Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Swimmer’s ear – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/swimmers-ear/symptoms-causes/syc-20351682

  Swimmer’s ear is an infection that’s usually caused by bacteria. It’s less common for a fungus or virus to cause swimmer’s ear. […] Having swimmer’s ear means the ear’s natural defenses have not worked well. The conditions that often play a role in infection include: Moisture in the ear canal that makes an ideal place for bacteria to grow. Contact with contaminated water. Damage to the skin of the ear canal, which can be an entry point for bacteria.

• #1 Otitis Externa – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556055/

  Otitis externa (OE) is an inflammation, that can be either infectious or non-infectious, of the external auditory canal. […] It is also known as swimmer’s ear as it often occurs during the summer and in tropical climates and having retained water in the ears increases the risk for it. The most common cause of acute otitis externa is a bacterial infection. […] Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common pathogens involved in otitis externa. […] Swimming is one of the most common risk factors, and it increases the risk five times when compared to non-swimmers. Other risk factors include:

• #2 Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa): Symptoms & Care

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8381-swimmers-ear-otitis-externa

  Swimmers ear may be a bacterial or fungal infection. […] Swimmers ear can be a bacterial infection or fungal infection. […] Many things can cause swimmers ear, but activity that traps water in your ear canal is the most common cause. Bacteria and fungi thrive in warm, moist places. So, water pooling in your ear canal is the perfect environment for bacteria and fungi to settle in, start multiplying and eventually cause infection. […] Its much more common to get swimmers ear from a bacterium than a fungus. In rare cases, a combination of pathogens (germs that make you sick) can cause swimmers ear. Bacteria that can cause swimmers ear include Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungi that can cause the condition include Candida and Aspergillus.

• #3 Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear): Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/otitis-externa-swimmers-ear

  Swimmers ear, also called otitis externa, is an infection of the skin in the outer ear canal. […] It is called swimmers ear because it often occurs when water stays in the ear canal and it is usually caused by bacteria or fungus found in swimming pools, lakes and rivers. […] Because the ear canal is dark and warm, bacteria and fungus can easily grow. […] Causes of Swimmers Ear include swimming or playing in water including lakes or ponds, as well as swimming in pools with chlorine. […] Cleaning your childs ears can remove the protective layer of wax in the ear canals and cause small scratches, making him or her more prone to infection. […] Skin allergies and eczema can also contribute to the condition. […] Injury to the skin in the ear canal is another cause.

• #3 Otitis externa – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_externa

  The majority of cases are due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by a great number of other gram-positive and gram-negative species. […] Candida albicans and Aspergillus species are the most common fungal pathogens responsible for the condition. […] Another causative factor for acute infection is prolonged water exposure in the forms of swimming or exposure to extreme humidity, which can compromise the protective barrier function of the canal skin, allowing bacteria to flourish, hence the name „swimmer’s ear”.

• #4 Otitis externa

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/otitis-externa

  Otitis externa, also called external otitis or swimmers ear, is a common inflammatory condition of the external auditory canal (the ear canal). […] Swimming is a key risk factor. […] Causes can be divided into infectious or non-infectious. Bacterial infections are the most common cause of otitis externa. […] Common causes that encourage bacterial overgrowth in the external ear include: Increased water exposure from swimming, perspiration, and high humidity. […] The most common bacteria involved in otitis externa are Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41%) and Staphylococcus aureus (15%). […] Otitis externa caused by other dermatological conditions is often referred to as eczematous otitis externa. Potential non-infectious causes include: Atopic dermatitis (eczema), Psoriasis, Seborrhoeic dermatitis, Irritant or allergic contact dermatitis eg, from topical preparations applied locally, or use of hearing aids or earplugs. […] Due to disruption of the skin barrier, often these conditions can become complicated by superimposed infection.

• #5 Swimmer’s Ear Treatment, Home Remedies, Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/swimmers_ear/article_em.htm

  Skin conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis can cause cracks in the skin that allow bacteria or fungus to enter. […] The most common bacteria responsible for outer ear infection are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other bacteria are less common. In less than 10% of cases fungus causes of swimmer’s ear.

• #5 Swimmer’s Ear Treatment, Home Remedies, Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/swimmers_ear/article_em.htm

  The barrier can become broken and lead to an infection in the following ways: When you attempt to clean your ears with cotton-tipped swabs or other objects inserted in the ear, the skin lining of the ear canal may break. This can also remove the protective ear wax from the ear canal. The break in the skin allows an infection to start. […] Excessive moisture in the ear canal from showering or swimming alters the acidic environment of the ear canal and allows for the invasion of bacteria or fungi. This is the reason this condition happens mainly in the summer months and is called swimmer’s ear. […] Ear plugs, hearing aids, headphones, and other devices that may be inserted into the ear canal may increase the risk of swimmer’s ear. […] Chemicals such as hair dyes, bleaches, and shampoos may irritate the ear canal and alter its protective properties. An infection can result.

• #5 Swimmer’s Ear Treatment, Home Remedies, Symptoms & Causes

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/swimmers_ear/article_em.htm

  The definition of swimmer’s ear is an infection, inflammation, or pain in the ear caused by water trapped in the ear canal. This condition frequently occurs in swimmers, which is why it’s known as swimmer’s ear but it can occur in anyone, even from showering. […] The main cause of swimmer’s ear is a break in the skin lining of the outer ear or ear canal that allows bacteria or fungi to invade the outer ear. A break in the skin may be caused by scratching the ear area, skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis, improperly cleaning your ears with cotton-tipped swabs or other objects inserted in the ear, using devices inserted into the ear (earplugs, hearing aids, headphones, earbuds, and other devices), or chemicals (hair dyes, bleaches, certain shampoos, hair sprays). […] Any break in the skin lining can lead to infection, allowing bacteria or fungi to invade the outer ear.

• #6 Ear Canal Infection (Swimmer’s Ear) – Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/outer-ear-disorders/ear-canal-infection-swimmer-s-ear

  Bacteria and sometimes fungi can cause acute infection of the skin of the ear canal. […] Ear canal infection is caused by bacteria or, less commonly, fungi. […] A variety of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus, can infect the ear canal. Fungal ear canal infection (otomycosis), typically caused by Aspergillus niger or Candida albicans, is less common. […] Certain people, including those who have allergies, psoriasis, eczema, or seborrheic dermatitis, are particularly prone to acute external otitis. […] Common risk factors for ear canal infection include getting water in the ear, particularly while swimming (called swimmer’s ear). […] Use of cotton swabs to clean the ear is a very common risk factor for ear canal infection.

• #7 Chronic Swimmer’s Ear: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/swimmers-ear-chronic

  Chronic swimmers ear is when the outer ear and ear canal become infected, swollen, or irritated, on a long-term or recurring basis. Water trapped in your ear after swimming often causes this condition. The ears structure and the water left in the ear after swimming combine to create a damp, dark space where bacteria and fungi can thrive and cause infection. […] Your earwax, or cerumen, provides a natural barrier against germs entering your ear. Swimmers ear can occur when you dont have enough earwax in your ear. Without the protection of adequate earwax, bacteria can enter your ear and cause an infection. […] The following are common causes of chronic swimmers ear: allowing too much water to get into your ears, overcleaning the ear canal with cotton swabs, allowing cosmetic chemicals from products such as hairspray to enter your ear, causing a sensitivity reaction, scratching the inside or outside of the ear, causing small breaks in the skin which can trap infection, having something stuck in your ear, not following through with treatment for acute swimmers ear. […] An acute case of swimmers ear may become chronic if: the physical structure of the ear makes treatment difficult, the bacterium (or fungus) is a rare strain, you have an allergic reaction to antibiotic eardrops, the infection is both bacterial and fungal.

• #8 Preventing Swimmer’s Ear | Healthy Swimming | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/prevention/preventing-swimmers-ear.html

  Swimmers ear is a bacterial infection caused by water that stays in the outer ear canal for a long period of time, providing a moist environment for bacteria to multiply. […] Swimmer’s ear (also known as acute otitis externa) is a bacterial infection. It is typically caused by water that has stayed in the outer ear canal for a long time. This wears down protective wax and skin and provides a moist environment for bacteria to multiply. […] Swimmer’s ear can be treated with antibiotic ear drops.

• #9 Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa) – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.web.health.state.mn.us/diseases/swimear/index.html

  Ear infections can be caused by leaving contaminated water in the ear after swimming. This infection, known as „swimmer’s ear” or otitis externa, is not the same as the common childhood middle ear infection. […] Swimmer’s ear can occur when water stays in the ear canal for long periods of time, providing the perfect environment for germs to grow and infect the skin. Germs found in pools and at other recreational water venues are one of the most common causes of swimmer’s ear. […] Swimmer’s ear cannot be spread from one person to another.

• #10 Understanding Swimmer’s Ear | UNC Health Talkhealth wellnessstethoscopeStorieshealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriestwitter-iconfacebook-iconpinterest-iconemail-iconhealth wellnessstethoscopeStoriesfacebooktwitteryoutubepinterestinstagramLinkedIn

  https://healthtalk.unchealthcare.org/understanding-swimmers-ear/

  People who wear hearing aids are at risk of developing swimmer’s ear because hearing aids can break down the natural protective barrier of the skin and trap moisture. […] Your risk of swimmer’s ear is higher when you swim in natural bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes or the ocean, compared with swimming in a chlorinated swimming pool, Dr. DeMason adds. That’s because natural bodies of water are more likely to have higher levels of bacteria.

• #11 Otitis Externa – What To Do For Swimmer’s Ear | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/otitis-externa-swimmers-ear/

  Swimmer’s ear is an irritation, swelling, or infection in your ear. It’s often caused by swimming a lot or swimming in unclean water. […] Several things can cause swimmer’s ear, including: […] Swimming in unclean water. […] Swimming and showering too much. Water can accumulate in the ear canal, which allows germs to grow. […] Excessive cleaning of your ears. Earwax helps to flush germs from the ear. Removing too much may allow germs to spread and start an infection. […] Injuring the skin in the ear canal. This can happen by putting your finger or an object (such as a cotton swab) in your ear. […] Some skin conditions. If you have conditions such as eczema and psoriasis in other places on your body, they can occur in the ear canal, too. This can cause an infection. […] Bacteria from products used in your hair, such as hairspray or hair dye. These products can get trapped in your ear canal.

• #12 Swimmer’s ear: Causes, symptoms and how to treat it | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/swimmers-ear-symptoms-causes/

  You wear a hearing aid You could have irritation in the ear canal if your hearing aid doesnt fit well or is causing an allergic reaction. […] You have a lot of ear hair Hair in the ear canal can trap dirty water or debris. […] Your ear canal is swollen This can happen if the skin of the ear canal is injured or irritated. […] Theres impacted earwax While a healthy amount of earwax keeps your ears safe from swimmers ear, impacted earwax can make it more likely to trap dirty water or debris, causing germs to grow. […] You live in a warm, humid climate If the air is always humid, its difficult for your ear canal to dry out.

• #12 Swimmer’s ear: Causes, symptoms and how to treat it | HealthPartners Blog

  https://www.healthpartners.com/blog/swimmers-ear-symptoms-causes/

  Swimmers ear happens when things from the outside get into your ear canal, causing bacterial growth. […] Despite the name, you dont need to go swimming to get swimmers ear. It can happen whenever dirty water, sand, dirt or other debris gets into your ear canal and stays there for a long time or comes in contact with irritated skin, causing bacteria or fungi to grow. […] If the skin of your ear canal is injured or damaged, youre more likely to get swimmers ear. […] Your ear canal is too dry A healthy amount of earwax helps protect you against infection. […] You stick things in your ears If youre in the habit of putting fingers, pens, pins or Q-tips in your ears, youre more likely to damage the skin of your ear canal. […] You have a skin condition in your ear If your skin is irritated or inflamed because of eczema or psoriasis, its more likely to crack open or become injured.

• #13 Swimmer’s ear – Symptoms and causes | American Hospital Dubai

  https://www.ahdubai.com/blogs/swimmer-s-ear

  Swimmer’s ear is the infection in the outer ear canal that runs from the eardrum to the outside of the head caused due to water that remains in the ear, forming a moist environment, leading to bacteria’s growth. […] Bacteria causes swimmer’s ear infection and, in some unfamiliar conditions, results from a fungus or virus. […] Factors like moisture in the ear canal may form a perfect environment for bacterial growth; exposure to contaminated water and damage to the ear canal’s sensitive skin creates an opening for infection. […] Things that raise the risk of a swimmer’s ear include excess moisture in the ear canal due to heavy perspiration, prolonged humid weather or water that remains in the ear after swimming, and exposure to high bacteria levels in contaminated water. […] Chronic illnesses are more common when certain conditions make treatment difficult, like a rare strain of bacteria, an allergic skin reaction or reaction to antibiotic eardrops, skin conditions like dermatitis or psoriasis, or a combination of bacterial and bacterial and a fungal infection. […] Older adults, people with diabetes, or weakened immune systems are prone to risk.

• #14 Swimmer’s ear: Symptoms, causes, and risk factors

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/178934

  Swimmers ear is an infection that can occur after spending a long time in the water or outdoors in the wind and rain. It affects the skin that covers the outer ear canal, which leads to the eardrum. […] Despite the name, swimmers ear is more common in people who are not swimmers, according to the University of Iowa. […] Bacteria can accumulate in the water. While swimming, in areas of fresh water, for example, some can enter the ear and remain for a long time, especially if the water becomes trapped by wax. […] Fungal infections can also occur in the ear. However, in 98 percent of cases in North America, swimmers ear results from exposure to bacteria. […] The ear has several ways of protecting itself from infection. […] External otitis can develop when the ear canals defenses cannot cope with an infection or an allergic reaction.

• #15 Swimmer’s ear | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/swimmers-ear

  Swimmer’s ear is an infection or inflammation of the canal between the eardrum and the outer ear. […] The range of causes includes water in the ear canal, mechanical damage, chemical irritation and infected hair follicles. […] This condition can be triggered by exposure to water, or mechanical damage due to overzealous cleaning. The infection can be caused by fungi or bacteria. […] Some of the causes and risk factors include: […] Water – dirty water can deliver bacteria to the ear canal. A wet ear canal is also prone to dermatitis. Tiny cracks or splits in the skin can allow bacteria to enter. […] Mechanical damage – attempts to clean the ears using fingernails, cotton buds or other objects may cut the delicate tissues of the ear canal and lead to infection. […] Chemical irritation – hairsprays, shampoos and hair dyes may get into the ear canal and irritate the tissues.

• #15 Swimmer’s ear | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/swimmers-ear

  Middle ear infection (otitis media) – an infection within the middle ear can trigger an infection or inflammation in the ear canal. […] Diabetes – this condition can make earwax too alkaline, which creates a more hospitable environment for infectious agents. […] Folliculitis – an infected hair follicle within the ear canal can trigger a generalised infection. […] Narrow ear canals – some people’s ear canals are narrower than usual. This means that water can’t drain as effectively.

• #16

• #16 What Causes Swimmer’s Ear and How is it Treated? – Greater Knoxville ENT

  https://greaterknoxent.com/causes-swimmers-ear-treated/

  What causes a swimmer’s ear? The outer ear has natural defenses for warding off infection. The waxy substance (also known as the cerumen), for example, is acidic which keeps further growth of bacteria. The cartilage also partly covers the ear canal, which keeps the foreign bodies from entering the canal. A swimmer’s ear can occur if these natural defenses are overwhelmed. There are certain factors that can weaken the ear’s natural defenses and promote bacterial growth. This includes excessive moisture in the ear, abrasions in the ear canal, and sensitivity reactions. These things can be brought about by swimming especially in contaminated water, aggressive cleaning of the ear canal, and the use of certain devices such as hearing aids or earbuds. […] In many cases, the ear drop is a combination of any of these, depending on one’s condition and causative factors.

• #17 Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/swimmer-ear.html

  Swimmer’s ear is an infection of the ear canal, the passage that carries sounds from the outside of the body to the eardrum. It can be caused by different types of germs. […] Swimmer’s ear (or otitis externa) is common in kids who spend a lot of time in the water. Too much moisture in the ear can irritate the skin in the canal, letting bacteria or fungi get in. It happens most often in summertime, when swimming is common. […] But you don’t have to swim to get swimmer’s ear. Anything that injures the skin of the ear canal can lead to an infection. Dry skin or eczema, scratching the ear canal, ear cleaning with cotton swabs, or putting things like bobby pins or paper clips into the ear can all increase the risk of otitis externa. […] And if someone has a middle ear infection, pus collected in the middle ear can drain into the ear canal through a hole in the eardrum and cause it.

• #18 Swimmer’s Ear: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment – K Health

  https://khealth.com/learn/ear-infection/swimmers-ear/

  Otitis externa, or swimmers ear, is an outer ear infection that’s often caused by water that stays in your ears after swimming. […] Bacteria can grow in the moist environment. Swimming isn’t the only way you can develop this type of infection, though. […] You can also get otitis externa by putting cotton swabs, fingers, or other objects in your ear, injuring the outer ear, or if wax blocks the ear canal. […] Moisture in your ear: Heavy perspiration, humid weather, or leftover water in your ear after swimming can create an optimal environment for bacteria to thrive. […] Scratches in your ear canal: Cleaning your ear with a cotton swab or a hairpin can scratch the inside of your ear or rub away protective ear wax, causing small breaks in the skin that allow bacteria to grow. […] Sensitivity reactions: Jewelry or hair products, like hairspray, can cause allergies. Existing skin conditions, like eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis can also promote infection. […] Foreign objects in your ear canal: The use of hearing aids or ear buds can also promote infection. […] Age: Children are more prone to swimmers ear due to their small, narrow ear canals.

• #19 How to Fix Swimmer’s Ear | Lubbock Sinus Doctor

  https://www.lubbocksinusdoctor.com/blog/swimmers-ear-the-symptoms-treatment-and-how-to-prevent-it

  Swimmer’s ear or Otitis Externa is the infection and inflammation of the external ear canal. […] The leading cause of swimmer’s ear in the past was most likely bacteria that entered the ear while people were swimming in dirty or polluted water. […] It is believed that the regular rinsing of the ear that occurs while swimming in clean water may leave the ear without enough ear wax to keep it safe. […] However, when the ear wax is washed out, it can expose the outer ear to infection.

• #20 Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/swimmers-ear-otitis-externa-a-to-z

  Otitis externa is an infection of the ear canal caused by bacteria or fungi. It often is called swimmer’s ear because it is associated with frequent swimming. Prolonged exposure to water, which may contain certain bacteria, makes the skin of the ear canal swollen and more likely to get infected. Summer humidity also changes the skin of the ear canal, increasing the possibility of infection. […] People with skin conditions such as eczema and seborrhea may be more prone to infections. Others who are more likely to develop swimmer’s ear include people who: […] Suffer trauma to the ear canal, usually when trying to clean the ear with a cotton swab or other instrument […] Have small ear canals that do not drain well enough on their own […] Have drainage of pus from chronic middle ear infections with perforation of the eardrum […] Frequently use earplugs or hairspray […] Frequently get water in their ears from showers, baths or shampoos.

• #21 Swimmer’s Ear: Symptoms, Causes, and When to Consult Your Primary Care Doctor in Southington, CT

  https://docsmedicalgroup.com/docsurgentcare/swimmers-ear-symptoms-causes-and-when-to-consult-your-primary-care-doctor-in-southington-ct/

  In some cases, fungi might cause Swimmer’s Ear, especially in persistent or recurrent cases. […] Individuals with skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or seborrheic dermatitis are more prone to developing Swimmer’s Ear, as their skin might already be irritated or broken, allowing for easy entry of microbes.

• #22 Swimmer’s ear Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/swimmers-ear

  Swimmer’s ear is inflammation, irritation, or infection of the outer ear and ear canal. The medical term for swimmer’s ear is otitis externa. […] Swimmer’s ear is more common among children in their teens and young adults. It may occur with a middle ear infection or a respiratory infection such as a cold. […] Swimming in unclean water can lead to swimmer’s ear. Bacteria commonly often found in water can cause ear infections. Rarely, the infection may be caused by a fungus. […] Other causes of swimmer’s ear include: Scratching the ear or inside the ear which can damage the skin of the ear canal, Getting something stuck in the ear. […] Long-term (chronic) swimmer’s ear may be due to: Allergic reaction to something placed in the ear, Chronic skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis.

• #23 Swimmer’s ear: causes, symptoms, treatment | EarPros US

  https://www.earpros.com/ear-diseases/ear-infection/swimmers-ear

  Swimmers ear can be caused by putting things in your ears such as cotton swabs or even your fingers, which can damage the delicate thin layer of skin lining your ear canal. […] Diabetes is a leading cause of otitis externa. The high blood sugar is a perfect environment for yeast to thrive. […] Other factors that can greatly increase your chance of developing swimmers ear include: […] Getting water that in your ear that carries high levels of bacteria.

• #24 Swimmer’s Ear | Treatment, Causes, & Symptoms

  https://childrens.uvahealth.com/services/pediatric-ear-nose-throat/swimmers-ear

  Swimmers ear, or otitis externa, is an inflammation and/or infection of the ear canal. […] Causes of the infection can include: Water trapped in the ear canal, Chemical irritation, Damaged ear canal, which causes inflammation or allows infection. […] Your risk for infection increases with: Frequent swimming in warm, dirty or chlorinated water, Soap left in the ear canal, Narrow ear canals, Damage from middle ear infections, skin conditions or foreign objects. […] A child with diabetes, HIV, a weakened immune system or other chronic illness has a higher chance of getting swimmers ear. The child may also have a higher risk of the infection spreading and becoming more aggressive.

• #25 Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa) – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/swimmers-ear-otitis-externa/

  Swimmers ear (also called acute otitis externa) is a painful condition that affects the outer ear and ear canal that is caused by infection, inflammation, or irritation. […] A common source of the infection is increased moisture trapped in the ear canal from baths, showers, swimming, or moist environments. When water is trapped in the ear canal, bacteria that normally inhabit the skin and ear canal multiply, causing infection of the ear canal. […] Other factors that may contribute to swimmers ear include: Contact with excessive bacteria that may be present in hot tubs or polluted water, Excessive cleaning of the ear canal with cotton swabs or anything else that may cause breaks in the ear canal skin allowing bacteria in, Contact with certain chemicals such as hair spray or hair dye, Damage to the skin of the ear canal following water irrigation to remove wax, A cut in the skin of the ear canal, Other skin conditions affecting the ear canal, such as eczema or seborrhea. […] Finally, whats often called swimmers ear can also caused by ill-fitting hearing aids, or contaminated earbuds, earphones, or other ear devices.

• #26 Causes & Symptoms of Swimmer’s Ear – Riverview Health

  https://eruc.riverview.org/2021/07/12/causes-symptoms-of-swimmers-ear/

  Ear infections are never pleasant, especially if they create a blockage or reducing hearing. […] Swimmers ear, also called otitis externa, is an ear canal infection and is very common in swimmers. […] While swimmers ear is typically caused by a moist environment growing bacteria within the ear canal, there are other ways to develop the condition. Other causes of swimmers ear might include: […] Contact with bacteria found in water (hot tubs and polluted water) […] Breaks in the ear canal skin caused by excessive cleaning with Q-tips […] Certain chemicals such as hair dye or hair spray […] Water treatments to remove built-up wax […] A cut in the skin […] Other conditions such as eczema or seborrhea […] Ill-fitting hearing aids […] Contaminated earbuds.

• #27 Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa) | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/ear-nose-and-throat/conditions/swimmers-ear

  Swimmer’s ear is caused by fungi or bacteria. Water that remains trapped in the ear canal (when swimming, for example) may provide a source for the growth of bacteria and fungi. […] Swimmer’s ear (otitis externa) can occur when water is trapped in the ear canal, for example, while swimming. Many different factors can increase your child’s chance of developing swimmer’s ear. As the name implies, one of the factors is excessive wetness as with swimming, although it can occur without swimming. Other possible causes of this infection include the following: Being in warm, humid places, Harsh cleaning of the ear canal, Trauma to the ear canal, Dry ear canal skin, Foreign body in the ear canal, Lack of cerumen (ear wax), Eczema and other forms of dermatitis.

• #28 Swimmer’s Ear (External Otitis) (for Teens) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/swimmers-ear.html

  Swimmer’s ear is an infection of the ear canal, the tubular opening that carries sounds from the outside of the body to the eardrum. It can be caused by different types of bacteria or fungi. […] Swimmer’s ear or otitis externa usually develops in ears that are exposed to moisture. People who get it often have been diving or swimming a lot, which can bring germs directly into the ear canal. […] Sometimes, in a person with a middle ear infection (otitis media), pus collected in the middle ear can drain into the ear canal through a hole in the eardrum, causing otitis externa.

• #29 Swimmer’s Ear Treatment – Pediatric Associates of Austin

  https://www.pediatricassociates.net/conditions/swimmers-ear

  Swimmers ear is a common cause of earache in children who like to be in the water. […] Swimmers ear refers to an infection of the skin inside the ear canal or outer ear. It is called swimmers ear because it often occurs after swimming or other activities where water can get in the ears. […] Swimmers ear can occur after your child has spent time in the water. The extra moisture inside the ear can irritate the ear canal and allow bacteria or fungi to grow. Swimmers ear is a common summertime condition as kids often play in water more during these times. […] Anything that causes damage to the skin in the outer ear can lead to an infection. Damage can be caused by the following: Dry skin or eczema, Scratching the ear canal, Incorrect use of cotton swabs to clean the ear, Putting any foreign object into the ear. […] Swimmers ear can also start with a middle ear infection. The pus can drain out of the middle ear into the ear canal through a hole in the eardrum.

• #30 Swimmer’s Ear vs. Ear Infection: What’s the Difference?

  https://www.baptisthealth.com/blog/audiology/swimmers-ear-vs-ear-infection

  Swimmers ear is caused by water remaining in the outer ear after swimming, which creates an environment where bacteria can thrive. […] A child who recently had a cold or other upper respiratory infection (with symptoms like congestion, a runny nose, etc.) is more likely to have an ear infection.

• #31 Swimmer’s Ear Causes, Symptoms, Drops, Treatment & Pain Relief

  https://www.medicinenet.com/otitis_externa/article.htm

  Acute external otitis (acute swimmer’s ear) is a common bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, or Pseudomonas bacteria. […] Usually, bacterial ear infections in children and adults are transmitted through excessive water exposure from swimming, diving, surfing, kayaking, or other water sports. […] When water collects in the ear canal (frequently trapped by wax), the skin can become soggy, which is an incubator for bacteria to collect and grow. […] Cuts or abrasions in the lining of the ear canal (for example, from cotton swab injuries) also can expose the ear canal to a bacterial infection. […] Chronic (long-term) swimmer’s ear is otitis externa that persists for longer than four weeks or that occurs more than four times a year. […] This condition can be caused by the following: Bacterial infection, A skin condition (eczema or seborrhea), Fungal infection (Aspergillosis), Chronic irritation (such as from the use of hearing aids, insertion of cotton swabs, etc.), Allergy, chronic drainage from middle ear disease, tumors (rare), It may simply follow from a nervous habit of frequently scratching the ear.

• #32 Otitis Externa: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/994550-overview

  Necrotizing OE occurs in patients who are immunocompromised and represents a true osteomyelitis of the temporal bone. […] Risk factors for OE include the following: Previous episodes of OE, Swimming, diving, or participating in aquatic activities, Use of earplugs or probing of the EAC (possibly secondary to trauma to the EAC), Hot, humid weather, Use of a hearing aid, Coexistence of eczema, allergic rhinitis, or asthma, Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, AIDS, leukopenia, or malnutrition.

• #33 Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa): Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/ear-infection/understanding-swimmer-ear-basics

  Swimmer’s ear, which has the medical name of otitis externa, is an infection in your ear canal. […] Usually, swimmer’s ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. […] Most of the time, your ear fights off the germs that cause swimmer’s ear on its own. […] But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. Some common reasons you may get swimmer’s ear are: […] Moisture trapped in your ear. When water gets stuck in your ear canal after swimming — or after you soak in a hot tub or even take a shower or bath — it can remove some of the earwax and soften the skin, which makes it easier for germs to get in. […] Other things can play a role in swimmer’s ear, like: Your age. While swimmer’s ear can happen to anyone, it’s most common in kids and early teenagers. […] Skin reactions and conditions. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer’s ear. So can skin problems like eczema and psoriasis.

• #34 What doctors wish patients knew about swimmer’s ear | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-swimmer-s-ear

  Diving into pools or spending the day at the beach or lake can be the epitome of summer fun, but these aquatic adventures can also come with an unwelcome companion: otitis externa, commonly known as swimmers ear. […] Understanding its causes, symptoms and prevention methods is essential for water enthusiasts of all ages. […] Swimmers ear is an infection of the ear canalthe space that leads from the ear seen on the outside of the body to the middle ear behind the ear drum, echoed Dr. Eisert. It differs from other ear infections as it does not usually affect the middle ear like other infections do. […] We always see a surge of swimmers ear over the summer, Dr. Spence said, noting that the ear canal produces cerumenwhich is waxand that provides water protection, similar to the wax on your car.

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