Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis is a viral infection that targets the small airways of a childs lungs. It causes wheezing, coughing and a slight fever. Its most common during colder months. Contact your childs healthcare provider or emergency services if your child has trouble breathing. […] In bronchiolitis, the airways (bronchioles) in your lungs become narrow, making breathing difficult. […] If your child develops this infection, you may notice they have symptoms similar to a common cold (runny nose, cough) in addition to noisy breathing (wheezing). […] The infection is seasonal. Its more likely to occur during the winter and early spring. […] If your child develops this infection, monitor their breathing and contact a healthcare provider if they have trouble breathing. […] Early signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis resemble those of the common cold, including: A runny nose. A slight fever (under 101 degrees Fahrenheit or 38 degrees Celsius). A cough. Fatigue. Fussiness or irritability (infants).

• #2 Bronchiolitis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html

  Bronchiolitis is an infection of the respiratory tract. It happens when tiny airways called bronchioles get infected with a virus. They swell and fill with mucus, which can make breathing hard. […] The first symptoms of bronchiolitis are usually the same as those of a cold: stuffy nose and congestion, runny nose, cough, fever. […] Usually, symptoms get better on their own. But sometimes the cough might get worse and a child may start wheezing or have trouble breathing. […] Bronchiolitis often is a mild illness. But sometimes it can cause severe symptoms. When it does, kids need treatment in a hospital to get fluids and, sometimes, help with breathing. […] Get medical care right away if your child has trouble breathing. This may look like: fast, shallow breathing, when you see the belly moving up and down quickly; your child is working hard to get breaths in. You may see the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and/or in the neck sinking in with breathing. […] Bronchiolitis usually lasts about 12 weeks. Sometimes it can take several weeks for symptoms to go away.

• #3 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection in young children, caused by a viral infection of the lungs. The infection causes inflammation and mucus to build up in the airways, making it more difficult to breathe. […] Bronchiolitis is most common in babies under six months, but sometimes occurs in babies up to 12 months old. […] The illness begins as a cold, and the first symptoms your baby may have include a mild cough, and a runny or blocked nose. After one or two days, your baby’s cough may get worse, and they will begin to have some breathing problems. Their symptoms may include: fast breathing, noisy breathing that sounds wheezy, breathing that is hard work you may see the ribs or skin under the neck sucking in or nostrils flaring when they are breathing; younger babies may bob their heads when breathing, irritability and fever, difficulties eating or drinking.

• #4 Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441959/

  Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young individuals. The viral infection involves the lower respiratory tract and can present with signs of mild to moderate respiratory distress. Bronchiolitis is a mild, self-limited infection in the majority of children but may sometimes progress to respiratory failure in infants. […] The most common cause is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis is managed supportively with hydration and oxygen. No specific medications treat the infection. […] Once RSV is acquired, the symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection appear and include a cough, fever, and rhinorrhea. Within 48 to 72 hours, the acute infection involving the lower airways will become evident. During the acute stage, the infant may develop small airway obstruction that leads to symptoms of respiratory distress. The physical exam will reveal crackles, wheezing, and rhonchi. The severity of respiratory distress may vary from infant to infant. Some infants may have mild disease with only tachypnea, but others may show severe retractions, grunting, and cyanosis. The course of the illness may last 7 to 10 days, and the infant may become irritable and not feed. However, most infants improve within 14 to 21 days, as long as they are well hydrated.

• #5 Pediatric Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519506/

  Pediatric bronchiolitis is an acute lower respiratory tract infection primarily caused by viral pathogens. This condition is one of the most common illnesses in infants and children aged 2 or younger and is thus one of the leading causes of hospitalization in this age group, particularly during the winter months. The illness typically begins with a few days of upper respiratory symptoms, such as nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, which progress to lower respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, cough, and feeding difficulties, especially in young infants who rely on nasal breathing. […] In severe cases, bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and dehydration, often requiring urgent care or hospitalization for supportive treatment. […] The severity of bronchiolitis varies significantly, from mild wheezing with an increased respiratory rate (commonly referred to as the „happy wheezer”) to severe respiratory distress that may progress to respiratory failure, necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. Early recognition and timely management are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes in severe cases.

• #6 Bronchiolitis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/28

  Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospital admission in infants under 1 year of age. […] Most cases are mild and self-limiting, and supportive care is the only indicated therapy. […] Cough may persist for weeks, after 10 to 14 days of acute illness. Some patients may go on to develop recurrent wheeze. […] The clinical manifestations include cough, wheeze, and laboured breathing.

• #7 Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441959/

  Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young individuals. The viral infection involves the lower respiratory tract and can present with signs of mild to moderate respiratory distress. Bronchiolitis is a mild, self-limited infection in the majority of children but may sometimes progress to respiratory failure in infants. […] The most common cause is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis is managed supportively with hydration and oxygen. No specific medications treat the infection. […] Once RSV is acquired, the symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection appear and include a cough, fever, and rhinorrhea. Within 48 to 72 hours, the acute infection involving the lower airways will become evident. During the acute stage, the infant may develop small airway obstruction that leads to symptoms of respiratory distress. The physical exam will reveal crackles, wheezing, and rhonchi. The severity of respiratory distress may vary from infant to infant. Some infants may have mild disease with only tachypnea, but others may show severe retractions, grunting, and cyanosis. The course of the illness may last 7 to 10 days, and the infant may become irritable and not feed. However, most infants improve within 14 to 21 days, as long as they are well hydrated.

• #8 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis involves infection and inflammation in the bronchioles, the small airways of the lungs. It occurs most commonly in the winter months. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause. Other causes include rhinovirus and adenovirus. Bronchiolitis is generally considered to occur in infants under 1 year. It is most common in infants under 6 months. It can be diagnosed in children up to 2 years of age, particularly in ex-premature babies with chronic lung disease. Infants with bronchiolitis are more likely to develop viral-induced wheeze or asthma during childhood. […] Inflammation, oedema, and increased mucus production in the bronchioles cause the airway to narrow, obstructing the flow of air. Infants’ airways are very small, so even minimal narrowing can cause significant symptoms. Airflow obstruction causes increased work of breathing and reduced oxygen saturation.

• #9 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis is a viral infection that targets the small airways of a childs lungs. It causes wheezing, coughing and a slight fever. Its most common during colder months. Contact your childs healthcare provider or emergency services if your child has trouble breathing. […] In bronchiolitis, the airways (bronchioles) in your lungs become narrow, making breathing difficult. […] If your child develops this infection, you may notice they have symptoms similar to a common cold (runny nose, cough) in addition to noisy breathing (wheezing). […] The infection is seasonal. Its more likely to occur during the winter and early spring. […] If your child develops this infection, monitor their breathing and contact a healthcare provider if they have trouble breathing. […] Early signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis resemble those of the common cold, including: A runny nose. A slight fever (under 101 degrees Fahrenheit or 38 degrees Celsius). A cough. Fatigue. Fussiness or irritability (infants).

• #10 Bronchiolitis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiolitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  When symptoms of bronchiolitis first occur, they are usually similar to that of a common cold. Runny nose, fever, stuffy nose, loss of appetite and cough are the first signs of the infection. Symptoms may worsen after a few days and may include wheezing, shortness of breath, and worsening of the cough. […] Young children who get very sick may have trouble breathing and trouble swallowing. You should consult your doctor if your child shows signs of trouble breathing, dehydration such as dry mouth, crying without tears, or producing less urine than normal. If your child experiences severe symptoms like blue lips or skin, pauses in breathing or respiratory failure, call 911 immediately.

• #11 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis is a viral infection that targets the small airways of a childs lungs. It causes wheezing, coughing and a slight fever. Its most common during colder months. Contact your childs healthcare provider or emergency services if your child has trouble breathing. […] In bronchiolitis, the airways (bronchioles) in your lungs become narrow, making breathing difficult. […] If your child develops this infection, you may notice they have symptoms similar to a common cold (runny nose, cough) in addition to noisy breathing (wheezing). […] The infection is seasonal. Its more likely to occur during the winter and early spring. […] If your child develops this infection, monitor their breathing and contact a healthcare provider if they have trouble breathing. […] Early signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis resemble those of the common cold, including: A runny nose. A slight fever (under 101 degrees Fahrenheit or 38 degrees Celsius). A cough. Fatigue. Fussiness or irritability (infants).

• #12 Bronchiolitis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html

  Bronchiolitis is an infection of the respiratory tract. It happens when tiny airways called bronchioles get infected with a virus. They swell and fill with mucus, which can make breathing hard. […] The first symptoms of bronchiolitis are usually the same as those of a cold: stuffy nose and congestion, runny nose, cough, fever. […] Usually, symptoms get better on their own. But sometimes the cough might get worse and a child may start wheezing or have trouble breathing. […] Bronchiolitis often is a mild illness. But sometimes it can cause severe symptoms. When it does, kids need treatment in a hospital to get fluids and, sometimes, help with breathing. […] Get medical care right away if your child has trouble breathing. This may look like: fast, shallow breathing, when you see the belly moving up and down quickly; your child is working hard to get breaths in. You may see the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and/or in the neck sinking in with breathing. […] Bronchiolitis usually lasts about 12 weeks. Sometimes it can take several weeks for symptoms to go away.

• #13 Bronchiolitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm

  Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection. Within 2 to 3 days, the child develops more breathing problems, including wheezing and a cough. […] Symptoms include: Bluish skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis) – emergency treatment is needed; Breathing difficulty including wheezing and shortness of breath; Cough; Fatigue; Fever; Muscles around the ribs sink in as the child tries to breathe in (called intercostal retractions); Infant’s nostrils get wide when breathing; Rapid breathing (tachypnea). […] Breathing often gets better by the third day and symptoms mostly clear within a week. In rare cases, pneumonia or more severe breathing problems develop. […] Some children may have problems with wheezing or asthma as they get older.

• #14 Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441959/

  Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young individuals. The viral infection involves the lower respiratory tract and can present with signs of mild to moderate respiratory distress. Bronchiolitis is a mild, self-limited infection in the majority of children but may sometimes progress to respiratory failure in infants. […] The most common cause is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis is managed supportively with hydration and oxygen. No specific medications treat the infection. […] Once RSV is acquired, the symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection appear and include a cough, fever, and rhinorrhea. Within 48 to 72 hours, the acute infection involving the lower airways will become evident. During the acute stage, the infant may develop small airway obstruction that leads to symptoms of respiratory distress. The physical exam will reveal crackles, wheezing, and rhonchi. The severity of respiratory distress may vary from infant to infant. Some infants may have mild disease with only tachypnea, but others may show severe retractions, grunting, and cyanosis. The course of the illness may last 7 to 10 days, and the infant may become irritable and not feed. However, most infants improve within 14 to 21 days, as long as they are well hydrated.

• #15 Pediatric Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519506/

  Pediatric bronchiolitis is an acute lower respiratory tract infection primarily caused by viral pathogens. This condition is one of the most common illnesses in infants and children aged 2 or younger and is thus one of the leading causes of hospitalization in this age group, particularly during the winter months. The illness typically begins with a few days of upper respiratory symptoms, such as nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, which progress to lower respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, cough, and feeding difficulties, especially in young infants who rely on nasal breathing. […] In severe cases, bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and dehydration, often requiring urgent care or hospitalization for supportive treatment. […] The severity of bronchiolitis varies significantly, from mild wheezing with an increased respiratory rate (commonly referred to as the „happy wheezer”) to severe respiratory distress that may progress to respiratory failure, necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. Early recognition and timely management are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes in severe cases.

• #16 Bronchiolitis Symptoms, Treatments, RSV, vs. Bronchitis

  https://www.medicinenet.com/bronchiolitis/article.htm

  Bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the bronchioles in the lung that usually affects infants and children under the age of two. […] In the early stages of bronchiolitis, the infection may affect the upper airways causing a runny nose, congestion, and sore throat. This often appears similar to the common cold. […] Over the next couple of days, the infection may involve the bronchioles causing inflammation, swelling, and mucus production. This makes it difficult for air to pass through and leads to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. This leads to persistent coughing and potentially difficulty breathing. […] Should the severity of the infection increase and the inflammation of the bronchioles worsen, the infant or child will become more ill. This is especially true for infants younger than the age of 6 months. These signs and symptoms could include: Fever above 101F (38.3C), Persistent cough. This may limit the amount of fluid and calories that can be taken in, Respiratory rate greater than 70 breaths per minute. This rapid respiratory rate takes great effort and work and the infant may become too tired to breathe effectively. It also makes feeding the infant nearly impossible leading to further weakening, Grunting with breathing and flaring of the nostrils, Along with the rapid breathing, and as respiratory distress becomes worse, retraction of the muscles between the ribs and above the breast bone can be seen (indrawing) as the patient tries to breathe, When not enough air and oxygen can be delivered to the body, cyanosis can occur, a bluish/gray tint to the skin.

• #17 Bronchiolitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm

  Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection. Within 2 to 3 days, the child develops more breathing problems, including wheezing and a cough. […] Symptoms include: Bluish skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis) – emergency treatment is needed; Breathing difficulty including wheezing and shortness of breath; Cough; Fatigue; Fever; Muscles around the ribs sink in as the child tries to breathe in (called intercostal retractions); Infant’s nostrils get wide when breathing; Rapid breathing (tachypnea). […] Breathing often gets better by the third day and symptoms mostly clear within a week. In rare cases, pneumonia or more severe breathing problems develop. […] Some children may have problems with wheezing or asthma as they get older.

• #18 Bronchiolitis in Babies: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/kids-zone/all/2024/07/bronchiolitis-babies-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Bronchiolitis is basically a viral illness that affects the tiny airways of our smallest patients, those under age 2. […] Bronchiolitis normally starts off like a mild cold for a day or two, and then on days three through seven, that’s the scary time because the virus will create a lot of mucus, so much mucus that little kids who can’t blow their nose have breathing issues. Babies who only breathe out of their noses until they’re about 9 months old have a hard time breathing, they also have a hard time eating and they are at risk for dehydration. […] Kids have a very crackly, raspy cough and sometimes will cough so hard they vomit, and the vomit is full of mucus. Babies especially will have difficulty breathing, and they’ll have retractions, which is where it looks like their ribs are sucking in with each breath. You may hear them wheeze, but it’s not like asthma. The thick mucus can also cause a child’s oxygen to drop pretty low. […] Bronchiolitis is worst the first week, but symptoms can often take two or more weeks before kids start to feel better and their symptoms start improving.

• #19 Bronchiolitis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiolitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  When symptoms of bronchiolitis first occur, they are usually similar to that of a common cold. Runny nose, fever, stuffy nose, loss of appetite and cough are the first signs of the infection. Symptoms may worsen after a few days and may include wheezing, shortness of breath, and worsening of the cough. […] Young children who get very sick may have trouble breathing and trouble swallowing. You should consult your doctor if your child shows signs of trouble breathing, dehydration such as dry mouth, crying without tears, or producing less urine than normal. If your child experiences severe symptoms like blue lips or skin, pauses in breathing or respiratory failure, call 911 immediately.

• #20 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection in young children, caused by a viral infection of the lungs. The infection causes inflammation and mucus to build up in the airways, making it more difficult to breathe. […] Bronchiolitis is most common in babies under six months, but sometimes occurs in babies up to 12 months old. […] The illness begins as a cold, and the first symptoms your baby may have include a mild cough, and a runny or blocked nose. After one or two days, your baby’s cough may get worse, and they will begin to have some breathing problems. Their symptoms may include: fast breathing, noisy breathing that sounds wheezy, breathing that is hard work you may see the ribs or skin under the neck sucking in or nostrils flaring when they are breathing; younger babies may bob their heads when breathing, irritability and fever, difficulties eating or drinking.

• #21 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  A bronchiolitis infection targets your childs airways and can cause the following symptoms that affect their breathing: Rapid or shallow breathing. Wheezing. Grunting noises when they breathe. Flaring of the nostrils. […] If your child has trouble breathing or you notice the following symptoms of severe bronchiolitis, call their healthcare provider or visit the emergency room immediately: Difficulty sucking and/or swallowing (unable to feed). Flaring (widening) nostrils when breathing. Chest retracts during breathing (their skin pulls down tightly against their rib cage and makes their chest look like its pulling inward). Blue, gray or pale skin tone on their lips, fingers or toes (cyanosis). Dry mouth, not urinating (peeing) or crying without producing tears (dehydration). […] Bronchiolitis can be life-threatening if your child has severe symptoms that affect their ability to breathe. If you notice your child has difficulty breathing, contact 911 or local emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately.

• #22 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection in young children, caused by a viral infection of the lungs. The infection causes inflammation and mucus to build up in the airways, making it more difficult to breathe. […] Bronchiolitis is most common in babies under six months, but sometimes occurs in babies up to 12 months old. […] The illness begins as a cold, and the first symptoms your baby may have include a mild cough, and a runny or blocked nose. After one or two days, your baby’s cough may get worse, and they will begin to have some breathing problems. Their symptoms may include: fast breathing, noisy breathing that sounds wheezy, breathing that is hard work you may see the ribs or skin under the neck sucking in or nostrils flaring when they are breathing; younger babies may bob their heads when breathing, irritability and fever, difficulties eating or drinking.

• #23 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection usually starts with coryzal symptoms (runny nose, sneezing and a sore throat). Around half of infants with RSV infection go on to develop bronchiolitis. A typical course of illness involves: Chest symptoms 1-2 days after the onset of coryzal symptoms, Peak of symptoms on days 3-5, Symptoms lasting 7-10 days total, Full recovery within 3 weeks. […] Presenting symptoms include: Coryzal symptoms (runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes), Dyspnoea (heavy laboured breathing), Tachypnoea (fast breathing), Reduced feeding, Mild fever (under 39°C), Apnoeas (episodes where the child stops breathing), Cyanosis (due to low oxygen saturation). […] Signs of respiratory distress include: Raised respiratory rate, Accessory muscle use (e.g., sternocleidomastoid, abdominal and intercostal muscle use), Intercostal and subcostal recessions, Nasal flaring, Head bobbing, Tracheal tug, Grunting.

• #24 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection that affects babies and children under 2. It’s usually mild and can be treated at home, but it can be serious. […] The early symptoms of bronchiolitis are similar to a cold, such as sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, a cough and a slightly high temperature of 38C. A child with bronchiolitis may then get other symptoms, such as: breathing more quickly, finding it difficult to feed or eat, noisy breathing (wheezing), becoming irritable. Symptoms are usually worst between days 3 and 5, and the cough usually gets better in 3 weeks. […] But it can be serious in some children, who may need to be treated in hospital. […] Some children may have a higher risk of getting seriously ill with bronchiolitis. This includes children who: were born very prematurely, have a heart or lung condition, have a weakened immune system.

• #25

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/RSV-When-Its-More-Than-Just-a-Cold.aspx

  Typically, RSV causes cold symptoms, which may be followed by bronchiolitis or pneumonia which are infections of the lower airways in the chest or lungs. RSV symptoms are typically at their worst on days 3 through 5 of illness. Symptoms generally last an average of 7-14 days. […] Call your pediatrician right away if your child has any: Symptoms of bronchiolitis (listed above) […] Pediatricians diagnose children with a cold or bronchiolitis by asking about their symptoms and by doing a physical exam.

• #26 Bronchiolitis in Babies: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/kids-zone/all/2024/07/bronchiolitis-babies-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Bronchiolitis is basically a viral illness that affects the tiny airways of our smallest patients, those under age 2. […] Bronchiolitis normally starts off like a mild cold for a day or two, and then on days three through seven, that’s the scary time because the virus will create a lot of mucus, so much mucus that little kids who can’t blow their nose have breathing issues. Babies who only breathe out of their noses until they’re about 9 months old have a hard time breathing, they also have a hard time eating and they are at risk for dehydration. […] Kids have a very crackly, raspy cough and sometimes will cough so hard they vomit, and the vomit is full of mucus. Babies especially will have difficulty breathing, and they’ll have retractions, which is where it looks like their ribs are sucking in with each breath. You may hear them wheeze, but it’s not like asthma. The thick mucus can also cause a child’s oxygen to drop pretty low. […] Bronchiolitis is worst the first week, but symptoms can often take two or more weeks before kids start to feel better and their symptoms start improving.

• #27 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  A bronchiolitis infection targets your childs airways and can cause the following symptoms that affect their breathing: Rapid or shallow breathing. Wheezing. Grunting noises when they breathe. Flaring of the nostrils. […] If your child has trouble breathing or you notice the following symptoms of severe bronchiolitis, call their healthcare provider or visit the emergency room immediately: Difficulty sucking and/or swallowing (unable to feed). Flaring (widening) nostrils when breathing. Chest retracts during breathing (their skin pulls down tightly against their rib cage and makes their chest look like its pulling inward). Blue, gray or pale skin tone on their lips, fingers or toes (cyanosis). Dry mouth, not urinating (peeing) or crying without producing tears (dehydration). […] Bronchiolitis can be life-threatening if your child has severe symptoms that affect their ability to breathe. If you notice your child has difficulty breathing, contact 911 or local emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately.

• #28 Bronchiolitis Signs and Symptoms | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/health-care-providers/evidence-based-practice/cpgs-cpms-and-eras-pathways/bronchiolitis-clinical-practice-guideline/bronchiolitis-signs-and-symptoms/

  This viral lower respiratory tract illness is characterized by increased mucus production as well as inflammation and edema in the small airways. Signs and symptoms begin with cough and rhinitis, progressing to lower airway signs, commonly bilateral crackles, and wheezing. Hypoxemia and/or signs of increased work of breathing (tachypnea, retractions, nasal flaring) may be present and guide medical management.

• #29 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection usually starts with coryzal symptoms (runny nose, sneezing and a sore throat). Around half of infants with RSV infection go on to develop bronchiolitis. A typical course of illness involves: Chest symptoms 1-2 days after the onset of coryzal symptoms, Peak of symptoms on days 3-5, Symptoms lasting 7-10 days total, Full recovery within 3 weeks. […] Presenting symptoms include: Coryzal symptoms (runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes), Dyspnoea (heavy laboured breathing), Tachypnoea (fast breathing), Reduced feeding, Mild fever (under 39°C), Apnoeas (episodes where the child stops breathing), Cyanosis (due to low oxygen saturation). […] Signs of respiratory distress include: Raised respiratory rate, Accessory muscle use (e.g., sternocleidomastoid, abdominal and intercostal muscle use), Intercostal and subcostal recessions, Nasal flaring, Head bobbing, Tracheal tug, Grunting.

• #30 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Wheezing is a whistling sound heard on auscultation and caused by airway obstruction. It occurs during exhalation. Widespread wheeze may be heard in children with bronchiolitis, asthma, and viral-induced wheeze. […] Admission reasons include: Aged under 3 months, Pre-existing condition (e.g., prematurity, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis or Down’s syndrome), Less than 50-75% of their normal fluid intake, Signs of dehydration (e.g., reduced urine output, dry mucus membranes or reduced skin turgor), Respiratory rate above 70, Oxygen saturation below 92%, Persistent severe signs of respiratory distress (e.g., deep recessions or grunting), Apnoeas, Cyanosis, Difficulty managing or seeking medical help from home. […] Management of bronchiolitis involves: Ensuring adequate intake (oral, NG feeds or IV fluids depending on the severity), Saline nasal drops and nasal suctioning may help clear nasal secretions, particularly before feeding, Supplementary oxygen if the oxygen saturations remain below 90% (or 92% if under 6 weeks or high risk), Ventilatory support, if required.

• #31 Bronchiolitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/bronchiolitis-pro

  Bronchiolitis symptoms (presentation) […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines state that bronchiolitis should be diagnosed in children under the age of 2 years who present with a 1- to 3-day history of coryzal symptoms, followed by: […] Persistent cough; and […] Either tachypnoea or chest recession (or both); and […] Either wheeze or crackles on chest auscultation (or both). […] Other typical features include fever (usually of less than 39C) and poor feeding. Consider an alternative diagnosis such as pneumonia if temperature is higher and crackles are focal. Consider viral-induced wheeze or early-onset asthma if there is wheeze without crackles, episodic symptoms and/or a family history of atopy. These, however, are rare in children under the age of 1.

• #32 Pediatric Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519506/

  Pediatric bronchiolitis is an acute lower respiratory tract infection primarily caused by viral pathogens. This condition is one of the most common illnesses in infants and children aged 2 or younger and is thus one of the leading causes of hospitalization in this age group, particularly during the winter months. The illness typically begins with a few days of upper respiratory symptoms, such as nasal congestion and rhinorrhea, which progress to lower respiratory symptoms, including wheezing, cough, and feeding difficulties, especially in young infants who rely on nasal breathing. […] In severe cases, bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and dehydration, often requiring urgent care or hospitalization for supportive treatment. […] The severity of bronchiolitis varies significantly, from mild wheezing with an increased respiratory rate (commonly referred to as the „happy wheezer”) to severe respiratory distress that may progress to respiratory failure, necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. Early recognition and timely management are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes in severe cases.

• #33 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Most children diagnosed with bronchiolitis feel better within one week. Their breathing may improve after a few days, and most symptoms should clear up after about a week. Rarely, mild symptoms may persist for another week or two. Your child may cough for up to a month. […] Your child may have symptoms for up to a week if they have bronchiolitis. During their illness, they may have trouble eating full meals or lose their appetite. […] If your child has symptoms that dont improve after one week or get worse, contact their healthcare provider. If your child has trouble breathing, contact emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately. […] Some children develop asthma as they grow if they had bronchiolitis when they were infants. While less common, some children may develop pneumonia after bronchiolitis.

• #34 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/bronchiolitis/

  Symptoms are usually worst on the second or third day, and your baby may be sick for up to 10 days. Their cough may continue for up to four weeks. […] Most babies with bronchiolitis can be treated at home after seeing a doctor. You can care for your baby as follows: Let your baby have plenty of rest. Give them more frequent breastfeeds, or smaller amounts of formula more often. This will keep them from becoming too tired when feeding, and will make sure they do not become dehydrated. […] You should go back to see your GP if your baby has bronchiolitis and: they have a cough that is getting worse, they have less than half their normal feeds or are refusing drinks, they seem very tired or are more sleepy than usual, you are worried for any reason. […] Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection, caused by a virus, that affects babies up to 12 months old. Babies are usually sick for seven to 10 days. They are infectious in the first few days of illness. […] Seek medical attention if your baby is having trouble breathing, feeding or drinking.

• #35 Bronchiolitis in Babies: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/kids-zone/all/2024/07/bronchiolitis-babies-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Bronchiolitis is basically a viral illness that affects the tiny airways of our smallest patients, those under age 2. […] Bronchiolitis normally starts off like a mild cold for a day or two, and then on days three through seven, that’s the scary time because the virus will create a lot of mucus, so much mucus that little kids who can’t blow their nose have breathing issues. Babies who only breathe out of their noses until they’re about 9 months old have a hard time breathing, they also have a hard time eating and they are at risk for dehydration. […] Kids have a very crackly, raspy cough and sometimes will cough so hard they vomit, and the vomit is full of mucus. Babies especially will have difficulty breathing, and they’ll have retractions, which is where it looks like their ribs are sucking in with each breath. You may hear them wheeze, but it’s not like asthma. The thick mucus can also cause a child’s oxygen to drop pretty low. […] Bronchiolitis is worst the first week, but symptoms can often take two or more weeks before kids start to feel better and their symptoms start improving.

• #36

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/bronchiolitis.aspx

  Bronchiolitis causes the small breathing tubes of the lungs (bronchioles) to swell. This blocks airflow through the lungs, making it hard to breathe. It occurs most often in infants because their airways are smaller and more easily blocked than in older children. […] Bronchiolitis often starts with signs of a cold, such as a runny nose, mild cough and fever. After 1 or 2 days, the cough may get worse and an infant will begin to breathe faster. Your child may become dehydrated if they cannot comfortably drink fluids. […] The following signs may mean that your baby is having trouble breathing: They may widen their nostrils and squeeze the muscles under their rib cage to try to get more air into and out of his lungs. When they breathe, they may grunt and tighten their stomach muscles. They will make a high-pitched whistling sound, called a wheeze, when they breathes out. They may have trouble drinking because they may have trouble sucking and swallowing. If it gets very hard for your baby to breathe, you may notice a bluish tint around their lips and fingertips. This tells you the airways are so blocked that there is not enough oxygen getting into their blood. […] Some children with bronchiolitis need to be treated in a hospital for breathing problems or dehydration. Breathing problems may need to be treated with oxygen and medicine. Dehydration is treated with a special liquid diet or intravenous (IV) fluids.

• #37 Bronchiolitis in Adults & Babies: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/bronchiolitis

  While not common, some children with bronchiolitis develop a fever too. […] In some cases, bronchiolitis can be life-threatening. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have any of these life-threatening symptoms including: Audible wheezing (high-pitched sound when exhaling), Change in skin color (pale, blue tinted lips or fingernail beds, due to lack of freshly oxygenated blood), Labored breathing (skin on the chest retracts with each breath), Nostrils flaring with each breath, Shallow, fast breathing. […] In cases of babies and young children, other serious signs to watch for include: Decrease in urine output (fewer soiled diapers, for example), Inability to feed due to fast breathing, Increase in fussiness, Lethargic or difficult to stimulate, Not waking for feedings.

• #38 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  A bronchiolitis infection targets your childs airways and can cause the following symptoms that affect their breathing: Rapid or shallow breathing. Wheezing. Grunting noises when they breathe. Flaring of the nostrils. […] If your child has trouble breathing or you notice the following symptoms of severe bronchiolitis, call their healthcare provider or visit the emergency room immediately: Difficulty sucking and/or swallowing (unable to feed). Flaring (widening) nostrils when breathing. Chest retracts during breathing (their skin pulls down tightly against their rib cage and makes their chest look like its pulling inward). Blue, gray or pale skin tone on their lips, fingers or toes (cyanosis). Dry mouth, not urinating (peeing) or crying without producing tears (dehydration). […] Bronchiolitis can be life-threatening if your child has severe symptoms that affect their ability to breathe. If you notice your child has difficulty breathing, contact 911 or local emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately.

• #39

  https://www.singhealth.com.sg/patient-care/conditions-treatments/bronchiolitis-child

  Bronchiolitis is a common infection in young children, occurring mainly in infants and children less than two years old. It is caused by viruses that affect the small air passages in the lungs. […] The illness begins as a cold, leading to cough and breathlessness. This may interfere with feeding and sleep. Babies with bronchiolitis are usually sick for three to five days and gradually recover over the next three days. However, the cough may persist for two to three weeks. […] Bring your child to the doctor if he/she: Has difficulty breathing, Is unable to sleep due to cough or breathing difficulty, Appears lethargic, Is easily irritable and difficult to calm down, Is not feeding or taking fluids well, Has not wet the diapers in the last six to eight hours and his/her lips are dry, Has pale or greyish skin colour (late sign).

• #40 What is bronchiolitis? | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/bronchiolitis/what-is-it

  If your child has a high temperature at 38 degrees and its not coming down despite Calpol. […] If your child just isnt feeding as well as usual, specifically if theyre not taking about a half to three quarters of their normal feeds, then its time to go and see someone. […] If theyre having dry nappies if theyve not had a wet nappy for at least 12 hours, its time to seek help. […] And then finally if theyre just sleepy and lethargic, not waking for feeds and actually youre having to wake them quite consistently for feeds, then its time to go and seek help. […] If your child is really struggling to breathe and you can see they are moving their muscles in and out, their tummys moving in and out, thats not right and its time to call 999. […] The other thing is if despite the difficulty in breathing, actually they have pauses in their breathing.

• #41 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  A bronchiolitis infection targets your childs airways and can cause the following symptoms that affect their breathing: Rapid or shallow breathing. Wheezing. Grunting noises when they breathe. Flaring of the nostrils. […] If your child has trouble breathing or you notice the following symptoms of severe bronchiolitis, call their healthcare provider or visit the emergency room immediately: Difficulty sucking and/or swallowing (unable to feed). Flaring (widening) nostrils when breathing. Chest retracts during breathing (their skin pulls down tightly against their rib cage and makes their chest look like its pulling inward). Blue, gray or pale skin tone on their lips, fingers or toes (cyanosis). Dry mouth, not urinating (peeing) or crying without producing tears (dehydration). […] Bronchiolitis can be life-threatening if your child has severe symptoms that affect their ability to breathe. If you notice your child has difficulty breathing, contact 911 or local emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately.

• #42 Bronchiolitis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiolitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  When symptoms of bronchiolitis first occur, they are usually similar to that of a common cold. Runny nose, fever, stuffy nose, loss of appetite and cough are the first signs of the infection. Symptoms may worsen after a few days and may include wheezing, shortness of breath, and worsening of the cough. […] Young children who get very sick may have trouble breathing and trouble swallowing. You should consult your doctor if your child shows signs of trouble breathing, dehydration such as dry mouth, crying without tears, or producing less urine than normal. If your child experiences severe symptoms like blue lips or skin, pauses in breathing or respiratory failure, call 911 immediately.

• #43 Bronchiolitis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html

  Bronchiolitis is an infection of the respiratory tract. It happens when tiny airways called bronchioles get infected with a virus. They swell and fill with mucus, which can make breathing hard. […] The first symptoms of bronchiolitis are usually the same as those of a cold: stuffy nose and congestion, runny nose, cough, fever. […] Usually, symptoms get better on their own. But sometimes the cough might get worse and a child may start wheezing or have trouble breathing. […] Bronchiolitis often is a mild illness. But sometimes it can cause severe symptoms. When it does, kids need treatment in a hospital to get fluids and, sometimes, help with breathing. […] Get medical care right away if your child has trouble breathing. This may look like: fast, shallow breathing, when you see the belly moving up and down quickly; your child is working hard to get breaths in. You may see the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and/or in the neck sinking in with breathing. […] Bronchiolitis usually lasts about 12 weeks. Sometimes it can take several weeks for symptoms to go away.

• #44 Bronchiolitis in Adults & Babies: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/bronchiolitis

  While not common, some children with bronchiolitis develop a fever too. […] In some cases, bronchiolitis can be life-threatening. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have any of these life-threatening symptoms including: Audible wheezing (high-pitched sound when exhaling), Change in skin color (pale, blue tinted lips or fingernail beds, due to lack of freshly oxygenated blood), Labored breathing (skin on the chest retracts with each breath), Nostrils flaring with each breath, Shallow, fast breathing. […] In cases of babies and young children, other serious signs to watch for include: Decrease in urine output (fewer soiled diapers, for example), Inability to feed due to fast breathing, Increase in fussiness, Lethargic or difficult to stimulate, Not waking for feedings.

• #45 What is bronchiolitis? | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/bronchiolitis/what-is-it

  If your child has a high temperature at 38 degrees and its not coming down despite Calpol. […] If your child just isnt feeding as well as usual, specifically if theyre not taking about a half to three quarters of their normal feeds, then its time to go and see someone. […] If theyre having dry nappies if theyve not had a wet nappy for at least 12 hours, its time to seek help. […] And then finally if theyre just sleepy and lethargic, not waking for feeds and actually youre having to wake them quite consistently for feeds, then its time to go and seek help. […] If your child is really struggling to breathe and you can see they are moving their muscles in and out, their tummys moving in and out, thats not right and its time to call 999. […] The other thing is if despite the difficulty in breathing, actually they have pauses in their breathing.

• #46 What is bronchiolitis? | Asthma + Lung UK

  https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/bronchiolitis/what-is-it

  They may stop breathing for 5, 10 or even up to 20 seconds, you should definitely be calling 999. […] And if you see any change in the colour of your childs skin, especially around the mouth and lips, and if you look inside, if your babys tongue is not nice and pink, its looking a bit grey or dull its definitely time to call 999.

• #47 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection that affects babies and children under 2. It’s usually mild and can be treated at home, but it can be serious. […] The early symptoms of bronchiolitis are similar to a cold, such as sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, a cough and a slightly high temperature of 38C. A child with bronchiolitis may then get other symptoms, such as: breathing more quickly, finding it difficult to feed or eat, noisy breathing (wheezing), becoming irritable. Symptoms are usually worst between days 3 and 5, and the cough usually gets better in 3 weeks. […] But it can be serious in some children, who may need to be treated in hospital. […] Some children may have a higher risk of getting seriously ill with bronchiolitis. This includes children who: were born very prematurely, have a heart or lung condition, have a weakened immune system.

• #48 Bronchiolitis ward management

  https://www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Bronchiolitis_Ongoing_Management/

  Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract (LRTI). It generally affects children less than 12 months of age and it is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants under 6 months of age. […] The condition is usually preceded by an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) and is characterised by cough, tachypnoea, poor feeding, wheeze, crackles, apnoea, mucus production and inflammation causing obstruction at the level of the bronchioles. The illness typically peaks around day 3 to 5 with a resolution of the wheeze and respiratory distress over 7 10 days. The cough may continue for up to 4 weeks. […] Bronchiolitis is a self-limiting condition, but can be life-threatening in infants who have been premature or have underlying respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular or immunological conditions.

• #49 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Wheezing is a whistling sound heard on auscultation and caused by airway obstruction. It occurs during exhalation. Widespread wheeze may be heard in children with bronchiolitis, asthma, and viral-induced wheeze. […] Admission reasons include: Aged under 3 months, Pre-existing condition (e.g., prematurity, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis or Down’s syndrome), Less than 50-75% of their normal fluid intake, Signs of dehydration (e.g., reduced urine output, dry mucus membranes or reduced skin turgor), Respiratory rate above 70, Oxygen saturation below 92%, Persistent severe signs of respiratory distress (e.g., deep recessions or grunting), Apnoeas, Cyanosis, Difficulty managing or seeking medical help from home. […] Management of bronchiolitis involves: Ensuring adequate intake (oral, NG feeds or IV fluids depending on the severity), Saline nasal drops and nasal suctioning may help clear nasal secretions, particularly before feeding, Supplementary oxygen if the oxygen saturations remain below 90% (or 92% if under 6 weeks or high risk), Ventilatory support, if required.

• #50 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Most children diagnosed with bronchiolitis feel better within one week. Their breathing may improve after a few days, and most symptoms should clear up after about a week. Rarely, mild symptoms may persist for another week or two. Your child may cough for up to a month. […] Your child may have symptoms for up to a week if they have bronchiolitis. During their illness, they may have trouble eating full meals or lose their appetite. […] If your child has symptoms that dont improve after one week or get worse, contact their healthcare provider. If your child has trouble breathing, contact emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately. […] Some children develop asthma as they grow if they had bronchiolitis when they were infants. While less common, some children may develop pneumonia after bronchiolitis.

• #51 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/bronchiolitis/

  Symptoms are usually worst on the second or third day, and your baby may be sick for up to 10 days. Their cough may continue for up to four weeks. […] Most babies with bronchiolitis can be treated at home after seeing a doctor. You can care for your baby as follows: Let your baby have plenty of rest. Give them more frequent breastfeeds, or smaller amounts of formula more often. This will keep them from becoming too tired when feeding, and will make sure they do not become dehydrated. […] You should go back to see your GP if your baby has bronchiolitis and: they have a cough that is getting worse, they have less than half their normal feeds or are refusing drinks, they seem very tired or are more sleepy than usual, you are worried for any reason. […] Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection, caused by a virus, that affects babies up to 12 months old. Babies are usually sick for seven to 10 days. They are infectious in the first few days of illness. […] Seek medical attention if your baby is having trouble breathing, feeding or drinking.

• #52 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection that affects babies and children under 2. It’s usually mild and can be treated at home, but it can be serious. […] The early symptoms of bronchiolitis are similar to a cold, such as sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, a cough and a slightly high temperature of 38C. A child with bronchiolitis may then get other symptoms, such as: breathing more quickly, finding it difficult to feed or eat, noisy breathing (wheezing), becoming irritable. Symptoms are usually worst between days 3 and 5, and the cough usually gets better in 3 weeks. […] But it can be serious in some children, who may need to be treated in hospital. […] Some children may have a higher risk of getting seriously ill with bronchiolitis. This includes children who: were born very prematurely, have a heart or lung condition, have a weakened immune system.

• #53 Bronchiolitis Symptoms, Treatments, RSV, vs. Bronchitis

  https://www.medicinenet.com/bronchiolitis/article.htm

  Bronchiolitis is not a short illness. In a patient who is not very ill and can be cared for at home, the initial upper respiratory symptoms of runny nose, congestion, and sore throat can be present for a few days before the lung symptoms of coughing begin. The symptoms usually peak in about a week, but the cough can persist for 2-3 weeks. Those who are sicker may need to be in the hospital for a week or more.

• #54 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Most children diagnosed with bronchiolitis feel better within one week. Their breathing may improve after a few days, and most symptoms should clear up after about a week. Rarely, mild symptoms may persist for another week or two. Your child may cough for up to a month. […] Your child may have symptoms for up to a week if they have bronchiolitis. During their illness, they may have trouble eating full meals or lose their appetite. […] If your child has symptoms that dont improve after one week or get worse, contact their healthcare provider. If your child has trouble breathing, contact emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately. […] Some children develop asthma as they grow if they had bronchiolitis when they were infants. While less common, some children may develop pneumonia after bronchiolitis.

• #55 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/bronchiolitis/

  Symptoms are usually worst on the second or third day, and your baby may be sick for up to 10 days. Their cough may continue for up to four weeks. […] Most babies with bronchiolitis can be treated at home after seeing a doctor. You can care for your baby as follows: Let your baby have plenty of rest. Give them more frequent breastfeeds, or smaller amounts of formula more often. This will keep them from becoming too tired when feeding, and will make sure they do not become dehydrated. […] You should go back to see your GP if your baby has bronchiolitis and: they have a cough that is getting worse, they have less than half their normal feeds or are refusing drinks, they seem very tired or are more sleepy than usual, you are worried for any reason. […] Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection, caused by a virus, that affects babies up to 12 months old. Babies are usually sick for seven to 10 days. They are infectious in the first few days of illness. […] Seek medical attention if your baby is having trouble breathing, feeding or drinking.

• #56 Bronchiolitis: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://patient.info/chest-lungs/bronchiolitis-leaflet

  Bronchiolitis symptoms include: […] Cold symptoms: a runny nose, cough and mild high temperature (fever) are usual for the first 2-3 days. […] Fast breathing, trouble breathing and wheezing may develop as the infection travels down to the bronchioles. The number of breaths per minute may go as high as 60-80. […] The nostrils may open out (flare) and the cough becomes worse. […] You can often see the muscles between the ribs moving inwards during each breath. This is because the baby needs more effort than normal to breathe. […] The baby may have difficulty feeding and taking drinks. This is because the baby is ill and becomes tired easily. The baby may struggle to breathe and to feed at the same time. […] Typically, symptoms are worst 2-3 days after starting. The severity of the illness can vary from mild (being a bit worse than a heavy cold) to severe with serious breathing difficulties. After peaking, symptoms then usually gradually ease and go within 1-2 weeks. An irritating cough can linger a bit longer. In some cases the irritating cough may grumble on for several weeks after the other symptoms have gone – up to 4 weeks.

• #57 Bronchiolitis | What Parents Need to Know

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bronchiolitis-facts

  Bronchiolitis usually begins as a cold, often with symptoms of fever, runny nose or nasal stuffiness, and poor appetite or difficulty with sucking in infants. […] After two to four days, the virus spreads to the bronchioles, causing irritation and narrowing of these air passages. This results in a whistling sound (wheeze) when breathing out. […] Bronchiolitis is usually mild, and the child gets better after three or four days. However, sometimes the infection is more serious and admission to a hospital is required. […] Very few babies with bronchiolitis stay in the hospital more than two to three days. They usually go home when: Breathing is slower and easier, They are eating well, Any medicines or oxygen, if still needed, can be given at home, There is someone in the home who can use a nasal bulb suction, Your baby’s doctor is comfortable with and agrees to all of the discharge plans, A follow-up appointment with the doctor has been arranged, And, most importantly, you are comfortable that your baby is ready for discharge. […] It is normal for your child to have symptoms for a few days after discharge. Wheezing usually gets better in two to five days. Stuffy nose and cough may last another one to two weeks. Sleeping and eating routines may not return to normal for four to seven days.

• #58 pediatricgroup.com

  https://www.pediatricgroup.com/bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis is a lung infection caused by a virus. The average age of children who get bronchiolitis is 6 months. They are never older than 2 years. The symptoms of bronchiolitis include: wheezing (making a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing out), breathing rapidly at a rate of over 40 breaths per minute, tight breathing (having to push the air out), coughing (may cough up very sticky mucus), a fever and a runny nose that precede the breathing problems and cough. […] Wheezing and tight breathing (trouble breathing out) become worse for 2 or 3 days and then improve. Overall, the wheezing lasts approximately 7 days and the cough about 14 days. […] The most common complication of bronchiolitis is an ear infection, occurring in about 20% of infants. Bacterial pneumonia is an uncommon complication. Only 1% or 2% of children with bronchiolitis are hospitalized because they need oxygen or intravenous fluids.

• #59 Bronchiolitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-bronchiolitis

  About 3% of children with bronchiolitis need to go to a hospital. If your child does, the treatments may include: Fluid and nutrition given through a tube into a vein (IV), Oxygen therapy to help your child breathe, Suctioning of their nose and mouth to take out mucus. Typically, most kids feel better and can go home in about 2 to 5 days. If your child’s case is more severe, and they need a machine to help them breathe, it could mean a longer stay — about 4 to 8 days.

• #60 pediatricgroup.com

  https://www.pediatricgroup.com/bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis is a lung infection caused by a virus. The average age of children who get bronchiolitis is 6 months. They are never older than 2 years. The symptoms of bronchiolitis include: wheezing (making a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing out), breathing rapidly at a rate of over 40 breaths per minute, tight breathing (having to push the air out), coughing (may cough up very sticky mucus), a fever and a runny nose that precede the breathing problems and cough. […] Wheezing and tight breathing (trouble breathing out) become worse for 2 or 3 days and then improve. Overall, the wheezing lasts approximately 7 days and the cough about 14 days. […] The most common complication of bronchiolitis is an ear infection, occurring in about 20% of infants. Bacterial pneumonia is an uncommon complication. Only 1% or 2% of children with bronchiolitis are hospitalized because they need oxygen or intravenous fluids.

• #61 Bronchiolitis vs. Bronchitis

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/bronchiolitis-vs-bronchitis-5120788

  Symptoms specific to bronchiolitis include: […] Progresses to the lower respiratory tract after several days […] A hallmark of bronchiolitis that is not seen with bronchitis is the minute-to-minute variation in symptoms. One moment a child may be sleeping comfortably, the next they may be agitated and appear quite ill, and then they may appear comfortable again after coughing and clearing mucus from their airways. […] Altogether, symptoms last around two weeks, although coughing and wheezing sometimes last longer. […] Children may show signs of breathing difficulty through nasal flaring, grunting, and the use of accessory muscles to breathe (muscles in the neck contract with inhalation). […] Very young children may have episodes where they stop breathing for moments (apnea). […] Signs of concern with bronchiolitis may include:

• #62 Bronchiolitis in Infants and Toddlers (and differentiating this from Asthma) : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/bronchiolitis-in-infants-and-toddlers-and-differentiating-this-from-asthma/

  Bronchiolitis Definition: First episode of wheezing in infants <12 months age. [...] Symptoms: rhinitis, cough, tachypnea, accessory muscle use, wheeze, crackles. As mucous can move within airways, signs/symptoms are known to vary within minutes to hours. [...] The vast majority of patients presenting with bronchiolitis will have mild/moderate disease severity. [...] Children with risk factors for severe disease (immunodeficiency, history of premature birth <32 weeks GA, age <48 weeks post conception, underlying cardiopulmonary disease) or those who are very unwell (RR >70, oxygen saturation <90% on room air, marked work of breathing, lethargy) deserve investigation and a trial of treatment. [...] Oxygen saturation <90% awake or asleep. [...] Marked work of breathing / lethargy.

• #63 Bronchiolitis vs. Bronchitis

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/bronchiolitis-vs-bronchitis-5120788

  Symptoms specific to bronchiolitis include: […] Progresses to the lower respiratory tract after several days […] A hallmark of bronchiolitis that is not seen with bronchitis is the minute-to-minute variation in symptoms. One moment a child may be sleeping comfortably, the next they may be agitated and appear quite ill, and then they may appear comfortable again after coughing and clearing mucus from their airways. […] Altogether, symptoms last around two weeks, although coughing and wheezing sometimes last longer. […] Children may show signs of breathing difficulty through nasal flaring, grunting, and the use of accessory muscles to breathe (muscles in the neck contract with inhalation). […] Very young children may have episodes where they stop breathing for moments (apnea). […] Signs of concern with bronchiolitis may include:

• #64 Bronchiolitis | Children’s Health Queensland

  https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/health-a-to-z/bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection in babies younger than 12 months. The infection causes inflammation and mucus to build up in the airways and makes it more difficult to breathe. Bronchiolitis is usually mild. Most infants get better in 7-10 days, but the cough can last up to a month. […] These can get worse in a few days with: fast or laboured breathing, wheezing sound when breathing out, pauses between breaths, irritability and fever, trouble feeding (this is because babies only breathe through their nose), reduced wet nappies. […] The symptoms are often worse at night. Most children start to improve after 4 days. […] The infection may be worse and last longer in children under 3 months, premature babies or children with lung or heart problems.

• #65 Bronchiolitis in Babies: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | University of Utah Health

  https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/kids-zone/all/2024/07/bronchiolitis-babies-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention

  Bronchiolitis is basically a viral illness that affects the tiny airways of our smallest patients, those under age 2. […] Bronchiolitis normally starts off like a mild cold for a day or two, and then on days three through seven, that’s the scary time because the virus will create a lot of mucus, so much mucus that little kids who can’t blow their nose have breathing issues. Babies who only breathe out of their noses until they’re about 9 months old have a hard time breathing, they also have a hard time eating and they are at risk for dehydration. […] Kids have a very crackly, raspy cough and sometimes will cough so hard they vomit, and the vomit is full of mucus. Babies especially will have difficulty breathing, and they’ll have retractions, which is where it looks like their ribs are sucking in with each breath. You may hear them wheeze, but it’s not like asthma. The thick mucus can also cause a child’s oxygen to drop pretty low. […] Bronchiolitis is worst the first week, but symptoms can often take two or more weeks before kids start to feel better and their symptoms start improving.

• #66 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Most children diagnosed with bronchiolitis feel better within one week. Their breathing may improve after a few days, and most symptoms should clear up after about a week. Rarely, mild symptoms may persist for another week or two. Your child may cough for up to a month. […] Your child may have symptoms for up to a week if they have bronchiolitis. During their illness, they may have trouble eating full meals or lose their appetite. […] If your child has symptoms that dont improve after one week or get worse, contact their healthcare provider. If your child has trouble breathing, contact emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately. […] Some children develop asthma as they grow if they had bronchiolitis when they were infants. While less common, some children may develop pneumonia after bronchiolitis.

• #67 Managing Long-Term Effects of Bronchiolitis: Expert Guidance

  https://www.kidsvillepeds.com/blog/1182881-what-is-bronchiolitis-disease/

  Children who have acute bronchiolitis may experience ongoing respiratory issues. These can include recurrent wheezing, asthma-like symptoms, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. Monitoring respiratory health closely and seeking prompt medical attention for any concerning symptoms is crucial in managing these complications. […] While most cases of bronchiolitis disease resolve without long-term effects, severe cases can occasionally lead to ongoing respiratory issues, developmental delays, or psychological impacts. Monitoring your child’s health closely, seeking timely medical care for any respiratory concerns, and maintaining open communication with your pediatrician are key steps in managing potential long-term effects of bronchiolitis effectively.

• #68 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Most children diagnosed with bronchiolitis feel better within one week. Their breathing may improve after a few days, and most symptoms should clear up after about a week. Rarely, mild symptoms may persist for another week or two. Your child may cough for up to a month. […] Your child may have symptoms for up to a week if they have bronchiolitis. During their illness, they may have trouble eating full meals or lose their appetite. […] If your child has symptoms that dont improve after one week or get worse, contact their healthcare provider. If your child has trouble breathing, contact emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately. […] Some children develop asthma as they grow if they had bronchiolitis when they were infants. While less common, some children may develop pneumonia after bronchiolitis.

• #69 Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441959/

  Children who develop signs of severe respiratory distress may progress to respiratory failure. These children may require intensive care for mechanical ventilation or non-invasive support. A high-flow nasal cannula is an emerging modality of non-invasive support for children with bronchiolitis. […] When the disorder is recognized and treated, the prognosis is excellent. The majority of children recover without any adverse effects. Past studies suggest that infants with severe bronchiolitis will develop wheezing in the future, but this has not been borne out by longitudinal studies.

• #70 Bronchiolitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000975.htm

  Bronchiolitis begins as a mild upper respiratory infection. Within 2 to 3 days, the child develops more breathing problems, including wheezing and a cough. […] Symptoms include: Bluish skin due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis) – emergency treatment is needed; Breathing difficulty including wheezing and shortness of breath; Cough; Fatigue; Fever; Muscles around the ribs sink in as the child tries to breathe in (called intercostal retractions); Infant’s nostrils get wide when breathing; Rapid breathing (tachypnea). […] Breathing often gets better by the third day and symptoms mostly clear within a week. In rare cases, pneumonia or more severe breathing problems develop. […] Some children may have problems with wheezing or asthma as they get older.

• #71 Pediatric Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519506/

  Infants with tachypnea exceeding 60 breaths per minute or oxygen saturation levels below 92% should be considered for hospitalization and supplemental oxygen. Patients with severe respiratory compromise may benefit from a trial of aerosolized albuterol. […] The prognosis of bronchiolitis is generally favorable, with most infants recovering within 5 to 7 days. Although some studies suggest an increased risk of asthma following bronchiolitis, only a small percentage of affected children develop asthma. A history of recurrent wheezing and a positive family history of asthma, allergies, or atopic dermatitis may increase the likelihood of asthma development in these patients in the future.

• #72 Bronchiolitis: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://patient.info/chest-lungs/bronchiolitis-leaflet

  Some children develop wheezy chests and coughs more easily after a bout of bronchiolitis, especially when they have a cough or a cold. This is called post-bronchiolitic syndrome and usually goes away in time. In a minority of cases the wheezy symptoms may develop on and off for several years, particularly with coughs and colds.

• #73 Bronchiolitis: What parents of infants need to know – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/bronchiolitis-what-parents-of-infants-need-to-know-2017010310948

  Sometimes symptoms can linger for weeks. If your baby has been sick for more than a week its a good idea to check in with the doctor, just to be on the safe side. Some babies will go on to have asthma, although its not clear if its the bronchiolitis that causes the asthma, or whether babies that are prone to asthma have a tougher time with bronchiolitis.

• #74 Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441959/

  Children who develop signs of severe respiratory distress may progress to respiratory failure. These children may require intensive care for mechanical ventilation or non-invasive support. A high-flow nasal cannula is an emerging modality of non-invasive support for children with bronchiolitis. […] When the disorder is recognized and treated, the prognosis is excellent. The majority of children recover without any adverse effects. Past studies suggest that infants with severe bronchiolitis will develop wheezing in the future, but this has not been borne out by longitudinal studies.

• #75 Bronchiolitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/bronchiolitis-pro

  Very young babies may present with apnoea alone, with no other signs. […] Prognosis […] Most children with bronchiolitis make a full recovery. […] The illness is typically self-limiting, lasting 3-7 days. The cough settles within three weeks in most. […] Bronchiolitis is more likely to be severe in children with chronic lung disease, who are under 3 months of age or who were born 32 weeks of gestation. […] There is an association with long-term respiratory conditions such as asthma but it is not known if there is causality. […] Death from bronchiolitis is uncommon. In England there are around 70 deaths per year due to bronchiolitis. Most deaths occur in infants younger than 6 months or in those with underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease.

• #76 Bronchiolitis

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis usually begins like a cold. […] Further symptoms usually develop over the next few days, including: […] Symptoms can get worse quickly. […] Your child may need hospital treatment. […] Your GP may refer your child to hospital if they’re: […] Your GP may refer your child to the paediatric emergency department if they feel that your child needs support for breathing or feeding. […] There’s no specific treatment for bronchiolitis. It will usually clear up on its own after 2 to 3 weeks. […] Babies with bronchiolitis can become very tired when feeding. […] Bronchiolitis does not usually cause long-term breathing problems. But it can damage cells in your child’s airways. This can last for 3 to 4 months and cause ongoing wheezing and coughing. […] There may be a link between bronchiolitis and respiratory conditions in later life. […] Research has found that some children who get repeated bouts of bronchiolitis might be more prone to getting asthma when they are older. But it is not clear whether it is bronchiolitis or other factors that have caused this.

• #77 Bronchiolitis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html

  Bronchiolitis is an infection of the respiratory tract. It happens when tiny airways called bronchioles get infected with a virus. They swell and fill with mucus, which can make breathing hard. […] The first symptoms of bronchiolitis are usually the same as those of a cold: stuffy nose and congestion, runny nose, cough, fever. […] Usually, symptoms get better on their own. But sometimes the cough might get worse and a child may start wheezing or have trouble breathing. […] Bronchiolitis often is a mild illness. But sometimes it can cause severe symptoms. When it does, kids need treatment in a hospital to get fluids and, sometimes, help with breathing. […] Get medical care right away if your child has trouble breathing. This may look like: fast, shallow breathing, when you see the belly moving up and down quickly; your child is working hard to get breaths in. You may see the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and/or in the neck sinking in with breathing. […] Bronchiolitis usually lasts about 12 weeks. Sometimes it can take several weeks for symptoms to go away.

• #78 Bronchiolitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-bronchiolitis

  About 3% of children with bronchiolitis need to go to a hospital. If your child does, the treatments may include: Fluid and nutrition given through a tube into a vein (IV), Oxygen therapy to help your child breathe, Suctioning of their nose and mouth to take out mucus. Typically, most kids feel better and can go home in about 2 to 5 days. If your child’s case is more severe, and they need a machine to help them breathe, it could mean a longer stay — about 4 to 8 days.

• #79 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Wheezing is a whistling sound heard on auscultation and caused by airway obstruction. It occurs during exhalation. Widespread wheeze may be heard in children with bronchiolitis, asthma, and viral-induced wheeze. […] Admission reasons include: Aged under 3 months, Pre-existing condition (e.g., prematurity, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis or Down’s syndrome), Less than 50-75% of their normal fluid intake, Signs of dehydration (e.g., reduced urine output, dry mucus membranes or reduced skin turgor), Respiratory rate above 70, Oxygen saturation below 92%, Persistent severe signs of respiratory distress (e.g., deep recessions or grunting), Apnoeas, Cyanosis, Difficulty managing or seeking medical help from home. […] Management of bronchiolitis involves: Ensuring adequate intake (oral, NG feeds or IV fluids depending on the severity), Saline nasal drops and nasal suctioning may help clear nasal secretions, particularly before feeding, Supplementary oxygen if the oxygen saturations remain below 90% (or 92% if under 6 weeks or high risk), Ventilatory support, if required.

• #80 Pediatric Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519506/

  Infants with tachypnea exceeding 60 breaths per minute or oxygen saturation levels below 92% should be considered for hospitalization and supplemental oxygen. Patients with severe respiratory compromise may benefit from a trial of aerosolized albuterol. […] The prognosis of bronchiolitis is generally favorable, with most infants recovering within 5 to 7 days. Although some studies suggest an increased risk of asthma following bronchiolitis, only a small percentage of affected children develop asthma. A history of recurrent wheezing and a positive family history of asthma, allergies, or atopic dermatitis may increase the likelihood of asthma development in these patients in the future.

• #81 Bronchiolitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-bronchiolitis

  About 3% of children with bronchiolitis need to go to a hospital. If your child does, the treatments may include: Fluid and nutrition given through a tube into a vein (IV), Oxygen therapy to help your child breathe, Suctioning of their nose and mouth to take out mucus. Typically, most kids feel better and can go home in about 2 to 5 days. If your child’s case is more severe, and they need a machine to help them breathe, it could mean a longer stay — about 4 to 8 days.

• #82

  https://www.nuhs.edu.sg/patient-care/find-a-condition/bronchiolitis-children

  Symptoms include: […] The symptoms may worsen over 3 to 5 days before improving. The wheezing may last for more than 7 days and the cough, more than 14 days. […] Children with bronchiolitis usually do not need to be hospitalised unless they are very breathless, need oxygen or are not eating or drinking well. […] Bring your child to the Children’s Emergency immediately if: Your child’s breathing becomes laboured or difficult […] Your child’s breathing is faster than 40 breaths per minute when he or she is not crying […] Your child is lethargic, refuses to eat or drink, is irritable or unusually restless.

• #83 Bronchiolitis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bronchiolitis.html

  Bronchiolitis is an infection of the respiratory tract. It happens when tiny airways called bronchioles get infected with a virus. They swell and fill with mucus, which can make breathing hard. […] The first symptoms of bronchiolitis are usually the same as those of a cold: stuffy nose and congestion, runny nose, cough, fever. […] Usually, symptoms get better on their own. But sometimes the cough might get worse and a child may start wheezing or have trouble breathing. […] Bronchiolitis often is a mild illness. But sometimes it can cause severe symptoms. When it does, kids need treatment in a hospital to get fluids and, sometimes, help with breathing. […] Get medical care right away if your child has trouble breathing. This may look like: fast, shallow breathing, when you see the belly moving up and down quickly; your child is working hard to get breaths in. You may see the areas below the ribs, between the ribs, and/or in the neck sinking in with breathing. […] Bronchiolitis usually lasts about 12 weeks. Sometimes it can take several weeks for symptoms to go away.

• #84 RSV-Bronchiolitis

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/rsv-bronchiolitis/

  Wheezing is the main symptom that helps with diagnosis. Wheezing is a high-pitched purring or whistling sound. […] Rapid breathing at a rate of over 40 breaths per minute. […] Tight breathing (having to work hard to push air out). […] Coughing (may cough up very sticky mucus). […] Fever and a runny nose often start before the breathing problems. […] Symptoms are like asthma. […] Wheezing and rapid breathing most often improve over 2 or 3 days. […] Mild wheezing sounds can last up to 1 week. […] Coughing may last 3 weeks. […] Some children (2%) with bronchiolitis need to be in the hospital. These children need oxygen or fluids given through a vein.

• #85 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Wheezing is a whistling sound heard on auscultation and caused by airway obstruction. It occurs during exhalation. Widespread wheeze may be heard in children with bronchiolitis, asthma, and viral-induced wheeze. […] Admission reasons include: Aged under 3 months, Pre-existing condition (e.g., prematurity, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis or Down’s syndrome), Less than 50-75% of their normal fluid intake, Signs of dehydration (e.g., reduced urine output, dry mucus membranes or reduced skin turgor), Respiratory rate above 70, Oxygen saturation below 92%, Persistent severe signs of respiratory distress (e.g., deep recessions or grunting), Apnoeas, Cyanosis, Difficulty managing or seeking medical help from home. […] Management of bronchiolitis involves: Ensuring adequate intake (oral, NG feeds or IV fluids depending on the severity), Saline nasal drops and nasal suctioning may help clear nasal secretions, particularly before feeding, Supplementary oxygen if the oxygen saturations remain below 90% (or 92% if under 6 weeks or high risk), Ventilatory support, if required.

• #86 Bronchiolitis – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/respiratory/bronchiolitis/

  Respiratory support may be required in severe bronchiolitis. These can be stepped up as required: Low-flow oxygen (e.g., 2 litres via nasal cannula), High-flow humidified oxygen via a tight nasal cannula (e.g., “Airvo” or “Optiflow”), Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), Intubation and ventilation. […] Signs of inadequate ventilation include: Rising pCO2 (severe airway obstruction reduces the clearance of carbon dioxide), Falling pH (rising carbon dioxide causes respiratory acidosis).

• #87 Bronchiolitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchiolitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351571

  Your child’s health care provider can usually diagnose bronchiolitis by the symptoms and listening to your child’s lungs with a stethoscope. […] Bronchiolitis usually lasts for 1 to 2 weeks but symptoms occasionally last longer. Most children with bronchiolitis can be cared for at home with comfort measures. It’s important to be alert for problems with breathing that are getting worse. For example, struggling for each breath, not being able to speak or cry because of struggling to breathe, or making grunting noises with each breath. […] A small number of children may need a stay in the hospital. Your child may receive oxygen through a face mask to get enough oxygen into the blood. Your child also may get fluids through a vein to prevent dehydration. In severe cases, a tube may be guided into the windpipe to help breathing.

• #88 Bronchiolitis | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis usually starts as a cold. […] Ppi with bronchiolitis: cough, breathe harder and faster, have noisy breathing, and may have a fever. […] Symptoms can last for several days. […] Bronchiolitis is usually a mild illness. […] Some ppi may need to go to hospital if they need oxygen or can’t feed. […] Bronchiolitis often starts as a cold, with a runny nose. […] The second or third day of the chesty part of the illness is usually the worst. […] Bronchiolitis can last for several days. The cough often lasts for 10 to 14 days but it may last as long as a month. […] Most ppi with bronchiolitis get better by themselves without any special medical treatment. […] Ppi with more serious bronchiolitis may need to go to hospital. Sometimes ppi need help with their breathing. This might include extra oxygen through small soft plastic tubes that fit into your baby’s nose. […] If your baby is not feeding enough, they may need feeding through a nasogastric tube or fluids through an intravenous drip.

• #89 Bronchiolitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/lung/what-is-bronchiolitis

  About 3% of children with bronchiolitis need to go to a hospital. If your child does, the treatments may include: Fluid and nutrition given through a tube into a vein (IV), Oxygen therapy to help your child breathe, Suctioning of their nose and mouth to take out mucus. Typically, most kids feel better and can go home in about 2 to 5 days. If your child’s case is more severe, and they need a machine to help them breathe, it could mean a longer stay — about 4 to 8 days.

• #90 Bronchiolitis | What Parents Need to Know

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bronchiolitis-facts

  Bronchiolitis usually begins as a cold, often with symptoms of fever, runny nose or nasal stuffiness, and poor appetite or difficulty with sucking in infants. […] After two to four days, the virus spreads to the bronchioles, causing irritation and narrowing of these air passages. This results in a whistling sound (wheeze) when breathing out. […] Bronchiolitis is usually mild, and the child gets better after three or four days. However, sometimes the infection is more serious and admission to a hospital is required. […] Very few babies with bronchiolitis stay in the hospital more than two to three days. They usually go home when: Breathing is slower and easier, They are eating well, Any medicines or oxygen, if still needed, can be given at home, There is someone in the home who can use a nasal bulb suction, Your baby’s doctor is comfortable with and agrees to all of the discharge plans, A follow-up appointment with the doctor has been arranged, And, most importantly, you are comfortable that your baby is ready for discharge. […] It is normal for your child to have symptoms for a few days after discharge. Wheezing usually gets better in two to five days. Stuffy nose and cough may last another one to two weeks. Sleeping and eating routines may not return to normal for four to seven days.

• #91 Bronchiolitis | What Parents Need to Know

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/b/bronchiolitis-facts

  Bronchiolitis usually begins as a cold, often with symptoms of fever, runny nose or nasal stuffiness, and poor appetite or difficulty with sucking in infants. […] After two to four days, the virus spreads to the bronchioles, causing irritation and narrowing of these air passages. This results in a whistling sound (wheeze) when breathing out. […] Bronchiolitis is usually mild, and the child gets better after three or four days. However, sometimes the infection is more serious and admission to a hospital is required. […] Very few babies with bronchiolitis stay in the hospital more than two to three days. They usually go home when: Breathing is slower and easier, They are eating well, Any medicines or oxygen, if still needed, can be given at home, There is someone in the home who can use a nasal bulb suction, Your baby’s doctor is comfortable with and agrees to all of the discharge plans, A follow-up appointment with the doctor has been arranged, And, most importantly, you are comfortable that your baby is ready for discharge. […] It is normal for your child to have symptoms for a few days after discharge. Wheezing usually gets better in two to five days. Stuffy nose and cough may last another one to two weeks. Sleeping and eating routines may not return to normal for four to seven days.

• #92 Bronchiolitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/bronchiolitis-pro

  Very young babies may present with apnoea alone, with no other signs. […] Prognosis […] Most children with bronchiolitis make a full recovery. […] The illness is typically self-limiting, lasting 3-7 days. The cough settles within three weeks in most. […] Bronchiolitis is more likely to be severe in children with chronic lung disease, who are under 3 months of age or who were born 32 weeks of gestation. […] There is an association with long-term respiratory conditions such as asthma but it is not known if there is causality. […] Death from bronchiolitis is uncommon. In England there are around 70 deaths per year due to bronchiolitis. Most deaths occur in infants younger than 6 months or in those with underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease.

• #93 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Most children diagnosed with bronchiolitis feel better within one week. Their breathing may improve after a few days, and most symptoms should clear up after about a week. Rarely, mild symptoms may persist for another week or two. Your child may cough for up to a month. […] Your child may have symptoms for up to a week if they have bronchiolitis. During their illness, they may have trouble eating full meals or lose their appetite. […] If your child has symptoms that dont improve after one week or get worse, contact their healthcare provider. If your child has trouble breathing, contact emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately. […] Some children develop asthma as they grow if they had bronchiolitis when they were infants. While less common, some children may develop pneumonia after bronchiolitis.

• #94 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/bronchiolitis/

  Symptoms are usually worst on the second or third day, and your baby may be sick for up to 10 days. Their cough may continue for up to four weeks. […] Most babies with bronchiolitis can be treated at home after seeing a doctor. You can care for your baby as follows: Let your baby have plenty of rest. Give them more frequent breastfeeds, or smaller amounts of formula more often. This will keep them from becoming too tired when feeding, and will make sure they do not become dehydrated. […] You should go back to see your GP if your baby has bronchiolitis and: they have a cough that is getting worse, they have less than half their normal feeds or are refusing drinks, they seem very tired or are more sleepy than usual, you are worried for any reason. […] Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection, caused by a virus, that affects babies up to 12 months old. Babies are usually sick for seven to 10 days. They are infectious in the first few days of illness. […] Seek medical attention if your baby is having trouble breathing, feeding or drinking.

• #95 Bronchiolitis and Lower Respiratory Infections in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis usually lasts several weeks. Symptoms usually get worse for the first three to five days as the infection moves from the nose into the lungs. It may be a gradual two weeks or longer until the infection is gone, and symptoms may go up and down. […] A child with bronchiolitis will have a lot of mucus in their nose and lungs. While each child may experience different symptoms, the most common symptoms of bronchiolitis include: Common cold symptoms, including a runny nose and congestion; Fever, which is a sign of the body fighting the infection; Harsh cough that often gets worse as the condition progresses because of the swelling of the breathing tubes; Changes in breathing patterns (the child may breathe fast or hard; you may hear wheezing or a high-pitched sound); Decreased appetite (infants may not eat well); Fussiness; Vomiting, especially after coughing.

• #96 Bronchiolitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bronchiolitis/

  Bronchiolitis is a common chest infection that affects babies and children under 2. It’s usually mild and can be treated at home, but it can be serious. […] The early symptoms of bronchiolitis are similar to a cold, such as sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, a cough and a slightly high temperature of 38C. A child with bronchiolitis may then get other symptoms, such as: breathing more quickly, finding it difficult to feed or eat, noisy breathing (wheezing), becoming irritable. Symptoms are usually worst between days 3 and 5, and the cough usually gets better in 3 weeks. […] But it can be serious in some children, who may need to be treated in hospital. […] Some children may have a higher risk of getting seriously ill with bronchiolitis. This includes children who: were born very prematurely, have a heart or lung condition, have a weakened immune system.

• #97 Bronchiolitis – Pediatrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-disorders-in-young-children/bronchiolitis

  Bronchiolitis is an acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract affecting infants 24 months. It is characterized by respiratory distress, wheezing, and/or crackles. […] Typically, an affected infant has symptoms of upper respiratory infection. Some infants have progressively increasing respiratory distress characterized by tachypnea, retractions, and a wheezy or hacking cough. […] Prognosis is excellent. Most children recover in 3 to 5 days without sequelae, although wheezing and cough may continue for 2 to 4 weeks. Mortality is 0.1% when medical care is adequate.

• #98 Bronchiolitis Causes & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8272-bronchiolitis

  Most children diagnosed with bronchiolitis feel better within one week. Their breathing may improve after a few days, and most symptoms should clear up after about a week. Rarely, mild symptoms may persist for another week or two. Your child may cough for up to a month. […] Your child may have symptoms for up to a week if they have bronchiolitis. During their illness, they may have trouble eating full meals or lose their appetite. […] If your child has symptoms that dont improve after one week or get worse, contact their healthcare provider. If your child has trouble breathing, contact emergency services or visit the emergency room immediately. […] Some children develop asthma as they grow if they had bronchiolitis when they were infants. While less common, some children may develop pneumonia after bronchiolitis.

• #99 Bronchiolitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441959/

  Bronchiolitis is a common lung infection in young individuals. The viral infection involves the lower respiratory tract and can present with signs of mild to moderate respiratory distress. Bronchiolitis is a mild, self-limited infection in the majority of children but may sometimes progress to respiratory failure in infants. […] The most common cause is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis is managed supportively with hydration and oxygen. No specific medications treat the infection. […] Once RSV is acquired, the symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection appear and include a cough, fever, and rhinorrhea. Within 48 to 72 hours, the acute infection involving the lower airways will become evident. During the acute stage, the infant may develop small airway obstruction that leads to symptoms of respiratory distress. The physical exam will reveal crackles, wheezing, and rhonchi. The severity of respiratory distress may vary from infant to infant. Some infants may have mild disease with only tachypnea, but others may show severe retractions, grunting, and cyanosis. The course of the illness may last 7 to 10 days, and the infant may become irritable and not feed. However, most infants improve within 14 to 21 days, as long as they are well hydrated.

• #100 Bronchiolitis Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/bronchiolitis/symptoms-diagnosis-treatment

  When symptoms of bronchiolitis first occur, they are usually similar to that of a common cold. Runny nose, fever, stuffy nose, loss of appetite and cough are the first signs of the infection. Symptoms may worsen after a few days and may include wheezing, shortness of breath, and worsening of the cough. […] Young children who get very sick may have trouble breathing and trouble swallowing. You should consult your doctor if your child shows signs of trouble breathing, dehydration such as dry mouth, crying without tears, or producing less urine than normal. If your child experiences severe symptoms like blue lips or skin, pauses in breathing or respiratory failure, call 911 immediately.

• #101 Bronchiolitis in Adults & Babies: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lungs-breathing-and-respiration/bronchiolitis

  While not common, some children with bronchiolitis develop a fever too. […] In some cases, bronchiolitis can be life-threatening. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if you, or someone you are with, have any of these life-threatening symptoms including: Audible wheezing (high-pitched sound when exhaling), Change in skin color (pale, blue tinted lips or fingernail beds, due to lack of freshly oxygenated blood), Labored breathing (skin on the chest retracts with each breath), Nostrils flaring with each breath, Shallow, fast breathing. […] In cases of babies and young children, other serious signs to watch for include: Decrease in urine output (fewer soiled diapers, for example), Inability to feed due to fast breathing, Increase in fussiness, Lethargic or difficult to stimulate, Not waking for feedings.

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