Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Septic arthritis must be considered and promptly diagnosed in any patient presenting with acute atraumatic joint pain, swelling, and fever. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent morbidity and mortality. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis can lead to permanent morbidity and mortality. […] Subcartilaginous bone loss, cartilage destruction, and permanent joint dysfunction can occur if appropriate antibiotic therapy is not initiated within 24 to 48 hours of onset. […] The reported incidence of septic arthritis is four to 29 cases per 100,000 person-years, and risk increases with age, use of immunosuppressive medications, and lower socioeconomic status. […] A large cohort study showed that the 90-day mortality rate for septic arthritis is 7% and increases to 22% to 69% in patients 80 years and older.

• #2 An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10214960/

  Acute septic arthritis is on the rise among all patients. Acute septic arthritis must be extensively assessed, identified, and treated to prevent fatal consequences. […] This article aims to furnish radiologists, orthopaedic surgeons, and other medical practitioners with contemporary insights on the subject matter and foster collaborative efforts to improve patient outcomes. […] In order to limit the risk of lifelong disability, making a fast diagnosis and treatment plan for ASA patients is crucial. […] To provide the best possible care for these patients, doctors must have a comprehensive awareness of the patients medical history, the results of the physical exam, the diagnostic testing, and the available treatment options. […] The annual incidence of ASA varies from 1 to 35 cases per 100,000 individuals in different countries, with the United States having a rate of 4 to 10 cases per 100,000 individuals.

• #3 An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10214960/

  Septic arthritis is on the rise, associated with an aging population, an increase in the number of invasive procedures performed, and an increase in the number of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. […] A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function. […] Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed.

• #4 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #5 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  The prognosis (outlook) for septic arthritis depends on a few factors, including: […] Some types of bacteria, such as MRSA, are more challenging to treat than others. The longer septic arthritis lasts, the more likely the affected joint will become damaged. People who have weakened immune systems are also more likely to have damage to their affected joint. […] Despite the use of antibiotics for treatment, there’s a 7% to 15% mortality (death) rate for septic arthritis. If you’re experiencing signs or symptoms of septic arthritis, be sure to contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital as soon as possible. […] Septic arthritis is a serious condition. Complications of septic arthritis can include: […] Chronic pain. […] Osteomyelitis (inflammation or swelling in the bone). […] Osteonecrosis (bone tissue dies due to lack of blood flow). […] A difference in leg length. […] Sepsis (widespread inflammation in the body). […] Death.

• #6 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #7 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. The 1-year rates for arthrodesis, amputation and arthroplasty were 0.13%, 0.40%, and 1.33%, respectively. Within 15 years of follow-up, 8.76% of patients had undergone arthroplasty, equating to a risk of arthroplasty six times that of the general population (Abram et al., 2020). […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function (Gramlich et al., 2020). Long-term recurrence of glenohumeral fractures following clinically effective therapy Joint septic arthritis is uncommon, and few patients get elective arthroplasty after septic shoulder arthritis (Sweet et al., 2019). If the therapies were ineffective, the death rate at 30 days was 2% and increased to 6% after 90 days (Kennedy et al., 2015). Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed. Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses (McBride et al., 2020).

• #8 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Failure was 3.2 times higher in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis, 6.1 times higher if the infecting organism was S. aureus, and 7.2 times higher if it involved the hip rather than the knee. […] Our results show that mortality rate is high following septic arthritis with an initial death rate of 9.1% in this large cohort study. […] Furthermore, mortality following septic arthritis was more commonly seen in elderly patients with a high number of comorbidities. […] For every unit increase in CCI score, odds of inpatient death was 1.88 times more likely. […] There was a high number of patients who went on to develop catastrophic failure of the joint following septic arthritis, and the perceived good results experienced initially were misleading. […] Infected hip joints tended to do very badly, with 9/17 cases progressing on to a failure of the joint in this small series. […] S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms.

• #9 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #10 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Failure was 3.2 times higher in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis, 6.1 times higher if the infecting organism was S. aureus, and 7.2 times higher if it involved the hip rather than the knee. […] Our results show that mortality rate is high following septic arthritis with an initial death rate of 9.1% in this large cohort study. […] Furthermore, mortality following septic arthritis was more commonly seen in elderly patients with a high number of comorbidities. […] For every unit increase in CCI score, odds of inpatient death was 1.88 times more likely. […] There was a high number of patients who went on to develop catastrophic failure of the joint following septic arthritis, and the perceived good results experienced initially were misleading. […] Infected hip joints tended to do very badly, with 9/17 cases progressing on to a failure of the joint in this small series. […] S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms.

• #11 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #12 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #13 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #14 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, bacteremia, and low creatinine clearance are also associated with increased mortality. […] Oligoarticular septic arthritis is associated with higher mortality compared with monoarticular septic arthritis. […] Poor functional outcomes such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration occur in about 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis and are more likely with older age, preexisting joint disease, and synthetic intraarticular material.

• #15 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #16 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #17 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #18 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #19 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #20 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #21 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  In a university hospital setting, SA is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. […] The present study emphasises the continuing poor outcomes following native SA in adults. Better patient outcomes will require additional research into the optimal management of SA (improved diagnosis, joint drainage methods, antibiotic regimens, treatment duration, etc.). […] Septic arthritis continues to be associated with a considerable degree of morbidity and mortality. […] C-reactive protein might be a valuable predictive factor for death directly attributable to SA. […] Hip joint involvement is associated with a poor functional outcome.

• #22 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #23 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #24 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, bacteremia, and low creatinine clearance are also associated with increased mortality. […] Oligoarticular septic arthritis is associated with higher mortality compared with monoarticular septic arthritis. […] Poor functional outcomes such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration occur in about 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis and are more likely with older age, preexisting joint disease, and synthetic intraarticular material.

• #25 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #26 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, bacteremia, and low creatinine clearance are also associated with increased mortality. […] Oligoarticular septic arthritis is associated with higher mortality compared with monoarticular septic arthritis. […] Poor functional outcomes such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration occur in about 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis and are more likely with older age, preexisting joint disease, and synthetic intraarticular material.

• #27 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #28 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #29 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #30 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #31 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  In a university hospital setting, SA is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. […] The present study emphasises the continuing poor outcomes following native SA in adults. Better patient outcomes will require additional research into the optimal management of SA (improved diagnosis, joint drainage methods, antibiotic regimens, treatment duration, etc.). […] Septic arthritis continues to be associated with a considerable degree of morbidity and mortality. […] C-reactive protein might be a valuable predictive factor for death directly attributable to SA. […] Hip joint involvement is associated with a poor functional outcome.

• #32 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #33 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, bacteremia, and low creatinine clearance are also associated with increased mortality. […] Oligoarticular septic arthritis is associated with higher mortality compared with monoarticular septic arthritis. […] Poor functional outcomes such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration occur in about 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis and are more likely with older age, preexisting joint disease, and synthetic intraarticular material.

• #34 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #35 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #36 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #37 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #38 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #39 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Other comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, bacteremia, and low creatinine clearance are also associated with increased mortality. […] Oligoarticular septic arthritis is associated with higher mortality compared with monoarticular septic arthritis. […] Poor functional outcomes such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration occur in about 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis and are more likely with older age, preexisting joint disease, and synthetic intraarticular material.

• #40 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The third aim was to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism. In particular, we wanted to test whether those patients infected by S. aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms. […] The question needs to be asked as to why these poor outcomes have occurred if the majority of patients were doing well at the time the infection had resolved. The answer may lie in the unique structure of articular cartilage.

• #41 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. […] Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus. […] Septic arthritis outcomes were substantially worse than previously demonstrated in the literature postulated to be due to secondary damage to articular cartilage caused by the initial infection. […] Staphylococcus aureus was associated with a considerably higher level of joint damage compared to other organisms. […] Early and aggressive treatments of septic arthritis to protect the articular cartilage is inferred. […] The outcome for patients from Group 1 (Staphylococcus aureus infection) was much worse than those from Group 2 (other organisms) for both knee and hip joint septic arthritis.

• #42 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. […] Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus. […] Septic arthritis outcomes were substantially worse than previously demonstrated in the literature postulated to be due to secondary damage to articular cartilage caused by the initial infection. […] Staphylococcus aureus was associated with a considerably higher level of joint damage compared to other organisms. […] Early and aggressive treatments of septic arthritis to protect the articular cartilage is inferred. […] The outcome for patients from Group 1 (Staphylococcus aureus infection) was much worse than those from Group 2 (other organisms) for both knee and hip joint septic arthritis.

• #43 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The aims of this study were to: 1) report on a cohort of skeletally mature patients with native hip and knee septic arthritis over a 14-year period; 2) to determine the rate of joint failure in patients who had experienced an episode of hip or knee septic arthritis; and 3) to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism, whether those patients infected by Staphylococcus aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. […] A failure of the joint occurred in 26 knees (21%) and nine hips (53%). Of the knee joints infected by S. aureus (n = 71), 23 knees (32%) went into failure of joint, whereas of those infected by other organisms (n = 54), only three knees (6%) failed. […] Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus.

• #44 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. […] Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus. […] Septic arthritis outcomes were substantially worse than previously demonstrated in the literature postulated to be due to secondary damage to articular cartilage caused by the initial infection. […] Staphylococcus aureus was associated with a considerably higher level of joint damage compared to other organisms. […] Early and aggressive treatments of septic arthritis to protect the articular cartilage is inferred. […] The outcome for patients from Group 1 (Staphylococcus aureus infection) was much worse than those from Group 2 (other organisms) for both knee and hip joint septic arthritis.

• #45 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Failure was 3.2 times higher in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis, 6.1 times higher if the infecting organism was S. aureus, and 7.2 times higher if it involved the hip rather than the knee. […] Our results show that mortality rate is high following septic arthritis with an initial death rate of 9.1% in this large cohort study. […] Furthermore, mortality following septic arthritis was more commonly seen in elderly patients with a high number of comorbidities. […] For every unit increase in CCI score, odds of inpatient death was 1.88 times more likely. […] There was a high number of patients who went on to develop catastrophic failure of the joint following septic arthritis, and the perceived good results experienced initially were misleading. […] Infected hip joints tended to do very badly, with 9/17 cases progressing on to a failure of the joint in this small series. […] S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms.

• #46 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The third aim was to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism. In particular, we wanted to test whether those patients infected by S. aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms. […] The question needs to be asked as to why these poor outcomes have occurred if the majority of patients were doing well at the time the infection had resolved. The answer may lie in the unique structure of articular cartilage.

• #47 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #48 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The aims of this study were to: 1) report on a cohort of skeletally mature patients with native hip and knee septic arthritis over a 14-year period; 2) to determine the rate of joint failure in patients who had experienced an episode of hip or knee septic arthritis; and 3) to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism, whether those patients infected by Staphylococcus aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. […] A failure of the joint occurred in 26 knees (21%) and nine hips (53%). Of the knee joints infected by S. aureus (n = 71), 23 knees (32%) went into failure of joint, whereas of those infected by other organisms (n = 54), only three knees (6%) failed. […] Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus.

• #49 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective single-center study of 186 patients with native septic arthritis revealed that Staphylococcus aureus infection, endocarditis, and the involvement of joints difficult to access with needle drainage predict treatment failure and that age, baseline leukocyte count, bacteremia, diabetes, and chronic renal failure predict mortality (Maneiro et al., 2015). In Old age, anginosus group streptococci, enterococci, and polymicrobial infections predicted poor outcomes, while antibiotic treatment duration can likely be shortened (Kaandorp et al., 1995). MRSA was identified as a risk factor for an unplanned return to the operating room after arthroscopic treatment (Jaffe et al., 2017). Staphylococcus aureus is an independent risk factor for the recurrence of infections after surgical treatment of shoulder septic arthritis (Böhler et al., 2017).

• #50 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective single-center study of 186 patients with native septic arthritis revealed that Staphylococcus aureus infection, endocarditis, and the involvement of joints difficult to access with needle drainage predict treatment failure and that age, baseline leukocyte count, bacteremia, diabetes, and chronic renal failure predict mortality (Maneiro et al., 2015). In Old age, anginosus group streptococci, enterococci, and polymicrobial infections predicted poor outcomes, while antibiotic treatment duration can likely be shortened (Kaandorp et al., 1995). MRSA was identified as a risk factor for an unplanned return to the operating room after arthroscopic treatment (Jaffe et al., 2017). Staphylococcus aureus is an independent risk factor for the recurrence of infections after surgical treatment of shoulder septic arthritis (Böhler et al., 2017).

• #51 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  Patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder frequently experience substantial systemic complications regardless of the treatment method. Septicemia was a common complication among all treatment groups, with cultures most frequently indicating Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism (Jiang et al., 2017). Adults with a history of inflammatory arthropathy, involvement of a large joint, a synovial-fluid nucleated cell count of >85.0 × 109 cells/L, infection with S. aureus, or a history of diabetes had a higher risk of failure of a single surgical debridement for acute septic arthritis and requiring additional surgical debridement (Hunter et al., 2015).

• #52 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective single-center study of 186 patients with native septic arthritis revealed that Staphylococcus aureus infection, endocarditis, and the involvement of joints difficult to access with needle drainage predict treatment failure and that age, baseline leukocyte count, bacteremia, diabetes, and chronic renal failure predict mortality (Maneiro et al., 2015). In Old age, anginosus group streptococci, enterococci, and polymicrobial infections predicted poor outcomes, while antibiotic treatment duration can likely be shortened (Kaandorp et al., 1995). MRSA was identified as a risk factor for an unplanned return to the operating room after arthroscopic treatment (Jaffe et al., 2017). Staphylococcus aureus is an independent risk factor for the recurrence of infections after surgical treatment of shoulder septic arthritis (Böhler et al., 2017).

• #53 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #54 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Failure was 3.2 times higher in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis, 6.1 times higher if the infecting organism was S. aureus, and 7.2 times higher if it involved the hip rather than the knee. […] Our results show that mortality rate is high following septic arthritis with an initial death rate of 9.1% in this large cohort study. […] Furthermore, mortality following septic arthritis was more commonly seen in elderly patients with a high number of comorbidities. […] For every unit increase in CCI score, odds of inpatient death was 1.88 times more likely. […] There was a high number of patients who went on to develop catastrophic failure of the joint following septic arthritis, and the perceived good results experienced initially were misleading. […] Infected hip joints tended to do very badly, with 9/17 cases progressing on to a failure of the joint in this small series. […] S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms.

• #55 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Failure was 3.2 times higher in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis, 6.1 times higher if the infecting organism was S. aureus, and 7.2 times higher if it involved the hip rather than the knee. […] Our results show that mortality rate is high following septic arthritis with an initial death rate of 9.1% in this large cohort study. […] Furthermore, mortality following septic arthritis was more commonly seen in elderly patients with a high number of comorbidities. […] For every unit increase in CCI score, odds of inpatient death was 1.88 times more likely. […] There was a high number of patients who went on to develop catastrophic failure of the joint following septic arthritis, and the perceived good results experienced initially were misleading. […] Infected hip joints tended to do very badly, with 9/17 cases progressing on to a failure of the joint in this small series. […] S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms.

• #56 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Failure was 3.2 times higher in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis, 6.1 times higher if the infecting organism was S. aureus, and 7.2 times higher if it involved the hip rather than the knee. […] Our results show that mortality rate is high following septic arthritis with an initial death rate of 9.1% in this large cohort study. […] Furthermore, mortality following septic arthritis was more commonly seen in elderly patients with a high number of comorbidities. […] For every unit increase in CCI score, odds of inpatient death was 1.88 times more likely. […] There was a high number of patients who went on to develop catastrophic failure of the joint following septic arthritis, and the perceived good results experienced initially were misleading. […] Infected hip joints tended to do very badly, with 9/17 cases progressing on to a failure of the joint in this small series. […] S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms.

• #57 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Failure was 3.2 times higher in patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis, 6.1 times higher if the infecting organism was S. aureus, and 7.2 times higher if it involved the hip rather than the knee. […] Our results show that mortality rate is high following septic arthritis with an initial death rate of 9.1% in this large cohort study. […] Furthermore, mortality following septic arthritis was more commonly seen in elderly patients with a high number of comorbidities. […] For every unit increase in CCI score, odds of inpatient death was 1.88 times more likely. […] There was a high number of patients who went on to develop catastrophic failure of the joint following septic arthritis, and the perceived good results experienced initially were misleading. […] Infected hip joints tended to do very badly, with 9/17 cases progressing on to a failure of the joint in this small series. […] S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms.

• #58 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The aims of this study were to: 1) report on a cohort of skeletally mature patients with native hip and knee septic arthritis over a 14-year period; 2) to determine the rate of joint failure in patients who had experienced an episode of hip or knee septic arthritis; and 3) to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism, whether those patients infected by Staphylococcus aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. […] A failure of the joint occurred in 26 knees (21%) and nine hips (53%). Of the knee joints infected by S. aureus (n = 71), 23 knees (32%) went into failure of joint, whereas of those infected by other organisms (n = 54), only three knees (6%) failed. […] Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus.

• #59 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA). […] Mortality directly attributable to SA was relatively infrequent (n=6, 5.6%) and occurred soon after the onset of SA (median [range]: 24 days [1-42]). […] Major risk factors associated with death directly attributable to SA were older age (p=0.023), high C-reactive protein levels (p=0.002), diabetes mellitus (p=0.028), rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases (p=0.021), confusion on admission (p=0.012), bacteraemia (p=0.015), a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.009) and the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.003). […] The proportion of poor functional outcomes was high (31.8%). Major risk factors associated with a poor functional outcome were older age (p=0.049), hip joint involvement (p=0.003), the presence of leg ulcers/eschars (p=0.012), longer time to presentation (p=0.034) and a low creatinine clearance rate (p=0.013).

• #60 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  In a university hospital setting, SA is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. […] The present study emphasises the continuing poor outcomes following native SA in adults. Better patient outcomes will require additional research into the optimal management of SA (improved diagnosis, joint drainage methods, antibiotic regimens, treatment duration, etc.). […] Septic arthritis continues to be associated with a considerable degree of morbidity and mortality. […] C-reactive protein might be a valuable predictive factor for death directly attributable to SA. […] Hip joint involvement is associated with a poor functional outcome.

• #61 An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10214960/

  Septic arthritis is on the rise, associated with an aging population, an increase in the number of invasive procedures performed, and an increase in the number of patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. […] A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function. […] Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed.

• #62 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. The 1-year rates for arthrodesis, amputation and arthroplasty were 0.13%, 0.40%, and 1.33%, respectively. Within 15 years of follow-up, 8.76% of patients had undergone arthroplasty, equating to a risk of arthroplasty six times that of the general population (Abram et al., 2020). […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function (Gramlich et al., 2020). Long-term recurrence of glenohumeral fractures following clinically effective therapy Joint septic arthritis is uncommon, and few patients get elective arthroplasty after septic shoulder arthritis (Sweet et al., 2019). If the therapies were ineffective, the death rate at 30 days was 2% and increased to 6% after 90 days (Kennedy et al., 2015). Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed. Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses (McBride et al., 2020).

• #63 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  Patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder frequently experience substantial systemic complications regardless of the treatment method. Septicemia was a common complication among all treatment groups, with cultures most frequently indicating Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism (Jiang et al., 2017). Adults with a history of inflammatory arthropathy, involvement of a large joint, a synovial-fluid nucleated cell count of >85.0 × 109 cells/L, infection with S. aureus, or a history of diabetes had a higher risk of failure of a single surgical debridement for acute septic arthritis and requiring additional surgical debridement (Hunter et al., 2015).

• #64 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The aims of this study were to: 1) report on a cohort of skeletally mature patients with native hip and knee septic arthritis over a 14-year period; 2) to determine the rate of joint failure in patients who had experienced an episode of hip or knee septic arthritis; and 3) to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism, whether those patients infected by Staphylococcus aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. […] A failure of the joint occurred in 26 knees (21%) and nine hips (53%). Of the knee joints infected by S. aureus (n = 71), 23 knees (32%) went into failure of joint, whereas of those infected by other organisms (n = 54), only three knees (6%) failed. […] Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus.

• #65 An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10214960/

  Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses. […] Injection drug use is a growing cause of septic knee admissions and is related to greater rates of death, recurrent arthroscopic or open irrigation, and debridement. […] Patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder frequently experience substantial systemic complications regardless of the treatment method.

• #66 An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10214960/

  Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses. […] Injection drug use is a growing cause of septic knee admissions and is related to greater rates of death, recurrent arthroscopic or open irrigation, and debridement. […] Patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder frequently experience substantial systemic complications regardless of the treatment method.

• #67 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. The 1-year rates for arthrodesis, amputation and arthroplasty were 0.13%, 0.40%, and 1.33%, respectively. Within 15 years of follow-up, 8.76% of patients had undergone arthroplasty, equating to a risk of arthroplasty six times that of the general population (Abram et al., 2020). […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function (Gramlich et al., 2020). Long-term recurrence of glenohumeral fractures following clinically effective therapy Joint septic arthritis is uncommon, and few patients get elective arthroplasty after septic shoulder arthritis (Sweet et al., 2019). If the therapies were ineffective, the death rate at 30 days was 2% and increased to 6% after 90 days (Kennedy et al., 2015). Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed. Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses (McBride et al., 2020).

• #68 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. The 1-year rates for arthrodesis, amputation and arthroplasty were 0.13%, 0.40%, and 1.33%, respectively. Within 15 years of follow-up, 8.76% of patients had undergone arthroplasty, equating to a risk of arthroplasty six times that of the general population (Abram et al., 2020). […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function (Gramlich et al., 2020). Long-term recurrence of glenohumeral fractures following clinically effective therapy Joint septic arthritis is uncommon, and few patients get elective arthroplasty after septic shoulder arthritis (Sweet et al., 2019). If the therapies were ineffective, the death rate at 30 days was 2% and increased to 6% after 90 days (Kennedy et al., 2015). Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed. Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses (McBride et al., 2020).

• #69 Validation of Septic Knee Monoarthritis Prediction Rule in a Lyme Disease Endemic Area – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/journal-reviews/validation-of-septic-knee-monoarthritis-prediction-rule-in-a-lyme-disease-endemic-area/

  Children with ANC 10 x 10 cells per mm and ESR 40 mm/hour are at low risk for septic arthritisour septic arthritis prediction model had the same sensitivity and higher specificity than the published Kocher criteria and can be used to assist clinical decision-making for the care of children with knee monoarthritis in Lyme disease-endemic areas. […] In this validation cohort, 66.3% (303/457) of patients had a negative rule and would be classified as low risk. In low risk patients, use of the rule could decrease the rate of arthrocentesis by 17.2%, operative joint washout by 5.3% and admission by 17.8%. […] This rule accurately identified children at low risk of septic arthritis. In Lyme disease-endemic areas, clinicians can use this tool to guide initial management for a child with knee monoarthritis to avoid potentially unnecessary and invasive procedures for low-risk children without missing a case of septic arthritis.

• #70 Validation of Septic Knee Monoarthritis Prediction Rule in a Lyme Disease Endemic Area – Core EM

  https://coreem.net/journal-reviews/validation-of-septic-knee-monoarthritis-prediction-rule-in-a-lyme-disease-endemic-area/

  The primary benefit of the rule is reducing the rate of arthrocentesis, operative joint washout, admission and the use of unnecessary/incorrect antibiotics. The primary risk of using the rule is in missing septic arthritis. No patients with septic arthritis were misidentified by the rule. The lower limited of the 95% confidence interval for the predictive value of a negative rule was 98.8%, indicating that 1.2% (1 in 83) of patients with a negative rule could be misclassified as low risk for septic arthritis.

• #71 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  Patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder frequently experience substantial systemic complications regardless of the treatment method. Septicemia was a common complication among all treatment groups, with cultures most frequently indicating Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism (Jiang et al., 2017). Adults with a history of inflammatory arthropathy, involvement of a large joint, a synovial-fluid nucleated cell count of >85.0 × 109 cells/L, infection with S. aureus, or a history of diabetes had a higher risk of failure of a single surgical debridement for acute septic arthritis and requiring additional surgical debridement (Hunter et al., 2015).

• #72 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The aims of this study were to: 1) report on a cohort of skeletally mature patients with native hip and knee septic arthritis over a 14-year period; 2) to determine the rate of joint failure in patients who had experienced an episode of hip or knee septic arthritis; and 3) to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism, whether those patients infected by Staphylococcus aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. […] A failure of the joint occurred in 26 knees (21%) and nine hips (53%). Of the knee joints infected by S. aureus (n = 71), 23 knees (32%) went into failure of joint, whereas of those infected by other organisms (n = 54), only three knees (6%) failed. […] Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus.

• #73 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. […] Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus. […] Septic arthritis outcomes were substantially worse than previously demonstrated in the literature postulated to be due to secondary damage to articular cartilage caused by the initial infection. […] Staphylococcus aureus was associated with a considerably higher level of joint damage compared to other organisms. […] Early and aggressive treatments of septic arthritis to protect the articular cartilage is inferred. […] The outcome for patients from Group 1 (Staphylococcus aureus infection) was much worse than those from Group 2 (other organisms) for both knee and hip joint septic arthritis.

• #74 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #75 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. The 1-year rates for arthrodesis, amputation and arthroplasty were 0.13%, 0.40%, and 1.33%, respectively. Within 15 years of follow-up, 8.76% of patients had undergone arthroplasty, equating to a risk of arthroplasty six times that of the general population (Abram et al., 2020). […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function (Gramlich et al., 2020). Long-term recurrence of glenohumeral fractures following clinically effective therapy Joint septic arthritis is uncommon, and few patients get elective arthroplasty after septic shoulder arthritis (Sweet et al., 2019). If the therapies were ineffective, the death rate at 30 days was 2% and increased to 6% after 90 days (Kennedy et al., 2015). Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed. Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses (McBride et al., 2020).

• #76 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. The 1-year rates for arthrodesis, amputation and arthroplasty were 0.13%, 0.40%, and 1.33%, respectively. Within 15 years of follow-up, 8.76% of patients had undergone arthroplasty, equating to a risk of arthroplasty six times that of the general population (Abram et al., 2020). […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function (Gramlich et al., 2020). Long-term recurrence of glenohumeral fractures following clinically effective therapy Joint septic arthritis is uncommon, and few patients get elective arthroplasty after septic shoulder arthritis (Sweet et al., 2019). If the therapies were ineffective, the death rate at 30 days was 2% and increased to 6% after 90 days (Kennedy et al., 2015). Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed. Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses (McBride et al., 2020).

• #77 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. […] Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus. […] Septic arthritis outcomes were substantially worse than previously demonstrated in the literature postulated to be due to secondary damage to articular cartilage caused by the initial infection. […] Staphylococcus aureus was associated with a considerably higher level of joint damage compared to other organisms. […] Early and aggressive treatments of septic arthritis to protect the articular cartilage is inferred. […] The outcome for patients from Group 1 (Staphylococcus aureus infection) was much worse than those from Group 2 (other organisms) for both knee and hip joint septic arthritis.

• #78 The long-term time course of septic arthritis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410400/

  The third aim was to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism. In particular, we wanted to test whether those patients infected by S. aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms. S. aureus took a more destructive course, with 37% of patients developing joint failure compared to only 8% of patients whose infections were caused by other organisms. […] The question needs to be asked as to why these poor outcomes have occurred if the majority of patients were doing well at the time the infection had resolved. The answer may lie in the unique structure of articular cartilage.

• #79 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  The prognosis (outlook) for septic arthritis depends on a few factors, including: […] Some types of bacteria, such as MRSA, are more challenging to treat than others. The longer septic arthritis lasts, the more likely the affected joint will become damaged. People who have weakened immune systems are also more likely to have damage to their affected joint. […] Despite the use of antibiotics for treatment, there’s a 7% to 15% mortality (death) rate for septic arthritis. If you’re experiencing signs or symptoms of septic arthritis, be sure to contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital as soon as possible. […] Septic arthritis is a serious condition. Complications of septic arthritis can include: […] Chronic pain. […] Osteomyelitis (inflammation or swelling in the bone). […] Osteonecrosis (bone tissue dies due to lack of blood flow). […] A difference in leg length. […] Sepsis (widespread inflammation in the body). […] Death.

• #80 Management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis: a nationwide survey in French rheumatology departments, 2016–2017 | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

  https://ard.bmj.com/content/81/11/1612

  Objectives To describe current management and outcome of native joint septic arthritis (NJSA) in French rheumatology departments. […] Overall, 362 patients were included (mean age 64.018.6 years, median Charlson comorbidity index 3.5 (014)). […] During follow-up, 91 (28.3%) patients have had serious complications and 28 (9.2%) of them died. […] Factors associated with 1-year mortality were age (OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.13; p0.001), Charlsons index (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.58; p=0.012), presence of bacteraemia (OR 4.02, 95%CI 1.35 to 11.99; p=0.008), antibiotic use in the previous 3 months (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.11 to 9.87; p=0.029) and Staphylococcus aureus NJSA compared with Streptococcus sp. NJSA (OR 7.24, 95%CI 1.26 to 41.68, p=0.027). […] The complete recovery with no adverse joint outcome at 1year was observed in n=125/278 patients (55.0%). […] Prognosis of NJSA remained severe with a high rate of morbimortality.

• #81 Frontiers | An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1193645/full

  A retrospective cohort analysis included 12132 patients with septic arthritis who underwent arthroscopic knee washing in England between 1997 and 2017. Among 10 195 (84%) patients with septic arthritis as the primary admission diagnosis, the 90-day mortality rate was 7.05 percent, but 22.69% in 1842 patients older than 79. The 1-year rates for arthrodesis, amputation and arthroplasty were 0.13%, 0.40%, and 1.33%, respectively. Within 15 years of follow-up, 8.76% of patients had undergone arthroplasty, equating to a risk of arthroplasty six times that of the general population (Abram et al., 2020). […] In contrast to the knee, it is envisaged that septic arthritis of the shoulder will result in a severe loss of function (Gramlich et al., 2020). Long-term recurrence of glenohumeral fractures following clinically effective therapy Joint septic arthritis is uncommon, and few patients get elective arthroplasty after septic shoulder arthritis (Sweet et al., 2019). If the therapies were ineffective, the death rate at 30 days was 2% and increased to 6% after 90 days (Kennedy et al., 2015). Treatment failure was independently linked with joint size, age, intra-articular non-arthroplasty prosthesis, and surgical procedures performed. Small-joint septic arthritis has a better prognosis than large-joint septic arthritis and may be treated safely with shorter antibiotic courses (McBride et al., 2020).

• #82 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  In a university hospital setting, SA is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. […] The present study emphasises the continuing poor outcomes following native SA in adults. Better patient outcomes will require additional research into the optimal management of SA (improved diagnosis, joint drainage methods, antibiotic regimens, treatment duration, etc.). […] Septic arthritis continues to be associated with a considerable degree of morbidity and mortality. […] C-reactive protein might be a valuable predictive factor for death directly attributable to SA. […] Hip joint involvement is associated with a poor functional outcome.

• #83 The long-term time course of septic arthritis | Bone & Joint

  https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2633-1462.59.BJO-2024-0048.R1

  Based on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. […] Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus. […] Septic arthritis outcomes were substantially worse than previously demonstrated in the literature postulated to be due to secondary damage to articular cartilage caused by the initial infection. […] Staphylococcus aureus was associated with a considerably higher level of joint damage compared to other organisms. […] Early and aggressive treatments of septic arthritis to protect the articular cartilage is inferred. […] The outcome for patients from Group 1 (Staphylococcus aureus infection) was much worse than those from Group 2 (other organisms) for both knee and hip joint septic arthritis.

• #84 Morbimortality in adult patients with septic arthritis: a three-year hospital-based study | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1540-0

  In a university hospital setting, SA is still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. […] The present study emphasises the continuing poor outcomes following native SA in adults. Better patient outcomes will require additional research into the optimal management of SA (improved diagnosis, joint drainage methods, antibiotic regimens, treatment duration, etc.). […] Septic arthritis continues to be associated with a considerable degree of morbidity and mortality. […] C-reactive protein might be a valuable predictive factor for death directly attributable to SA. […] Hip joint involvement is associated with a poor functional outcome.

• #85 An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10214960/

  Acute septic arthritis is on the rise among all patients. Acute septic arthritis must be extensively assessed, identified, and treated to prevent fatal consequences. […] This article aims to furnish radiologists, orthopaedic surgeons, and other medical practitioners with contemporary insights on the subject matter and foster collaborative efforts to improve patient outcomes. […] In order to limit the risk of lifelong disability, making a fast diagnosis and treatment plan for ASA patients is crucial. […] To provide the best possible care for these patients, doctors must have a comprehensive awareness of the patients medical history, the results of the physical exam, the diagnostic testing, and the available treatment options. […] The annual incidence of ASA varies from 1 to 35 cases per 100,000 individuals in different countries, with the United States having a rate of 4 to 10 cases per 100,000 individuals.

• #86 An update on recent progress of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute septic arthritis: a review

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10214960/

  Acute septic arthritis is on the rise among all patients. Acute septic arthritis must be extensively assessed, identified, and treated to prevent fatal consequences. […] This article aims to furnish radiologists, orthopaedic surgeons, and other medical practitioners with contemporary insights on the subject matter and foster collaborative efforts to improve patient outcomes. […] In order to limit the risk of lifelong disability, making a fast diagnosis and treatment plan for ASA patients is crucial. […] To provide the best possible care for these patients, doctors must have a comprehensive awareness of the patients medical history, the results of the physical exam, the diagnostic testing, and the available treatment options. […] The annual incidence of ASA varies from 1 to 35 cases per 100,000 individuals in different countries, with the United States having a rate of 4 to 10 cases per 100,000 individuals.

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