobia is associated with significant impairment in functioning, degree of disability, and unemployment. […] Although the likelihood of agoraphobia is increased when panic symptoms are present, agoraphobia can occur alone or concurrently with panic disorder.

• #36 Agoraphobia in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/agoraphobia-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-and-diagnosis/print

  Agoraphobia is defined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) as fear or anxiety about and/or avoidance of situations where help may not be available or where it may be difficult to leave the situation in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms. Patterns of agoraphobic avoidance may range from just a few situations (eg, driving and crowds) to multiple situations. In severe cases, the individual becomes housebound, rarely leaving the house and, if so, only when accompanied. […] The presence of agoraphobia is associated with significant impairment in functioning, degree of disability, and unemployment. The disorder is treatable with various forms of cognitive behavioral treatment and antidepressant medication. More severe cases of agoraphobia may pose treatment challenges. […] The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis of agoraphobia in adults are reviewed here.

• #37 Agoraphobia – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/agoraphobia

  An estimated 0.9% of U.S. adults had agoraphobia in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of agoraphobia among adults was similar for females (0.9%) and males (0.8%). […] An estimated 1.3% of U.S. adults experience agoraphobia at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with agoraphobia in the past year, an estimated 40.6% had serious impairment, 30.7% had moderate impairment, and 28.7% had mild impairment. […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), an estimated 2.4% of adolescents had agoraphobia at some time during their life, and all had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia among adolescents was higher for females (3.4%) than for males (1.4%).

• #38 Agoraphobia – National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

  https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/agoraphobia

  An estimated 0.9% of U.S. adults had agoraphobia in the past year. […] Past year prevalence of agoraphobia among adults was similar for females (0.9%) and males (0.8%). […] An estimated 1.3% of U.S. adults experience agoraphobia at some time in their lives. […] Of adults with agoraphobia in the past year, an estimated 40.6% had serious impairment, 30.7% had moderate impairment, and 28.7% had mild impairment. […] Based on diagnostic interview data from National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), an estimated 2.4% of adolescents had agoraphobia at some time during their life, and all had severe impairment. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia among adolescents was higher for females (3.4%) than for males (1.4%).

• #39 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.30773/pi.2020.0342

  The overall lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia was of 35 cases out of 2338 people (1.5%). […] The prevalence was 0.9% in men 2.0% in women (OR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.05.2), no differences were found according to age distribution. […] The cases of agoraphobia with panic disorder have higher lifetime prevalence than those without panic disorder (1.1% vs. 0.4% OR=8.3; 2.924.4). […] The co-morbidity with anxiety disorders, major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder was perfectly superimposable in cases of agoraphobia with or without panic disorder. […] The mean score of SF-12 in people with agoraphobia was 35.27.8, with similar levels of HR-QoL in people with (n=26) or without panic disorder (n=9): 35.37.9 vs. 34.87.3. […] Overall, agoraphobia showed an attributable burden comparable to that observed for the other investigated disorders.

• #40 How Many People Have Agoraphobia? Agoraphobia Statistics 2022

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/agoraphobia/agoraphobia-statistics/

  Agoraphobia statistics show that women, adolescents, young adults and the elderly are at higher risk of experiencing agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia prevalence varies in different populations, but overall, rates are low. […] Women are more likely to have agoraphobia than men, and rates of agoraphobia are highest in adolescents and the elderly. […] The rate of agoraphobia may be as high as 10.4% in individuals over 65. […] The major risk factors for developing late-onset agoraphobia include severe anxiety and major depression. […] The rate of agoraphobia in adolescents aged 13-18 has been estimated to be 2.4%. […] Like adults, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adolescents is twice as high in females than males. […] Agoraphobia often co-occurs with other disorders. […] Panic disorders and agoraphobia can also occur together as a person with a panic disorder is twenty times more likely to also have agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia treatment involves both psychotherapy and medication. […] With treatment, an agoraphobia prognosis is best.

• #41 Is agoraphobia genetic?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/genetic-basis-of-agoraphobia

  The Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) states that genetic influences play an essential role in the development of agoraphobia. This means there is a high hereditary or genetic risk factor, and those with parents/relatives with agoraphobia are 61% more likely to get agoraphobia. […] Panic disorder, another type of anxiety disorder, is a condition that affects 1.2-8.4% of the population, with females being affected twice as frequently as males. The average age of onset for panic disorder is 25. This condition is one of the more familial diseases in psychiatry, with two-thirds of cases having relatives affected by the same condition. The risk to first-degree relatives is approximately three to four times the general population’s rate. […] Limited twin studies have looked at identical twins with anxiety disorder versus fraternal twins show that identical twins have a 20-39% likelihood of having an anxiety disorder if their twin has it. This likelihood is much lower in fraternal twins at 0-4%, showing an apparent genetic predisposition. […] While agoraphobia can be a genetic disorder, the condition might not fully develop until late adolescence or early adulthood. The usual onset is between the ages of 25 and 30.

• #42 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Agoraphobia-Epidemiology.aspx

  Agoraphobia is based on a fear of situations grouped into five categories. […] The lifetime prevalence rate for agoraphobia with panic disorder is 1.1 percent. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia without panic disorder is about 0.8 percent. […] In one study, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adults over 55 was 0.61 percent. […] The rate of comorbidity of agoraphobia with other anxiety disorders ranges from 49 to 60 percent, and with depressive disorders it is 33.1 to 52 percent. […] The median age of onset for agoraphobia is 20 years. […] The disorder typically does not remit without treatment. […] Heritability of agoraphobia is estimated at between 48 and 61 percent, meaning the genetic contribution is moderate with contributions from environmental factors being influential.

• #43 Is agoraphobia genetic?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/genetic-basis-of-agoraphobia

  The Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) states that genetic influences play an essential role in the development of agoraphobia. This means there is a high hereditary or genetic risk factor, and those with parents/relatives with agoraphobia are 61% more likely to get agoraphobia. […] Panic disorder, another type of anxiety disorder, is a condition that affects 1.2-8.4% of the population, with females being affected twice as frequently as males. The average age of onset for panic disorder is 25. This condition is one of the more familial diseases in psychiatry, with two-thirds of cases having relatives affected by the same condition. The risk to first-degree relatives is approximately three to four times the general population’s rate. […] Limited twin studies have looked at identical twins with anxiety disorder versus fraternal twins show that identical twins have a 20-39% likelihood of having an anxiety disorder if their twin has it. This likelihood is much lower in fraternal twins at 0-4%, showing an apparent genetic predisposition. […] While agoraphobia can be a genetic disorder, the condition might not fully develop until late adolescence or early adulthood. The usual onset is between the ages of 25 and 30.

• #44 Is agoraphobia genetic?

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/genetic-basis-of-agoraphobia

  The Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) states that genetic influences play an essential role in the development of agoraphobia. This means there is a high hereditary or genetic risk factor, and those with parents/relatives with agoraphobia are 61% more likely to get agoraphobia. […] Panic disorder, another type of anxiety disorder, is a condition that affects 1.2-8.4% of the population, with females being affected twice as frequently as males. The average age of onset for panic disorder is 25. This condition is one of the more familial diseases in psychiatry, with two-thirds of cases having relatives affected by the same condition. The risk to first-degree relatives is approximately three to four times the general population’s rate. […] Limited twin studies have looked at identical twins with anxiety disorder versus fraternal twins show that identical twins have a 20-39% likelihood of having an anxiety disorder if their twin has it. This likelihood is much lower in fraternal twins at 0-4%, showing an apparent genetic predisposition. […] While agoraphobia can be a genetic disorder, the condition might not fully develop until late adolescence or early adulthood. The usual onset is between the ages of 25 and 30.

• #45 How Many People Have Agoraphobia? Agoraphobia Statistics 2022

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/agoraphobia/agoraphobia-statistics/

  Agoraphobia statistics show that women, adolescents, young adults and the elderly are at higher risk of experiencing agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia prevalence varies in different populations, but overall, rates are low. […] Women are more likely to have agoraphobia than men, and rates of agoraphobia are highest in adolescents and the elderly. […] The rate of agoraphobia may be as high as 10.4% in individuals over 65. […] The major risk factors for developing late-onset agoraphobia include severe anxiety and major depression. […] The rate of agoraphobia in adolescents aged 13-18 has been estimated to be 2.4%. […] Like adults, the prevalence of agoraphobia in adolescents is twice as high in females than males. […] Agoraphobia often co-occurs with other disorders. […] Panic disorders and agoraphobia can also occur together as a person with a panic disorder is twenty times more likely to also have agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia treatment involves both psychotherapy and medication. […] With treatment, an agoraphobia prognosis is best.

• #46 #MediciBuni Dr. Păun Radu Mihai, MedLife: „A fost observată o asociere puternică între tulburarea de panică și depresie”. Ce faci atunci când te confrunți cu un atac de panică? – Ziarul Profit

  https://www.ziarulprofit.ro/medicibuni-dr-paun-radu-mihai-medlife-a-fost-observata-o-asociere-puternica-intre-tulburarea-de-panica-si-depresie-ce-faci-atunci-cand-te-confrunti-cu-un-atac-de-panica/

  Aproximativ 13,9% dintre adulii din Romnia sufer cel puin un atac de panic de-a lungul vieii. […] Studiile epidemiologice au artat o frecven mai mare n rndul persoanelor de sex feminin i n rndul tinerilor, debutnd, cel mai frecvent, ntre 21 i 34 de ani. […] Persoanele cu istoric personal sau familial de depresie sau anxietate reprezint, de asemenea, un grup vulnerabil.

• #47 Agoraphobia Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5969602/agoraphobia-market-epidemiology-industry?srsltid=AfmBOoprAUmHGtKqvl-gDGx6GHdV-rzNUaetk157PXLJ6BnG9pJr-8Qt

  The report also provides the current and future patient pool across the seven major markets. […] What is the number of prevalent cases (2018-2034) of agoraphobia across the seven major markets? […] What is the size of the agoraphobia patient pool (2018-2023) across the seven major markets? […] What would be the forecasted patient pool (2024-2034) across the seven major markets? […] What are the key factors driving the epidemiological trend of agoraphobia? […] What will be the growth rate of patients across the seven major markets?

• #48 Agoraphobia – Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast – 2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5524084/agoraphobia-market-insight-epidemiology-and?srsltid=AfmBOoq5lM4dSasNceReWzQNp5JUbHd1VMj3F1BA3BzCdpddTSfzld6H

  The Agoraphobia epidemiology division provide insights about historical and current Agoraphobia patient pool and forecasted trend for every seven major countries. It helps to recognize the causes of current and forecasted trends by exploring numerous studies and views of key opinion leaders. This part of The report also provides the diagnosed patient pool and their trends along with assumptions undertaken. […] The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Agoraphobia epidemiology scenario in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2020 to 2034. […] The epidemiology segment also provides the Agoraphobia epidemiology data and findings across the United States, EU5 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom), and Japan.

• #49 Evidence for Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation in Individuals with Agoraphobia from a Population-Based Prospective Study | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123757

  Individuals with agoraphobia had significantly higher follow-up levels of C-reactive protein (p = 0.007) and tumor-necrosis-factor- (p = 0.042) as well as lower levels of the cardioprotective marker adiponectin (p = 0.032) than their non-agoraphobic counterparts. […] Our results suggest an increase in chronic low-grade inflammation in agoraphobia over time. Such a mechanism might link agoraphobia with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and needs to be tested in longitudinal studies. […] To date, there is no study that has investigated whether patients with agoraphobia show increased low-grade inflammation compared to individuals without agoraphobia, and whether agoraphobic individuals show an increase of low-grade inflammation over time in comparison to their non-agoraphobic counterparts, reflecting a cumulative and progressive immune function dysregulation. […] In this population-based sample of 2890 Swiss adults, individuals with agoraphobia, relative to their non-agoraphobic counterparts, showed a prospective increase in levels of circulating biomarkers indicating a low-grade inflammatory state over time.

• #50 Agoraphobia Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5969602/agoraphobia-market-epidemiology-industry?srsltid=AfmBOoprAUmHGtKqvl-gDGx6GHdV-rzNUaetk157PXLJ6BnG9pJr-8Qt

  The 7 major agoraphobia markets reached a value of US$ 461.5 Million in 2023. Looking forward, the publisher expects the 7MM to reach US$ 814.4 Million by 2034, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.51% during 2023-2034. […] The increasing prevalence of anxiety and panic disorders is primarily driving the agoraphobia market. […] This report provides an exhaustive analysis of the agoraphobia market in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan. This includes treatment practices, in-market, and pipeline drugs, share of individual therapies, market performance across the seven major markets, market performance of key companies and their drugs, etc. […] According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for agoraphobia and also represents the largest market for its treatment.

• #51 Qucosa – Technische Universität Dresden: The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe

  https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26823

  A literature search, in addition to expert survey, was performed to estimate the size and burden of panic disorder in the European Union (EU). […] Epidemiological findings are relatively consistent across the EU. The 12-month prevalence of panic disorder and agoraphobia without history of panic were estimated to be 1.8% (0.72.2) and 1.3% (0.72.0) respectively across studies. […] In general health primary care settings, there appears to be substantial underdiagnosis and undertreatment of panic disorder. Moreover, panic disorder and agoraphobia are poorly recognized and rarely treated in mental health settings, despite high health care utilization rates and substantial long-term disability.

• #52 Agoraphobia: Definition, Symptoms, Test & Medication

  https://www.medicinenet.com/agoraphobia/article.htm

  Phobias are often underreported and underdiagnosed, likely because many phobia sufferers find ways to avoid the situations they have a phobia about. […] Other statistics about agoraphobia include that researchers estimate it occurs in less than 1% to nearly 7% of the population. […] While there may be periods of spontaneous improvement of symptoms for people with agoraphobia, it does not usually go away unless the person receives treatment specifically for agoraphobia sufferers. […] One significant challenge of agoraphobia is revealed by the statistics related to treatment. Specifically, less than half of individuals with this condition in the United States are receiving treatment at any one time. […] Agoraphobia increases the likelihood that the person will also suffer from another anxiety disorder, like social or other phobias, panic disorder, or anxiety associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. […] Agoraphobia also predisposes sufferers to have more severe and difficult-to-treat anxiety disorders of any kind.

• #53 Agoraphobia: Definition, Symptoms, Test & Medication

  https://www.medicinenet.com/agoraphobia/article.htm

  Phobias are often underreported and underdiagnosed, likely because many phobia sufferers find ways to avoid the situations they have a phobia about. […] Other statistics about agoraphobia include that researchers estimate it occurs in less than 1% to nearly 7% of the population. […] While there may be periods of spontaneous improvement of symptoms for people with agoraphobia, it does not usually go away unless the person receives treatment specifically for agoraphobia sufferers. […] One significant challenge of agoraphobia is revealed by the statistics related to treatment. Specifically, less than half of individuals with this condition in the United States are receiving treatment at any one time. […] Agoraphobia increases the likelihood that the person will also suffer from another anxiety disorder, like social or other phobias, panic disorder, or anxiety associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. […] Agoraphobia also predisposes sufferers to have more severe and difficult-to-treat anxiety disorders of any kind.

• #54 Agoraphobia: Definition, Symptoms, Test & Medication

  https://www.medicinenet.com/agoraphobia/article.htm

  Phobias are often underreported and underdiagnosed, likely because many phobia sufferers find ways to avoid the situations they have a phobia about. […] Other statistics about agoraphobia include that researchers estimate it occurs in less than 1% to nearly 7% of the population. […] While there may be periods of spontaneous improvement of symptoms for people with agoraphobia, it does not usually go away unless the person receives treatment specifically for agoraphobia sufferers. […] One significant challenge of agoraphobia is revealed by the statistics related to treatment. Specifically, less than half of individuals with this condition in the United States are receiving treatment at any one time. […] Agoraphobia increases the likelihood that the person will also suffer from another anxiety disorder, like social or other phobias, panic disorder, or anxiety associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. […] Agoraphobia also predisposes sufferers to have more severe and difficult-to-treat anxiety disorders of any kind.

• #55 Agoraphobia | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/17292

  The lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is approximately 34%, with specific rates including generalized anxiety disorder (6.2%), panic disorder (5.2%), agoraphobia (2.6%), social phobia (13.0%), specific phobia (13.8%), separation anxiety disorder (6.6%), posttraumatic stress disorder (8.0%), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (2.7%). Estimates of agoraphobia prevalence vary, as it was only recently recognized as a distinct disorder separate from panic disorder. The 12-month prevalence of agoraphobia is estimated at 1.7%, with the highest rate observed in the 13 to 17 age group (2.0%), and a decline to 0.4% in individuals aged 65 and older. […] A recent study reported a lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia at 0.9% in men and 2.0% in women. Significant comorbidity was observed with other mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (12%), panic disorder (26%), specific phobia (5%), social phobia (4%), generalized anxiety disorder (7%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (4%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (2%).

• #56 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.30773/pi.2020.0342

  The lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia found by our study is in the range of the estimates found by studies that used DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis or that have recalculated rates with DSM-5. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia without panic disorder in the present study is in the range of previous studies conducted with the DSM-5: from 0.2% of NESARC to 1.0% of WHS. […] The findings support the notion that agoraphobia is a homogeneous group and not the confluence of two separate conditions. […] The disorder presents itself as a condition capable of producing a serious impairment of the quality of life but not in all the people affected by it.

• #57 Panic disorder and subthreshold panic in the UK general population: Epidemiology, comorbidity and functional limitation | European Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/panic-disorder-and-subthreshold-panic-in-the-uk-general-population-epidemiology-comorbidity-and-functional-limitation/B490ACC42CE70643AD5ABB0AC2E00C21

  The epidemiology of panic disorder has not been investigated in the past in the UK using a nationally representative sample of the population. The aim of the present paper was to examine the epidemiology, comorbidity and functional impairment of subthreshold panic and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. […] The prevalence of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia was 1.70% (95% confidence interval: 1.41-2.03%). […] The comorbidity pattern of the panic syndromes and the associated functional impairment show that panic-related conditions are important public health problems, even in subthreshold status. […] The findings show that efforts to reduce the disability associated with psychiatric disorders should include detection and management of panic disorder.

• #58 A descriptive study of agoraphobic situations and correlates on panic disorder | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-021-00110-y

  In the present study, leaving home alone, being home alone, being in a crowd, and standing in line were identified as the most common agoraphobic situations. […] Therefore, it is essential to consider leaving home alone by the psychiatrists as an important condition in patients with agoraphobia, although it is not included in the agoraphobic situations found in DSM-IV TR. […] The screening and treatment programs are needed for increasing the quality of life and early identification of these disorders.

• #59 pi :: Psychiatry Investigation

  https://www.psychiatryinvestigation.org/m/journal/view.php?doi=10.30773/pi.2020.0342

  The lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia found by our study is in the range of the estimates found by studies that used DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis or that have recalculated rates with DSM-5. […] The prevalence of agoraphobia without panic disorder in the present study is in the range of previous studies conducted with the DSM-5: from 0.2% of NESARC to 1.0% of WHS. […] The findings support the notion that agoraphobia is a homogeneous group and not the confluence of two separate conditions. […] The disorder presents itself as a condition capable of producing a serious impairment of the quality of life but not in all the people affected by it.

• #60 A descriptive study of agoraphobic situations and correlates on panic disorder | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-021-00110-y

  In the present study, leaving home alone, being home alone, being in a crowd, and standing in line were identified as the most common agoraphobic situations. […] Therefore, it is essential to consider leaving home alone by the psychiatrists as an important condition in patients with agoraphobia, although it is not included in the agoraphobic situations found in DSM-IV TR. […] The screening and treatment programs are needed for increasing the quality of life and early identification of these disorders.

• #61 Anxiety and Fear-Related Disorders: Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_160

  Panic disorder and agoraphobia are presented together to reflect their deep history and related neurobiological and psychological explanatory models. […] Recent diagnostic manuals affirmed that panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia represent distinct conditions despite their high comorbidities. […] More clinical research is needed focused on the etiology and treatment for each condition independently, particularly agoraphobia. […] To date, researchers have developed and validated clinician-delivered and self-report measures to help support diagnosis and symptom monitoring. […] Effective pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions provide promising avenues for treatment, with neither clearly demonstrating superior efficacy. […] This chapter provides decision trees to guide differential diagnosis and treatment planning and concludes with clinical vignettes reflecting real-world application from case conceptualization through treatment.

• #62 Panic disorder and subthreshold panic in the UK general population: Epidemiology, comorbidity and functional limitation | European Psychiatry | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-psychiatry/article/panic-disorder-and-subthreshold-panic-in-the-uk-general-population-epidemiology-comorbidity-and-functional-limitation/B490ACC42CE70643AD5ABB0AC2E00C21

  The epidemiology of panic disorder has not been investigated in the past in the UK using a nationally representative sample of the population. The aim of the present paper was to examine the epidemiology, comorbidity and functional impairment of subthreshold panic and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. […] The prevalence of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia was 1.70% (95% confidence interval: 1.41-2.03%). […] The comorbidity pattern of the panic syndromes and the associated functional impairment show that panic-related conditions are important public health problems, even in subthreshold status. […] The findings show that efforts to reduce the disability associated with psychiatric disorders should include detection and management of panic disorder.

• #63 Treating Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Without 'Pushing the Panic Button’

  https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/treating-panic-disorder-and-agoraphobia-without-pushing-panic-button

  Several different types of panic attacks may occur, according to the guideline. The most common is the unexpected attack, defined as one not associated with a known situational trigger. But individuals also may experience panic attacks linked to certain situations or particular emotional contexts, attacks involving limited symptoms and nocturnal attacks. Panic disorder also is related to agoraphobia. […] The lifetime prevalence for panic disorder is about 3.5%, according to the National Comorbidity Survey (Kessler et al., 1994), but Shear said there is a differential between men and women-5% of women and 2% of men. […] What is known from epidemiological and some long-term naturalistic follow-up studies, Shear said, is that there is a reasonably high likelihood of recurrence and chronicity with panic disorder. […] Another big area of needed research „is what predisposes to this illness,” Shear said. „What kinds of early experiences or genetic vulnerabilities might there be that we could identify early, so as to work on primary prevention.”

• #64 A descriptive study of agoraphobic situations and correlates on panic disorder | Middle East Current Psychiatry | Full Text

  https://mecp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43045-021-00110-y

  We aimed to identify the distribution and effective factors of agoraphobic situations and how they relate to panic disorder. […] Agoraphobia has a lifetime prevalence between 0.6 and 6%. […] The overall prevalence estimated 1.3%, which was 0.6% and 1.5% in males and females, respectively. […] Diagnosing the disorder requires at least having two signs in the five following situations: (1) using public transportation like the bus, car, train, ship, or plane; (2) being in open spaces like parking lots, big stores, or bridges; (3) being in enclosed spaces like shops, cinema, or theater halls; (4) standing in line or being in a crowd; and (5) leaving home alone. […] The purpose of the present study is to obtain a better understanding of the status of AG situations and the more effective factors that related them to panic disorder.

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