Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Myofascial pain syndrome – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20375444

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a long-term pain condition. It involves some muscles and the thin cover of tissue that holds muscles in place, called fascia. Pressure on these areas, called trigger points, causes pain. […] This syndrome can happen after a muscle has been tensed over and over. Repeated motions used in jobs or hobbies can be the cause. So can stress-related muscle tension, poor posture and weak muscles. In some cases, the cause of myofascial pain is unknown. […] The exact cause of myofascial pain syndrome is not known. Areas of tight muscle fibers, called trigger points, form in muscles. Too much use of the muscles, most often with poor form, injury to the muscle and mental stress likely help cause trigger points. […] A muscle injury or ongoing muscle stress may lead to the forming of trigger points. For instance, a spot in or near a strained muscle may become a trigger point. Repeat motions and poor posture also can increase the risk. […] People who often feel stressed and anxious may be more likely to get trigger points in their muscles. One theory is that these people may be more likely to clench their muscles. Clenching is a form of repeated strain that leaves muscles open to trigger points.

• #2 Myofascial Pain Syndrome – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499882/

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by regional pain within the muscle, fascia, or surrounding soft tissue. […] The exact cause remains unclear, although muscle overload due to overuse or disuse is a key factor. […] The etiology of myofascial pain syndrome is not yet fully understood, although muscle overload is thought to be a cause as a consequence of overuse or disuse. […] Common risk factors include: Traumatic factors, such as muscle injury; Ergonomic factors, such as overuse activities and poor posture; Structural factors, such as spondylosis, scoliosis, and osteoarthritis; Systemic factors, such as hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, and iron deficiency.

• #3 Myofascial Pain Syndrome: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12054-myofascial-pain-syndrome

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic condition that arises from inflammation in your muscles and fascia (the thin, connective tissue that surrounds your muscles). […] Some of the most common causes seem to include muscle injury, repetitive motions (like hammering), and poor posture. […] Risk factors that might contribute to the development of myofascial pain syndrome include muscle weakness, lack of muscle activity (like having your leg in a cast), working in or living in a cold environment, emotional stress (can cause muscle tension), pinched nerves, metabolic or hormonal issues like thyroid disease or diabetes-related neuropathy, vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin D and folate, and chronic infections.

• #4 Myofascial Pain: Treatment, Symptoms, Causes, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/myofascial-pain

  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) involves localized pain in one or more groups of muscles, like the lower back or neck. […] Most points occur because of muscle overuse, muscle trauma (injury), or psychological stress. Trigger points often arise from sustained repetitive activities, like lifting heavy objects at work or working on a computer all day. […] No single factor is responsible for the development of myofascial trigger points. A combination of contributing factors may include: poor posture, sitting for a long time in awkward positions, nutritional deficiencies, serious lack of exercise or movement, any injury to the musculoskeletal system or intervertebral disks between the bones of the spine, generalized fatigue, lack of sleep, hormonal changes (menopause), intense cooling of muscles (such as when sleeping in front of an air conditioner), emotional problems (depression, anxiety), other pain or inflammation conditions, obesity, smoking.

• #5 Myofascial pain syndrome: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/myofascial-pain-syndrome

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic condition that affects the musculoskeletal system, including the bones, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, and connective tissue. […] Experts do not fully understand the causes of myofascial pain syndrome, but various factors can contribute to the condition. These include: […] Ergonomic factors: One example is abnormal posture, which might be due to working at a desk all day. Another is mechanics, which may involve repetitive overhead activity, such as painting a ceiling. […] Traumatic events: An event such as a car accident or sports injury may cause this condition. […] Systemic factors and diseases: Deficiency in certain minerals or vitamins, such as iron or vitamin D, may increase a persons risk of myofascial pain syndrome. Some health conditions, such as hypothyroidism, may also be risk factors.

• #5 Myofascial pain syndrome: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/myofascial-pain-syndrome

  Structural factors: Conditions that affect the structure of the musculoskeletal system may lead to myofascial pain syndrome. Examples include: spondylitis, osteoarthritis, scoliosis. […] Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic musculoskeletal condition. Experts do not fully understand what causes it, but factors such as repetitive movement or injury can contribute to the condition.

• #6 Cervical Myofascial Pain: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/313007-overview

  Pain attributed to muscle and its surrounding fascia is termed myofascial pain, with cervical myofascial pain thought to occur following either overuse of or trauma to the muscles that support the shoulders and neck. […] It can also occur as a reaction to an underlying spinal pathology such as facet joint arthropathy or an annular tear in one of the cervical discs. […] Other issues that may play a role in the clinical picture of cervical myofascial pain include endocrine dysfunction, chronic infections, nutritional deficiencies, poor posture, and psychological stress. […] Cervical myofascial pain is thought to occur following either overuse of or trauma to the muscles that support the shoulders and neck. […] Common scenarios among patients are recent involvement in a motor vehicle accident or performance of repetitive upper extremity activities.

• #7

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11916-012-0289-4

  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is described as the sensory, motor, and autonomic symptoms caused by myofascial trigger points (TrPs). […] Knowing the potential causes of TrPs is important to prevent their development and recurrence, but also to inactivate and eliminate existing TrPs. There is general agreement that muscle overuse or direct trauma to the muscle can lead to the development of TrPs. […] Muscle overload is thought to be the result of sustained or repetitive low-level muscle contractions, eccentric muscle contractions, and maximal or submaximal concentric muscle contractions. […] Although muscle damage is not required for the development of TrP, there may be a disruption of the cell membrane, damage to the sarcoplasmic reticulum with a subsequent release of high amounts of calcium-ions, and disruption of cytoskeletal proteins, such as desmin, titin, and dystrophin.

• #7

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11916-012-0289-4

  In spite of a lack of well-designed studies, the best available evidence supports that TrPs develop after muscle overuse. Several potential mechanisms may play a role, such as eccentric overload, submaximal sustained, and (sub)-maximal concentric contractions. A key factor is the local ischemia, which leads to a lowered pH and a subsequent release of several inflammatory mediators in muscle tissue.

• #8 Myofascial Pain | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myofascial-pain/

  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a regional muscle pain syndrome caused by myofascial trigger points (TrPs). A TrP is defined as a hyperirritable spot in a palpable taut band of skeletal muscle. MPS is characterized by pain, both local and referred, muscle stiffness, and sensory changes. […] Chronic muscle stretch and overload are thought to play a key role in the development of TrPs, with direct and indirect trauma as possible but less likely causes. Mechanical causes of chronic stretch and overload include unaccustomed or intense exercise, sustained sub-optimal postures, anatomic abnormalities, abnormal muscle firing patterns, joint dysfunction, chronic repetitive overuse, and poor work-related ergonomics. Nonstructural factors including anxiety, depression, sleep deprivation, fatigue, chronic infection, and iron, vitamin, mineral, and endocrine deficiency states may contribute to the development and persistence of TrPs.

• #8 Myofascial Pain | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myofascial-pain/

  The most accepted theory of trigger point formation is Travell and Simons Integrated Trigger Point Hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the initiating event is muscle overload and/or injury. This leads to local capillary constriction and ischemia, an increase in sympathetic nervous system adrenergic activity, formation of an acidic hydrogen ion concentration within the muscle tissue, and the release of sensitizing substances (substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP], protons, serotonin, norepinephrine, prostaglandins, bradykinins, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1). In addition, a reduction of locally available adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to muscle tissue results in inhibition of return of calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, causing a sustained contraction of the sarcomere.

• #8 Myofascial Pain | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/myofascial-pain/

  Quintner and Cohen have proposed a plausible alternative to Travell and Simons myofascial pain construct, suggesting hyperalgesia secondary to peripheral or central sensitization of nociceptors and the spontaneous firing of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons as the etiology of the pain syndrome. Neurogenic inflammation has been proposed as a possible etiology of this peripheral or central sensitization.

• #9 Treatment for Myofascial Pain Syndrome | UNC-Cary Orthopaedics

  https://www.caryortho.com/what-is-myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial pain syndrome can develop for different reasons. Some people may be more likely to develop the condition than others. Research has shown that up to 85 percent of patients with muscle pain have myofascial pain syndrome. It is common among people from 27 to 50 years old. […] Common causes of myofascial pain syndrome include: […] Activities that involve repetitive motions or excessive strain on certain muscles can lead to trigger points. Job-related activities can create tight muscles. […] Not using muscles can also cause pain and tightness. People in recovery who wear a cast or sling may experience muscle tightness or pain. […] Maintaining poor posture for extended periods can cause imbalances and excessive stress on certain muscles. […] Acute injuries, such as strains or tears, and chronic conditions like arthritis can contribute to developing trigger points. […] Emotional stress, anxiety and tension can cause muscle tightness, leading to trigger points in myofascial pain syndrome. […] Vitamin deficiencies can lead to muscle weakness and impaired function due to, which can cause chronic pain.

• #10 Causes of Myofascial Pain | Garden State Orofacial Pain, LLC

  https://gardenstatefacialpain.com/causes-of-myofascial-pain/

  Similar to headaches, it appears that there is no established etiology for myofascial pain. […] Muscle damage or repetitive tension, which activate myofascial trigger points, appears to be one underlying cause. […] Both can raise muscle tension along these fibers. […] Last but not least, postural stressors including poor body posture while seated at a computer and held for extended periods of time may be the source of myofascial pain. […] According to theory, there are numerous ways active muscle trigger sites might develop: Chronic overuse injury, Chronically bad posture, Direct harm, Long-term heavy lifting, Regular clenching and muscle tension, Persistent idleness. […] The muscle fibers that contain trigger points tighten to form a taut band that keeps the muscle in a constant state of contraction when the trigger point becomes active as a result of injury or irregular use.

• #10 Causes of Myofascial Pain | Garden State Orofacial Pain, LLC

  https://gardenstatefacialpain.com/causes-of-myofascial-pain/

  If untreated, the neighboring muscles may eventually work too hard trying to compensate for the inefficiencies of the injured muscle. […] Trigger points may form in these overworked muscles, leading to intricate networks of referred pain and myofascial pain patterns. […] Latent trigger sites may also exist inside the muscular structure. […] If the muscle in which a latent trigger point is located is worsened by an injury, excessive use, disease, or stress, the trigger point may become active. […] Despite the fact that no specific cause of myofascial pain has been identified, the following groups are at a higher risk of developing myofascial pain syndrome: Women, Middle-aged people, Injury, Stressed, Inactivity. […] A persons diet may not cause myofascial pain directly, but being overweight increases the risk because carrying extra weight puts strain on the muscles.

• #11 6 Common Causes of Myofascial Pain and How We Can Best Help!

  https://www.myofascialreleaseofsaltlake.com/what-causes-myofascial-pain/

  We know bad posture can result in problems. But using a laptop at the wrong height, for instance, or twisting to look at a poorly positioned computer screen over many years may also cause myofascial pain syndrome. […] The tension we experience when stressed or suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder, causing us to hold our breath and clench the muscles around the jaw and the neck and shoulders, could trigger myofascial pain syndrome. […] PTSD, domestic violence, emotional and physical trauma, work-related chronic stress, financial troubles, addiction, and mental health challenges – and their psychological factors – may also have an impact on myofascial pain syndrome. […] Some scientists suggest that fibromyalgia, which involves chronic pain all over the body, may begin as myofascial pain syndrome due to restrictions in the fascia.

• #12 Causes of Myofascial Pain Syndrome – London Pain Clinic

  https://www.londonpainclinic.com/conditions/causes-of-myofascial-pain-syndrome-2/

• #13 Myofascial Pain Syndrome | Wake Spine & Pain Specialists

  https://wakespine.com/knowledge-center/conditions-treated/myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial pain syndrome is chronic pain experienced as coming from muscle tissue, but may also emanate from fascia. […] An exact singular cause for myofascial pain syndrome has not yet been discovered. It is currently linked to a number of risk factors, as mentioned above (i.e. stress, muscle damage, or injury). Myofascial pain syndrome may also be associated with diseases or disorders of the fascia, which include connective tissue disorder. […] Conditions in which the immune system attacks body tissues such as fascia (i.e. autoimmune disorders) may also play a role in myofascial pain syndrome. Another condition that may increase the risk of developing this disorder is cancer. Tumors may cause mechanical or chemical damage to surrounding muscles or fascia, as may chemotherapy drugs or surgery, thus resulting in chronic myofascial pain.

• #14 Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Causes and Symptoms | IBJI

  https://www.ibji.com/blog/pain-management/myofascial-pain-syndrome-causes-and-symptoms/

  Myofascial Pain (trigger points) is usually the result of a muscle injury, excessive muscle fatigue or strain on certain muscle groups. […] While it is very difficult to identify certain activities or injuries that cause myofacial pain syndrome, most sports, such as basketball, baseball, football, or hockey, put much demand on the body and, depending on the sport, particular muscles groups. […] If you injure your back or legs as a result of playing one of these sports, trigger points are possible. […] In addition to sports, careers or jobs that require great physical demand can also cause injury which may lead to Myofascial Pain Syndrome.

• #15 Myofascial Pain Syndrome Symptoms & Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi

  https://www.clevelandclinicabudhabi.ae/en/health-hub/health-resource/diseases-and-conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome

  Myofascial pain might develop from a muscle injury or from excessive strain on a particular muscle or muscle group, ligament, or tendon. Other causes include: […] Injury to intervertebral discs […] General fatigue […] Repetitive motions […] Medical conditions (including heart attack, stomach irritation) […] Lack of activity (such as a broken arm in a sling).

• #16

  https://www.ptcoa.com/what-you-should-know-about-myofascial-pain-syndrome-ptcoa

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition that affects the body’s musculoskeletal system. […] Myofascial pain syndrome is a disorder of the muscles and the soft tissues associated with it. […] Trigger points develop in the fascia, the thin, ropey connective tissue that wraps around every muscle. […] There is no specific cause behind myofascial pain syndrome; however, several theories are being tested. One of the potential causes behind this syndrome is central sensitization, which causes people to perceive even normal stimuli as painful. […] Some common causes of myofascial pain syndrome include muscle injury or strain, muscle weakness (from lack of use), poor posture, cold weather, emotional or mental distress, pinched nerves, thyroid disease, diabetic neuropathy, vitamin deficiency, chronic infections, and genetic factors. […] Myofascial pain syndrome can affect anyone at any point in their lives.

• #17 Myofascial Pain Causes and Treatment | Denver Area Pain Specialists

  https://www.neurosurgeryone.com/condition/myofascial-pain/

  The exact cause of myofascial pain is not completely understood. Myofascial pain arises when sensitive areas, known as trigger points, form from tight muscle fibers. These trigger points usually develop from a muscle injury or from excessive strain on a muscle or muscle group, ligament, or tendon. […] Myofascial pain and trigger points may be caused by: Stress, Injury, Lack of use of the muscle and/or exercise, Repetitive muscle movements like typing, bending, or jumping, Pinched nerve, Poor posture, Lack of sleep, Thyroid disease, diabetic neuropathy, or other metabolic or hormonal issues or changes, Smoking, Obesity, Depression, Extreme cooling of muscles, Folate, vitamin D, or other vitamin deficiencies, Chronic infections. […] Risk for myofascial pain can increase when trigger points arise from muscle injury, repetitive movements, lack of activity (like having a broken arm in a sling), stress, or anxiety.

• #17 Myofascial Pain Causes and Treatment | Denver Area Pain Specialists

  https://www.neurosurgeryone.com/condition/myofascial-pain/

  Other risk factors for developing myofascial pain syndrome include: Pinched nerve, Poor posture, Lack of sleep, Thyroid disease, diabetic neuropathy, or other metabolic or hormonal issues or changes, Smoking, Obesity, Depression, Extreme cooling of muscles, Folate, vitamin D, or other vitamin deficiencies, Chronic infections. […] While there is not one treatment option that works for every type of myofascial pain, most myofascial pain can be treated by reducing the causes of trigger points. Treatment often leads to the dissipation of trigger points, thus eliminating myofascial pain syndrome. Continued lifestyle changes, like stress management or addressing vitamin deficiencies, can reduce or eliminate the occurrence of myofascial pain in patients.

• #18 Causes of Myofascial Pain Syndrome – London Pain Clinic

  https://www.londonpainclinic.com/conditions/causes-of-myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Changes in skeletal muscle metabolism, which could be caused by a decreased blood flow could also be one of the factors. […] In addition, a few researchers also point towards the possibility of the presence of an infectious microbe, such as a virus, that might trigger the illness. […] The myofascial pain is most commonly caused by a trauma to the muscles and skeleton in the body. […] Overexertion of the muscles can cause serious damage to certain areas, leading to the development of a trigger point. […] Many times, individuals with fibromyalgia also develop the Myofascial Pain Syndrome. […] In an effort to compensate for the chronic pain of fibromyalgia, the patient often reduces movement or develops an unhealthy posture, which further leads to formation of the trigger points. […] The depression that occurs in the condition of fibromyalgia is also an important causative factor.

• #18 Causes of Myofascial Pain Syndrome – London Pain Clinic

  https://www.londonpainclinic.com/conditions/causes-of-myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is typically defined as a chronic local or regional musculoskeletal disorder, involving a single muscle or a muscle group. […] The pain related to the Myofascial Pain Syndrome most commonly arises from the development of trigger points. […] A series of research reports highlight the possible causes of the occurrence of the Myofascial Pain Syndrome. […] To begin with, a group of researchers suggest that physical or emotional trauma might play a leading role in the development of this syndrome. […] It has also been suggested that the patients suffering from MPS have abnormal pain transmission responses. […] However, another section of reports indicate that sleep disturbances, which are a common symptom of MPS, might actually be one of the causative factors.

• #18 Causes of Myofascial Pain Syndrome – London Pain Clinic

  https://www.londonpainclinic.com/conditions/causes-of-myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Research shows that at least 30% of patients with fibromyalgia suffer from depression. […] Hence, in such cases, depression might interfere with the process of regulating pain, leading to the development of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. […] There are a series of other causes responsible for the development of the Myofascial Pain Syndrome.

• #19 Myofascial Pain Syndrome Symptoms and Treatments

  https://www.treatingpain.com/news-updates/2019/august/myofascial-pain-syndrome-symptoms-and-treatments/

  Myofascial pain syndrome can start with a direct injury to the muscles, or it can signal a problem at a deeper level in the body (referred pain). […] Direct muscle injury can start with: Repetitive motions, Sport injuries, Heavy lifting, Poor posture, Inadequate recovery time after physical work, Physical stress in the work environment. […] Myofascial pain may be a sign of a deeper problem, such as misalignment in your skeletal and soft tissue system. For example, there may be a herniated disc, an abnormal curve in your spine (scoliosis), or scar tissue from an old surgery. As a result, the muscles over this problem area will tense up in an effort to protect it, thus becoming painful themselves.

• #20 Myofascial pain syndrome – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Muscle injury. An acute muscle injury or continual muscle stress may lead to the development of trigger points. For example, a spot within or near a strained muscle may become a trigger point. Repetitive motions and poor posture also may increase your risk. […] Stress and anxiety. People who frequently experience stress and anxiety may be more likely to develop trigger points in their muscles. One theory holds that these people may be more likely to clench their muscles, a form of repeated strain that leaves muscles susceptible to trigger points.

• #21 Myofascial Pain Syndrome (Chronic Soft Tissue Pain)

  https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/myofascial-pain-syndrome

  Myofascial pain (MFP) may come from a muscle injury or from heavy strain on a particular muscle or muscle group, ligament, or tendon. Other causes include: […] Myofascial pain can stem from various things. Common risk factors are repetitive overuse of the muscles, an acute injury that didnt heal, structural issues, and stress. […] Chronic issues such as scoliosis, spondylosis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis can negatively affect your posture. An imbalanced posture can create muscular knots and trigger points. Over time, if unaddressed, you can get MFP. […] Other factors and nutritional imbalances can also increase your risk of MFP. Have your doctor check for hypothyroidism a condition when your thyroid doesn’t make enough hormones for your body or a vitamin D or iron deficiency. Treating these imbalances may reduce your risk of getting MFP. […] Stress and anxiety may also increase your risk of MFP. Stress can cause some people to clench their muscles subconsciously. Repetitive muscle tension is often localized to the same area, leading to trigger points.

• #22 Causes and Treatments for Myofascial Pain Syndrome

  https://www.americanpainconsortium.com/patient-resources/news/2025/may/causes-and-treatments-for-myofascial-pain-syndro/

  MPS is a type of chronic pain rooted in the muscles or the fascia (the tissue surrounding muscles). […] What Causes Myofascial Pain Syndrome? […] Repetitive actions, like typing or lifting, often lead to overuse injuries that pave the way for MPS trigger points. […] Muscle fatigue, strains, or minor injuries from these activities can gradually lead to chronic pain. […] Youve likely noticed how stress can create physical tension, especially in your neck and shoulders. […] This tension over time can form painful trigger points. […] Factors like anxiety or depression can make the cycle worse, turning emotion-driven tension into persistent physical pain. […] Your body relies on proper nutrition to keep muscles healthy. […] Deficiencies in magnesium or vitamin D can make muscles more susceptible to pain and stiffness. […] Similarly, a sedentary lifestyle or poor sleep patterns can exacerbate MPS symptoms.

• #23 Myofascial Pain Syndrome – Dr. Panjwani – Elevate PMR

  https://elevatepmr.com/conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial pain syndrome usually occurs when a muscle has been used repetitivelywhether motions used frequently in jobs and hobbies, or by stress related to muscle tension. […] Factors that can increase the risk of MPS include: […] Stress and anxiety can lead to muscle clenching and strain, which can create trigger points. Additionally, stress impacts the bodys immune response and its ability to promote self-healing.

• #24 Myofascial Pain Syndrome – Los Angeles Pain Associates

  https://lapainassociates.com/conditions/myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial pain syndrome occurs when the soft tissue of the muscles, tendons, or ligaments becomes inflamed as the result of injury, overuse, or excessive strain. Common causes of myofascial pain syndrome include general fatigue, repetitive motions, injury to the muscle fibers, or an extended period of inactivity. […] There is also an association between myofascial pain syndrome and high levels of stress and anxiety. This may be because most people clench and tighten their muscles when under stress, which can lead to the development of trigger points. […] The chronic nature of myofascial pain syndrome can lead to depression and fatigue.

• #25 What is Myofascial Pain Syndrome? – Integrative Pain & Spine Institute

  https://www.thepainreliefdoctor.com/what-is-myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a disorder of the muscles and the soft tissues associated with it. People with this condition have sensitive pain points or trigger points in their muscles that can cause pain in that muscle or even in unrelated parts of the body. […] There is no specific cause behind myofascial pain syndrome; however, several theories are being tested. One of the potential causes behind this syndrome is central sensitization, which causes people to perceive even normal stimuli as painful. […] Some common causes of myofascial pain syndrome include: Muscle injury or strain, Muscle weakness, Poor posture, Cold weather, Emotional or mental distress, Pinched nerves, Thyroid disease, Diabetic neuropathy, Vitamin deficiency, Chronic infections, Genetic factors. […] Myofascial pain syndrome can affect anyone at any point in their lives. Research shows the syndrome affects about 85% of people at some point in their lifetime. Myofascial pain syndrome is a highly underdiagnosed disorder since a significant symptom is referred pain, which can easily be misdiagnosed.

• #26 Myofascial pain syndrome and sensitization

  https://oatext.com/Myofascial-pain-syndrome-and-sensitization.php

  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a major musculoskeletal pain that occur in every age group, and has been associated with numerous pain conditions including radiculopathies, osteoarthritis, disc syndrome, tendonitis, migraines, tension type headaches, computer-related disorders, spinal dysfunction, and pelvic pain. […] Although the specific pathophysiological basis of MTrPs development and symptomatology is unknown, there are evidences of histological, neurophysiological, biochemical, and somatosensory abnormalities. […] Sensitization in corresponding spinal segments plays a major role in the formation of continuous pain in a given part of the body. […] SSS is a hyperactive state of the spinal cord caused by irritative foci sending nociceptive impulses from a sensitized damaged tissue to dorsal horn neurons.

• #26 Myofascial pain syndrome and sensitization

  https://oatext.com/Myofascial-pain-syndrome-and-sensitization.php

  The development or amplified activity of MTrPs is one of the clinical manifestations of SSS. […] Myofascial pain syndrome induced profound altering neuronal excitability and architecture in structures of the pain matrix structures as the spinal cord, thalamic nuclei, cortical areas, amygdala and periaqueductal gray area. […] A continuous noxious input into the dorsal horn called afferent bombardment results in the co-release of L-glutamate and substance P (SP). […] Sensitization up-regulates ion channel and receptor expression and increases the number of these membrane proteins on nociceptors and dorsal horn neurons. […] Spinal segmental sensitization (SSS) is a hyperactive state of the dorsal horn caused by bombardment of nociceptive impulses from sensitized tissues (such as active MTrPs or visceral structures such as the renal calculi).

• #26 Myofascial pain syndrome and sensitization

  https://oatext.com/Myofascial-pain-syndrome-and-sensitization.php

  Segmental sensitization occurs throughout neuron hypertrophy as well as upregulation of excitatory neurons, prohyperalgesic peptides, and neurotransmitters at the dorsal horn. […] Segmental desensitization consists of injection of local anesthetic agents or dry needling in the involved dermatome to block the posterior branch of the dorsal spinal nerve along the involved paraspinal muscles. […] In conclusion, MPS, a common pain syndrome consists of local pathology and SSS. Hence therapeutic approaches require varieties of techniques for eradiation of trigger point and desensitization of the whole related spinal segment.

• #27 Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Spasm Cycle

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-myofascial-pain-syndrome-296534

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms in a particular area of the body. […] The exact cause of the spasm is not known. It may be related to excessive accumulation and release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter or chemical messenger) causing a sustained muscle contraction. […] Myofascial pain is often caused by long periods of time spent in poor postural alignment, muscle injury, and repetitive motions. […] Without treatment, the muscle spasms, pain, and microscopic muscle injury may persist or worsen, leading to trigger points and chronic pain.

• #28 Causes of Myofascial Pain | Expert Insight in Georgia

  https://atlantaheadachetmjpain.com/causes-of-myofascial-pain/

  When a trigger point becomes active due to injury or irregular use, the muscle fibers containing that trigger point tighten to create a taut band that keeps the muscle in a continuously contracted state. The muscle, in turn, becomes weak and inflexible and may even trap adjacent nerves, leading to secondary pain sensations, such as numbness and aching. If left untreated, surrounding muscles may eventually become overworked as they make up for the affected muscle’s inefficiencies. These overstressed muscles may then develop trigger points as well, creating complex networks of referred pain and myofascial pain patterns. […] Trigger points may also be present within the muscle structure in a latent state. In these cases, discomfort is felt primarily if pressure is applied directly to the trigger point. A latent trigger point can become active if the muscle in which it resides is aggravated due to injury, overuse, illness or stress.

• #28 Causes of Myofascial Pain | Expert Insight in Georgia

  https://atlantaheadachetmjpain.com/causes-of-myofascial-pain/

  While no single cause of myofascial pain has been determined, the known potential sources of myofascial pain points to groups at higher risk of experiencing myofascial pain syndrome: Women: Myofascial trigger points are more likely to be active in women than in men—55 percent of women have latent trigger points compared to 45 percent in men. Middle-age adults: Chronic myofascial pain most frequently develops during middle age. At younger ages, it’s believed that muscles are better able to cope with the strain of stress and overuse. Injured: Injury, trauma or illness increases the odds of developing or activating myofascial trigger points. Stressed: An individual may aggravate a myofascial trigger point as a result of stress or anxiety that leads to increased muscle tension. Inactive: A sedentary lifestyle or significant time spent in poor posture, such as at a desk, can weaken and strain muscles, making the occurrence of a myofascial trigger point more likely.

• #28 Causes of Myofascial Pain | Expert Insight in Georgia

  https://atlantaheadachetmjpain.com/causes-of-myofascial-pain/

  Similar to headaches, the exact cause of myofascial pain appears to be unknown. However, there are some working theories that might help to explain the symptoms of myofascial pain. One underlying cause appears to be muscle injury or repetitive strain, which activate myofascial trigger points. Another cause might also be psychological stressors and physical strain because both can increase muscle tension along fibers referred to as the taut band, which is a hardened ropelike stretch of muscle fibers in which triggers are present. Lastly, myofascial pain might originate from postural stressors, such as poor body posture while sitting at a desk, which is held for prolonged periods of time. […] It is believed that active muscle trigger points can be formed several ways: Repetitive overuse injury, Habitual poor posture, Direct injury, Sustained heavy lifting, Regular muscle tension and clenching, Prolonged inactivity.

• #29 Causes of Myofascial Pain – General and Cosmetic Dentist

  https://www.southwestpainmanagement.com/causes-of-myofascial-pain

  When a trigger point becomes active due to injury or irregular use, the muscle fibers containing that trigger point tighten to create a taut band that keeps the muscle in a continuously contracted state. The muscle, in turn, becomes weak and inflexible and may even trap adjacent nerves, leading to secondary pain sensations, such as numbness and aching. […] If left untreated, surrounding muscles may eventually become overworked as they make up for the affected muscle’s inefficiencies. These overstressed muscles may then develop trigger points as well, creating complex networks of referred pain and myofascial pain patterns. Trigger points may also be present within the muscle structure in a latent state. In these cases, discomfort is felt primarily if pressure is applied directly to the trigger point. A latent trigger point can become active if the muscle in which it resides is aggravated due to injury, overuse, illness or stress.

• #29 Causes of Myofascial Pain – General and Cosmetic Dentist

  https://www.southwestpainmanagement.com/causes-of-myofascial-pain

  Causes of Myofascial Pain […] While the exact cause of myofascial pain is unknown, there are some working theories that may explain the symptoms of the disease. Muscle injury or repetitive strain may be an underlying cause, which activate myofascial trigger points. Psychological stressors and physical strain may also increase muscle tension along fibers referred to as the taut band, a hardened ropelike stretch of muscle fibers in which triggers are present. Myofascial pain may also originate from postural stressors, such as poor body posture at a desk, held for prolonged periods. […] It is believed that active muscle trigger points can be formed several ways: repetitive overuse injury, habitual poor posture, direct injury, sustained heavy lifting, regular muscle tension and clenching, prolonged inactivity.

• #30 Myofascial Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535344/

  The presence of trigger points (TPs) may result from altering the synaptic plate of muscle fibers. An increase in acetylcholine (Ach) concentration with consequent uncontrolled release from the motor endplate causes continued contraction of the muscle fibers in the absence of any central innervation. […] In the presence of a constantly altered mechano-metabolic environment, there is a change in the connective tissue that makes up the myofascial system. […] Hyaluronan (HA) is a component of glycosaminoglycan polymer found in the extracellular matrix. Any change in the mechano-metabolic environment causing HA to change its properties creates a more viscous extracellular matrix. […] An alteration of blood flow (an increase in systolic wave velocity and decreased diastolic velocity due to increased outflow resistance) may cause myofascial pain.

• #30 Myofascial Pain – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535344/

  When considering the etiology of myofascial pain, one must remember that the myofascial compartment is also constituted by the soft tissue that transports fluids (blood and lymph) and action potentials (afferent and efferent nerves). Vascular and nerve pathways can be a source of pain because they are innervated. The liquid fascia (blood and lymph) can be a source of pain because changes in flow velocity, direction, and type of flow, can affect surrounding tissues, leading to myofascial pain. […] The cause of myofascial pain is not fully understood. It may be due to one or more of the hypothesized causes given below: […] Constant microtrauma to the muscle system can increase oxidative metabolism and quickly depletes cellular energy reserves (ATP). This altered mechano-metabolic environment increases nociceptive sensation, particularly if the musculature has a majority of red fibers (postural muscle).

• #31

  https://www.leagravetherapy.co.uk/post-title2

  Until this positive-feedback loop is interrupted, the muscle sarcomeres at the TrP remain in a shortened state, resulting in a local energy crisis. […] With muscle overuse or traumatic injury, the sliding layers start to produce immense amounts of HA which then aggregate into supermolecular structures changing both its configuration, viscoelasticity and viscosity. […] Due to its increased viscosity, HA can no longer function as an effective lubricant which increases resistance in the sliding layers and leads to densification of fascia or abnormal sliding in muscle fibers.

• #31

  https://www.leagravetherapy.co.uk/post-title2

  An MTrP is a common physical finding and often overlooked of non-articular musculoskeletal pain as its pathophysiology (explanation) is not fully understood. […] MTrPs are associated clinically with a variety of medical conditions including those of metabolic, visceral, endocrine, infectious, and psychological origin and are present across a wide range of musculoskeletal disorders. […] A more widely accepted hypothesis is that trigger points develop because some initiating event causes an excessive release of acetylocholine (ACh) from the motor endplates resulting in increased fiber tension and localized ischemia. […] Localized areas containing „contraction knots” are believed to release sensitizing agents and additional acetylcholine (ACh) that cycles back to cause increased fiber tension.

• #32 Groups at Risk of Myofascial Pain – General and Cosmetic Dentist

  https://www.southwestpainmanagement.com/groups-at-risk-of-myofascial-pain

  Myofascial pain has not been directly linked to specific genetic factors. […] While no single cause of myofascial pain has been determined, the known potential sources of myofascial pain points to groups at higher risk of experiencing myofascial pain syndrome: […] Women: Myofascial trigger points are more likely to be active in women than in men, with 55 percent of women having latent trigger points, compared to 45 percent in men. […] Middle-age adults: Chronic myofascial pain most frequently develops during middle age. […] Injured: Injury, trauma or illness increases the odds of developing or activating myofascial trigger points. […] Stressed: An individual may aggravate a myofascial trigger point as a result of stress or anxiety that leads to increased muscle tension. […] Inactive: A sedentary lifestyle or significant time spent in poor posture, such as at a desk, can weaken and strain muscles, making the occurrence of a myofascial trigger point more likely.

• #32 Groups at Risk of Myofascial Pain – General and Cosmetic Dentist

  https://www.southwestpainmanagement.com/groups-at-risk-of-myofascial-pain

  Overall physical health lowers risk factors associated with myofascial pain symptoms. […] Having well conditioned strong muscles that can easily handle everyday activities puts an individual at lower risk of the condition. […] Likewise, the absence of injury, which tightens muscles and makes activity difficult without fatigue or pain, lessens the likelihood of experiencing myofascial pain. […] While diet does not directly link to myofascial pain syndrome, overweight individuals are at higher risk as muscles are strained to carry the body’s mass. […] Removing stressful factors from one’s life can also decrease the risk of myofascial pain, as muscles are prone to tension and tightness as a result of stress. […] While everyone carries some risk of experiencing myofascial pain symptoms, by improving physical and mental health in general and on multiple dimensions, risk factors for myofascial pain can be reduced.

• #33 Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

  https://www.truemeds.in/diseases/pain/myofascial-pain-syndrome-232

  Myofascial pain syndrome can affect anyone, but certain factors increase the risk of developing this condition. Personal history and repetitive use: Individuals prone to injury due to repeated muscle use are more likely to develop chronic myofascial pain. Structural and musculoskeletal issues: Conditions such as scoliosis, spondylosis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis can negatively affect posture, leading to muscular knots and trigger points. Systemic factors and diseases: Deficiencies in certain minerals or vitamins, such as iron or vitamin D, and health conditions, like hypothyroidism, can increase the risk of myofascial pain syndrome. Stress and anxiety: Stress and anxiety can cause muscle tension, leading to the formation of trigger points. This tension is often localised to the same area, exacerbating the condition. Lifestyle factors: A sedentary lifestyle, significant time spent in poor posture (e.g., at a desk), and being overweight can strain muscles and increase the likelihood of myofascial pain syndrome. Demographic factors: Women are more likely to have active myofascial trigger points than men, and middle-aged adults are more frequently affected by chronic myofascial pain.

• #34 Myofascial Pain Syndrome & Neck Pain in Thousand Oaks, CA

  https://www.vnsc.org/conditions-treated/myofascial-pain-syndrome-neck-pain/

  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common and chronic pain disorder that affects your muscles and fascia. […] Healthcare professionals have yet to discover the precise cause of MPS. Possible causes include: Injury to the muscles or muscle fibers of your body (e.g., trauma, excessive exercise), Repetitive motions during work or hobbies (e.g., drilling, hammering, typing), Poor posture, Inactivity of muscle groups (e.g., weakness in limbs post-stroke, arm, or leg after prolonged cast placement), Cold environments (e.g., sitting near air conditioning, living in cold weather), Lack of exercise or movement, Muscle tension due to stress, anxiety, or depression, Pinched nerves, Vitamin deficiencies, Chronic infections. […] Myofascial pain syndrome may occur in areas such as the lower and upper back, in the neck, shoulders, and chest.

• #35 Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome Genetic? | Release Works Of Salt Lake

  https://www.myofascialreleaseofsaltlake.com/is-myofascial-pain-syndrome-genetic/

  Several things can cause (so-called) Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Still, some of the most common reasons are repetitive movements at work or during sports, injuries, poor quality sleep, depression, anxiety, and stress. […] You’ll be pleased to hear; it isn’t genetic because genetic factors don’t directly impact the symptoms of myofascial pain. […] But some people are genetically susceptible to overreacting in stressful situations, leading to the development of chronic stress, depression, and anxiety. […] Other risk factors for developing Myofascial Pain Syndrome are: Obesity, which puts additional pressure on muscles; A Sedentary lifestyle and chronic lack of daily movement; The hormonal changes associated with the menopause; Fatigue and lack of good quality, restful sleep; Bad posture and sitting for prolonged periods; Muscle myopathy and other inflammatory conditions.

• #35 Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome Genetic? | Release Works Of Salt Lake

  https://www.myofascialreleaseofsaltlake.com/is-myofascial-pain-syndrome-genetic/

  Have you been told by an MD that you have Myofascial Pain Syndrome? […] This blog explores this much-discussed, controversial syndrome and reveals the root cause(s). […] Western Medicine describes the So-called Myofascial Pain Syndrome as a chronic pain disorder that causes pain in multiple points all over the body. […] They theorize that the changes caused by the inflammation cause patients to feel pain when their muscles contract. […] Research suggests that between 30% – 85% of patients with musculoskeletal pain suffer from Myofascial Pain Syndrome. […] In many ways, it allows Doctors to pacify and give a name to the patient’s genuine and distressing symptoms – particularly when there isn’t an identifiable cause or nameable disease process. […] The real question should always be: “Ok, but what’s the root cause?”

• #36 What is myofascial pain syndrome? Causes, symptoms and treatment | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-dictionary/myofascial-pain

• #37 Myofascial Pain Syndrome – Southeast Pain & Spine Care

  https://www.sepainandspinecare.com/myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial Pain Syndrome may involve either a single muscle or multiple. […] Myofascial Pain Syndrome has been linked to many types of pain including migraine headaches, jaw pain, neck pain, back pain, pelvic pain, arm pain, and leg pain. […] Sensitive areas of tight fibers can form in your muscles after injuries or overuse. These sensitive areas are called trigger points. A trigger point in a muscle can cause strain and pain throughout the muscle. When the pain persists and worsens doctors call it Myofascial Pain Syndrome. […] Factors that may increase your risk for Myofascial Pain Syndrome include: Muscle injury stress on your muscles can cause trigger points to form. […] Stress and anxiety people who frequently experience stress and anxiety may be more likely to develop trigger points especially around the neck and upper back. […] Myofascial Pain Syndrome is more common in middle-aged adults. […] Women are more likely to experience Myofascial Pain Syndrome than men. […] Some research suggests that Myofascial Pain Syndrome may develop into fibromyalgia in some people.

• #38 Myofascial Pain – Causes & Treatment | Made for This Moment

  https://madeforthismoment.asahq.org/pain-management/types-of-pain/myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  Myofascial pain syndrome is a chronic condition that causes pain in the musculoskeletal system. This pain is confined to a particular area. For example, you might only feel the pain and tenderness in your right shoulder and neck. The pain is typically associated with trigger points in muscles. These trigger points radiate pain to the affected area when pressure is applied to them and sometimes spontaneously with no pressure. Sometimes this pain can be in what seems to be an unrelated part of the body. […] Myofascial pain syndrome should not be confused with fibromyalgia, which has similar symptoms. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body not just in particular areas and does not include trigger points. […] Many of the treatments for myofascial pain syndrome are focused on the trigger points. These treatment options include: […] Researchers are investigating the effectiveness of anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and botulinum toxin type A (Botox).

• #39 Myofascial Pain Syndrome, Causes, and Treatment | Colorado Pain Care

  http://coloradopaincare.com/blog-myofascial-pain-syndrome/

  The mechanism of myofascial syndrome is not completely understood, but many authorities believe that it is related to a change in brain function that inhibits correct processing of pain sensations. […] There are several risk factors that may make you more susceptible to this condition including prior injury, poor sleep, higher stress levels or depression.

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