Materiały źródłowe

• #1 About MIS | MIS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mis/about/index.html

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) can affect children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A). […] Based on what we know now, the best way to prevent MIS-C or MIS-A is to take actions to protect yourself from getting COVID-19, including COVID-19 vaccination for people 6 months and older.

• #2 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mis-c-in-kids-covid-19/symptoms-causes/syc-20502550

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a group of symptoms linked to swollen, called inflamed, organs or tissues. […] MIS-C is currently linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Most children who have MIS-C eventually get better with medical care. But some kids quickly get worse. MIS-C can cause life-threatening illness or death. […] The exact cause of MIS-C is not known yet. Many children with MIS-C have had a recent infection with the COVID-19 virus. Some may have a current infection with the virus. […] To prevent getting the COVID-19 virus and spreading it to others, the CDC recommends following these precautions: Keep hands clean. Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water aren’t available, use a hand sanitizer that has at least 60% alcohol. Avoid close contact with anyone who is sick. Avoid people who are coughing, sneezing or showing other signs that they might be sick and contagious. In public indoor spaces, keep distance between yourself and others. This is especially important in places with poor airflow. When COVID-19 community levels are high, wear a face mask in public indoor places. If your area has a high number of people with COVID-19 in the hospital, masks help prevent infection. The CDC suggests wearing the most protective mask possible that you’ll wear regularly, fits well and is comfortable. Avoid touching your nose, eyes and mouth. Urge your child to follow your lead and avoid touching the face. Cover your mouth with a tissue or your elbow when you sneeze or cough. Throw away the used tissue. Wash your hands right away. Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces regularly. This includes areas of your home such as doorknobs, light switches, remotes and keyboards.

• #3 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19

  https://health.choc.org/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-misc-and-covid-19-what-parents-should-know/

  MIS-C is a condition where different body parts – such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes or gastrointestinal organs – become inflamed. Many children with MIS-C have previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 or have been exposed to COVID-19. […] MIS-C can be serious, but most children have recovered. MIS-C, like Kawasaki disease, can be a very uncomfortable illness because it causes prolonged fever, irritation and inflammation in many tissues of the body. […] The main concern with MIS-C and Kawasaki disease is heart and blood vessel involvement. […] MIS-C is not contagious. […] MIS-C is a new illness and medical professionals are actively studying it to learn more. Children who have had serious cases of MIS-C should be followed by a multidisciplinary group of specialists who will oversee their care.

• #4 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MIS-C) – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/misc/index.html

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is vaccination for COVID-19, including staying up-to-date with vaccine recommendations. […] Studies have shown that children who are vaccinated are much less likely to develop MIS-C. […] COVID-19 vaccination has also been associated with less severe illness with MIS-C, such as needing ICU-level care. […] COVID-19 vaccines can be given to a child with a history of MIS-C to protect them from getting COVID-19 again as long as they have fully recovered and it has been at least 90 days since their MIS-C diagnosis. […] Parents should talk to their healthcare provider about COVID-19 vaccination in these situations.

• #5 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) – HAN

  https://www.chicagohan.org/covid-19/mis-c

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe post-infectious sequela of COVID-19 in children marked by fever, elevated inflammatory markers, and severe illness involving two or more organ systems. […] COVID-19 vaccination is highly effective in preventing MIS-C, and all age-eligible children should be up-to-date with their vaccination. […] All health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for MIS-C. […] Hospital infection preventionists should be notified immediately upon recognition of patients meeting case definition to initiate public health reporting.

• #6

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-023-01272-3

  Although there is no scientific evidence to support this hypothesis, the decrease in the risk of MIS-C may be attributed to significant mutations in superantigen motifs, which are believed to induce an exaggerated inflammatory reaction. […] In the USA, a recent case-control study showed that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is 91% effective in preventing MIS-C among vaccinated individuals aged 12-18 years. […] In conclusion, although MIS-C is a severe disease that should be monitored, it is clear that the risks posed by the SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine are far outweighed by its benefits.

• #7 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

  https://elsevier.health/en-US/preview/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c

  COVID-19 vaccination is effective in preventing MIS-C in children aged 5 to 18 years, and is likely effective at preventing MIS overall by lowering risk of preceding COVID-19 infection. […] COVID-19 vaccination (2 doses of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine is most studied) appears to be extremely effective in preventing MIS-C in children. […] Data suggest that vaccine effectiveness for MIS-C prevention is 90% to 91% in persons aged 12 to 18 years and about 84% in those aged 5 to 18 years. […] Limited data suggest that vaccine may diminish severity of MIS-C among people aged 12 to 18 years who were previously vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. […] Public health measures to decrease infection (eg, improving ventilation, testing with rapid isolation, staying home when sick, high-quality mask usage) will also decrease risk of MIS.

• #8

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/covid_inflammatory_condition.aspx

  You may have heard about a possible connection between COVID and a rare but serious health condition in children called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). […] Staying up to date with COVID vaccines protects against complications from COVID, including MIS-C. […] The best way to prevent MIS-C is for all eligible children age 6 months and up to get the updated COVID vaccine. […] While MIS-C sounds frightening, it is very rare. If your child has not received recommended immunizations, including the updated COVID vaccine, be sure to schedule their next well-child visit.

• #9

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-023-01272-3

  Although there is no scientific evidence to support this hypothesis, the decrease in the risk of MIS-C may be attributed to significant mutations in superantigen motifs, which are believed to induce an exaggerated inflammatory reaction. […] In the USA, a recent case-control study showed that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is 91% effective in preventing MIS-C among vaccinated individuals aged 12-18 years. […] In conclusion, although MIS-C is a severe disease that should be monitored, it is clear that the risks posed by the SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine are far outweighed by its benefits.

• #10 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MIS-C) – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/misc/index.html

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is vaccination for COVID-19, including staying up-to-date with vaccine recommendations. […] Studies have shown that children who are vaccinated are much less likely to develop MIS-C. […] COVID-19 vaccination has also been associated with less severe illness with MIS-C, such as needing ICU-level care. […] COVID-19 vaccines can be given to a child with a history of MIS-C to protect them from getting COVID-19 again as long as they have fully recovered and it has been at least 90 days since their MIS-C diagnosis. […] Parents should talk to their healthcare provider about COVID-19 vaccination in these situations.

• #11 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

  https://ceufast.com/course/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19

  The setting in which nurses work will impact the stage of the disease where they encounter children with MIS-C and, consequently, nursing interventions for these patients. […] Nurses working in pediatric and family medicine clinics, health departments, and schools are in a perfect position to impact vaccination rates for COVID-19, which is the most effective way to prevent occurrence of MIS-C cases. […] The current recommendation is for all children ages 6 months and older to receive an initial COVID-19 vaccine and at least 1 updated vaccine. […] Parents and children should be educated about the significantly decreased risk of MIS-C for children who are fully up to date on COVID-19 vaccines. […] Early identification of MIS-C is also an important nursing intervention. […] Awareness of risk factors, including age, gender, and race or ethnicity can help nurses identify children who require a high level of suspicion for MIS-C with presentation of an inflammatory process.

• #12 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MIS-C) – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/misc/index.html

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is vaccination for COVID-19, including staying up-to-date with vaccine recommendations. […] Studies have shown that children who are vaccinated are much less likely to develop MIS-C. […] COVID-19 vaccination has also been associated with less severe illness with MIS-C, such as needing ICU-level care. […] COVID-19 vaccines can be given to a child with a history of MIS-C to protect them from getting COVID-19 again as long as they have fully recovered and it has been at least 90 days since their MIS-C diagnosis. […] Parents should talk to their healthcare provider about COVID-19 vaccination in these situations.

• #13 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mis-c-in-kids-covid-19/symptoms-causes/syc-20502550

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a group of symptoms linked to swollen, called inflamed, organs or tissues. […] MIS-C is currently linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Most children who have MIS-C eventually get better with medical care. But some kids quickly get worse. MIS-C can cause life-threatening illness or death. […] The exact cause of MIS-C is not known yet. Many children with MIS-C have had a recent infection with the COVID-19 virus. Some may have a current infection with the virus. […] To prevent getting the COVID-19 virus and spreading it to others, the CDC recommends following these precautions: Keep hands clean. Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water aren’t available, use a hand sanitizer that has at least 60% alcohol. Avoid close contact with anyone who is sick. Avoid people who are coughing, sneezing or showing other signs that they might be sick and contagious. In public indoor spaces, keep distance between yourself and others. This is especially important in places with poor airflow. When COVID-19 community levels are high, wear a face mask in public indoor places. If your area has a high number of people with COVID-19 in the hospital, masks help prevent infection. The CDC suggests wearing the most protective mask possible that you’ll wear regularly, fits well and is comfortable. Avoid touching your nose, eyes and mouth. Urge your child to follow your lead and avoid touching the face. Cover your mouth with a tissue or your elbow when you sneeze or cough. Throw away the used tissue. Wash your hands right away. Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces regularly. This includes areas of your home such as doorknobs, light switches, remotes and keyboards.

• #14 MIS-C and COVID-19 in Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/mis-c-covid-19-in-children/

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is to avoid exposure to COVID-19. Families should take precautions against the coronavirus by practicing the following preventive measures together: […] Getting vaccinated as soon as you are eligible […] Knowing when to wear a mask or face covering […] Avoiding large or crowded gatherings and ensuring proper ventilation when possible, especially when transmission is high in your area […] Cleaning hands frequently and thoroughly […] Staying home when you are sick […] If you feel sick, getting tested for COVID-19. […] If your child has had a COVID-19 infection or been around someone who has, keep in mind that MIS-C is rare and there is no need to panic. Keep an eye out for symptoms and call your child’s doctor if you have concerns.

• #15 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MIS-C) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24592-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is to protect your child from a COVID-19 infection. You can keep your child safe by: […] Getting vaccinated for COVID-19 (including boosters if your childs pediatrician recommends them). […] Teaching your child to wear a face mask that fits snugly around their mouth and nose. […] Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth to prevent the spread of germs. […] Teaching your child to wash their hands often with soap and water. They can also use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (at least 60% alcohol) when theyre not near a sink. […] Avoiding close contact with people who have suspected or confirmed COVID-19. […] Socially distance yourself from others (at least 6 feet). […] Clean and sanitize frequently touched surfaces and objects. […] You can protect your child from developing MIS-C by getting them vaccinated and taking precautions around others like wearing a mask and washing their hands often.

• #16 MIS-C Clinic | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/programs-services/kawasaki-disease-clinic/mis-c-clinic/

  The MIS-C Clinic supports initial and follow-up care for children and teens diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome, a condition in which children have significant levels of inflammation following exposure to the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that causes COVID-19. […] We do not currently know if MIS-C itself can be prevented. The best way to help protect your other family members from MIS-C is to follow community and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for COVID-19 prevention. These include frequently washing your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, avoiding close contact with people who live outside the home and with those who have COVID-19 symptoms, regularly disinfecting household surfaces, and having children 2 and older wear a face covering in public.

• #17 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mis-c-in-kids-covid-19/symptoms-causes/syc-20502550

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a group of symptoms linked to swollen, called inflamed, organs or tissues. […] MIS-C is currently linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Most children who have MIS-C eventually get better with medical care. But some kids quickly get worse. MIS-C can cause life-threatening illness or death. […] The exact cause of MIS-C is not known yet. Many children with MIS-C have had a recent infection with the COVID-19 virus. Some may have a current infection with the virus. […] To prevent getting the COVID-19 virus and spreading it to others, the CDC recommends following these precautions: Keep hands clean. Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water aren’t available, use a hand sanitizer that has at least 60% alcohol. Avoid close contact with anyone who is sick. Avoid people who are coughing, sneezing or showing other signs that they might be sick and contagious. In public indoor spaces, keep distance between yourself and others. This is especially important in places with poor airflow. When COVID-19 community levels are high, wear a face mask in public indoor places. If your area has a high number of people with COVID-19 in the hospital, masks help prevent infection. The CDC suggests wearing the most protective mask possible that you’ll wear regularly, fits well and is comfortable. Avoid touching your nose, eyes and mouth. Urge your child to follow your lead and avoid touching the face. Cover your mouth with a tissue or your elbow when you sneeze or cough. Throw away the used tissue. Wash your hands right away. Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces regularly. This includes areas of your home such as doorknobs, light switches, remotes and keyboards.

• #18 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MIS-C) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24592-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is to protect your child from a COVID-19 infection. You can keep your child safe by: […] Getting vaccinated for COVID-19 (including boosters if your childs pediatrician recommends them). […] Teaching your child to wear a face mask that fits snugly around their mouth and nose. […] Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth to prevent the spread of germs. […] Teaching your child to wash their hands often with soap and water. They can also use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (at least 60% alcohol) when theyre not near a sink. […] Avoiding close contact with people who have suspected or confirmed COVID-19. […] Socially distance yourself from others (at least 6 feet). […] Clean and sanitize frequently touched surfaces and objects. […] You can protect your child from developing MIS-C by getting them vaccinated and taking precautions around others like wearing a mask and washing their hands often.

• #19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MIS-C) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24592-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is to protect your child from a COVID-19 infection. You can keep your child safe by: […] Getting vaccinated for COVID-19 (including boosters if your childs pediatrician recommends them). […] Teaching your child to wear a face mask that fits snugly around their mouth and nose. […] Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth to prevent the spread of germs. […] Teaching your child to wash their hands often with soap and water. They can also use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (at least 60% alcohol) when theyre not near a sink. […] Avoiding close contact with people who have suspected or confirmed COVID-19. […] Socially distance yourself from others (at least 6 feet). […] Clean and sanitize frequently touched surfaces and objects. […] You can protect your child from developing MIS-C by getting them vaccinated and taking precautions around others like wearing a mask and washing their hands often.

• #20 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mis-c-in-kids-covid-19/symptoms-causes/syc-20502550

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a group of symptoms linked to swollen, called inflamed, organs or tissues. […] MIS-C is currently linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] Most children who have MIS-C eventually get better with medical care. But some kids quickly get worse. MIS-C can cause life-threatening illness or death. […] The exact cause of MIS-C is not known yet. Many children with MIS-C have had a recent infection with the COVID-19 virus. Some may have a current infection with the virus. […] To prevent getting the COVID-19 virus and spreading it to others, the CDC recommends following these precautions: Keep hands clean. Wash hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water aren’t available, use a hand sanitizer that has at least 60% alcohol. Avoid close contact with anyone who is sick. Avoid people who are coughing, sneezing or showing other signs that they might be sick and contagious. In public indoor spaces, keep distance between yourself and others. This is especially important in places with poor airflow. When COVID-19 community levels are high, wear a face mask in public indoor places. If your area has a high number of people with COVID-19 in the hospital, masks help prevent infection. The CDC suggests wearing the most protective mask possible that you’ll wear regularly, fits well and is comfortable. Avoid touching your nose, eyes and mouth. Urge your child to follow your lead and avoid touching the face. Cover your mouth with a tissue or your elbow when you sneeze or cough. Throw away the used tissue. Wash your hands right away. Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces regularly. This includes areas of your home such as doorknobs, light switches, remotes and keyboards.

• #21 MIS-C and COVID-19 in Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/mis-c-covid-19-in-children/

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is to avoid exposure to COVID-19. Families should take precautions against the coronavirus by practicing the following preventive measures together: […] Getting vaccinated as soon as you are eligible […] Knowing when to wear a mask or face covering […] Avoiding large or crowded gatherings and ensuring proper ventilation when possible, especially when transmission is high in your area […] Cleaning hands frequently and thoroughly […] Staying home when you are sick […] If you feel sick, getting tested for COVID-19. […] If your child has had a COVID-19 infection or been around someone who has, keep in mind that MIS-C is rare and there is no need to panic. Keep an eye out for symptoms and call your child’s doctor if you have concerns.

• #22 MIS-C and COVID-19 in Children | Children’s Hospital Colorado

  https://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/conditions-and-symptoms/conditions/mis-c-covid-19-in-children/

  The best way to prevent MIS-C is to avoid exposure to COVID-19. Families should take precautions against the coronavirus by practicing the following preventive measures together: […] Getting vaccinated as soon as you are eligible […] Knowing when to wear a mask or face covering […] Avoiding large or crowded gatherings and ensuring proper ventilation when possible, especially when transmission is high in your area […] Cleaning hands frequently and thoroughly […] Staying home when you are sick […] If you feel sick, getting tested for COVID-19. […] If your child has had a COVID-19 infection or been around someone who has, keep in mind that MIS-C is rare and there is no need to panic. Keep an eye out for symptoms and call your child’s doctor if you have concerns.

• #23 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

  https://ceufast.com/course/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19

  The setting in which nurses work will impact the stage of the disease where they encounter children with MIS-C and, consequently, nursing interventions for these patients. […] Nurses working in pediatric and family medicine clinics, health departments, and schools are in a perfect position to impact vaccination rates for COVID-19, which is the most effective way to prevent occurrence of MIS-C cases. […] The current recommendation is for all children ages 6 months and older to receive an initial COVID-19 vaccine and at least 1 updated vaccine. […] Parents and children should be educated about the significantly decreased risk of MIS-C for children who are fully up to date on COVID-19 vaccines. […] Early identification of MIS-C is also an important nursing intervention. […] Awareness of risk factors, including age, gender, and race or ethnicity can help nurses identify children who require a high level of suspicion for MIS-C with presentation of an inflammatory process.

• #24 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): What Physicians Need to Know  | Children’s Hospital Los Angeles

  https://www.chla.org/blog/experts/peds-practice-tips/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-children-mis-c-what-physicians-need

  On March 14, 2020, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) described the condition and named it multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, or MIS-C, but it has been reported under other names and acronyms (pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, PMIS, PIMS, PIMS-TS, etc.). Though the phenotype is not yet well categorized, it is emerging as a post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population. […] Ultimately, the big question we all have is: What are the consequences of under-diagnosis or over diagnosis of this condition? We must avoid unwarranted alarm and stress, but can we be sure we are not missing permanent coronary artery changes? […] To avoid being trapped in this dilemma, and to avoid cognitive bias, it is crucial to have a high index of suspicion for disease relating to this novel condition when evaluating children with fever and signs of inflammation, and in those who have unusual symptoms or severity compared to the expected course for the presumed diagnosis.

• #25

  https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2022/11000/investigating_health_disparities_associated_with.5.aspx

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a postinfectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related complication that has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minority children. […] Understanding why health disparities by race and ethnicity are associated with MIS-C is a public health priority. […] This investigation provides further evidence that non-Hispanic Black children appear to have higher likelihood of developing MIS-C after SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjustment for high weight-for-age as a proxy for obesity and social vulnerability measures. […] Investigations of other households, environmental and immunologic triggers for MIS-C are warranted to identify modifiable factors for MIS-C prevention.

• #26 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome.page

  MIS-C is not contagious, but it may be related to a COVID-19 infection, which is contagious. […] You and your child should follow general COVID-19 prevention guidance. It is important you and your child wear a mask, wash your hands and practice physical distancing. […] Children with underlying medical conditions can be at higher risk for poor outcomes of COVID-19, making prevention measures even more important.

• #27

  https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2022/11000/investigating_health_disparities_associated_with.5.aspx

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a postinfectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related complication that has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minority children. […] Understanding why health disparities by race and ethnicity are associated with MIS-C is a public health priority. […] This investigation provides further evidence that non-Hispanic Black children appear to have higher likelihood of developing MIS-C after SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjustment for high weight-for-age as a proxy for obesity and social vulnerability measures. […] Investigations of other households, environmental and immunologic triggers for MIS-C are warranted to identify modifiable factors for MIS-C prevention.

• #28

  https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2022/11000/investigating_health_disparities_associated_with.5.aspx

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a postinfectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related complication that has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minority children. […] Understanding why health disparities by race and ethnicity are associated with MIS-C is a public health priority. […] This investigation provides further evidence that non-Hispanic Black children appear to have higher likelihood of developing MIS-C after SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjustment for high weight-for-age as a proxy for obesity and social vulnerability measures. […] Investigations of other households, environmental and immunologic triggers for MIS-C are warranted to identify modifiable factors for MIS-C prevention.

• #29 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

  https://ceufast.com/course/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19

  The setting in which nurses work will impact the stage of the disease where they encounter children with MIS-C and, consequently, nursing interventions for these patients. […] Nurses working in pediatric and family medicine clinics, health departments, and schools are in a perfect position to impact vaccination rates for COVID-19, which is the most effective way to prevent occurrence of MIS-C cases. […] The current recommendation is for all children ages 6 months and older to receive an initial COVID-19 vaccine and at least 1 updated vaccine. […] Parents and children should be educated about the significantly decreased risk of MIS-C for children who are fully up to date on COVID-19 vaccines. […] Early identification of MIS-C is also an important nursing intervention. […] Awareness of risk factors, including age, gender, and race or ethnicity can help nurses identify children who require a high level of suspicion for MIS-C with presentation of an inflammatory process.

• #30 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) – HAN

  https://www.chicagohan.org/covid-19/mis-c

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe post-infectious sequela of COVID-19 in children marked by fever, elevated inflammatory markers, and severe illness involving two or more organ systems. […] COVID-19 vaccination is highly effective in preventing MIS-C, and all age-eligible children should be up-to-date with their vaccination. […] All health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for MIS-C. […] Hospital infection preventionists should be notified immediately upon recognition of patients meeting case definition to initiate public health reporting.

• #31 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

  https://ceufast.com/course/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19

  The setting in which nurses work will impact the stage of the disease where they encounter children with MIS-C and, consequently, nursing interventions for these patients. […] Nurses working in pediatric and family medicine clinics, health departments, and schools are in a perfect position to impact vaccination rates for COVID-19, which is the most effective way to prevent occurrence of MIS-C cases. […] The current recommendation is for all children ages 6 months and older to receive an initial COVID-19 vaccine and at least 1 updated vaccine. […] Parents and children should be educated about the significantly decreased risk of MIS-C for children who are fully up to date on COVID-19 vaccines. […] Early identification of MIS-C is also an important nursing intervention. […] Awareness of risk factors, including age, gender, and race or ethnicity can help nurses identify children who require a high level of suspicion for MIS-C with presentation of an inflammatory process.

• #32 Parents: Be aware of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 – MultiCare Mary Bridge Children’s Hospital & Health Network Parents: Be aware of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COV

  https://www.marybridge.org/blog/parents-be-aware-of-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19/

  Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious illness where a child’s body parts can become inflamed, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes or gastrointestinal organs, such as the stomach or intestines. […] While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) do not yet know what causes MIS-C, many children diagnosed with MIS-C recently had been sick with COVID-19 or had been around someone with COVID-19. […] MIS-C can be serious, even deadly. Most children recover when they receive proper care, however, so it is important that children who may have this illness be seen by a doctor as soon as possible. […] MIS-C is not contagious. However, it may be related to COVID-19, it’s important to take precautions to help limit your child’s exposure to COVID-19, which is contagious. Implement common safety precautions, such as handwashing, social distancing and avoiding those that are sick, to protect your child against both COVID-19 and MIS-C.

• #33 What Parents Need to Know About Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/what-parents-should-know-about-misc

  Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an extremely rare condition in which different parts of the body including eyes, skin and some internal organs become inflamed. MIS-C is a serious condition requiring hospital care. […] While we understand you may be uncomfortable about visiting the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic, its critical not to delay medical attention for children with MIS-C. […] Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children is treated with medications typically used to treat Kawasaki disease, including steroids and intravenous immunoglobin (IVIG). These medications reduce the bodys excessive immune response, lowering fever and inflammation and allowing heart function to return to normal. Most patients diagnosed with MIS-C recover quickly with treatment.

• #34 Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Decision-Making Regarding a New Condition in the Absence of Clinical Trial Data

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705008/

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new illness that evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic with initial reports of severe disease including use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and death. […] Herein, we review guidelines and discuss the evidence informing early recommendations, how this has evolved, the role and limitations of expert opinion and observational data, and the importance of leveraging existing research infrastructures, such as the intensive care unit collaborative (Overcoming COVID-19 surveillance registry), and the International Kawasaki Disease Registry. […] The emergence of MIS-C during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted unmet needs regarding research of a new condition. […] The importance of expeditious initiation of immunomodulatory treatment remains a cornerstone in all of the currently published guidelines for treatment.

• #35 Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Decision-Making Regarding a New Condition in the Absence of Clinical Trial Data

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705008/

  Most published recommendations include combination therapy of IVIG and steroids as the first-line therapy for MIS-C. […] Current therapies are on the basis of expert opinion, similarities to other pediatric conditions like KD, and multiple observational studies. […] Herein, we have provided guidance on developing future clinical trials for such a rare condition to help inform optimal treatment strategies.

• #36 Combination regimen proves effective for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children | MUSC | Charleston, SC

  https://web.musc.edu/about/news-center/2021/07/26/mack-misc-therapy

  A team of pediatricians at MUSC Childrens Health contributed to a nationwide study of effective treatments for multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), a novel COVID-19-associated disease found in children and adolescents. The results of the study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, show that a combination of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is effective against MIS-C. […] The study describes the outcomes associated with treating MIS-C with IVIG alone or in combination with steroids. The results show that the use of the combination therapy is effective against MIS-C. […] The kids treated upfront with both IVIG and steroids have better cardiovascular outcomes, said Mack. […] The MIS-C team at MUSC Childrens Health provided the depth of subspecialty expertise and clinical experience needed to make contributions to this study, which has identified a much-needed therapy for MIS-C.

• #37 Combination regimen proves effective for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children | MUSC | Charleston, SC

  https://web.musc.edu/about/news-center/2021/07/26/mack-misc-therapy

  A team of pediatricians at MUSC Childrens Health contributed to a nationwide study of effective treatments for multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), a novel COVID-19-associated disease found in children and adolescents. The results of the study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, show that a combination of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is effective against MIS-C. […] The study describes the outcomes associated with treating MIS-C with IVIG alone or in combination with steroids. The results show that the use of the combination therapy is effective against MIS-C. […] The kids treated upfront with both IVIG and steroids have better cardiovascular outcomes, said Mack. […] The MIS-C team at MUSC Childrens Health provided the depth of subspecialty expertise and clinical experience needed to make contributions to this study, which has identified a much-needed therapy for MIS-C.

• #38 Prior COVID infection lowers risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in kids | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/prior-covid-infection-lowers-risk-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-kids

  A pair of studies sheds new light on the SARS-CoV-2 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), with Dutch researchers finding that previous COVID-19 infection helps protect children against the condition, and a US study showing that low-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were tied to shorter hospital stays and less severe disease. […] Our data supports the notion that, similar to adults, prior immunity protects against severe sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children. […] Patients who received high-dose steroids and aspirin had increased rates of severe outcomes and longer duration of treatment, indicating that patients with severe illness may have been selected for these treatments. […] Furthermore, treatment with IVIG and low-dose steroids within 1 day of hospitalization lowered the risk of severe outcomes, illustrating that prompt treatment is essential for better outcomes among patients with MIS-C.

• #39 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02263-w

  Multisystem inflammatory system in children and neonates (MIS-C and MIS-N) post COVID require an internationally recognized consensus definition and international datasets to improve management and plan future clinical trials. […] Further understanding of the pathophysiology of MIS-C and MIS-N will allow future targeted therapies to prevent and limit clinical sequelae. […] The diagnostic criteria for MIS during the neonatal period (MIS-N) are controversial and evolving. […] Our recommended definition is shown in Table 3 and is modified from Pawar et al. […] Due to a lack of prospective data to inform the treatment approach to MIS-C and MIS-N, North American treatment protocols have largely been based on the treatment of KD and other inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. […] The American College of Rheumatology has provided guidance regarding treatment, and note that a stepwise approach is recommended, and some patients with mild symptoms may not require any treatment but only close monitoring.

• #40 MIS-C for Healthcare Professionals | Georgia Department of Public Health

  https://dph.georgia.gov/mis-c-healthcare-professionals

  MIS-C is reportable in Georgia, and suspect cases should be reported to the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH). […] Any suspect MIS-C case should be cared for in a hospital with tertiary pediatric/cardiac intensive care units. […] Thrombotic prophylaxis is often used given the hypercoagulable state typically associated with MIS-C.

• #41 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

  https://ceufast.com/course/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19

  It should also be noted the IVIG administration is associated with a temporary inhibition of the immune response and so attenuated viral vaccines such as MMR and varicella should be delayed for 11-12 months after a child receives IVIG. […] Children treated with high dose aspirin should be cautioned about this risk and encouraged to stay up to date with seasonal influenza vaccines.

• #42 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

  https://ceufast.com/course/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19

  Nurses should be highly suspicious of the disease with children who present with severe abdominal symptoms, hemodynamic instability, cardiac dysfunction, severely elevated inflammatory labs, or shock. […] For children in which MIS-C has been identified, nursing care will involve support of vital signs, possible use of mechanical ventilation or ECMO, and administration of various medications to treat hypotension, cardiac dysfunction, and hyperinflammation. […] Nurses should be prepared to educate families about the risks of widespread inflammation and blood clots on the various organ systems and be able to explain the use of aspirin, IVIG, corticosteroids, and even immunomodulatory agents to reduce the inflammatory process and preserve organ function. […] Close follow-up is needed to track the return of inflammatory markers back to normal, monitor cardiac function and resolution of coronary artery dilation, and assess for any lasting organ dysfunction or damage.

• #43 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19

  https://health.choc.org/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-misc-and-covid-19-what-parents-should-know/

  MIS-C is a condition where different body parts – such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes or gastrointestinal organs – become inflamed. Many children with MIS-C have previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 or have been exposed to COVID-19. […] MIS-C can be serious, but most children have recovered. MIS-C, like Kawasaki disease, can be a very uncomfortable illness because it causes prolonged fever, irritation and inflammation in many tissues of the body. […] The main concern with MIS-C and Kawasaki disease is heart and blood vessel involvement. […] MIS-C is not contagious. […] MIS-C is a new illness and medical professionals are actively studying it to learn more. Children who have had serious cases of MIS-C should be followed by a multidisciplinary group of specialists who will oversee their care.

• #44 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with COVID-19

  https://ceufast.com/course/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-associated-with-covid-19

  It should also be noted the IVIG administration is associated with a temporary inhibition of the immune response and so attenuated viral vaccines such as MMR and varicella should be delayed for 11-12 months after a child receives IVIG. […] Children treated with high dose aspirin should be cautioned about this risk and encouraged to stay up to date with seasonal influenza vaccines.

• #45 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and COVID-19

  https://health.choc.org/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-misc-and-covid-19-what-parents-should-know/

  MIS-C is a condition where different body parts – such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes or gastrointestinal organs – become inflamed. Many children with MIS-C have previously been diagnosed with COVID-19 or have been exposed to COVID-19. […] MIS-C can be serious, but most children have recovered. MIS-C, like Kawasaki disease, can be a very uncomfortable illness because it causes prolonged fever, irritation and inflammation in many tissues of the body. […] The main concern with MIS-C and Kawasaki disease is heart and blood vessel involvement. […] MIS-C is not contagious. […] MIS-C is a new illness and medical professionals are actively studying it to learn more. Children who have had serious cases of MIS-C should be followed by a multidisciplinary group of specialists who will oversee their care.

• #46 Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Disease and COVID-19

  https://www.hcplive.com/view/pediatric-multisystem-inflammatory-disease-covid-19

  Until more is known about long-term cardiac mechanisms behind MIS-C, providers could consider following Kawasaki disease guidelines for follow-up care. […] The clinical and the laboratory features of hyperinflammation, the timing of onset in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the similarities with the disease pattern in adults with Covid-19 support the hypothesis that MIS-C is a consequence of immune-mediated injury triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the study authors concluded.

• #47 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/MIS-C.aspx

  In the Spring of 2020, doctors noticed that some children who had recently had COVID-19 were getting very sick with a new illness. This illness was called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). It caused symptoms like fever, inflammation throughout the body, and problems in multiple body systems, which were serious enough to require hospitalization. The number of MIS-C cases was highest in 2020 and went down a lot over the next three years. By 2024, fewer than 10 cases were reported each year in California. […] MIS-C only affects people who are under 21 years old, and most cases happen in school-aged children. We still dont know why some children get this illness after COVID-19 and why it has become so rare. Other infections, like chickenpox and strep throat, can also lead to inflammatory diseases after recovery. To learn more about MIS-C, including its causes, best treatments, and outcomes, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) works with the CDC to keep track of cases. […] COVID-19 vaccinations can help protect your child from MIS-C. To keep your child safe, it’s important to make sure they get all their COVID-19 vaccines on time.

• #48

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-023-01272-3

  This paper will review the current literature, focusing on the immunological aspects of MIS-C and severe COVID pneumonia in children and its potential link to long COVID. […] Studies carried out in various countries have found that the prevalence of MIS-C is significantly decreasing but remains a serious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] In a study in England, the estimated odds that MIS-C occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection in those under 15 years of age were 0.045%, with a 95% credible interval ranging from 0.035 to 0.068% during the Alfa and Delta waves. […] The emergence of the more contagious Omicron variant has presented us with numerous difficulties, notably its increased transmissibility, reduced effectiveness even after vaccination, and waning efficacy over time. […] The severity of MIS-C severity can differ for a few reasons, such as host immune response variances, earlier clinical diagnosis, or MIS-C treatment.

• #49

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-023-01272-3

  This paper will review the current literature, focusing on the immunological aspects of MIS-C and severe COVID pneumonia in children and its potential link to long COVID. […] Studies carried out in various countries have found that the prevalence of MIS-C is significantly decreasing but remains a serious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. […] In a study in England, the estimated odds that MIS-C occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection in those under 15 years of age were 0.045%, with a 95% credible interval ranging from 0.035 to 0.068% during the Alfa and Delta waves. […] The emergence of the more contagious Omicron variant has presented us with numerous difficulties, notably its increased transmissibility, reduced effectiveness even after vaccination, and waning efficacy over time. […] The severity of MIS-C severity can differ for a few reasons, such as host immune response variances, earlier clinical diagnosis, or MIS-C treatment.

• #50

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-023-01272-3

  Although there is no scientific evidence to support this hypothesis, the decrease in the risk of MIS-C may be attributed to significant mutations in superantigen motifs, which are believed to induce an exaggerated inflammatory reaction. […] In the USA, a recent case-control study showed that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is 91% effective in preventing MIS-C among vaccinated individuals aged 12-18 years. […] In conclusion, although MIS-C is a severe disease that should be monitored, it is clear that the risks posed by the SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine are far outweighed by its benefits.

• #51 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) possibly secondary to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination | BMJ Case Reports

  https://casereports.bmj.com/content/15/3/e247176

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 is a postinfectious condition identified during the COVID-19 pandemic with specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and WHO criteria. […] Theoretical concerns have been raised whether MIS-C might also occur after COVID-19 vaccination, as the pathogenesis of MIS-C is not yet entirely understood. […] While vaccination remains safe and critical in controlling the pandemic, it may be considered as a potential trigger for MIS-C in patients with no history of infection. […] Further surveillance is necessary to determine whether MIS-C will emerge as a confirmed adverse event after COVID-19 vaccination. […] Theoretical concerns have been raised about COVID-19 vaccine triggering MIS-C. […] Our patient presented with her illness 12 weeks after vaccination.

• #52

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-023-01272-3

  Although there is no scientific evidence to support this hypothesis, the decrease in the risk of MIS-C may be attributed to significant mutations in superantigen motifs, which are believed to induce an exaggerated inflammatory reaction. […] In the USA, a recent case-control study showed that the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine is 91% effective in preventing MIS-C among vaccinated individuals aged 12-18 years. […] In conclusion, although MIS-C is a severe disease that should be monitored, it is clear that the risks posed by the SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine are far outweighed by its benefits.

• #53 Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Decision-Making Regarding a New Condition in the Absence of Clinical Trial Data

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9705008/

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new illness that evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic with initial reports of severe disease including use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and death. […] Herein, we review guidelines and discuss the evidence informing early recommendations, how this has evolved, the role and limitations of expert opinion and observational data, and the importance of leveraging existing research infrastructures, such as the intensive care unit collaborative (Overcoming COVID-19 surveillance registry), and the International Kawasaki Disease Registry. […] The emergence of MIS-C during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted unmet needs regarding research of a new condition. […] The importance of expeditious initiation of immunomodulatory treatment remains a cornerstone in all of the currently published guidelines for treatment.

• #54 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02263-w

  Neonatal management of MIS-C/MIS-N is predominantly supportive. […] Further collaborative networks for children with MIS-C or MIS-N to understand the immune function and optimal therapies are vital. […] Understanding immune function would also allow the monitoring of disease progress and response to therapy with biomarkers such as cytokines.

• #55 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02263-w

  Multisystem inflammatory system in children and neonates (MIS-C and MIS-N) post COVID require an internationally recognized consensus definition and international datasets to improve management and plan future clinical trials. […] Further understanding of the pathophysiology of MIS-C and MIS-N will allow future targeted therapies to prevent and limit clinical sequelae. […] The diagnostic criteria for MIS during the neonatal period (MIS-N) are controversial and evolving. […] Our recommended definition is shown in Table 3 and is modified from Pawar et al. […] Due to a lack of prospective data to inform the treatment approach to MIS-C and MIS-N, North American treatment protocols have largely been based on the treatment of KD and other inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. […] The American College of Rheumatology has provided guidance regarding treatment, and note that a stepwise approach is recommended, and some patients with mild symptoms may not require any treatment but only close monitoring.

• #56 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02263-w

  Multisystem inflammatory system in children and neonates (MIS-C and MIS-N) post COVID require an internationally recognized consensus definition and international datasets to improve management and plan future clinical trials. […] Further understanding of the pathophysiology of MIS-C and MIS-N will allow future targeted therapies to prevent and limit clinical sequelae. […] The diagnostic criteria for MIS during the neonatal period (MIS-N) are controversial and evolving. […] Our recommended definition is shown in Table 3 and is modified from Pawar et al. […] Due to a lack of prospective data to inform the treatment approach to MIS-C and MIS-N, North American treatment protocols have largely been based on the treatment of KD and other inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. […] The American College of Rheumatology has provided guidance regarding treatment, and note that a stepwise approach is recommended, and some patients with mild symptoms may not require any treatment but only close monitoring.

• #57

  https://journals.lww.com/pidj/fulltext/2022/11000/investigating_health_disparities_associated_with.5.aspx

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a postinfectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related complication that has disproportionately affected racial/ethnic minority children. […] Understanding why health disparities by race and ethnicity are associated with MIS-C is a public health priority. […] This investigation provides further evidence that non-Hispanic Black children appear to have higher likelihood of developing MIS-C after SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjustment for high weight-for-age as a proxy for obesity and social vulnerability measures. […] Investigations of other households, environmental and immunologic triggers for MIS-C are warranted to identify modifiable factors for MIS-C prevention.

• #58 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02263-w

  Neonatal management of MIS-C/MIS-N is predominantly supportive. […] Further collaborative networks for children with MIS-C or MIS-N to understand the immune function and optimal therapies are vital. […] Understanding immune function would also allow the monitoring of disease progress and response to therapy with biomarkers such as cytokines.

• #59 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and neonates (MIS-N) associated with COVID-19: optimizing definition and management | Pediatric Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41390-022-02263-w

  Neonatal management of MIS-C/MIS-N is predominantly supportive. […] Further collaborative networks for children with MIS-C or MIS-N to understand the immune function and optimal therapies are vital. […] Understanding immune function would also allow the monitoring of disease progress and response to therapy with biomarkers such as cytokines.

• #60

  https://emscimprovement.center/education-and-resources/toolkits/pediatric-disaster-preparedness-toolbox/covid-19-coronavirus/multi-inflammatory-syndrome-children-mis-c/

  Health officials are advising clinicians about a rare but serious inflammatory condition seen in children and linked to COVID-19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is calling the condition multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and is urging clinicians to report suspected cases so officials can learn more. […] CDC recommends healthcare providers report any patient who meets the case definition to local, state, and territorial health departments to enhance knowledge of risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical course, and treatment of this syndrome. […] Experts are shedding more light on a rare but serious inflammatory syndrome linked to COVID-19 that is affecting children.

• #61 About MIS | MIS | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/mis/about/index.html

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) can affect children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A). […] Based on what we know now, the best way to prevent MIS-C or MIS-A is to take actions to protect yourself from getting COVID-19, including COVID-19 vaccination for people 6 months and older.

• #62

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/covid_inflammatory_condition.aspx

  You may have heard about a possible connection between COVID and a rare but serious health condition in children called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). […] Staying up to date with COVID vaccines protects against complications from COVID, including MIS-C. […] The best way to prevent MIS-C is for all eligible children age 6 months and up to get the updated COVID vaccine. […] While MIS-C sounds frightening, it is very rare. If your child has not received recommended immunizations, including the updated COVID vaccine, be sure to schedule their next well-child visit.

• #63 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/airborne/MIS-C.shtml

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a condition that causes inflammation of certain body parts. MIS-C is associated with COVID-19 but is rare. […] The best way to prevent MIS-C is to protect against getting SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection, including staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccines and other prevention actions.

• #64 What Parents Should Know About Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)

  https://www.munsonhealthcare.org/blog/what-parents-should-know-about-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-%28mis-c%29

  As positive cases and hospitalization rates rose to record-breaking levels this spring, northern Michigan parents should be aware of a rare COVID-19 complication in children and young adults called multisystem inflammatory syndrome. […] Parents should be aware of MIS-C and inform a healthcare provider if there are changes in their child’s health. […] Although a child’s risk of death from COVID-19 and complications like MIS-C remains low, it’s clear that infections and hospitalizations among children are much higher today than at any other point in the pandemic. That means parents must continue to look for changes in their children’s health even those who have not tested positive for COVID-19. […] Thankfully, the same actions that keep you and your family safe from COVID-19 will help lower your child’s risk of contracting multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Things like scheduling your child’s COVID-19 vaccine at the earliest opportunity (for those in authorized age ranges), keeping your distance (6 or more feet) from people outside your immediate household, wearing your mask when you go out, washing your hands frequently (or use hand sanitizer with 60% or more alcohol), and following your doctor’s trusted advice for recommended appointments, screenings, and treatments.

• #65

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/covid_inflammatory_condition.aspx

  You may have heard about a possible connection between COVID and a rare but serious health condition in children called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). […] Staying up to date with COVID vaccines protects against complications from COVID, including MIS-C. […] The best way to prevent MIS-C is for all eligible children age 6 months and up to get the updated COVID vaccine. […] While MIS-C sounds frightening, it is very rare. If your child has not received recommended immunizations, including the updated COVID vaccine, be sure to schedule their next well-child visit.

• #66 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

  https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c

  Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a syndrome linked to a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus responsible for COVID-19. […] MIS-C is treatable using medications to control inflammation and to help prevent organ damage. […] Most children with MIS-C recover completely with timely medical care. […] There is no known way to prevent MIS-C but you should continue to follow public health guidelines to reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19 including the use of masks, hand hygiene and vaccination.

Zobacz więcej