Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Septic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538176/

  Septic arthritis is inflammation of the joints secondary to an infectious etiology such as bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, viral, or other pathogens. It is usually monoarticular, however, polyarticular septic arthritis involving many or smaller joints may also occur. […] Septic arthritis classically presents with acute onset monoarticular joint pain, fever, swelling, and a reluctance or refusal to move the affected joint. Fever may be present in 40% to 60% of cases but is a nonspecific finding. Lower extremities joints (hips, knees, and ankles) are affected in most cases of septic arthritis, with the knee being the most commonly affected joint in adults. 20% of cases are oligoarticular especially in the setting of severe sepsis, immune compromise, rheumatoid arthritis or multiple comorbid conditions.

• #2 Septic Arthritis: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.healthline.com/health/arthritis/septic-arthritis-causes

  Septic arthritis is joint inflammation thats caused by an infection. Most of the time, septic arthritis only affects a single joint. However, it can affect multiple joints 510% of the time. […] The symptoms of septic arthritis typically appear quickly and develop over a period of a few days. They include: severe pain and swelling, typically affecting one joint; redness or warmth of the affected joint; loss of range of motion in the affected joint; fever, which may include chills. […] Its important to visit a doctor promptly if you develop symptoms of septic arthritis. If left untreated, it can cause joint damage and disability and may lead to bone infections, sepsis, or even death. […] Septic arthritis is typically an acute condition. This means it comes on suddenly and lasts for a short time. However, the effects of septic arthritis can be lifelong. If treatment is delayed, the effects of septic arthritis can lead to serious joint damage and potential disability.

• #3 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Septic arthritis must be considered and promptly diagnosed in any patient presenting with acute atraumatic joint pain, swelling, and fever. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent morbidity and mortality. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis can lead to permanent morbidity and mortality. Subcartilaginous bone loss, cartilage destruction, and permanent joint dysfunction can occur if appropriate antibiotic therapy is not initiated within 24 to 48 hours of onset. […] The reported incidence of septic arthritis is four to 29 cases per 100,000 person-years, and risk increases with age, use of immunosuppressive medications, and lower socioeconomic status. […] More than 50% of patients with septic arthritis have a history of joint swelling, joint pain, and fever.

• #4 Approach to Septic Arthritis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0915/p653.html

  Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infectious arthritis can help prevent significant morbidity and mortality. The acute onset of monoarticular joint pain, erythema, heat, and immobility should raise suspicion of sepsis. […] Constitutional symptoms such as fever, chills, and rigors are poorly sensitive for septic arthritis. In the absence of peripheral leukopenia or prosthetic joint replacement, synovial fluid white blood cell count in patients with septic arthritis is usually greater than 50,000 per mm3. […] Septic arthritis is a key consideration in adults presenting with acute monoarticular arthritis. Failure to initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy within the first 24 to 48 hours of onset can cause subchondral bone loss and permanent joint dysfunction. […] The incidence of septic arthritis ranges widely, between four and 29 cases per 100,000 person-years, and depends on population variables and preexisting structural joint abnormalities.

• #5 Septic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538176/

  Septic arthritis is inflammation of the joints secondary to an infectious etiology such as bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, viral, or other pathogens. It is usually monoarticular, however, polyarticular septic arthritis involving many or smaller joints may also occur. […] Septic arthritis classically presents with acute onset monoarticular joint pain, fever, swelling, and a reluctance or refusal to move the affected joint. Fever may be present in 40% to 60% of cases but is a nonspecific finding. Lower extremities joints (hips, knees, and ankles) are affected in most cases of septic arthritis, with the knee being the most commonly affected joint in adults. 20% of cases are oligoarticular especially in the setting of severe sepsis, immune compromise, rheumatoid arthritis or multiple comorbid conditions.

• #6 Infectious Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/infectious-arthritis

  Infectious arthritis, also called septic arthritis, is a painful infection in the joint. […] Symptoms of septic arthritis usually come on rapidly and include intense swelling, pain, fever and chills. […] Infectious arthritis typically strikes the knee, but hips, ankles and wrists may also be affected. […] Diagnosis of infectious arthritis will include a complete medical history, physical exam and laboratory tests. […] Doctors treat infectious arthritis using a combination of antibiotic drugs and joint drainage.

• #7 Septic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538176/

  Septic arthritis is inflammation of the joints secondary to an infectious etiology such as bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, viral, or other pathogens. It is usually monoarticular, however, polyarticular septic arthritis involving many or smaller joints may also occur. […] Septic arthritis classically presents with acute onset monoarticular joint pain, fever, swelling, and a reluctance or refusal to move the affected joint. Fever may be present in 40% to 60% of cases but is a nonspecific finding. Lower extremities joints (hips, knees, and ankles) are affected in most cases of septic arthritis, with the knee being the most commonly affected joint in adults. 20% of cases are oligoarticular especially in the setting of severe sepsis, immune compromise, rheumatoid arthritis or multiple comorbid conditions.

• #8 Septic Arthritis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-clinical

  The following symptoms are consistent with SA: Acuteness of onset of the joint pain. Patients with an infected joint typically present with the triad of fever (40-60% of cases), pain (75% of cases), and impaired range of motion. These symptoms may evolve over a few days to a few weeks. Compared with patients with infections of native joints, most patients with PJI exhibit a prolonged low-grade course with gradually increasing pain. Generally, no significant fever or swelling occurs in delayed prosthetic joint infections. However, individuals with early prosthetic joint infection may present with an acute illness characterized by high-grade fever, focal swelling, and redness. Symptoms of tuberculous arthritis are quite indolent; the diagnosis may be delayed for several years. The most commonly involved joint in septic arthritis is the knee (50% of cases), followed by the hip (20%), shoulder (8%), ankle (7%), and wrists (7%). A thorough inspection of all joints for signs of erythema, swelling (90% of cases), warmth, and tenderness is essential for diagnosing infection. Signs and symptoms of infection may be muted in people who are elderly; who are immunocompromised (especially those with rheumatoid arthritis); and in those who inject drugs. The pattern of joint involvement is an extremely important diagnostic feature. The nature of the invading organism, the type of tissue infected, and the route of infection determine presentation.

• #9 Septic until proven otherwise

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2669005/

  The classically taught symptoms of septic arthritis include fever, chills, and an acutely red, exquisitely tender, warm, swollen joint. However, these markers are not specific and cannot differentiate crystalline and infectious etiologies. […] Fever has been found to be a poor indicator of septic arthritis. The literature reports only 50% of patients who present with septic joints have fevers. […] The goal of treatment is to rapidly eradicate the infection and protect the joint. It is universally accepted that antibiotics should be promptly administered once the diagnosis is strongly suspected. […] Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency. There continues to be controversy regarding medical versus surgical joint decompression. […] Mortality from septic arthritis is reported to be between 8% and 15%. […] This patient must be considered to have septic arthritis until proven otherwise. It is critical to promptly diagnose and treat the joint infection, which has a potentially devastating course.

• #10 Septic Arthritis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/septic-arthritis-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment?page=2

  Symptoms of septic arthritis usually come on rapidly with intense pain, joint swelling, and fever. Septic arthritis symptoms may include: […] Severe pain in the affected joint, especially with movement. […] Swelling (increased fluid within the joint). […] Warmth (the joint is red and warm to touch because of increased blood flow).

• #11 Septic arthritis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/septic-arthritis/

  Septic arthritis is a serious type of joint infection. It should be treated as soon as possible. You can make a full recovery with treatment but if left untreated it can be more serious. […] Symptoms of septic arthritis usually develop quickly over a few days and need to be checked straight away. […] You have severe joint pain, usually in just 1 joint, that started suddenly. You have swelling around a joint. The skin around a joint has changed colour. You feel generally unwell and have a high temperature or feel hot and shivery.

• #12 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis is a rare and serious condition that affects one or more of your joints. Symptoms include intense pain, swelling and limited range of motion in your joint. […] Symptoms of septic arthritis can include: Experiencing pain and tenderness in your affected joint. Having swelling and warmth at your affected joint. Having limited range of motion in your affected joint. Not wanting to use or move your affected joint. Having a fever. […] Although its rare, septic arthritis is a serious condition. It can cause permanent damage to your affected joint and other complications. It can also cause death if its not treated. Be sure to see your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital immediately if you experience symptoms. […] The length of time it takes for septic arthritis to fully heal depends on what caused your infection and your overall health. You may have to take antibiotics for a few weeks. It could take longer for your joint to fully heal if the infection caused damage to your joint and the surrounding soft tissues.

• #13 Septic arthritis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-and-joint-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20350755

  Septic arthritis typically causes extreme discomfort and difficulty using the affected joint. The joint could be swollen, red and warm, and you might have a fever. […] If septic arthritis occurs in an artificial joint (prosthetic joint infection), signs and symptoms such as minor pain and swelling may develop months or years after knee replacement or hip replacement surgery. Also, a loosening of the joint may occur, which causes pain while moving the joint or while putting weight on the joint. Typically, the pain goes away when at rest. In extreme cases, the joint may become dislocated. […] If treatment is delayed, septic arthritis can lead to joint degeneration and permanent damage. If septic arthritis affects an artificial joint, complications may include joint loosening or dislocation.

• #14 Septic arthritis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000430.htm

  Septic arthritis is inflammation of a joint due to a bacterial or fungal infection. […] Symptoms usually come on quickly. There is a fever and joint swelling that is usually in just one joint. There is also intense joint pain, which gets worse with movement. […] Symptoms in children and adults: Not able to move the limb with the infected joint (pseudoparalysis), Severe joint pain, Joint swelling, Joint redness, Fever. […] Recovery is good with prompt antibiotic treatment. If treatment is delayed, permanent joint damage may result.

• #15 Infectious Arthritis – Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/bone-and-joint-infections/infectious-arthritis

• #16 OrthoKids – Septic Arthritis

  https://orthokids.org/conditions/septic-arthritis-of-the-hip/

  Joint pain, swelling, redness, tenderness, and limping are common symptoms of septic arthritis. […] Typically, the child will not want to walk and will commonly be ill with fevers. […] The pain associated with septic arthritis is usually constant and does not respond well to medications like acetaminophen and ibuprofen. […] Pain associated with an injury is expected to improve over several days, whereas pain from septic arthritis will continue to build and worsen. […] Without treatment, a septic joint can cause severe damage. […] Treatment needs to occur within a certain timeframe to prevent this from happening. […] If treated quickly, most children make a full recovery. However, there can be issues with growth and arthritis that may require longer monitoring for your child.

• #17 Septic arthritis pictures, symptoms, and treatment options

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/septic-arthritis-pictures

  The joints that septic arthritis affects may be swollen, inflamed, and feel warm to the touch. A person can also experience nonvisual symptoms, including fatigue, a fast heart rate, and a lack of appetite. […] Septic arthritis symptoms typically develop quickly. In most cases, localized symptoms will only affect one joint. […] Joints affected with septic arthritis may appear swollen or inflamed and have a decreased range of motion. However, deeper joints, such as the hips, may not present with swelling. […] People may also have a generally ill appearance. If septic arthritis affects the knee, a person may develop a limp when walking. […] Septic arthritis is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent joint damage and other complications. […] Other symptoms of septic arthritis can include severe pain in the affected joint, fever, which may affect 40% to 60% of affected people, warmth around the affected joint, refusal to move the affected joint, fast heart rate, lack of appetite, irritability.

• #18 Infectious (septic) arthritis: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and risks

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323049

  Infectious arthritis, also called septic arthritis, involves a sudden, severe infection of a joint. It can cause severe pain, swelling, a fever, and tissue damage and needs prompt treatment. […] Infectious arthritis usually affects just one joint, but it can spread. As a result, it is essential to diagnose and treat it quickly to prevent severe joint damage and the spread of infection. […] Infectious arthritis occurs when bacteria, fungi, or a virus infects a joint, causing inflammation. It can occur suddenly and cause intense pain, fever, and chills. […] Septic arthritis causes severe inflammation that can break down tissue in the joint. This may lead to permanent damage to the cartilage and bone. […] Like other forms of arthritis, the primary symptoms are swelling, pain, and stiffness in the affected joint. Other septic arthritis signs and symptoms include: pain that is more severe than the pain of noninfectious inflammatory arthritis, a limited range of motion in the affected joint, redness around the affected joint, fever, fatigue, weakness, changes in appetite, increased irritability, skin rashes.

• #19 Septic Arthritis: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/septic-arthritis-7570269

  Septic arthritis is a rare and severe arthritis that affects one or more of your joints. […] Symptoms include severe pain and swelling, limited joint range of motion, fever, and chills. […] Septic arthritis causes excess fluid in and around the knee joint. „Knee joint effusion” is the medical term for this condition, and it is seen on ultrasound in 91% of people with septic arthritis. […] The symptoms of septic arthritis will occur in the infected joints. You may also experience systemic (whole-body) symptoms. […] Symptoms of septic arthritis include: Severe pain and tenderness in the affected joint, especially with movement, Visible swelling from increased fluid in the joint, Warmth (the joint is warm to the touch), Stiffness of the affected joint that makes movement difficult, Fatigue and generalized weakness, Fever and chills.

• #20 Septic Arthritis – Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.discmdgroup.com/orthopedic-hip-conditions/septic-arthritis/

  The inflammation and pain from septic arthritis restrict joint movement, leading to stiffness and difficulty with basic movements. […] Septic arthritis often triggers systemic symptoms like fever and chills as the body tries to fight off the infection. […] Systemic infection can cause fatigue, muscle weakness, and a general sense of illness. […] In young children, septic arthritis symptoms may differ slightly and can be challenging to identify. Symptoms may include irritability, reluctance to move the affected limb, refusal to eat, and general discomfort.

• #21 Septic arthritis pictures, symptoms, and treatment options

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/septic-arthritis-pictures

  The joints that septic arthritis affects may be swollen, inflamed, and feel warm to the touch. A person can also experience nonvisual symptoms, including fatigue, a fast heart rate, and a lack of appetite. […] Septic arthritis symptoms typically develop quickly. In most cases, localized symptoms will only affect one joint. […] Joints affected with septic arthritis may appear swollen or inflamed and have a decreased range of motion. However, deeper joints, such as the hips, may not present with swelling. […] People may also have a generally ill appearance. If septic arthritis affects the knee, a person may develop a limp when walking. […] Septic arthritis is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent joint damage and other complications. […] Other symptoms of septic arthritis can include severe pain in the affected joint, fever, which may affect 40% to 60% of affected people, warmth around the affected joint, refusal to move the affected joint, fast heart rate, lack of appetite, irritability.

• #22 Septic Arthritis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-clinical

  The following symptoms are consistent with SA: Acuteness of onset of the joint pain. Patients with an infected joint typically present with the triad of fever (40-60% of cases), pain (75% of cases), and impaired range of motion. These symptoms may evolve over a few days to a few weeks. Compared with patients with infections of native joints, most patients with PJI exhibit a prolonged low-grade course with gradually increasing pain. Generally, no significant fever or swelling occurs in delayed prosthetic joint infections. However, individuals with early prosthetic joint infection may present with an acute illness characterized by high-grade fever, focal swelling, and redness. Symptoms of tuberculous arthritis are quite indolent; the diagnosis may be delayed for several years. The most commonly involved joint in septic arthritis is the knee (50% of cases), followed by the hip (20%), shoulder (8%), ankle (7%), and wrists (7%). A thorough inspection of all joints for signs of erythema, swelling (90% of cases), warmth, and tenderness is essential for diagnosing infection. Signs and symptoms of infection may be muted in people who are elderly; who are immunocompromised (especially those with rheumatoid arthritis); and in those who inject drugs. The pattern of joint involvement is an extremely important diagnostic feature. The nature of the invading organism, the type of tissue infected, and the route of infection determine presentation.

• #23 Septic Arthritis (Causes, Treatment, and Management)

  https://patient.info/doctor/septic-arthritis-pro

  Septic arthritis symptoms […] The classic picture is a single swollen joint with pain on active or passive movement. […] Septic arthritis may present as polyarticular arthritis in a minority of patients. […] Fevers and rigors are present in the majority of cases but their absence does not exclude the diagnosis. Bacteraemia is a common finding and, when present, may cause prostration, vomiting or hypotension. […] Patients with septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, sternocostal or manubrosternal joints may present with chest wall pain. […] Infection of the sacroiliac joint may present as buttock, hip or anterior thigh pain. […] Apart from pre-existing joint disease, associated conditions include immunosuppressive disease, recent steroid injection, sexually transmitted disease and intravenous drug use. […] The joint is usually swollen, warm, tender and exquisitely painful on movement. An effusion may be obvious. The knee is the most common joint involved with septic arthritis (about half of cases), followed by the hip, shoulder, ankle and wrists. […] Signs may be less marked or poorly localised in the elderly, in the immunocompromised, in drug abusers and in infections of the spine, hip and shoulder joints. […] Infection of a prosthetic joint may show few signs until a drainage sinus develops. Occasionally, an abscess around the joint, or loosening of the implant, is indicated by pain.

• #24 Septic arthritis | Symptoms, causes, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/septic-arthritis/

  Septic arthritis is extremely painful and can develop quickly. Its a very serious condition which can affect people of any age. It needs to be treated in hospital as soon as possible as an emergency. […] Your problems may be caused by septic arthritis if youve had a recent injury or wound, particularly if its become infected, and you find: you get sudden severe pain in one or more of your joints; its difficult to move or put weight on the affected joint; your joint is suddenly very sore and swollen; the skin over your joints becomes red and hot; you have a high temperature or fever; you feel sick or cant eat. […] In most cases the symptoms develop within a few days. […] However, the symptoms can be slower to develop after joint replacement surgery or if you have tuberculosis. At first, the pain and fever may be mild but will gradually get worse.

• #25 Septic Arthritis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/arthritis/septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis is an infection in a joint. Symptoms include pain and tenderness over a joint, pain on moving the joint, and feeling unwell. It is an uncommon infection but serious. Urgent treatment is needed. This includes antibiotic medicines and drainage of infected fluid from the joint to prevent permanent joint damage. […] Pain from the affected joint. The pain tends to be severe and develops quite quickly. Any movement of the joint can be very painful. […] Swelling usually develops over the affected joint which is usually very tender. […] Redness of the overlying skin is typical if the joint is near to the skin surface. […] Feeling generally unwell with a high temperature (fever) is common. […] In most cases of septic arthritis the symptoms develop quickly, within a few days. However, with an infection in an artificial joint, the symptoms may not be so dramatic. Pain and fever may be mild at first before gradually becoming worse. Also, in cases caused by the tuberculosis (TB) germ (bacterium), the symptoms may develop more slowly.

• #26 Septic arthritis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Septic_arthritis/

  Septic arthritis is an infection in a joint. It is most commonly a bacterial infection. Joints affected are usually leg joints such as hips, knees and ankles. […] The infection causes the build-up of pus within the joint, which makes the joint swollen and painful. […] The symptoms of septic arthritis can vary. If your child has septic arthritis, they will usually become unwell rapidly. They may be generally unwell, and have: a painful joint the pain may be present when they move the joint themselves, or if it is moved passively during an examination; tenderness in the surrounding area; a hot, swollen, red joint; decreased movement and use of joint; a fever more than 38C. […] In newborns and young babies, the only obvious symptoms of septic arthritis may be irritability or fever. Commonly the hip is affected, and your baby may have swelling in the buttock or thigh, an inability to move the hip (especially during nappy changes) and they may hold their leg in an unusual posture.

• #27 Septic Arthritis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis typically has a fast onset with symptoms progressing to the point of severe pain and immobility of the affected joint within hours. […] Symptoms of septic arthritis vary from child to child and may differ depending on which joint is affected, the age of the child, and the type of organism causing the infection. […] Common symptoms include: Joint pain, usually severe; Joint swelling; Redness in the area of the affected joint; Warmth around the affected joint; Limping; Refusal to walk or bear weight on the affected joint; Limited use of the affected joint; Guarding or protecting the affected joint to prevent it from being touched or moved; Other symptoms of illness, such as fever, vomiting, sore throat or headache. […] If septic arthritis is treated fast enough, long-term damage to the joint is usually minimal. However, the risk of permanent damage to the joint or surrounding tissues is increased if: There is knee, hip or shoulder involvement; Your child is younger than one year old when diagnosed; Your child’s symptoms were left untreated for too long. […] Permanent damage could lead to decreased mobility, growth problems, chronic pain, or increased risk of fracture.

• #28 Infectious (Septic) Arthritis – Rheumatology – Diseases – McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine

  https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.16.14.

  General manifestations: Fever, rarely with chills or rigors; elderly patients are more frequently afebrile. […] In elderly patients symptoms may be minor. Joint aspirate cultures are positive in 70% of patients and blood cultures are positive in 24% to 76% of patients. In 30% to 50% of patients septic arthritis causes permanent joint damage. […] The prognosis is good in 95% of patients. […] This diagnosis is frequently delayed due to nonspecific symptoms and clinical course.

• #29 Septic arthritis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bone-and-joint-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20350755

  Septic arthritis typically causes extreme discomfort and difficulty using the affected joint. The joint could be swollen, red and warm, and you might have a fever. […] If septic arthritis occurs in an artificial joint (prosthetic joint infection), signs and symptoms such as minor pain and swelling may develop months or years after knee replacement or hip replacement surgery. Also, a loosening of the joint may occur, which causes pain while moving the joint or while putting weight on the joint. Typically, the pain goes away when at rest. In extreme cases, the joint may become dislocated. […] If treatment is delayed, septic arthritis can lead to joint degeneration and permanent damage. If septic arthritis affects an artificial joint, complications may include joint loosening or dislocation.

• #30 6 Risk Factors of Septic Arthritis You Must Know | Vejthani

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/septic-arthritis/

  Septic arthritis (infectious arthritis) is an infection in the joint causing pain, swelling, redness and warmth. […] Patients often experience serious joint pain and difficulty moving the affected joint. The symptoms include swelling, redness, or warmness in the joints. Having a fever in addition to these symptoms is also a sign of septic arthritis, also called septic hip when it develops in the hip joint. […] Another sign includes loosening of the joint, which can be very painful when moving or putting pressure. The pain tends to be relieved after a rest. However, the joint could be dislocated if the condition is severe. […] Consulting a doctor is vital if the patient has abrupt extreme joint pain.

• #31 Septic arthritis | Symptoms, causes, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/septic-arthritis/

  Septic arthritis is extremely painful and can develop quickly. Its a very serious condition which can affect people of any age. It needs to be treated in hospital as soon as possible as an emergency. […] Your problems may be caused by septic arthritis if youve had a recent injury or wound, particularly if its become infected, and you find: you get sudden severe pain in one or more of your joints; its difficult to move or put weight on the affected joint; your joint is suddenly very sore and swollen; the skin over your joints becomes red and hot; you have a high temperature or fever; you feel sick or cant eat. […] In most cases the symptoms develop within a few days. […] However, the symptoms can be slower to develop after joint replacement surgery or if you have tuberculosis. At first, the pain and fever may be mild but will gradually get worse.

• #32 Septic Arthritis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/arthritis/septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis is an infection in a joint. Symptoms include pain and tenderness over a joint, pain on moving the joint, and feeling unwell. It is an uncommon infection but serious. Urgent treatment is needed. This includes antibiotic medicines and drainage of infected fluid from the joint to prevent permanent joint damage. […] Pain from the affected joint. The pain tends to be severe and develops quite quickly. Any movement of the joint can be very painful. […] Swelling usually develops over the affected joint which is usually very tender. […] Redness of the overlying skin is typical if the joint is near to the skin surface. […] Feeling generally unwell with a high temperature (fever) is common. […] In most cases of septic arthritis the symptoms develop quickly, within a few days. However, with an infection in an artificial joint, the symptoms may not be so dramatic. Pain and fever may be mild at first before gradually becoming worse. Also, in cases caused by the tuberculosis (TB) germ (bacterium), the symptoms may develop more slowly.

• #33 Septic Arthritis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-clinical

  The following symptoms are consistent with SA: Acuteness of onset of the joint pain. Patients with an infected joint typically present with the triad of fever (40-60% of cases), pain (75% of cases), and impaired range of motion. These symptoms may evolve over a few days to a few weeks. Compared with patients with infections of native joints, most patients with PJI exhibit a prolonged low-grade course with gradually increasing pain. Generally, no significant fever or swelling occurs in delayed prosthetic joint infections. However, individuals with early prosthetic joint infection may present with an acute illness characterized by high-grade fever, focal swelling, and redness. Symptoms of tuberculous arthritis are quite indolent; the diagnosis may be delayed for several years. The most commonly involved joint in septic arthritis is the knee (50% of cases), followed by the hip (20%), shoulder (8%), ankle (7%), and wrists (7%). A thorough inspection of all joints for signs of erythema, swelling (90% of cases), warmth, and tenderness is essential for diagnosing infection. Signs and symptoms of infection may be muted in people who are elderly; who are immunocompromised (especially those with rheumatoid arthritis); and in those who inject drugs. The pattern of joint involvement is an extremely important diagnostic feature. The nature of the invading organism, the type of tissue infected, and the route of infection determine presentation.

• #34

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1058/septic-arthritis–adult

  Septic Arthritis is the inflammation of the joints secondary to an infectious etiology, most commonly affecting the knee, hip, and shoulder. […] Symptoms include pain in the affected joint, fevers (only present in 60% of cases), and the patient may appear toxic. […] Septic arthritis causes irreversible cartilage destruction in an involved joint; cartilage injury can occur by 8 hours. […] Delayed diagnosis can lead to profound, extensive cartilage damage within 8 hours.

• #35 Septic Arthritis – Armando Hasudungandownloadbookprintpencilchevron-leftchevron-righttwitterfacebookhand-o-rightfilterchainlist-ulenvelopelinkedinangle-rightangle-upyoutubexinginstagramlong-arrow-uppaper-planepinterest-pwhatsappcommentingaddress-book-ox-t

  https://armandoh.org/disease/septic-arthritis/?srsltid=AfmBOop8z8xULHc_RrzhpJVw8AiDdA5LwqlV9A-4OQI_kjgeRsFUUQQt

  Septic arthritis refers to infection in a joint; it is usually caused by bacteria but can be caused by fungi or mycobacteria. Septic arthritis due to bacterial infection is often a destructive form of acute arthritis. […] Severe pain, swelling, warmth, restricted movement, fever, and chills are common symptoms. […] Septic arthritis can result in irreversible joint damage within 48 hours of the onset of infection due to the proteolytic enzymes of the white blood cells that flood the infected synovial space. […] Delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to irreversible joint destruction and subsequent disability (<48hours). There is also an estimated case fatality rate of 11%.

• #36 All About Septic Arthritis: Causes, Warning Signs, Progression, and Treatment | Infectious Disease & HIV/AIDS Care Specialist located in Richardson, TX | Texas Infectious Disease Institute

  https://www.tidinstitute.com/post/all-about-septic-arthritis-causes-warning-signs-progression-and-treatment

  Septic arthritis is an extremely serious infection of a joint that can cause permanent damage to the affected joint if left untreated. […] Septic arthritis is a severe infection of a joint that usually comes on quite suddenly and needs to be dealt with as promptly as possible in order to prevent serious tissue damage and widespread infection. […] When you have septic arthritis, you’re going to have very similar symptoms to other forms of arthritis, such as swelling, pain, and stiffness in the infected joint. However, you may also experience some of these other symptoms: Limited range of motion, Fatigue, Weakness, Fever, Redness around the joint, Skin rashes, Increased irritability. […] Septic arthritis most often affects the knee joint, but it can also occur in your shoulder, wrist, hip, and elbow. But no matter where you have the infection, these symptoms will come on within a few hours of the infection settling in. […] If you don’t get immediate treatment for your septic arthritis, you risk having serious, permanent damage done to your joint tissues and bones. This can impact your daily life significantly as you can lose use of the affected joint.

• #37 Septic Arthritis in Dogs | PetMD

  https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/musculoskeletal/c_dg_arthritis_septic

  Septic arthritis is an infection that occurs in a joint. Septic arthritis occurs trauma, surgery, or a systemic infection in blood that travels to the joints. Dogs with septic arthritis may quickly experience pain. As bacteria replicates in the joint, it leads to an inflammation that breaks down the joint. Early and often aggressive treatment is required to save the joints from chronic long-term damage. […] Clinical signs of septic arthritis are both systemic from the infection in the bloodstream and local, from pain in the joint itself. The most common symptoms in dogs: Lameness or pain in one or more joints, Heat or swelling in the joint, Decreased or absent appetite, Lethargy, Fever. […] Septic arthritis is a medical emergency and should be immediately addressed. Early intervention is important to minimize joint damage.

• #38 Septic Arthritis – Armando Hasudungandownloadbookprintpencilchevron-leftchevron-righttwitterfacebookhand-o-rightfilterchainlist-ulenvelopelinkedinangle-rightangle-upyoutubexinginstagramlong-arrow-uppaper-planepinterest-pwhatsappcommentingaddress-book-ox-t

  https://armandoh.org/disease/septic-arthritis/?srsltid=AfmBOop8z8xULHc_RrzhpJVw8AiDdA5LwqlV9A-4OQI_kjgeRsFUUQQt

  Septic arthritis refers to infection in a joint; it is usually caused by bacteria but can be caused by fungi or mycobacteria. Septic arthritis due to bacterial infection is often a destructive form of acute arthritis. […] Severe pain, swelling, warmth, restricted movement, fever, and chills are common symptoms. […] Septic arthritis can result in irreversible joint damage within 48 hours of the onset of infection due to the proteolytic enzymes of the white blood cells that flood the infected synovial space. […] Delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to irreversible joint destruction and subsequent disability (<48hours). There is also an estimated case fatality rate of 11%.

• #39

  https://www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1058/septic-arthritis–adult

  Septic Arthritis is the inflammation of the joints secondary to an infectious etiology, most commonly affecting the knee, hip, and shoulder. […] Symptoms include pain in the affected joint, fevers (only present in 60% of cases), and the patient may appear toxic. […] Septic arthritis causes irreversible cartilage destruction in an involved joint; cartilage injury can occur by 8 hours. […] Delayed diagnosis can lead to profound, extensive cartilage damage within 8 hours.

• #40 Approach to Septic Arthritis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0915/p653.html

  Once in the joint, microorganisms are deposited in the synovial membrane, causing an acute inflammatory response. Inflammatory mediators and pressure from large effusions lead to the destruction of joint cartilage and bone loss. […] A history, physical examination, and joint fluid analysis are warranted to ensure timely joint-preserving interventions. […] Constitutional symptoms such as fever, chills, or rigors may be present in patients with septic arthritis, although their sensitivities are 57, 27, and 19 percent, respectively. […] Although septic arthritis is usually monoarticular, up to 20 percent of cases are oligoarticular. […] In native joints, the knee is the most commonly affected, followed by the hip, shoulder, ankle, elbow, and wrist. […] The physical examination should determine if the site of inflammation is intraarticular or periarticular, such as a bursa or skin.

• #41 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Septic arthritis must be considered and promptly diagnosed in any patient presenting with acute atraumatic joint pain, swelling, and fever. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent morbidity and mortality. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis can lead to permanent morbidity and mortality. Subcartilaginous bone loss, cartilage destruction, and permanent joint dysfunction can occur if appropriate antibiotic therapy is not initiated within 24 to 48 hours of onset. […] The reported incidence of septic arthritis is four to 29 cases per 100,000 person-years, and risk increases with age, use of immunosuppressive medications, and lower socioeconomic status. […] More than 50% of patients with septic arthritis have a history of joint swelling, joint pain, and fever.

• #42 Septic arthritis | Symptoms, causes, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/septic-arthritis/

  If you think you may have septic arthritis its important you see your GP or go to your nearest Accident and Emergency department (AE) as soon as possible to stop the infection spreading and causing more damage. […] If your symptoms suggest you have septic arthritis, your GP will refer you immediately to your local Accident and Emergency department (AE) for tests. […] If there is a delay, the infection can quickly damage parts of the joint. This may lead to pain that lasts for a long time and loss of mobility. […] In some cases, if left untreated, septic arthritis can lead to blood poisoning, known as septicaemia. […] Generally, if you have septic arthritis youll be kept in hospital, possibly for two weeks or more. During this time youll be given antibiotics directly into the vein (intravenously) to fight the infection.

• #43 Septic Arthritis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/arthritis/septic-arthritis

  If the septic arthritis is treated promptly, there is a good chance of complete cure with no long-term problems. […] If there is delay in treatment, the infection can quickly destroy parts of the joint causing permanent damage. This may lead to long-term pain, reduced movement of the joint and some disability. In some cases the infection becomes severe and leads to blood poisoning (septicaemia). This is a serious complication which can be fatal but is now rare in the UK since antibiotic medicines became available.

• #44 Septic arthritis: how it differs from sepsis, what to look out for, and diagnosis and treatment decisions

  https://www.penningtonslaw.com/news-publications/latest-news/2021/septic-arthritis-how-it-differs-from-sepsis-what-to-look-out-for-and-diagnosis-and-treatment-decisions

  Septic arthritis is a commonly used term, but a misnomer as the condition has nothing to do with arthritis at its onset. Instead, it refers to the presence of a deep joint cavity infection. Without treatment this can lead to systemic sepsis (which can be fatal), but it can also cause local problems of articular cartilage damage, premature osteoarthritis, spread to adjacent bones (osteomyelitis), and spread to adjacent soft tissues. […] The classical presentation for septic arthritis is recent onset of fever and malaise, often accompanied by local findings of pain, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion in the involved joint. The pain can be severe enough to affect standing or walking. […] Up to a third of all cases of septic arthritis are missed in diagnosis. […] Delay in the diagnosis of septic arthritis will increase the chance of a poor outcome. Once the delay becomes longer than 1-2 days, the risk of prolonged consequences is significant. Up to 30% of patients diagnosed with septic arthritis will have long-term complications, and around 75% of those complications will occur where therapy is delayed more than 1-2 days.

• #45 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis cannot go away on its own since its an infection. Bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotics. If youre experiencing signs and symptoms of septic arthritis, contact your healthcare provider right away or go to the nearest hospital. Septic arthritis can lead to serious complications and can be life-threatening if its not treated. […] The prognosis (outlook) for septic arthritis depends on a few factors, including: The type of bacteria or organism that caused your infection. How long your infection lasts. Your age and overall health. […] Despite the use of antibiotics for treatment, theres a 7% to 15% mortality (death) rate for septic arthritis. If youre experiencing signs or symptoms of septic arthritis, be sure the contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

• #46 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  Septic arthritis is increasingly common among persons older than 65 years, among immunosuppressed individuals, and among those with various comorbidities such as diabetes. Fifty-six percent of patients with septic arthritis are male. […] The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #47 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Oligoarticular septic arthritis is more likely to present with symptoms of systemic infection and more commonly affects the shoulder, wrist, and elbow. […] A large cohort study showed that the 90-day mortality rate for septic arthritis is 7% and increases to 22% to 69% in patients 80 years and older. […] Oligoarticular septic arthritis is associated with higher mortality compared with monoarticular septic arthritis. […] Poor functional outcomes such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration occur in about 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis and are more likely with older age, preexisting joint disease, and synthetic intraarticular material.

• #48 Septic Joint

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Rheum/ID/SptcJnt.htm

  Joint cultures are recommended before Antibiotics in most cases even if 24-48 hour Antibiotic start delay […] Antibiotics may be considered prior to Arthrocentesis in adults ONLY if […] Urgent orthopedic Consultation is indicated in all cases of suspected Septic Arthritis […] Serial Joint Aspiration […] Open Surgical drainage indications […] Mortality at 90 days is 7% […] Mortality may be as high as 20% in elderly […] Risk Factors for Poor functional outcome (e.g. amputation, arthrodesis, osteonecrosis, prosthetic surgery, occurs in 24-33% of cases) […] Delayed management 24 hours […] Large joint involvement (e.g. knee, hip, Shoulder) […] Older age […] Preexisting joint disease […] Synthetic intraarticular material.

• #49 Septic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538176/

  Despite antibiotic use, there is a 7% to 15% mortality rate for in-hospital septic arthritis. Morbidity from septic arthritis occurs in one-third of patients. Both morbidity and mortality increase with patient age, comorbid conditions including pre-existing joint disease, and prior synthetic intra-articular material. This underscores the need for a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for septic arthritis especially in patients with known predisposing risk factors and comorbid conditions. Infection with Neisseria is rarely associated with death, whereas infection caused by staphylococcus can carry a mortality rate in excess of 50%.

• #50 Septic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538176/

  Despite antibiotic use, there is a 7% to 15% mortality rate for in-hospital septic arthritis. Morbidity from septic arthritis occurs in one-third of patients. Both morbidity and mortality increase with patient age, comorbid conditions including pre-existing joint disease, and prior synthetic intra-articular material. This underscores the need for a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for septic arthritis especially in patients with known predisposing risk factors and comorbid conditions. Infection with Neisseria is rarely associated with death, whereas infection caused by staphylococcus can carry a mortality rate in excess of 50%.

• #51 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis cannot go away on its own since its an infection. Bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotics. If youre experiencing signs and symptoms of septic arthritis, contact your healthcare provider right away or go to the nearest hospital. Septic arthritis can lead to serious complications and can be life-threatening if its not treated. […] The prognosis (outlook) for septic arthritis depends on a few factors, including: The type of bacteria or organism that caused your infection. How long your infection lasts. Your age and overall health. […] Despite the use of antibiotics for treatment, theres a 7% to 15% mortality (death) rate for septic arthritis. If youre experiencing signs or symptoms of septic arthritis, be sure the contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

• #52 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis cannot go away on its own since its an infection. Bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotics. If youre experiencing signs and symptoms of septic arthritis, contact your healthcare provider right away or go to the nearest hospital. Septic arthritis can lead to serious complications and can be life-threatening if its not treated. […] The prognosis (outlook) for septic arthritis depends on a few factors, including: The type of bacteria or organism that caused your infection. How long your infection lasts. Your age and overall health. […] Despite the use of antibiotics for treatment, theres a 7% to 15% mortality (death) rate for septic arthritis. If youre experiencing signs or symptoms of septic arthritis, be sure the contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

• #53 Septic arthritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_arthritis

  Risk of permanent impairment of the joint varies greatly. This usually depends on how quickly treatment is started after symptoms occur as longer lasting infections cause more destruction to the joint. The involved organism, age, preexisting arthritis, and other comorbidities can also increase this risk. […] With treatment, about 15% of people die, while without treatment 66% die.

• #54 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Oligoarticular septic arthritis is more likely to present with symptoms of systemic infection and more commonly affects the shoulder, wrist, and elbow. […] A large cohort study showed that the 90-day mortality rate for septic arthritis is 7% and increases to 22% to 69% in patients 80 years and older. […] Oligoarticular septic arthritis is associated with higher mortality compared with monoarticular septic arthritis. […] Poor functional outcomes such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration occur in about 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis and are more likely with older age, preexisting joint disease, and synthetic intraarticular material.

• #55 Septic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538176/

  Despite antibiotic use, there is a 7% to 15% mortality rate for in-hospital septic arthritis. Morbidity from septic arthritis occurs in one-third of patients. Both morbidity and mortality increase with patient age, comorbid conditions including pre-existing joint disease, and prior synthetic intra-articular material. This underscores the need for a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for septic arthritis especially in patients with known predisposing risk factors and comorbid conditions. Infection with Neisseria is rarely associated with death, whereas infection caused by staphylococcus can carry a mortality rate in excess of 50%.

• #56 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  Septic arthritis is increasingly common among persons older than 65 years, among immunosuppressed individuals, and among those with various comorbidities such as diabetes. Fifty-six percent of patients with septic arthritis are male. […] The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #57 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  Septic arthritis cannot go away on its own since its an infection. Bacterial infections need to be treated with antibiotics. If youre experiencing signs and symptoms of septic arthritis, contact your healthcare provider right away or go to the nearest hospital. Septic arthritis can lead to serious complications and can be life-threatening if its not treated. […] The prognosis (outlook) for septic arthritis depends on a few factors, including: The type of bacteria or organism that caused your infection. How long your infection lasts. Your age and overall health. […] Despite the use of antibiotics for treatment, theres a 7% to 15% mortality (death) rate for septic arthritis. If youre experiencing signs or symptoms of septic arthritis, be sure the contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.

• #58 Understanding Septic Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.artemishospitals.com/blog/understanding-septic-arthritis-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Septic arthritis is a serious condition that can lead to permanent joint damage, loss of function, and sepsis, which can be life-threatening. Timely treatment with antibiotics and possibly surgical intervention is essential to avoid severe complications. […] The prognosis for septic arthritis depends on several factors, including how quickly the infection is diagnosed, the type of bacteria causing the infection, and the overall health of the individual. With prompt treatment, most individuals recover fully, although some may experience long-term joint damage, especially if the infection was not addressed early enough. […] Yes, septic arthritis can be fatal if not treated promptly. If the infection spreads into the bloodstream (sepsis), it can cause organ failure and death. Timely diagnosis and treatment are critical in preventing such outcomes. […] No, septic arthritis does not go away on its own. It requires immediate medical intervention, including antibiotics, and possibly surgical drainage to remove infected material from the joint. Left untreated, septic arthritis can lead to joint destruction and systemic infection.

• #59 Approach to Septic Arthritis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0915/p653.html

  Patients with confirmed septic arthritis have been found to have normal erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels. […] The duration of therapy in patients with nongonococcal septic arthritis is typically three to four weeks. […] Current mortality rates of bacterial arthritis range from 10 to 20 percent, depending on the presence of comorbid conditions, such as older age, coexisting renal or cardiac disease, and concurrent immunosuppression. […] Factors associated with death include age 65 years or older, and infection in the shoulder, elbow, or at multiple sites. […] Morbidity (e.g., amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, severe functional deterioration) occurs in one-third of patients with bacterial arthritis, usually affecting older patients, those with preexisting joint disease, and those with synthetic intraarticular material.

• #60 Septic Joint

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/Rheum/ID/SptcJnt.htm

  Joint cultures are recommended before Antibiotics in most cases even if 24-48 hour Antibiotic start delay […] Antibiotics may be considered prior to Arthrocentesis in adults ONLY if […] Urgent orthopedic Consultation is indicated in all cases of suspected Septic Arthritis […] Serial Joint Aspiration […] Open Surgical drainage indications […] Mortality at 90 days is 7% […] Mortality may be as high as 20% in elderly […] Risk Factors for Poor functional outcome (e.g. amputation, arthrodesis, osteonecrosis, prosthetic surgery, occurs in 24-33% of cases) […] Delayed management 24 hours […] Large joint involvement (e.g. knee, hip, Shoulder) […] Older age […] Preexisting joint disease […] Synthetic intraarticular material.

• #61 Septic Arthritis: Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology, Prognosis

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236299-overview

  Septic arthritis is increasingly common among persons older than 65 years, among immunosuppressed individuals, and among those with various comorbidities such as diabetes. Fifty-six percent of patients with septic arthritis are male. […] The chief morbidity of septic arthritis is significant dysfunction of the joint, even if treated properly. Fifty percent of adults with septic arthritis have significant sequelae of decreased range of motion or chronic pain after infection. […] Predictors of poor outcome in suppurative arthritis include the following: Age older than 60 years, Infection of the hip or shoulder joints, Underlying rheumatoid arthritis, Positive findings on synovial fluid cultures after 7 days of appropriate therapy, Delay of 7 days or longer in instituting therapy. […] The mortality rate primarily depends on the causative organism. N gonorrhoeae septic arthritis carries an extremely low mortality rate, whereas that of S aureus can approach 50%. S aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis in all age groups. Among those aged 15 to 50 years, N gonorrhea runs a close second, especially among those who are sexually active.

• #62 Septic arthritis: how it differs from sepsis, what to look out for, and diagnosis and treatment decisions

  https://www.penningtonslaw.com/news-publications/latest-news/2021/septic-arthritis-how-it-differs-from-sepsis-what-to-look-out-for-and-diagnosis-and-treatment-decisions

  Septic arthritis is a commonly used term, but a misnomer as the condition has nothing to do with arthritis at its onset. Instead, it refers to the presence of a deep joint cavity infection. Without treatment this can lead to systemic sepsis (which can be fatal), but it can also cause local problems of articular cartilage damage, premature osteoarthritis, spread to adjacent bones (osteomyelitis), and spread to adjacent soft tissues. […] The classical presentation for septic arthritis is recent onset of fever and malaise, often accompanied by local findings of pain, warmth, swelling, and decreased range of motion in the involved joint. The pain can be severe enough to affect standing or walking. […] Up to a third of all cases of septic arthritis are missed in diagnosis. […] Delay in the diagnosis of septic arthritis will increase the chance of a poor outcome. Once the delay becomes longer than 1-2 days, the risk of prolonged consequences is significant. Up to 30% of patients diagnosed with septic arthritis will have long-term complications, and around 75% of those complications will occur where therapy is delayed more than 1-2 days.

• #63 Acute Infectious Arthritis – Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/infections-of-joints-and-bones/acute-infectious-arthritis

  In adults, most acute joint infections result from bacteria and are classified as gonococcal or nongonococcal. This distinction is important because gonococcal infections are far less destructive to the joint. In adults overall, Staphylococcus aureus tends to be the most frequent cause of infectious arthritis. Methicillin resistance is common among community isolates of S. aureus. S. aureus is associated with the largest risk of long-term complications. […] Acute nongonococcal bacterial arthritis can destroy articular cartilage, permanently damaging the joint within hours or days. Gonococcal arthritis does not usually damage joints permanently. Factors that increase susceptibility to infectious arthritis may also increase disease severity. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, functional outcome is particularly poor, and the mortality rate is increased.

• #64 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Septic arthritis must be considered and promptly diagnosed in any patient presenting with acute atraumatic joint pain, swelling, and fever. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent morbidity and mortality. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis can lead to permanent morbidity and mortality. Subcartilaginous bone loss, cartilage destruction, and permanent joint dysfunction can occur if appropriate antibiotic therapy is not initiated within 24 to 48 hours of onset. […] The reported incidence of septic arthritis is four to 29 cases per 100,000 person-years, and risk increases with age, use of immunosuppressive medications, and lower socioeconomic status. […] More than 50% of patients with septic arthritis have a history of joint swelling, joint pain, and fever.

• #65 Septic Arthritis: What Is It, Symptoms, Treatment & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22418-septic-arthritis

  If youre experiencing symptoms of septic arthritis, such as pain, fever, extreme warmth, redness or tenderness in your joint and having limited mobility in your joint, contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital immediately. Septic arthritis is a serious condition that needs to be treated with antibiotics. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening.

• #66 Septic arthritis | Symptoms, causes, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/septic-arthritis/

  If you think you may have septic arthritis its important you see your GP or go to your nearest Accident and Emergency department (AE) as soon as possible to stop the infection spreading and causing more damage. […] If your symptoms suggest you have septic arthritis, your GP will refer you immediately to your local Accident and Emergency department (AE) for tests. […] If there is a delay, the infection can quickly damage parts of the joint. This may lead to pain that lasts for a long time and loss of mobility. […] In some cases, if left untreated, septic arthritis can lead to blood poisoning, known as septicaemia. […] Generally, if you have septic arthritis youll be kept in hospital, possibly for two weeks or more. During this time youll be given antibiotics directly into the vein (intravenously) to fight the infection.

• #67 Infectious (septic) arthritis: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and risks

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323049

  Symptoms can appear and become severe very soon after the infection develops, sometimes within a few hours. People may also experience other symptoms, depending on the cause of the infection. […] If a person does not receive early, robust treatment, infectious arthritis may cause permanent damage to the tissues and bones in the joint. […] Infectious arthritis is a severe condition that can cause permanent bone and tissue damage. Bacterial infections are the most common cause, although viral and fungal infections can also be responsible. […] A person with infectious arthritis may experience sudden swelling, severe pain, dizziness, and fatigue. […] Early and aggressive treatment, including IV antibiotics, can significantly improve a person’s septic arthritis outlook. If treatment begins in time, a person may make a full recovery without any lasting damage.

• #68 Septic arthritis | Symptoms, causes, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/septic-arthritis/

  Once the infection has been treated and your pain and inflammation have started to settle its important to begin moving your affected joint to prevent it becoming stiff. […] In most cases, early hospital treatment and antibiotics will successfully treat septic arthritis, leaving little or no lasting effects of the condition. […] However, even after treatment, some people may still struggle to get full use out of the affected joint.

• #69 Septic arthritis | Symptoms, causes, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/septic-arthritis/

  Once the infection has been treated and your pain and inflammation have started to settle its important to begin moving your affected joint to prevent it becoming stiff. […] In most cases, early hospital treatment and antibiotics will successfully treat septic arthritis, leaving little or no lasting effects of the condition. […] However, even after treatment, some people may still struggle to get full use out of the affected joint.

• #70 Septic Arthritis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/arthritis/septic-arthritis

  If the septic arthritis is treated promptly, there is a good chance of complete cure with no long-term problems. […] If there is delay in treatment, the infection can quickly destroy parts of the joint causing permanent damage. This may lead to long-term pain, reduced movement of the joint and some disability. In some cases the infection becomes severe and leads to blood poisoning (septicaemia). This is a serious complication which can be fatal but is now rare in the UK since antibiotic medicines became available.

• #71 Infectious (Septic) Arthritis: Risk Factors, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/septic-arthritis

  The symptoms of infectious arthritis can vary depending on your age and the medications you’re taking. The symptoms may include: severe pain that worsens with movement, swelling of the joint, warmth and redness around the joint, a fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, decreased appetite, a rapid heart rate, irritability. […] Infectious arthritis is a very treatable condition if it’s treated early and aggressively. You’ll most likely see an improvement in your symptoms within 48 hours of starting treatment. Untreated infectious arthritis can cause permanent joint damage.

• #72 Septic Arthritis Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Medications, Prevention

  https://www.medicinenet.com/septic_arthritis/article.htm

  Septic arthritis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common causes of septic arthritis are bacterial, including Staphylococcus aureus (staph) and Haemophilus influenzae. Clinical symptoms of septic arthritis include fever, chills, as well as joint pain, swelling, redness, stiffness, and warmth. Joint pain most commonly affects large joints, such as the knees, ankles, hips, and elbows. The outlook for septic arthritis depends on the precise microbe causing the infection, the duration of the infection, and the underlying overall health of the individual infected. Rapid clearing of the infection is critical to preserve the joint. If appropriate antibiotics are begun immediately, joint integrity can be maintained, and return to function is expected. The keys to successful outcome are rapid medical attention and drainage and the accurate administration of antibiotics to which the offending microbes are susceptible. […] The longer the infection is present, the more opportunity for damage to affect the joint. People whose immune systems are not functioning optimally are also at risk for more joint damage.

• #73 Septic Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/1200/p589.html

  Septic arthritis must be considered and promptly diagnosed in any patient presenting with acute atraumatic joint pain, swelling, and fever. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment can result in permanent morbidity and mortality. […] A delay in diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis can lead to permanent morbidity and mortality. Subcartilaginous bone loss, cartilage destruction, and permanent joint dysfunction can occur if appropriate antibiotic therapy is not initiated within 24 to 48 hours of onset. […] The reported incidence of septic arthritis is four to 29 cases per 100,000 person-years, and risk increases with age, use of immunosuppressive medications, and lower socioeconomic status. […] More than 50% of patients with septic arthritis have a history of joint swelling, joint pain, and fever.

• #74 Septic Arthritis – Armando Hasudungandownloadbookprintpencilchevron-leftchevron-righttwitterfacebookhand-o-rightfilterchainlist-ulenvelopelinkedinangle-rightangle-upyoutubexinginstagramlong-arrow-uppaper-planepinterest-pwhatsappcommentingaddress-book-ox-t

  https://armandoh.org/disease/septic-arthritis/?srsltid=AfmBOop8z8xULHc_RrzhpJVw8AiDdA5LwqlV9A-4OQI_kjgeRsFUUQQt

  Septic arthritis refers to infection in a joint; it is usually caused by bacteria but can be caused by fungi or mycobacteria. Septic arthritis due to bacterial infection is often a destructive form of acute arthritis. […] Severe pain, swelling, warmth, restricted movement, fever, and chills are common symptoms. […] Septic arthritis can result in irreversible joint damage within 48 hours of the onset of infection due to the proteolytic enzymes of the white blood cells that flood the infected synovial space. […] Delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to irreversible joint destruction and subsequent disability (<48hours). There is also an estimated case fatality rate of 11%.

• #75 Septic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538176/

  Despite antibiotic use, there is a 7% to 15% mortality rate for in-hospital septic arthritis. Morbidity from septic arthritis occurs in one-third of patients. Both morbidity and mortality increase with patient age, comorbid conditions including pre-existing joint disease, and prior synthetic intra-articular material. This underscores the need for a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for septic arthritis especially in patients with known predisposing risk factors and comorbid conditions. Infection with Neisseria is rarely associated with death, whereas infection caused by staphylococcus can carry a mortality rate in excess of 50%.

• #76 Approach to Septic Arthritis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0915/p653.html

  Patients with confirmed septic arthritis have been found to have normal erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels. […] The duration of therapy in patients with nongonococcal septic arthritis is typically three to four weeks. […] Current mortality rates of bacterial arthritis range from 10 to 20 percent, depending on the presence of comorbid conditions, such as older age, coexisting renal or cardiac disease, and concurrent immunosuppression. […] Factors associated with death include age 65 years or older, and infection in the shoulder, elbow, or at multiple sites. […] Morbidity (e.g., amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, severe functional deterioration) occurs in one-third of patients with bacterial arthritis, usually affecting older patients, those with preexisting joint disease, and those with synthetic intraarticular material.

• #77 Infectious (septic) arthritis: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and risks

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323049

  Symptoms can appear and become severe very soon after the infection develops, sometimes within a few hours. People may also experience other symptoms, depending on the cause of the infection. […] If a person does not receive early, robust treatment, infectious arthritis may cause permanent damage to the tissues and bones in the joint. […] Infectious arthritis is a severe condition that can cause permanent bone and tissue damage. Bacterial infections are the most common cause, although viral and fungal infections can also be responsible. […] A person with infectious arthritis may experience sudden swelling, severe pain, dizziness, and fatigue. […] Early and aggressive treatment, including IV antibiotics, can significantly improve a person’s septic arthritis outlook. If treatment begins in time, a person may make a full recovery without any lasting damage.

• #78 Septic Arthritis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment)

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/arthritis/septic-arthritis

  If the septic arthritis is treated promptly, there is a good chance of complete cure with no long-term problems. […] If there is delay in treatment, the infection can quickly destroy parts of the joint causing permanent damage. This may lead to long-term pain, reduced movement of the joint and some disability. In some cases the infection becomes severe and leads to blood poisoning (septicaemia). This is a serious complication which can be fatal but is now rare in the UK since antibiotic medicines became available.

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