Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Agoraphobia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355987

  Agoraphobia involves fearing and avoiding places or situations that might cause panic and feelings of being trapped, helpless or embarrassed. […] Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks, causing them to worry about having another attack. They then avoid the places where it may happen again. […] Agoraphobia often results in having a hard time feeling safe in any public place, especially where crowds gather and in locations that are not familiar. […] Typical agoraphobia symptoms include fear of leaving home alone, crowds or waiting in line, enclosed spaces, open spaces, and using public transportation. […] These situations cause anxiety because you fear you won’t be able to escape or find help if you start to feel panicked. […] Your fear and avoidance usually lasts six months or longer. […] Agoraphobia can greatly limit your life’s activities. If your agoraphobia is severe, you may not even be able to leave your home. […] Without treatment, some people become housebound for years. […] If you experience anxiety going places or have panic attacks, get treatment as soon as possible.

• #2 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15769-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia can make you feel extreme fear and stress, which may cause you to avoid situations. […] The signs of agoraphobia are similar to a panic attack. You may experience the following symptoms when you’re in situations or spaces that cause fear: Chest pain or rapid heart rate. Fear or a shaky feeling. Hyperventilation or trouble breathing. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Sudden chills or flushing (red, hot face). Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). Upset stomach. […] A healthcare provider can diagnose agoraphobia based on your symptoms, how often they happen and how severe they are. […] To have a diagnosis of agoraphobia, a person must feel extreme fear or panic in at least two of the following situations: Using public transportation. Being in an open space. Being in an enclosed space, such as a movie theater, meeting room or small store. Standing in a line or being in a crowd. Being out of their home alone.

• #3 Symptoms – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms/

  The severity of agoraphobia can vary significantly between individuals. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can be broadly classified into 3 types: […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only occur when you find yourself in a situation or environment that causes anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be, but aren’t always, related to the physical symptoms. […] Cognitive symptoms may include fear that: […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations, but they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #4

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  The severity of agoraphobia varies among different people. […] Someone with severe agoraphobia may be unable to leave the house. Someone who has mild agoraphobia may be able to travel short distances without problems. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can broadly fall into 3 types: physical, cognitive, behavioural. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only happen in situations or environments that cause anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick, chest pain, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), diarrhoea, trembling, dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), feeling faint. […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be related to the physical symptoms.

• #5 Symptoms – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms/

  The severity of agoraphobia can vary significantly between individuals. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can be broadly classified into 3 types: […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only occur when you find yourself in a situation or environment that causes anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be, but aren’t always, related to the physical symptoms. […] Cognitive symptoms may include fear that: […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations, but they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #6

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  The severity of agoraphobia varies among different people. […] Someone with severe agoraphobia may be unable to leave the house. Someone who has mild agoraphobia may be able to travel short distances without problems. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can broadly fall into 3 types: physical, cognitive, behavioural. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only happen in situations or environments that cause anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick, chest pain, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), diarrhoea, trembling, dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), feeling faint. […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be related to the physical symptoms.

• #7 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15769-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia can make you feel extreme fear and stress, which may cause you to avoid situations. […] The signs of agoraphobia are similar to a panic attack. You may experience the following symptoms when you’re in situations or spaces that cause fear: Chest pain or rapid heart rate. Fear or a shaky feeling. Hyperventilation or trouble breathing. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Sudden chills or flushing (red, hot face). Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). Upset stomach. […] A healthcare provider can diagnose agoraphobia based on your symptoms, how often they happen and how severe they are. […] To have a diagnosis of agoraphobia, a person must feel extreme fear or panic in at least two of the following situations: Using public transportation. Being in an open space. Being in an enclosed space, such as a movie theater, meeting room or small store. Standing in a line or being in a crowd. Being out of their home alone.

• #8 Overview – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/overview/

  Agoraphobia can develop as a complication of panic disorder, an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks and moments of intense fear. […] If someone with agoraphobia finds themselves in a stressful situation, they’ll usually experience the symptoms of a panic attack, such as: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick. […] Medication may be recommended if self-help techniques and lifestyle changes aren’t effective in controlling your symptoms. You’ll usually be prescribed a course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are also used to treat anxiety and depression. […] In severe cases of agoraphobia, medication can be used in combination with other types of treatment, such as CBT and relaxation therapy.

• #9 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  The most characteristic fear involves a situation in which dangers arises and help is unavailable or escape is impossible. The fear can escalate until the person has a panic attack. […] When agoraphobia occurs with panic attacks, the physical symptoms can include: a racing heart or rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath or hyperventilating, sweating, feeling sick, chest pain or discomfort, dizziness, faintness, vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms, flushing and chills, choking, trembling, a sense of disorientation. […] A person with agoraphobia avoids certain triggering situations, and they may also change their behavior at home, school, or work, stop seeing friends, do all their shopping online, start misusing alcohol and drugs. […] The specific reasons why agoraphobia develops remain unclear, but changes in the areas of the brain that control the fear response may play a role.

• #10 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia symptoms range from uncomfortable to disabling you might be able to go to a handful of familiar places or not be able to leave your home. […] If you have agoraphobia, you get intense anxiety in certain situations. This affects everyone differently. Here are some common signs and symptoms of agoraphobia to watch for. […] You might feel unsafe or panic when you are in: Public transportation (buses, trains, ships, or planes), Big, open spaces (parking lots, bridges, shopping centers), Closed-in spaces (small shops or stores, movie theaters, elevators), Crowds or standing in line, A car traveling, Any place outside your home, especially when you’re alone. […] While not everyone with agoraphobia has panic attacks, physical symptoms of the strong anxiety caused by agoraphobia can include: Fast, pounding heart, Sweating, trembling, shaking, Shortness of breath, Throat tightness, Other breathing problems, Feeling hot or cold, Nausea or throwing up, Stomach pain or diarrhea, Chest pain, Problems swallowing, Dizziness or feeling faint.

• #11 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  The most characteristic fear involves a situation in which dangers arises and help is unavailable or escape is impossible. The fear can escalate until the person has a panic attack. […] When agoraphobia occurs with panic attacks, the physical symptoms can include: a racing heart or rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath or hyperventilating, sweating, feeling sick, chest pain or discomfort, dizziness, faintness, vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms, flushing and chills, choking, trembling, a sense of disorientation. […] A person with agoraphobia avoids certain triggering situations, and they may also change their behavior at home, school, or work, stop seeing friends, do all their shopping online, start misusing alcohol and drugs. […] The specific reasons why agoraphobia develops remain unclear, but changes in the areas of the brain that control the fear response may play a role.

• #12 Agoraphobia Symptoms: Physical, Mental, Behavioral, and More

  https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/agoraphobia-symptoms

  You might receive an agoraphobia diagnosis if your symptoms persist for more than 6 months and occur nearly every time you encounter the place or situation. […] Agoraphobia is most often diagnosed in young adulthood and usually before the age of 35. […] By definition, the fears linked with agoraphobia are irrational. This means the anxiety is out of proportion with the actual danger posed by the situation. […] Most of the time, people with agoraphobia are aware their fears are irrational, but they still can’t stop believing them. […] Agoraphobia involves experiencing strong anxiety or panic-like responses when you are in certain public or crowded places. […] The physical and mental symptoms of agoraphobia can include: a racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, muscle tension, shaking, dizziness, feeling nauseous, muscle weakness, feeling hot or cold, fear of losing control, feelings of doom or dread, a general sense of unease, feeling detached from your body, known as dissociation.

• #13

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  The severity of agoraphobia varies among different people. […] Someone with severe agoraphobia may be unable to leave the house. Someone who has mild agoraphobia may be able to travel short distances without problems. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can broadly fall into 3 types: physical, cognitive, behavioural. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only happen in situations or environments that cause anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick, chest pain, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), diarrhoea, trembling, dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), feeling faint. […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be related to the physical symptoms.

• #14 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia symptoms range from uncomfortable to disabling you might be able to go to a handful of familiar places or not be able to leave your home. […] If you have agoraphobia, you get intense anxiety in certain situations. This affects everyone differently. Here are some common signs and symptoms of agoraphobia to watch for. […] You might feel unsafe or panic when you are in: Public transportation (buses, trains, ships, or planes), Big, open spaces (parking lots, bridges, shopping centers), Closed-in spaces (small shops or stores, movie theaters, elevators), Crowds or standing in line, A car traveling, Any place outside your home, especially when you’re alone. […] While not everyone with agoraphobia has panic attacks, physical symptoms of the strong anxiety caused by agoraphobia can include: Fast, pounding heart, Sweating, trembling, shaking, Shortness of breath, Throat tightness, Other breathing problems, Feeling hot or cold, Nausea or throwing up, Stomach pain or diarrhea, Chest pain, Problems swallowing, Dizziness or feeling faint.

• #15 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  The most characteristic fear involves a situation in which dangers arises and help is unavailable or escape is impossible. The fear can escalate until the person has a panic attack. […] When agoraphobia occurs with panic attacks, the physical symptoms can include: a racing heart or rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath or hyperventilating, sweating, feeling sick, chest pain or discomfort, dizziness, faintness, vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms, flushing and chills, choking, trembling, a sense of disorientation. […] A person with agoraphobia avoids certain triggering situations, and they may also change their behavior at home, school, or work, stop seeing friends, do all their shopping online, start misusing alcohol and drugs. […] The specific reasons why agoraphobia develops remain unclear, but changes in the areas of the brain that control the fear response may play a role.

• #16 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15769-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia can make you feel extreme fear and stress, which may cause you to avoid situations. […] The signs of agoraphobia are similar to a panic attack. You may experience the following symptoms when you’re in situations or spaces that cause fear: Chest pain or rapid heart rate. Fear or a shaky feeling. Hyperventilation or trouble breathing. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Sudden chills or flushing (red, hot face). Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). Upset stomach. […] A healthcare provider can diagnose agoraphobia based on your symptoms, how often they happen and how severe they are. […] To have a diagnosis of agoraphobia, a person must feel extreme fear or panic in at least two of the following situations: Using public transportation. Being in an open space. Being in an enclosed space, such as a movie theater, meeting room or small store. Standing in a line or being in a crowd. Being out of their home alone.

• #17

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  The severity of agoraphobia varies among different people. […] Someone with severe agoraphobia may be unable to leave the house. Someone who has mild agoraphobia may be able to travel short distances without problems. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can broadly fall into 3 types: physical, cognitive, behavioural. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only happen in situations or environments that cause anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick, chest pain, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), diarrhoea, trembling, dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), feeling faint. […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be related to the physical symptoms.

• #18 Agoraphobia Symptoms: Physical, Mental, Behavioral, and More

  https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/agoraphobia-symptoms

  You might receive an agoraphobia diagnosis if your symptoms persist for more than 6 months and occur nearly every time you encounter the place or situation. […] Agoraphobia is most often diagnosed in young adulthood and usually before the age of 35. […] By definition, the fears linked with agoraphobia are irrational. This means the anxiety is out of proportion with the actual danger posed by the situation. […] Most of the time, people with agoraphobia are aware their fears are irrational, but they still can’t stop believing them. […] Agoraphobia involves experiencing strong anxiety or panic-like responses when you are in certain public or crowded places. […] The physical and mental symptoms of agoraphobia can include: a racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, muscle tension, shaking, dizziness, feeling nauseous, muscle weakness, feeling hot or cold, fear of losing control, feelings of doom or dread, a general sense of unease, feeling detached from your body, known as dissociation.

• #19 Symptoms – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms/

  The severity of agoraphobia can vary significantly between individuals. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can be broadly classified into 3 types: […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only occur when you find yourself in a situation or environment that causes anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be, but aren’t always, related to the physical symptoms. […] Cognitive symptoms may include fear that: […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations, but they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #20

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #21

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #22

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #23 What is Agoraphobia? What Causes it And How is it Treated?

  https://www.harrisonpsychologygroup.com/agoraphobia-symptoms

  In time, we are avoiding pretty much anything that causes discomfort. […] Without working to understand the nature of our fearful thoughts and challenging ourselves to shift perspective and feel intense feelings, a person can become very withdrawn from the world, gradually developing agoraphobia. […] Agoraphobia can be hugely debilitating and difficult to work through but its important to know that people do recover with effective therapy. […] A fear that you will be unable to escape from a place or situation if you experience a panic attack. […] Fear that a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of others. […] A fear that your panic attack would be life-threatening or that you might lose your sanity. […] Fear that you may blush or tremble in front of people or that they will stare. […] Feeling that you are unable to function without the help of others. […] Avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks. […] Being housebound or avoiding being far away from home. […] Needing to be with someone you trust when you leave the house.

• #24

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #25

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #26

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #27

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #28 Symptoms – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms/

  The severity of agoraphobia can vary significantly between individuals. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can be broadly classified into 3 types: […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only occur when you find yourself in a situation or environment that causes anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be, but aren’t always, related to the physical symptoms. […] Cognitive symptoms may include fear that: […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations, but they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #29

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #30

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #31

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #32

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #33

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #34 Symptoms – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms/

  The severity of agoraphobia can vary significantly between individuals. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can be broadly classified into 3 types: […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only occur when you find yourself in a situation or environment that causes anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be, but aren’t always, related to the physical symptoms. […] Cognitive symptoms may include fear that: […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations, but they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #35

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  Cognitive symptoms may include a fear that: a panic attack will make you look stupid or feel embarrassed in front of other people, a panic attack will be life threatening for example, you may be worried your heart will stop or you’ll be unable to breathe, you would be unable to escape from a place or situation if you were to have a panic attack, you’re losing your sanity, you may lose control in public, you may tremble and blush in front of people, people may stare at you. […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: avoiding situations that could lead to panic attacks – crowded places, public transport, queues, being housebound not being able to leave the house for long periods of time, needing to be with someone you trust when going anywhere, avoiding being far away from home. […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations. But they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #36 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #37 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15769-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia can make you feel extreme fear and stress, which may cause you to avoid situations. […] The signs of agoraphobia are similar to a panic attack. You may experience the following symptoms when you’re in situations or spaces that cause fear: Chest pain or rapid heart rate. Fear or a shaky feeling. Hyperventilation or trouble breathing. Lightheadedness or dizziness. Sudden chills or flushing (red, hot face). Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). Upset stomach. […] A healthcare provider can diagnose agoraphobia based on your symptoms, how often they happen and how severe they are. […] To have a diagnosis of agoraphobia, a person must feel extreme fear or panic in at least two of the following situations: Using public transportation. Being in an open space. Being in an enclosed space, such as a movie theater, meeting room or small store. Standing in a line or being in a crowd. Being out of their home alone.

• #38 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Agoraphobia can develop at any age, but the symptoms usually appear at around 25-35 years of age, and they affect females more often than males. […] Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that involves a fear of being in places from which it is hard to escape or receive help. […] Agoraphobia can develop after a person has had a panic attack. A fear of further attacks, for example, may cause the person to avoid the kinds of situation in which the first attack took place. […] Agoraphobia can involve a combination of fears, other feelings, and physical symptoms. These can all vary from mild to severe. […] According to the DSM-5, a person with agoraphobia commonly fears: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone.

• #39 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Agoraphobia can develop at any age, but the symptoms usually appear at around 25-35 years of age, and they affect females more often than males. […] Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that involves a fear of being in places from which it is hard to escape or receive help. […] Agoraphobia can develop after a person has had a panic attack. A fear of further attacks, for example, may cause the person to avoid the kinds of situation in which the first attack took place. […] Agoraphobia can involve a combination of fears, other feelings, and physical symptoms. These can all vary from mild to severe. […] According to the DSM-5, a person with agoraphobia commonly fears: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone.

• #40 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Agoraphobia can develop at any age, but the symptoms usually appear at around 25-35 years of age, and they affect females more often than males. […] Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that involves a fear of being in places from which it is hard to escape or receive help. […] Agoraphobia can develop after a person has had a panic attack. A fear of further attacks, for example, may cause the person to avoid the kinds of situation in which the first attack took place. […] Agoraphobia can involve a combination of fears, other feelings, and physical symptoms. These can all vary from mild to severe. […] According to the DSM-5, a person with agoraphobia commonly fears: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone.

• #41 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Agoraphobia can develop at any age, but the symptoms usually appear at around 25-35 years of age, and they affect females more often than males. […] Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that involves a fear of being in places from which it is hard to escape or receive help. […] Agoraphobia can develop after a person has had a panic attack. A fear of further attacks, for example, may cause the person to avoid the kinds of situation in which the first attack took place. […] Agoraphobia can involve a combination of fears, other feelings, and physical symptoms. These can all vary from mild to severe. […] According to the DSM-5, a person with agoraphobia commonly fears: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone.

• #42 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Agoraphobia can develop at any age, but the symptoms usually appear at around 25-35 years of age, and they affect females more often than males. […] Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that involves a fear of being in places from which it is hard to escape or receive help. […] Agoraphobia can develop after a person has had a panic attack. A fear of further attacks, for example, may cause the person to avoid the kinds of situation in which the first attack took place. […] Agoraphobia can involve a combination of fears, other feelings, and physical symptoms. These can all vary from mild to severe. […] According to the DSM-5, a person with agoraphobia commonly fears: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone.

• #43 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #44 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #45 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #46 Agoraphobia Symptoms: Physical, Mental, Behavioral, and More

  https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/agoraphobia-symptoms

  You might receive an agoraphobia diagnosis if your symptoms persist for more than 6 months and occur nearly every time you encounter the place or situation. […] Agoraphobia is most often diagnosed in young adulthood and usually before the age of 35. […] By definition, the fears linked with agoraphobia are irrational. This means the anxiety is out of proportion with the actual danger posed by the situation. […] Most of the time, people with agoraphobia are aware their fears are irrational, but they still can’t stop believing them. […] Agoraphobia involves experiencing strong anxiety or panic-like responses when you are in certain public or crowded places. […] The physical and mental symptoms of agoraphobia can include: a racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, muscle tension, shaking, dizziness, feeling nauseous, muscle weakness, feeling hot or cold, fear of losing control, feelings of doom or dread, a general sense of unease, feeling detached from your body, known as dissociation.

• #47 Agoraphobia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355987

  Agoraphobia involves fearing and avoiding places or situations that might cause panic and feelings of being trapped, helpless or embarrassed. […] Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks, causing them to worry about having another attack. They then avoid the places where it may happen again. […] Agoraphobia often results in having a hard time feeling safe in any public place, especially where crowds gather and in locations that are not familiar. […] Typical agoraphobia symptoms include fear of leaving home alone, crowds or waiting in line, enclosed spaces, open spaces, and using public transportation. […] These situations cause anxiety because you fear you won’t be able to escape or find help if you start to feel panicked. […] Your fear and avoidance usually lasts six months or longer. […] Agoraphobia can greatly limit your life’s activities. If your agoraphobia is severe, you may not even be able to leave your home. […] Without treatment, some people become housebound for years. […] If you experience anxiety going places or have panic attacks, get treatment as soon as possible.

• #48 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder. A person with agoraphobia is afraid to leave environments they know and consider to be safe for fear of having anxiety or a panic attack. […] Agoraphobia usually begins with a stressful event for example, a person loses a job or a relationship ends. They feel distressed and limit their contact with the outside world (this is called avoidance behaviour). As time passes, they may consider more and more public places as out of bounds until they are eventually confined to their home. […] The symptoms and signs of agoraphobia may include: anxiety in response to being away from an environment that feels safe, panic attack including symptoms such as breathlessness, sweating, dizziness, fast heart rate, choking sensations, nausea, and feelings of extreme fear or dread, anticipation of anxiety if the person is required to leave their safe environment, low self-esteem and loss of self-confidence, reluctance to leave the house or venture beyond familiar surrounds, depression, which can sometimes accompany the condition.

• #49 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder. A person with agoraphobia is afraid to leave environments they know and consider to be safe for fear of having anxiety or a panic attack. […] Agoraphobia usually begins with a stressful event for example, a person loses a job or a relationship ends. They feel distressed and limit their contact with the outside world (this is called avoidance behaviour). As time passes, they may consider more and more public places as out of bounds until they are eventually confined to their home. […] The symptoms and signs of agoraphobia may include: anxiety in response to being away from an environment that feels safe, panic attack including symptoms such as breathlessness, sweating, dizziness, fast heart rate, choking sensations, nausea, and feelings of extreme fear or dread, anticipation of anxiety if the person is required to leave their safe environment, low self-esteem and loss of self-confidence, reluctance to leave the house or venture beyond familiar surrounds, depression, which can sometimes accompany the condition.

• #50 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder. A person with agoraphobia is afraid to leave environments they know and consider to be safe for fear of having anxiety or a panic attack. […] Agoraphobia usually begins with a stressful event for example, a person loses a job or a relationship ends. They feel distressed and limit their contact with the outside world (this is called avoidance behaviour). As time passes, they may consider more and more public places as out of bounds until they are eventually confined to their home. […] The symptoms and signs of agoraphobia may include: anxiety in response to being away from an environment that feels safe, panic attack including symptoms such as breathlessness, sweating, dizziness, fast heart rate, choking sensations, nausea, and feelings of extreme fear or dread, anticipation of anxiety if the person is required to leave their safe environment, low self-esteem and loss of self-confidence, reluctance to leave the house or venture beyond familiar surrounds, depression, which can sometimes accompany the condition.

• #51 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #52 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Regarding the apparent link between panic disorder and agoraphobia, the DSM-5 reports that 30-50% of people with agoraphobia had a panic disorder diagnosis or panic attacks before the agoraphobia symptoms arose. […] The DSM-5 considers agoraphobia to be persistent and chronic if a person does not receive treatment. For many, it is a lifelong condition. However, treatment can help people manage the symptoms.

• #53 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #54 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #55 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder. A person with agoraphobia is afraid to leave environments they know and consider to be safe for fear of having anxiety or a panic attack. […] Agoraphobia usually begins with a stressful event for example, a person loses a job or a relationship ends. They feel distressed and limit their contact with the outside world (this is called avoidance behaviour). As time passes, they may consider more and more public places as out of bounds until they are eventually confined to their home. […] The symptoms and signs of agoraphobia may include: anxiety in response to being away from an environment that feels safe, panic attack including symptoms such as breathlessness, sweating, dizziness, fast heart rate, choking sensations, nausea, and feelings of extreme fear or dread, anticipation of anxiety if the person is required to leave their safe environment, low self-esteem and loss of self-confidence, reluctance to leave the house or venture beyond familiar surrounds, depression, which can sometimes accompany the condition.

• #56 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is characterized by anxiety or fear arising from thoughts that escape may be difficult or help may be unavailable in certain situations. This fear often centers on the possibility of experiencing panic-like symptoms or other embarrassing or incapacitating episodes. Individuals with agoraphobia tend to avoid these situations or require a companion for support. Severe cases can result in individuals becoming homebound and dependent on others, increasing the risk of depression. […] Agoraphobia is characterized by anxiety or fear in various situations arising from thoughts that escape may be difficult or help may not be readily available in certain situations. This fear often centers on the possibility of experiencing panic-like symptoms or other embarrassing or incapacitating episodes. Individuals with agoraphobia tend to avoid these situations or require a companion for support. In severe cases of agoraphobia, individuals may become homebound or dependent on others for basic needs, which increases the risk of depression.

• #57 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #58 Agoraphobia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355987

  Agoraphobia involves fearing and avoiding places or situations that might cause panic and feelings of being trapped, helpless or embarrassed. […] Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks, causing them to worry about having another attack. They then avoid the places where it may happen again. […] Agoraphobia often results in having a hard time feeling safe in any public place, especially where crowds gather and in locations that are not familiar. […] Typical agoraphobia symptoms include fear of leaving home alone, crowds or waiting in line, enclosed spaces, open spaces, and using public transportation. […] These situations cause anxiety because you fear you won’t be able to escape or find help if you start to feel panicked. […] Your fear and avoidance usually lasts six months or longer. […] Agoraphobia can greatly limit your life’s activities. If your agoraphobia is severe, you may not even be able to leave your home. […] Without treatment, some people become housebound for years. […] If you experience anxiety going places or have panic attacks, get treatment as soon as possible.

• #59 Agoraphobia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/mental-health/agoraphobia-leaflet

  Agoraphobia is an intense fear of being in places or situations where you feel escape might be difficult or help might not be available. So you tend to avoid these situations and may not even venture out from home. It can greatly affect your life. […] Agoraphobia is usually a lifelong problem unless treated. […] The severity of agoraphobia can vary greatly. Some people with agoraphobia can cope quite well outside their home by sticking to familiar areas and routines. […] Many people with agoraphobia stay inside their homes for most or all of the time to avoid situations that may trigger anxiety.

• #60 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #61 Agoraphobia

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/agoraphobia

  Cognitive symptoms often manifest as an intense fear of experiencing the physical symptoms. Examples might include: Feeling anxious that people will stare at you when you have a panic attack or lose control in a public place. […] Without treatment, agoraphobia can lead to isolation and a very limited lifestyle. Unable to work, socialize, or carry out other normal daily activities, people living with agoraphobia may also develop the following conditions: Depression, Alcohol and drug abuse, Other mental health disorders, including personality disorders like avoidant personality disorder.

• #62 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #63 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #64 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #65 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #66 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #67 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #68 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #69 Agoraphobia – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/agoraphobia

  The fears must involve concerns that escape might be difficult or that help will be unavailable if people panic or become incapacitated. […] If agoraphobia is not treated, it usually waxes and wanes in severity and may even disappear without formal treatment, possibly because people have used their own form of exposure therapy, exposing themselves repeatedly to the situation that triggers their fears until the fears subside. Others no longer complain about agoraphobia symptoms because they have learned to avoid situations (such as airplanes or crowds) that trigger their anxiety. However, simply avoiding situations may significantly restrict a person’s life. […] Exposure therapy helps more than 90% of people. […] People with agoraphobia may benefit from taking an SSRI. Although SSRIs are considered to be antidepressants, they may also work well for some anxiety disorders.

• #70 Agoraphobia – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/agoraphobia

  The fears must involve concerns that escape might be difficult or that help will be unavailable if people panic or become incapacitated. […] If agoraphobia is not treated, it usually waxes and wanes in severity and may even disappear without formal treatment, possibly because people have used their own form of exposure therapy, exposing themselves repeatedly to the situation that triggers their fears until the fears subside. Others no longer complain about agoraphobia symptoms because they have learned to avoid situations (such as airplanes or crowds) that trigger their anxiety. However, simply avoiding situations may significantly restrict a person’s life. […] Exposure therapy helps more than 90% of people. […] People with agoraphobia may benefit from taking an SSRI. Although SSRIs are considered to be antidepressants, they may also work well for some anxiety disorders.

• #71 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Regarding the apparent link between panic disorder and agoraphobia, the DSM-5 reports that 30-50% of people with agoraphobia had a panic disorder diagnosis or panic attacks before the agoraphobia symptoms arose. […] The DSM-5 considers agoraphobia to be persistent and chronic if a person does not receive treatment. For many, it is a lifelong condition. However, treatment can help people manage the symptoms.

• #72 What Is Agoraphobia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/agoraphobia/guide/

  Severe agoraphobia can be incredibly limiting, interfering with routine, daily activities, such as going to work or school, seeing friends and family, or even leaving the house to run errands. […] About 1 in 3 people with panic disorder develop agoraphobia. […] It’s possible to have agoraphobia without experiencing full-blown panic attacks. You may experience feelings of fear or anxiety, but these won’t progress into a panic attack. This condition is sometimes called primary agoraphobia.

• #73 Agoraphobia – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355987

  Agoraphobia involves fearing and avoiding places or situations that might cause panic and feelings of being trapped, helpless or embarrassed. […] Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks, causing them to worry about having another attack. They then avoid the places where it may happen again. […] Agoraphobia often results in having a hard time feeling safe in any public place, especially where crowds gather and in locations that are not familiar. […] Typical agoraphobia symptoms include fear of leaving home alone, crowds or waiting in line, enclosed spaces, open spaces, and using public transportation. […] These situations cause anxiety because you fear you won’t be able to escape or find help if you start to feel panicked. […] Your fear and avoidance usually lasts six months or longer. […] Agoraphobia can greatly limit your life’s activities. If your agoraphobia is severe, you may not even be able to leave your home. […] Without treatment, some people become housebound for years. […] If you experience anxiety going places or have panic attacks, get treatment as soon as possible.

• #74 What is Agoraphobia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment — Trust Mental Health

  https://trustmentalhealth.com/blog/what-is-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder whose general definition is the intense fear of leaving safe spaces. People with agoraphobia tend to experience panic, usually resulting in panic attacks or anxiety attacks, when put in unknown environments or outdoors in general. […] In extreme cases, people with agoraphobia can never leave the house for weeks, months, or sometimes even years. This can make it extremely difficult or even impossible to go to work or school, maintain relationships, and be able to do basic chores and activities. […] Better Health states that agoraphobia can develop over a period of time, usually starting with a major life event, for example, loss of a job or loss of a relationship, as the overwhelming stress from the event starts can spiral into agoraphobia. At first, symptoms might be less noticeable, as people often start by avoiding only certain places. However, over time, agoraphobia can get more severe and start making it difficult to be outdoors or in public spaces at all.

• #75 Agoraphobia – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/anxiety/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder where an individual has intense fears about at least two different types of situations, with the fear being that escape may be difficult or help may be unavailable if panic-like symptoms occur. […] The course of agoraphobia is usually persistent and chronic. […] If untreated, the remission rate is around 10%. […] More than 33% of individuals with agoraphobia are homebound and unable have gainful employment. […] Individuals with agoraphobia frequently believe that escape from such their feared situations might be difficult or that help might be unavailable when the panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms occur. […] It is important to recognize that the fear or anxiety is evoked nearly every time the individual comes into contact with the feared situation. […] The avoidance can become so impairing that the person is completely homebound and refuses to leave. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

• #76 Panic disorder and agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/panic-disorder-and-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is fear or anxiety of being in situations where you feel you cannot escape. […] Some people with agoraphobia have panic attacks, but you can have agoraphobia without having panic attacks. […] Agoraphobia is often thought of as fear of open spaces, but it is more than this. Agoraphobia is fear or anxiety of being in situations where you feel you cannot escape. These include being: in an enclosed space theatre, meeting room or small shop, in an open space bridge, car park or large shopping mall, on public transport bus, train or plane, out of your home alone. […] To fit the criteria for a diagnosis of agoraphobia, you will need to have experienced the symptoms of agoraphobia and some additional signs. These include: your fear or anxiety is almost always experienced when you are in the same situation, you avoid the situation that causes your symptoms, your fear and anxiety is out of proportion to the actual situation. […] Having early treatment is important for recovery from panic disorder or agoraphobia. Treatment can be very effective in reducing the number of panic attacks for most people.

• #77 What Is Agoraphobia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/agoraphobia/guide/

  Agoraphobia can also lead to panic attacks or panic-like symptoms, which may include: nausea or other gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea; rapid heartbeat; chest pain or discomfort; dizziness or light-headedness; feeling short of breath; sweating and trembling; facial flushing; a feeling of choking; numbness or pins and needles sensations; feelings of unreality or being detached from oneself. […] Agoraphobia tends to be persistent and chronic. Without early interventions, agoraphobia can become more severe and more difficult to treat. But effective treatment can help you function with agoraphobia. […] With proper treatment, often a combination of psychotherapy and medication, many people can eventually manage their anxiety, in order to feel and function better. […] According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), early treatment of agoraphobia symptoms may prevent the disorder from developing.

• #78 Agoraphobia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000923.htm

  Agoraphobia is an intense fear and anxiety of being in places where it is hard to escape, or where help might not be available. Agoraphobia usually involves fear of crowds, bridges, or being outside alone. […] With agoraphobia, you avoid places or situations because you do not feel safe in public places. The fear is worse when the place is crowded. Symptoms of agoraphobia include: Being afraid of spending time alone, Being afraid of places where escape might be hard, Being afraid of losing control in a public place, Depending on others, Feeling detached or separated from others, Feeling helpless, Feeling that the body is not real, Feeling that the environment is not real, Having an unusual temper or agitation, Staying in the house for long periods. […] Most people can get better with medicines and CBT. Without early and effective help, the disorder may become harder to treat.

• #79 What Is Agoraphobia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/agoraphobia/guide/

  Agoraphobia can also lead to panic attacks or panic-like symptoms, which may include: nausea or other gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea; rapid heartbeat; chest pain or discomfort; dizziness or light-headedness; feeling short of breath; sweating and trembling; facial flushing; a feeling of choking; numbness or pins and needles sensations; feelings of unreality or being detached from oneself. […] Agoraphobia tends to be persistent and chronic. Without early interventions, agoraphobia can become more severe and more difficult to treat. But effective treatment can help you function with agoraphobia. […] With proper treatment, often a combination of psychotherapy and medication, many people can eventually manage their anxiety, in order to feel and function better. […] According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), early treatment of agoraphobia symptoms may prevent the disorder from developing.

• #80 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is associated with significant distress and life impairment, including decreased work productivity, increased disability days, and a reduced likelihood of marriage when it manifests early. In severe cases, individuals may become completely home-bound and reliant on others for basic needs. This can lead to self-medication with alcohol and sedative medications. The DSM-5-TR states that remission rates for agoraphobia without treatment are low (10%). In addition, it is also associated with an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and substance use disorders. Additionally, individuals with agoraphobia are at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

• #81 Agoraphobia – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/anxiety/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder where an individual has intense fears about at least two different types of situations, with the fear being that escape may be difficult or help may be unavailable if panic-like symptoms occur. […] The course of agoraphobia is usually persistent and chronic. […] If untreated, the remission rate is around 10%. […] More than 33% of individuals with agoraphobia are homebound and unable have gainful employment. […] Individuals with agoraphobia frequently believe that escape from such their feared situations might be difficult or that help might be unavailable when the panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms occur. […] It is important to recognize that the fear or anxiety is evoked nearly every time the individual comes into contact with the feared situation. […] The avoidance can become so impairing that the person is completely homebound and refuses to leave. […] The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

• #82 Agoraphobia Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and How to Treat

  https://medvidi.com/blog/what-agoraphobia-is-and-how-therapy-can-help-manage-it

  Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder associated with fear of situations where escape feels difficult; its symptoms last for six months or more. […] Agoraphobia causes symptoms lasting 6 months or more. These symptoms also cause impairment to at least one area of your day-to-day life, whether its your work/school life or your relationships. This means that, because of your symptoms, you arent able to live life in the way you want to. […] If you live with agoraphobia, you feel afraid in these situations almost all the time, and you try to avoid being in these situations whenever possible. If you do need to be in these situations, you might need to have someone with you, or simply endure them with extreme discomfort and distress. You might feel trapped or be constantly on the lookout for ways you can escape. […] Only around 10% of people with agoraphobia recover on their own. In many cases, agoraphobia just gets worse and worse when its left untreated. Its so important to get treatment if you live with agoraphobia to reclaim your life and live more aligned with your values.

• #83 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #84 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15769-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia treatment usually involves a combination of treatment methods: Psychotherapy (talk therapy). Medication. Lifestyle changes. […] Using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a mental healthcare provider can help you recognize thoughts that cause you anxiety. […] Your healthcare provider also may suggest medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). […] Take good care of yourself, take your medications as prescribed and practice techniques you learn from your therapist. […] Agoraphobia can make you feel afraid and isolated. But with treatment, you can manage the symptoms and lead a full life.

• #85 Overview – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/overview/

  Agoraphobia can develop as a complication of panic disorder, an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks and moments of intense fear. […] If someone with agoraphobia finds themselves in a stressful situation, they’ll usually experience the symptoms of a panic attack, such as: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick. […] Medication may be recommended if self-help techniques and lifestyle changes aren’t effective in controlling your symptoms. You’ll usually be prescribed a course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are also used to treat anxiety and depression. […] In severe cases of agoraphobia, medication can be used in combination with other types of treatment, such as CBT and relaxation therapy.

• #86 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #87 Agoraphobia: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15769-agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia treatment usually involves a combination of treatment methods: Psychotherapy (talk therapy). Medication. Lifestyle changes. […] Using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a mental healthcare provider can help you recognize thoughts that cause you anxiety. […] Your healthcare provider also may suggest medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). […] Take good care of yourself, take your medications as prescribed and practice techniques you learn from your therapist. […] Agoraphobia can make you feel afraid and isolated. But with treatment, you can manage the symptoms and lead a full life.

• #88 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #89 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #90 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #91 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #92 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #93 Agoraphobia – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/agoraphobia

  The fears must involve concerns that escape might be difficult or that help will be unavailable if people panic or become incapacitated. […] If agoraphobia is not treated, it usually waxes and wanes in severity and may even disappear without formal treatment, possibly because people have used their own form of exposure therapy, exposing themselves repeatedly to the situation that triggers their fears until the fears subside. Others no longer complain about agoraphobia symptoms because they have learned to avoid situations (such as airplanes or crowds) that trigger their anxiety. However, simply avoiding situations may significantly restrict a person’s life. […] Exposure therapy helps more than 90% of people. […] People with agoraphobia may benefit from taking an SSRI. Although SSRIs are considered to be antidepressants, they may also work well for some anxiety disorders.

• #94 Overview – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/overview/

  Agoraphobia can develop as a complication of panic disorder, an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks and moments of intense fear. […] If someone with agoraphobia finds themselves in a stressful situation, they’ll usually experience the symptoms of a panic attack, such as: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick. […] Medication may be recommended if self-help techniques and lifestyle changes aren’t effective in controlling your symptoms. You’ll usually be prescribed a course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are also used to treat anxiety and depression. […] In severe cases of agoraphobia, medication can be used in combination with other types of treatment, such as CBT and relaxation therapy.

• #95 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Agoraphobia can develop at any age, but the symptoms usually appear at around 25-35 years of age, and they affect females more often than males. […] Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that involves a fear of being in places from which it is hard to escape or receive help. […] Agoraphobia can develop after a person has had a panic attack. A fear of further attacks, for example, may cause the person to avoid the kinds of situation in which the first attack took place. […] Agoraphobia can involve a combination of fears, other feelings, and physical symptoms. These can all vary from mild to severe. […] According to the DSM-5, a person with agoraphobia commonly fears: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line, being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone.

• #96 Agoraphobia: Types, Causes, and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is also more common in women than in men. It usually begins in young adulthood, with 20 years being the average age of onset. However, symptoms of the condition can emerge at any age. […] You must feel intense fear or anxiety in two of more of the following situations to be diagnosed with agoraphobia: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, being in a crowd, being away from home alone. […] There are additional criteria for a diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia. You must have recurrent panic attacks, and at least one panic attack must have been followed by a fear of having more panic attacks. […] This disorder can be quite debilitating since it prevents you from participating in everyday activities.

• #97 Agoraphobia Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Self-Care

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/anxiety/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia symptoms tend to show up before the age of 35, with people in late adolescence and early adulthood being most at risk. Older people can also develop agoraphobia, but it’s less likely to be associated with panic attacks. […] For a formal diagnosis of agoraphobia, you must show a fear and avoidance of at least two of the following situations: using public transit, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line with other people or being in a crowd, leaving your home alone. […] The fear surrounding these activities can be so intense that you either avoid them entirely, feel extremely distressed when doing them, or need another person present to endure them. The fear is out of proportion to the actual danger, lasts for at least six months, and interferes with your day-to-day functioning.

• #98 Agoraphobia – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is intense anxiety and/or avoidance of situations (eg, being in crowds or shopping malls, driving) that may be difficult to leave or in which help is not readily available if incapacitating panic-like symptoms were to develop. […] Agoraphobia often develops in adolescence and young adulthood, but it can also develop in older adults, especially in the context of fears about safety and their own physical limitations. […] Common examples of situations or places that create fear and anxiety in patients with agoraphobia include leaving home, standing in line, sitting in the middle of a long row in a theater or classroom, and using public transportation, such as a bus or an airplane. Some people develop agoraphobia in response to panic attacks that lead to avoidance of the potential triggers of the panic. Agoraphobia can be relatively mild but can also become so debilitating that the person becomes essentially housebound.

• #99 Agoraphobia Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Self-Care

  https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/anxiety/agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia symptoms tend to show up before the age of 35, with people in late adolescence and early adulthood being most at risk. Older people can also develop agoraphobia, but it’s less likely to be associated with panic attacks. […] For a formal diagnosis of agoraphobia, you must show a fear and avoidance of at least two of the following situations: using public transit, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line with other people or being in a crowd, leaving your home alone. […] The fear surrounding these activities can be so intense that you either avoid them entirely, feel extremely distressed when doing them, or need another person present to endure them. The fear is out of proportion to the actual danger, lasts for at least six months, and interferes with your day-to-day functioning.

• #100 Agoraphobia: definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-agoraphobia/

  Agoraphobia limits daily activities. In the most severe cases, a person with agoraphobia isn’t able to leave their home. […] When left untreated, agoraphobia can lead to complications and other mental illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts and tendencies. […] Individuals in their late adolescence or early adulthood, before the age of 35, are more likely to develop agoraphobia. […] People with panic disorder or phobias are more susceptible to agoraphobia. […] A history of abuse or major life stress such as being attacked or losing a parent is also a risk factor for agoraphobia. […] Symptoms tend to be more severe in people who have agoraphobia and panic disorder.

• #101 Agoraphobia: definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-agoraphobia/

  Agoraphobia limits daily activities. In the most severe cases, a person with agoraphobia isn’t able to leave their home. […] When left untreated, agoraphobia can lead to complications and other mental illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts and tendencies. […] Individuals in their late adolescence or early adulthood, before the age of 35, are more likely to develop agoraphobia. […] People with panic disorder or phobias are more susceptible to agoraphobia. […] A history of abuse or major life stress such as being attacked or losing a parent is also a risk factor for agoraphobia. […] Symptoms tend to be more severe in people who have agoraphobia and panic disorder.

• #102 Agoraphobia: definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments – The Diamond Rehab Thailand

  https://diamondrehabthailand.com/what-is-agoraphobia/

  Agoraphobia limits daily activities. In the most severe cases, a person with agoraphobia isn’t able to leave their home. […] When left untreated, agoraphobia can lead to complications and other mental illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts and tendencies. […] Individuals in their late adolescence or early adulthood, before the age of 35, are more likely to develop agoraphobia. […] People with panic disorder or phobias are more susceptible to agoraphobia. […] A history of abuse or major life stress such as being attacked or losing a parent is also a risk factor for agoraphobia. […] Symptoms tend to be more severe in people who have agoraphobia and panic disorder.

• #103 Agoraphobia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives their environment to be unsafe with no easy way to escape. These situations can include public transit, shopping centers, crowds and queues, or simply being outside their home on their own. Being in these situations may result in a panic attack. Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations. In severe cases, people may become completely unable to leave their homes. […] Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition often runs in families, and stressful or traumatic events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger. […] Without treatment, it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve. Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT results in resolution for about half of people.

• #104 Agoraphobia – Types, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Risk, and More

  https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/agoraphobia/

  Many people wonder, What causes agoraphobia? The causes of agoraphobia are not known. However, other anxiety disorders, past traumatic experience or substance use may contribute to the development of agoraphobia. […] Research has discovered that a link exists between agoraphobia and an individual’s ability to balance their body. Markedly, those with agoraphobia have great difficulty maintaining their balance and rely more on visual and physical abilities. […] The average age of onset of agoraphobia is between 25 and 30, although adults older than 65 have the highest prevalence of developing agoraphobia. About 40 percent of all agoraphobia cases on record are considered severe.

• #105 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is characterized by anxiety or fear arising from thoughts that escape may be difficult or help may be unavailable in certain situations. This fear often centers on the possibility of experiencing panic-like symptoms or other embarrassing or incapacitating episodes. Individuals with agoraphobia tend to avoid these situations or require a companion for support. Severe cases can result in individuals becoming homebound and dependent on others, increasing the risk of depression. […] Agoraphobia is characterized by anxiety or fear in various situations arising from thoughts that escape may be difficult or help may not be readily available in certain situations. This fear often centers on the possibility of experiencing panic-like symptoms or other embarrassing or incapacitating episodes. Individuals with agoraphobia tend to avoid these situations or require a companion for support. In severe cases of agoraphobia, individuals may become homebound or dependent on others for basic needs, which increases the risk of depression.

• #106 Agoraphobia – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms of anxiety in situations where the person perceives their environment to be unsafe with no easy way to escape. These situations can include public transit, shopping centers, crowds and queues, or simply being outside their home on their own. Being in these situations may result in a panic attack. Those affected will go to great lengths to avoid these situations. In severe cases, people may become completely unable to leave their homes. […] Agoraphobia is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The condition often runs in families, and stressful or traumatic events such as the death of a parent or being attacked may be a trigger. […] Without treatment, it is uncommon for agoraphobia to resolve. Treatment is typically with a type of counselling called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT results in resolution for about half of people.

• #107 Symptoms – Agoraphobia – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms/

  The severity of agoraphobia can vary significantly between individuals. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can be broadly classified into 3 types: […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only occur when you find yourself in a situation or environment that causes anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be, but aren’t always, related to the physical symptoms. […] Cognitive symptoms may include fear that: […] Symptoms of agoraphobia relating to behaviour include: […] Some people are able to force themselves to confront uncomfortable situations, but they feel considerable fear and anxiety while doing so.

• #108

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/agoraphobia/

  The severity of agoraphobia varies among different people. […] Someone with severe agoraphobia may be unable to leave the house. Someone who has mild agoraphobia may be able to travel short distances without problems. […] The symptoms of agoraphobia can broadly fall into 3 types: physical, cognitive, behavioural. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia usually only happen in situations or environments that cause anxiety. […] The physical symptoms of agoraphobia can be similar to those of a panic attack and may include: rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing (hyperventilating), feeling hot and sweaty, feeling sick, chest pain, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), diarrhoea, trembling, dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), feeling faint. […] The cognitive symptoms of agoraphobia are feelings or thoughts that can be related to the physical symptoms.

• #109 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #110 Agoraphobia – Mental Health Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/anxiety-and-stressor-related-disorders/agoraphobia

  The fears must involve concerns that escape might be difficult or that help will be unavailable if people panic or become incapacitated. […] If agoraphobia is not treated, it usually waxes and wanes in severity and may even disappear without formal treatment, possibly because people have used their own form of exposure therapy, exposing themselves repeatedly to the situation that triggers their fears until the fears subside. Others no longer complain about agoraphobia symptoms because they have learned to avoid situations (such as airplanes or crowds) that trigger their anxiety. However, simply avoiding situations may significantly restrict a person’s life. […] Exposure therapy helps more than 90% of people. […] People with agoraphobia may benefit from taking an SSRI. Although SSRIs are considered to be antidepressants, they may also work well for some anxiety disorders.

• #111 Agoraphobia | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/agoraphobia

  In other cases, a stressful life event triggers a panic attack. Since panic attacks are so unpleasant, the person may avoid any situation or place that they think might trigger another attack until many situations and places are eventually feared and avoided. […] Agoraphobia responds well to treatment. The treatment options suggested by your doctor or therapist will depend on your circumstances and preferences, but may include: a course of medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, cognitive behaviour therapy and exposure therapy, counselling and talk therapy, relaxation training, support groups, instruction in self-help methods. […] The key to conquering agoraphobia is learning to control anxiety symptoms and progressively going into the situations that you fear.

• #112 What Is Agoraphobia? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/agoraphobia/guide/

  Agoraphobia can also lead to panic attacks or panic-like symptoms, which may include: nausea or other gastrointestinal issues, such as diarrhea; rapid heartbeat; chest pain or discomfort; dizziness or light-headedness; feeling short of breath; sweating and trembling; facial flushing; a feeling of choking; numbness or pins and needles sensations; feelings of unreality or being detached from oneself. […] Agoraphobia tends to be persistent and chronic. Without early interventions, agoraphobia can become more severe and more difficult to treat. But effective treatment can help you function with agoraphobia. […] With proper treatment, often a combination of psychotherapy and medication, many people can eventually manage their anxiety, in order to feel and function better. […] According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), early treatment of agoraphobia symptoms may prevent the disorder from developing.

• #113 Agoraphobia: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000923.htm

  Agoraphobia is an intense fear and anxiety of being in places where it is hard to escape, or where help might not be available. Agoraphobia usually involves fear of crowds, bridges, or being outside alone. […] With agoraphobia, you avoid places or situations because you do not feel safe in public places. The fear is worse when the place is crowded. Symptoms of agoraphobia include: Being afraid of spending time alone, Being afraid of places where escape might be hard, Being afraid of losing control in a public place, Depending on others, Feeling detached or separated from others, Feeling helpless, Feeling that the body is not real, Feeling that the environment is not real, Having an unusual temper or agitation, Staying in the house for long periods. […] Most people can get better with medicines and CBT. Without early and effective help, the disorder may become harder to treat.

• #114 Agoraphobia – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554387/

  Agoraphobia is diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria when an individual experiences marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following 5 situations using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, or being outside the home alone. These situations almost always trigger disproportionate fear or anxiety, leading the individual to actively avoid them and resulting in clinically significant distress or functional impairment. This fear or anxiety cannot be attributed to a realistic threat, sociocultural factors, or substance use or withdrawal. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months to confirm the diagnosis of agoraphobia. […] The DSM-5-TR characterizes the typical course of agoraphobia as „persistent and chronic,” with complete remission being rare without treatment or intervention. Rates of remission are lower in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. The likelihood of a favorable prognosis is further diminished when comorbid conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, personality disorders, or substance use disorders are present.

• #115 Agoraphobia: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and outlook

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/162169

  Regarding the apparent link between panic disorder and agoraphobia, the DSM-5 reports that 30-50% of people with agoraphobia had a panic disorder diagnosis or panic attacks before the agoraphobia symptoms arose. […] The DSM-5 considers agoraphobia to be persistent and chronic if a person does not receive treatment. For many, it is a lifelong condition. However, treatment can help people manage the symptoms.

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