Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Stasis Dermatitis: An Overview of Its Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9968263/

  Stasis dermatitis (SD), also known as venous eczema, stasis eczema, venous SD, or gravitational dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by underlying chronic venous insufficiency that typically affects the lower extremities of older individuals. […] In SD, alterations in the function of the deep venous plexus at the lower extremities cause blood to backflow to the superficial venous system, leading to venous hypertension, cutaneous inflammation, and a range of potential complications, including venous ulcers. […] Several risk factors were established with the development of venous insufficiency leading to SD, including older age, female sex, pregnancy, obesity, prolonged sitting or standing, heart failure, and family history of venous disease. […] The association with pregnancy and obesity is due to extra stress placed on the patients lower extremities.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-eczema/

  Varicose eczema is usually caused by increased pressure in the leg veins. […] When small valves in the veins stop working properly, it’s difficult for blood to be pushed upwards against gravity and it can leak backwards. […] This increases the pressure in the veins, which can cause fluid to leak into the surrounding tissue. It’s thought that varicose eczema may develop as a result of the immune system reacting to this fluid. […] Varicose eczema is more common in people with varicose veins, as these are also often a sign that the leg veins are not working properly. […] Some people develop the condition for no obvious reason, although there are some factors that increase the chance of this happening, including: […] sex varicose eczema is more common in women […] obesity this can increase the pressure in your leg veins

• #1 Stasis Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1084813-overview

  Stasis dermatitis is caused by venous hypertension resulting from retrograde flow related to incompetent venous valves, valve destruction, or obstruction of the venous system. […] Stasis dermatitis occurs as a direct consequence of venous insufficiency. Disturbed function of the 1-way valvular system in the deep venous plexus of the legs results in a backflow of blood from the deep venous system to the superficial venous system, with accompanying venous hypertension. […] Injuries to the venous system due to trauma or surgery are common factors in the development of stasis dermatitis. […] The mechanism by which venous hypertension causes the cutaneous inflammation of stasis dermatitis has been extensively studied for decades. Several theories have been proposed. […] The earliest theories regarding the cause of cutaneous inflammation in venous insufficiency centered on oxygen perfusion of lower-extremity tissues.

• #1 Varicose eczema | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/varicose-eczema/

  Varicose eczema is caused by increased pressure in the leg veins. […] It is thought that varicose eczema may develop as a result of the immune system reacting to this fluid. […] Varicose eczema is usually caused by increased pressure in your leg veins. […] It is thought that varicose eczema may develop as a result of your immune system reacting to these fluids in the tissues under your skin.

• #1 Stasis Dermatitis: An Overview of Its Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9968263/

  In terms of both the pathogenesis of SD and developing effective therapies, it is important to understand that inflammation causes the skin changes characteristic of SD. […] Studies demonstrated that the passively dependent blood in the feet of individuals with chronic venous diseases has low levels of leukocytes, suggesting leukocyte accumulation in regions of high venous pressure, leading to the observed inflammatory response. […] Increased numbers of T lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells were also observed in skin biopsies of the lower legs of individuals with chronic venous insufficiency, further supporting the association of inflammatory mediators with cutaneous damage.

• #1 Varicose and Leg Eczema: Effective Treatments & Prevention Tips

  https://www.dexeryl.com/en/your-skin/atopic-dermatitis/eczema-body/eczema-leg-and-varicose

  This destructive process significantly impairs the walls and valves, culminating in venous insufficiency. Furthermore, the condition is exacerbated by the excessive buildup of iron, a byproduct of red blood cells, within the subcutaneous tissues. This, combined with the presence of pro-inflammatory immune cells, incites inflammation, directly contributing to the symptoms of varicose eczema.

• #1 Stasis Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1084813-overview

  Subsequent research focused on the role of lower-extremity microcirculation in the pathogenesis of skin damage due to venous insufficiency. […] This increased permeability enables macromolecules, such as fibrinogen, to leak out into the pericapillary tissue; then, polymerization of fibrinogen to fibrin results in the formation of a fibrin cuff around dermal capillaries. […] Decreased cutaneous fibrinolytic activity has been proposed to contribute to the formation of fibrin cuffs. […] Formation of fibrin cuffs, coupled with decreased fibrinolysis, results in the dermal fibrosis that is the hallmark of advanced stasis dermatitis. […] The finding of leukocyte-mediated cytokine production, aided by fibrin cuff formation, provides a direct link between dysfunctional venous circulation and cutaneous inflammation with fibrosis.

• #1

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/varicose-eczema/causes/

  Varicose eczema is usually caused by increased pressure in the leg veins. […] This increases the pressure in the veins which can cause fluid to leak into the nearby tissue. it is believed that the immune system reacts to this fluid, causing varicose eczema. […] Varicose eczema is more common in people with varicose veins. […] Some people develop the condition for no obvious reason. But there are certain factors that increase its chances. […] gender varicose eczema is more common in women […] obesity this can increase the pressure in your leg veins […] pregnancy this can also increase the pressure in your leg veins […] if you’ve had deep vein thrombosis (DVT) […] increasing age people generally find it harder to move about as they get older.

• #1 Varicose eczema – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/varicose-eczema/

  Varicose eczema, also known as gravitational eczema or stasis eczema, is a common skin condition that affects the lower legs of adults. […] Varicose eczema can occur in younger people, too, if they have a genetic predisposition to varicose veins. […] You are most likely to develop this type of eczema if you have high blood pressure or varicose veins, or have had a deep vein thrombosis (a blood clot in the leg vein), phlebitis (inflammation of the vein wall) or cellulitis (infection in the skin) in the past. […] Other contributing factors include being overweight, immobility, and swelling caused by prolonged standing or hot weather. […] Trauma to the skin, such as an injury or bad insect bite, can also be a contributing factor. […] Varicose eczema is more common in women than in men since female hormones and pregnancy increase the risk of developing the condition.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-eczema/

  pregnancy this can also increase the pressure in your leg veins […] a family history of venous insufficiency (where the veins in your legs have trouble sending blood back to your heart) […] not being able to move for a long period of time this can affect the circulation of blood in your leg veins […] having previously had DVT (deep vein thrombosis) blood clots that develop in leg veins which can damage the valves in your veins […] increasing age people generally find it harder to move about as they get older, which can affect their circulation.

• #1 Varicose Eczema: Everything to Know About This Dermatological Disorder

  https://us.typology.com/library/all-you-need-to-know-about-varicose-eczema

  Varicose eczema, also known as stasis eczema or venous eczema, is a skin condition primarily caused by venous insufficiency. […] Varicose eczema occurs when the veins in the lower limbs lose their tone and no longer transport blood to the heart as efficiently. […] This phenomenon is called venous stasis. […] It remains unclear why some individuals suffering from venous insufficiency only experience sensations of heaviness in the legs, while others develop stasis dermatitis in the absence of treatment. Physicians hypothesize that these patients have a predisposition on a genetic level. Additionally, factors such as overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and occupations that require prolonged standing, such as hairdressers or pharmacists, exacerbate the condition.

• #1 Varicose eczema – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/varicose-eczema/

  Over time the pressure can result in swelling of the leg, especially the ankles, and fluid may leak into surrounding tissue producing mottled discolouration and inflammation leading to varicose eczema. […] Abnormal vein function such as this is known as venous insufficiency. […] Varicose eczema manifests as itchy, dry, flaky areas of skin. […] Skin affected by varicose eczema is thin and unhealthy and can easily break down as soon as this happens, the area should be treated to help the skin heal quickly. […] If left untreated, the small hole can deepen and widen, and the resulting wound is called a varicose ulcer (also known as a venous ulcer or stasis ulcer). […] Varicose eczema can occur years later. […] If you have varicose veins, or have had phlebitis or a deep vein thrombosis, you will need to give extra care and attention to your legs for the rest of your life, since varicose eczema can occur years later.

• #1 Stasis dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasis_dermatitis

  Stasis dermatitis refers to the skin changes that occur in the leg as a result of „stasis” or blood pooling from insufficient venous return; the alternative name of varicose eczema comes from a common cause of this being varicose veins. […] Insufficient venous return results in increased pressure in the capillaries with the result that both fluid and cells may „leak” out of the capillaries. This results in red cells breaking down, with iron containing hemosiderin possibly contributing to the pathology of this entity. […] Ultimately, treating the underlying venous reflux is necessary to treat Stasis dermatitis.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-eczema/

  Varicose eczema is usually caused by increased pressure in the leg veins. […] When small valves in the veins stop working properly, it’s difficult for blood to be pushed upwards against gravity and it can leak backwards. […] This increases the pressure in the veins, which can cause fluid to leak into the surrounding tissue. It’s thought that varicose eczema may develop as a result of the immune system reacting to this fluid. […] Varicose eczema is more common in people with varicose veins, as these are also often a sign that the leg veins are not working properly. […] Some people develop the condition for no obvious reason, although there are some factors that increase the chance of this happening, including: […] sex varicose eczema is more common in women […] obesity this can increase the pressure in your leg veins

• #2 Varicose Eczema: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/eczema/varicose-eczema

  Varicose eczema is a skin condition that causes skin changes in your lower legs when you have varicose veins. […] Varicose veins occur when the one-way valves in the veins in your legs grow weak. This causes venous insufficiency or improper blood flow from your limbs upward to your heart. […] Blood then pools in the veins in your legs and leaks into your body tissues. Your immune system reacts by making your skin inflamed and causing eczema symptoms to appear. […] Varicose eczema often appears in the advanced stages of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). About 2.5 to 6 million people in the United States have advanced forms of CVI.

• #2 Varicose and Leg Eczema: Effective Treatments & Prevention Tips

  https://www.dexeryl.com/en/your-skin/atopic-dermatitis/eczema-body/eczema-leg-and-varicose

  Varicose eczema, a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin, shares similarities with atopic dermatitis but distinguishes itself by primarily targeting the legs of older adults. Its root cause is often chronic venous insufficiency, reaching stage C4 in the classification system utilized by vascular specialists. […] Varicose eczema and its underlying condition, chronic venous insufficiency, primarily stem from the malfunctioning of venous valves. This malfunction is often an intrinsic condition rooted in the individuals physiology. Less frequently, leg trauma or deep vein thrombosis (also known as phlebitis) can trigger varicose eczema. […] Venous hypertension triggers an accumulation of white blood cells (leukocytes) within the microcirculation of the legs. These leukocytes begin to adhere to the surfaces of veins and valves, instigating the destruction of endothelial cells, muscle cells, and the structural integrity of the vein walls themselves.

• #2 Venous eczema, gravitational eczema

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/venous-eczema

  Venous eczema appears to be due to fluid collecting in the tissues and activation of the innate immune response. […] A clot in the deep leg veins (deep venous thrombosis or DVT) or varicose veins may damage the valves. As a result back pressure develops and fluid collects in the tissues. An inflammatory reaction occurs. […] Varicose veins may develop again after an apparently successful operation because venous disease is progressive.

• #2 Stasis Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1084813-overview

  Subsequent research focused on the role of lower-extremity microcirculation in the pathogenesis of skin damage due to venous insufficiency. […] This increased permeability enables macromolecules, such as fibrinogen, to leak out into the pericapillary tissue; then, polymerization of fibrinogen to fibrin results in the formation of a fibrin cuff around dermal capillaries. […] Decreased cutaneous fibrinolytic activity has been proposed to contribute to the formation of fibrin cuffs. […] Formation of fibrin cuffs, coupled with decreased fibrinolysis, results in the dermal fibrosis that is the hallmark of advanced stasis dermatitis. […] The finding of leukocyte-mediated cytokine production, aided by fibrin cuff formation, provides a direct link between dysfunctional venous circulation and cutaneous inflammation with fibrosis.

• #2 Stasis dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasis_dermatitis

  Stasis dermatitis refers to the skin changes that occur in the leg as a result of „stasis” or blood pooling from insufficient venous return; the alternative name of varicose eczema comes from a common cause of this being varicose veins. […] Insufficient venous return results in increased pressure in the capillaries with the result that both fluid and cells may „leak” out of the capillaries. This results in red cells breaking down, with iron containing hemosiderin possibly contributing to the pathology of this entity. […] Ultimately, treating the underlying venous reflux is necessary to treat Stasis dermatitis.

• #2 Varicose eczema – National Eczema Society

  https://eczema.org/information-and-advice/types-of-eczema/varicose-eczema/

  Varicose eczema, also known as gravitational eczema or stasis eczema, is a common skin condition that affects the lower legs of adults. […] Varicose eczema can occur in younger people, too, if they have a genetic predisposition to varicose veins. […] You are most likely to develop this type of eczema if you have high blood pressure or varicose veins, or have had a deep vein thrombosis (a blood clot in the leg vein), phlebitis (inflammation of the vein wall) or cellulitis (infection in the skin) in the past. […] Other contributing factors include being overweight, immobility, and swelling caused by prolonged standing or hot weather. […] Trauma to the skin, such as an injury or bad insect bite, can also be a contributing factor. […] Varicose eczema is more common in women than in men since female hormones and pregnancy increase the risk of developing the condition.

• #2 Varicose Eczema | What’s Varicose Eczema & How Is It Treated?

  https://www.theindependentpharmacy.co.uk/eczema-dermatitis/guides/what-is-varicose-eczema

  Varicose eczema is a long-lasting or recurring skin condition thats common among people with varicose veins and older persons roughly 70% of people aged over 70 have varicose eczema. […] Increased pressure in your leg veins is the main cause of varicose eczema. […] Your blood can be pushed upwards if the small valves in your veins arent working properly. The result is venous insufficiency and this causes your blood to leak backwards, increasing pressure in your veins and causing fluid to drain into the tissue surrounding your veins. Your immune system reacts to this fluid and its believed that this reaction leads to varicose eczema. […] In addition to having had any of the above health problems, the below factors can be a factor in causing varicose eczema: Gender its more common for women to get varicose eczema, Being stationary for a long period of time, Getting older, Pregnancy, Obesity.

• #2 Varicose Eczema Symptoms, Causes & Treatment | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/conditions/varicose-eczema/

  Varicose eczema is caused by weak valves in the veins in your legs. This means that fluids from your blood can leak into the surrounding tissue, which causes inflammation in your skin and eczema symptoms. […] The most common cause is varicose veins, but other conditions that affect blood flow in your legs are: High blood pressure, Infections, such as cellulitis, Phlebitis inflammation of your vein wall, Previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or surgery to your legs, Obesity. […] Pregnancy and age can also affect blood flow in your legs.

• #2 What is Venous Eczema? Vein Specialists of the Carolinas

  https://veinscarolina.com/what-is-venous-eczema/

  Venous eczema, also known as varicose eczema or stasis dermatitis, is a type of eczema that usually occurs in the lower legs. […] It is caused by the same condition that leads to the appearance of varicose veins, venous insufficiency. […] Venous insufficiency is a condition that occurs when small valves inside the veins stop working properly. […] When they no longer function the way they are supposed to, blood can pool inside the vein and cause swelling and weakening. […] The extra work makes these vessels more prone to damage, which is why you are most likely to see both varicose veins and venous eczema appear around the lower legs, ankles and feet. […] Your risk for developing venous eczema is similar to your risk factors for varicose veins: Genetics if one or both of your parents had venous disorders, you will be more likely to also.

• #2 Stasis Dermatitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/eczema/types-of-eczema/stasis-dermatitis/

  Stasis dermatitis is caused by poor blood circulation. Poor blood circulation is usually caused by aging. The leg valves that pump blood back up to your heart weaken over time. When the veins aren’t working, some of the blood leaks and causes swelling and inflammation. Not everyone with venous insufficiency develops stasis dermatitis, but poor circulation increases risk. […] The exact reason why stasis dermatitis forms in some people with poor blood circulation but not others is unknown. Because of this, most treatments focus on managing symptoms and avoiding future flares. Researchers are still working to determine exactly why stasis dermatitis forms.

• #2 Varicose eczema or stasis dermatitis: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182793

  Venous stasis dermatitis, or varicose eczema, involves swollen and itchy discolored skin on the lower legs. It usually occurs when venous insufficiency leads to varicose veins. […] Varicose veins occur when veins of the legs become twisted, swollen, and more visible. They develop due to a weakening of the valves and walls of the veins. This weakening causes blood to collect in the vessels, which can result in varicose veins and swelling that develops into stasis dermatitis. […] The veins in the legs have valves that help push blood back toward the heart. With age, these valves can weaken. Weakened valves can cause fluid and blood to leak out and pool into the lower leg, leading to a condition known as venous insufficiency. […] Over time, if a person does not receive treatment, venous insufficiency can result in varicose veins and swelling that develop into venous stasis dermatitis. In this condition, the skin becomes irritated and starts to break down due to the fluid that collects under the skin. […] Venous stasis dermatitis is a chronic condition that affects the skin. The cause is poor circulation in the lower legs which leads to varicose veins. The veins eventually leak fluid and blood into the legs.

• #2 How Does Varicose Eczema Develop? Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.usaveinclinics.com/blog/varicose-eczema-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Varicose eczema is a complication of vein disease, so any symptoms of vein disease could be considered its early warning signs. Treating symptoms of vein disease, such as leg swelling or the appearance of varicose or spider veins, can lower your risk of developing varicose eczema. […] Without treatment, varicose eczema can lead to the development of open wounds called venous ulcers, which can take months to heal (or not at all). A hardening of the skin, called lipodermatosclerosis, can also develop, which is an early warning sign of severe vein disease.

• #2 Venous eczema – Sussex Community Dermatology Service

  https://sussexcds.co.uk/patient-information/venous-eczema/

  Venous eczema occurs when the valves in the leg veins do not work properly, reducing drainage of blood from the legs. This leads to an increase in the pressure inside the leg veins, which then causes damage to the overlying skin. The exact reason why the resulting skin changes occur is unclear, but is likely to be due to leakage of blood and blood products into the surrounding tissue. This then triggers inflammation in the skin. […] Being overweight can make the problem worse because of increased pressure on the leg veins. Immobility, leg swelling, varicose veins, previous clots in the leg (venous thrombosis) and previous cellulitis are other possible contributory factors.

• #2 Eczema – gravitational eczema

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/patient-info-leaflets/eczema-gravitational-eczema

  Gravitational eczema, also known as venous, varicose, or stasis eczema, is the name given to a type of eczema on the lower legs. […] When small valves in the leg veins stop working properly it becomes difficult for blood to be pushed upwards against gravity and it can leak backwards. This increases pressure in the veins, forcing fluid out into the surrounding tissue, which then triggers inflammation and other features associated with gravitational eczema. […] Factors associated with these changes include increasing age, gender (more common in women), obesity, pregnancy, immobility, previous blood clots in the leg (venous thrombosis) and previous cellulitis (skin infection). […] Unfortunately, the problem of the valves in the veins not working properly cannot be cured; this means that the management of gravitational eczema is long-term.

• #3 Varicose eczema | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/varicose-eczema

  Varicose eczema is usually caused by increased pressure in the leg veins. […] When the small valves in the veins stop working properly, it’s difficult for blood to be pushed upwards against gravity and it can leak backwards. […] This increases the pressure in the veins. […] Varicose eczema is more common in people with varicose veins. Varicose veins are also often a sign the leg veins aren’t working properly. […] Some people develop the condition for no obvious reason. There are also certain factors that increase the chances of developing the condition. These include: […] gender varicose eczema is more common in women […] obesity this can increase the pressure in your leg veins […] pregnancy this can also increase the pressure in your leg veins […] not being able to move for a long period of time this can affect the circulation in your leg veins […] having previously had deep vein thrombosis (DVT) blood clots that develop in leg veins, which can damage the valves in your veins […] increasing age people generally find it harder to move about as they get older, which can affect their circulation.

• #3 Stasis Dermatitis: An Overview of Its Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9968263/

  Venous reflux that drives venous hypertension can be the result of incompetent venous valves, obstruction to venous flow, or failure of the lower extremity muscle pump and may occur in the superficial or deep venous systems. […] In chronic venous insufficiency, increased venous hypertension initiates changes in the local subcutaneous tissue and skin, including activation of the endothelial cells, extravasation of red blood cells and macromolecules, diapedesis of leukocytes, and inflammatory changes that are often noted at and above the ankles. […] There is an accumulation of clinical evidence to support the concept that venous hypertension causes SD. […] In another study, venous hypertension was found to be the only plausible cause of SD in patients with superficial venous insufficiency, with negative patch testing and without insufficiency of the deep veins.

• #3

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/varicose-eczema/causes/

  Varicose eczema is usually caused by increased pressure in the leg veins. […] This increases the pressure in the veins which can cause fluid to leak into the nearby tissue. it is believed that the immune system reacts to this fluid, causing varicose eczema. […] Varicose eczema is more common in people with varicose veins. […] Some people develop the condition for no obvious reason. But there are certain factors that increase its chances. […] gender varicose eczema is more common in women […] obesity this can increase the pressure in your leg veins […] pregnancy this can also increase the pressure in your leg veins […] if you’ve had deep vein thrombosis (DVT) […] increasing age people generally find it harder to move about as they get older.

• #3 Stasis Dermatitis: An Overview of Its Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, and Management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9968263/

  Stasis dermatitis (SD), also known as venous eczema, stasis eczema, venous SD, or gravitational dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by underlying chronic venous insufficiency that typically affects the lower extremities of older individuals. […] In SD, alterations in the function of the deep venous plexus at the lower extremities cause blood to backflow to the superficial venous system, leading to venous hypertension, cutaneous inflammation, and a range of potential complications, including venous ulcers. […] Several risk factors were established with the development of venous insufficiency leading to SD, including older age, female sex, pregnancy, obesity, prolonged sitting or standing, heart failure, and family history of venous disease. […] The association with pregnancy and obesity is due to extra stress placed on the patients lower extremities.

• #3 Varicose Eczema | Vein Disease Symptoms — Physicians Vein Clinics

  https://physiciansveinclinics.com/symptom/eczema

  Eczema (or venous stasis dermatitis) happens when there are venous insufficiencies in the legs, usually occurring on the lower half of the legs. […] Chronic Venous insufficiency. Your legs have one-way valves that help blood move through and back to the heart from the legs. As the valves get damaged or weakened, blood flow has difficulty moving back to the heart. […] Varicose veins […] High blood pressure or a heart condition […] Deep vein thrombosis […] Sitting or standing for a long time […] Lack of Exercise […] Obesity […] Pregnancy.

• #3

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-eczema/

  pregnancy this can also increase the pressure in your leg veins […] a family history of venous insufficiency (where the veins in your legs have trouble sending blood back to your heart) […] not being able to move for a long period of time this can affect the circulation of blood in your leg veins […] having previously had DVT (deep vein thrombosis) blood clots that develop in leg veins which can damage the valves in your veins […] increasing age people generally find it harder to move about as they get older, which can affect their circulation.

• #3 Stasis dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasis_dermatitis

  Stasis dermatitis refers to the skin changes that occur in the leg as a result of „stasis” or blood pooling from insufficient venous return; the alternative name of varicose eczema comes from a common cause of this being varicose veins. […] Insufficient venous return results in increased pressure in the capillaries with the result that both fluid and cells may „leak” out of the capillaries. This results in red cells breaking down, with iron containing hemosiderin possibly contributing to the pathology of this entity. […] Ultimately, treating the underlying venous reflux is necessary to treat Stasis dermatitis.

• #4 What Is Varicose Eczema? – Vein Centers of Connecticut

  https://ctveindocs.com/blog/varicose-veins/varicose-eczema/

  The main cause of varicose eczema is a problem with blood flow. […] When pressure increases, blood can start to flow backward and pool in the legs, causing fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues. Our immune response to these fluids can result in varicose eczema. […] Other factors include gender, age, obesity, pregnancy, deep vein thrombosis and poor circulation. Varicose eczema is more common in women than men and people over 50.

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/varicose-eczema/

  pregnancy this can also increase the pressure in your leg veins […] a family history of venous insufficiency (where the veins in your legs have trouble sending blood back to your heart) […] not being able to move for a long period of time this can affect the circulation of blood in your leg veins […] having previously had DVT (deep vein thrombosis) blood clots that develop in leg veins which can damage the valves in your veins […] increasing age people generally find it harder to move about as they get older, which can affect their circulation.

• #4 Varicose Eczema and Stasis Dermatitis: Symptoms and Causes

  https://www.centerforvein.com/blog/varicose-eczema-and-stasis-dermatitis-symptoms-and-causes

  Varicose eczema is usually caused by increased blood pressure in the veins due to damaged vein valves (tiny flaps inside the veins that help push blood back toward the heart). […] Age and certain health issues can cause your vein valves not to work normally, known as venous insufficiency. As pressure increases, the damaged vein can leak fluid and blood under the skin and cause inflammation and then eczema. Other risk factors making venous stasis dermatitis more likely include: varicose veins, kidney failure, multiple pregnancies, being significantly overweight, high blood pressure, past surgeries or an injury to the affected area, heart conditions such as congestive heart failure, blood clots, especially in the leg, regularly going long periods of sitting or standing, lack of exercise.

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