Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Orchitis – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/penile-and-scrotal-disorders/orchitis

  Orchitis is infection of the testes, typically with mumps virus. Symptoms are testicular pain and swelling. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment is symptomatic. Antibiotics are given only if bacterial infection is identified. […] Orchitis develops in 20 to 25% of males with mumps; 80% of cases occur in patients 10 years. […] Fertility is diminished in one fourth of men after unilateral mumps orchitis and in two thirds of men who have had bilateral disease. […] Supportive care with analgesics and hot or cold packs is sufficient if bacterial infection has been ruled out. Bacterial infections (usually causing epididymo-orchitis) are treated with appropriate antibiotics. […] Urologic follow-up is recommended.

• #2 Orchitis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/orchitis

  Orchitis is swelling (inflammation) of one or both of the testicles. […] Treatment may include: Antibiotics, if the infection is caused by bacteria. (In the case of gonorrhea or chlamydia, sexual partners must also be treated.) […] Getting the right diagnosis and treatment for orchitis caused by bacteria can most often allow the testicle to recover normally. […] Orchitis may also cause infertility. […] See your health care provider for an exam if you have testicle problems. […] Things you can do to prevent the problem include: Get vaccinated against mumps.

• #3 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Epididymitis and orchitis are commonly seen in the outpatient setting. Men with epididymitis and orchitis typically present with a gradual onset of scrotal pain and symptoms of lower urinary tract infection, including fever. Typical physical findings include a swollen, tender epididymis or testis located in the normal anatomic position with an intact ipsilateral cremasteric reflex. Laboratory studies, including urethral Gram stain, urinalysis and culture, and polymerase chain reaction assay for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, help guide therapy. Initial outpatient therapy is empirical and targets the most common pathogens. […] Epididymitis and orchitis are inflammation of the epididymis and testes, respectively, with or without infection. These conditions can be subclassified as acute, subacute, or chronic based on symptom duration. Orchitis usually occurs when the inflammation from the epididymis spreads to the adjacent testicle.

• #4 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Most patients with epididymitis and orchitis can be treated in an outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] If epididymitis is thought to be caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, treatment should include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. Patients should be advised of possible complications, including sepsis, abscess, infertility, and extension of the infection. Epididymitis and orchitis usually can be treated in the outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] Orchitis treatment is mostly supportive and should include bed rest and the use of hot or cold packs for pain. Antibacterial medications are not indicated for the treatment of viral orchitis, and most cases of mumps-associated orchitis resolve spontaneously after three to 10 days. Epididymoorchitis requires appropriate antibiotic coverage, as with epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass.

• #5 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Epididymitis and orchitis are commonly seen in the outpatient setting. Men with epididymitis and orchitis typically present with a gradual onset of scrotal pain and symptoms of lower urinary tract infection, including fever. Typical physical findings include a swollen, tender epididymis or testis located in the normal anatomic position with an intact ipsilateral cremasteric reflex. Laboratory studies, including urethral Gram stain, urinalysis and culture, and polymerase chain reaction assay for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, help guide therapy. Initial outpatient therapy is empirical and targets the most common pathogens. […] Epididymitis and orchitis are inflammation of the epididymis and testes, respectively, with or without infection. These conditions can be subclassified as acute, subacute, or chronic based on symptom duration. Orchitis usually occurs when the inflammation from the epididymis spreads to the adjacent testicle.

• #6 Orchitis – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/orchitis-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Orchitis is an inflammation caused in one or both testicles. It can be the result of a bacterial infection. The mumps virus can also cause orchitis. […] If orchitis is associated with inflammation of the epididymis (the coiled tube at the back of the testicles which is responsible for storing and carrying the sperm), it is called epididymal-orchitis. It is painful and can cause infertility in men. […] If not treated on time, orchitis can lead to several complications, such as testicular atrophy, where the affected testicle begins to shrink. Untreated orchitis can lead to scrotal abscess where pus fills the infected tissue. In certain cases, it can lead to hypogonadism or inadequate testosterone production. […] The symptoms are: Swelling in one or both testicles, Pain ranging from mild to severe, Fever, Nausea and vomiting, A general feeling of un-wellness (malaise), Tenderness or infection in the scrotum, Pain while ejaculating, Pain while urinating, Blood in your semen, Abnormal discharge, Swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

• #7 Orchitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orchitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375865

  Your healthcare professional starts with your medical history and a physical exam. The exam checks for enlarged lymph nodes in your groin and an enlarged testicle on the affected side. You also might have a rectal exam to check for prostate enlargement or tenderness. […] Treatment depends on the cause of orchitis. […] Antibiotics treat bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, your sexual partner also needs treatment. […] Take all the antibiotics your healthcare professional prescribes, even if your symptoms ease sooner. This is to make sure that the infection is gone. […] Your scrotum may be tender for several weeks or months after treatment. Rest, support the scrotum with an athletic strap, apply cold packs and take medicine to help relieve pain.

• #8 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Epididymitis and orchitis are commonly seen in the outpatient setting. Men with epididymitis and orchitis typically present with a gradual onset of scrotal pain and symptoms of lower urinary tract infection, including fever. Typical physical findings include a swollen, tender epididymis or testis located in the normal anatomic position with an intact ipsilateral cremasteric reflex. Laboratory studies, including urethral Gram stain, urinalysis and culture, and polymerase chain reaction assay for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, help guide therapy. Initial outpatient therapy is empirical and targets the most common pathogens. […] Epididymitis and orchitis are inflammation of the epididymis and testes, respectively, with or without infection. These conditions can be subclassified as acute, subacute, or chronic based on symptom duration. Orchitis usually occurs when the inflammation from the epididymis spreads to the adjacent testicle.

• #9 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Most patients with epididymitis and orchitis can be treated in an outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] If epididymitis is thought to be caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, treatment should include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. Patients should be advised of possible complications, including sepsis, abscess, infertility, and extension of the infection. Epididymitis and orchitis usually can be treated in the outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] Orchitis treatment is mostly supportive and should include bed rest and the use of hot or cold packs for pain. Antibacterial medications are not indicated for the treatment of viral orchitis, and most cases of mumps-associated orchitis resolve spontaneously after three to 10 days. Epididymoorchitis requires appropriate antibiotic coverage, as with epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass.

• #10 Orchitis Treatment & Management: Emergency Department Care, Medical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/777456-treatment

  Supportive treatment includes the following: […] Follow-up care with a urologist is appropriate for an uncomplicated presentation of orchitis. […] Supportive therapy includes the following: […] Treatment can usually be performed as an outpatient with close follow-up. Indications for admission include the following:

• #11 Orchitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orchitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375865

  Your healthcare professional starts with your medical history and a physical exam. The exam checks for enlarged lymph nodes in your groin and an enlarged testicle on the affected side. You also might have a rectal exam to check for prostate enlargement or tenderness. […] Treatment depends on the cause of orchitis. […] Antibiotics treat bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, your sexual partner also needs treatment. […] Take all the antibiotics your healthcare professional prescribes, even if your symptoms ease sooner. This is to make sure that the infection is gone. […] Your scrotum may be tender for several weeks or months after treatment. Rest, support the scrotum with an athletic strap, apply cold packs and take medicine to help relieve pain.

• #12 Orchitis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/orchitis

  Orchitis may cause pain and swelling. It is typically treated with supportive underwear, cold packs, medicines called anti-inflammatories and, in some instances, medicines called antibiotics. But it can take several weeks or even months for tenderness in the scrotum to go away. […] Most often, orchitis gets better with supportive care. It can take several weeks or months before the pain and swelling go away. Rarely, complications of orchitis may include: […] To help prevent orchitis: […] Treatment depends on the cause of orchitis. […] Antibiotics treat bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, your sexual partner also needs treatment. […] Treatment aims to ease symptoms. You might: […] Most people with orchitis start to feel better in 3 to 10 days. But it can take a few weeks for the scrotum to stop being tender. Sometimes, the pain and swelling can last for several months. […] To ease discomfort: […] You might be sent to a specialist in urinary issues, called a urologist. Here’s some information to help you get ready for your appointment.

• #13 Orchitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orchitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375865

  Your healthcare professional starts with your medical history and a physical exam. The exam checks for enlarged lymph nodes in your groin and an enlarged testicle on the affected side. You also might have a rectal exam to check for prostate enlargement or tenderness. […] Treatment depends on the cause of orchitis. […] Antibiotics treat bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, your sexual partner also needs treatment. […] Take all the antibiotics your healthcare professional prescribes, even if your symptoms ease sooner. This is to make sure that the infection is gone. […] Your scrotum may be tender for several weeks or months after treatment. Rest, support the scrotum with an athletic strap, apply cold packs and take medicine to help relieve pain.

• #14 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Most patients with epididymitis and orchitis can be treated in an outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] If epididymitis is thought to be caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, treatment should include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. Patients should be advised of possible complications, including sepsis, abscess, infertility, and extension of the infection. Epididymitis and orchitis usually can be treated in the outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] Orchitis treatment is mostly supportive and should include bed rest and the use of hot or cold packs for pain. Antibacterial medications are not indicated for the treatment of viral orchitis, and most cases of mumps-associated orchitis resolve spontaneously after three to 10 days. Epididymoorchitis requires appropriate antibiotic coverage, as with epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass.

• #15 Orchitis – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Orchitis

  Viral orchitis (mumps): supportive care, cold packs, scrotal elevation, analgesia. […] Bacterial orchitis (epididymo-orchitis): 35yo (assume sexually transmitted): Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1 AND Doxycycline 100mg PO BID x14 days OR Azithromycin 1gm x1. […] Also treat sexual partner. […] 35yo, NO history of anal intercourse and NOT sexually active: Ofloxacin 300mg PO BID x14 days OR levofloxacin 500mg QD x10 days OR ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x14 days. […] IV: piperacillin/tazobactam 3.375g IV q6 or ampicillin/sulbactam 3g IV q6. […] Generally may be discharged home.

• #16 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Most patients with epididymitis and orchitis can be treated in an outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] If epididymitis is thought to be caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, treatment should include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. Patients should be advised of possible complications, including sepsis, abscess, infertility, and extension of the infection. Epididymitis and orchitis usually can be treated in the outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] Orchitis treatment is mostly supportive and should include bed rest and the use of hot or cold packs for pain. Antibacterial medications are not indicated for the treatment of viral orchitis, and most cases of mumps-associated orchitis resolve spontaneously after three to 10 days. Epididymoorchitis requires appropriate antibiotic coverage, as with epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass.

• #17 Orchitis – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/penile-and-scrotal-disorders/orchitis

  Orchitis is infection of the testes, typically with mumps virus. Symptoms are testicular pain and swelling. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment is symptomatic. Antibiotics are given only if bacterial infection is identified. […] Orchitis develops in 20 to 25% of males with mumps; 80% of cases occur in patients 10 years. […] Fertility is diminished in one fourth of men after unilateral mumps orchitis and in two thirds of men who have had bilateral disease. […] Supportive care with analgesics and hot or cold packs is sufficient if bacterial infection has been ruled out. Bacterial infections (usually causing epididymo-orchitis) are treated with appropriate antibiotics. […] Urologic follow-up is recommended.

• #18 Orchitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orchitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375865

  Treatment aims to ease symptoms. You might: […] Rest in bed with your scrotum raised. […] Use cold packs. […] Most people with orchitis start to feel better in 3 to 10 days. But it can take a few weeks for the scrotum to stop being tender. Sometimes, the pain and swelling can last for several months. […] To ease discomfort: […] Rest in bed. […] Lie down so that your scrotum is raised. […] Put cold packs on your scrotum. […] Don’t lift heavy objects.

• #19 Orchitis: Practice Essentials, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/777456-overview

  Orchitis is an acute inflammatory reaction of the testis secondary to infection. […] Supportive treatment includes bed rest, hot or cold packs for analgesia, and scrotal elevation. […] With appropriate antibiotic coverage, most cases of bacterial orchitis resolve without complication. […] If torsion is likely, urologic consultation is necessary for surgical exploration. […] In cases of significant hydrocele, urologic consultation is necessary.

• #20 Orchitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/orchitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375865

  Treatment aims to ease symptoms. You might: […] Rest in bed with your scrotum raised. […] Use cold packs. […] Most people with orchitis start to feel better in 3 to 10 days. But it can take a few weeks for the scrotum to stop being tender. Sometimes, the pain and swelling can last for several months. […] To ease discomfort: […] Rest in bed. […] Lie down so that your scrotum is raised. […] Put cold packs on your scrotum. […] Don’t lift heavy objects.

• #21 Orchitis | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/orchitis

  Orchitis may cause pain and swelling. It is typically treated with supportive underwear, cold packs, medicines called anti-inflammatories and, in some instances, medicines called antibiotics. But it can take several weeks or even months for tenderness in the scrotum to go away. […] Most often, orchitis gets better with supportive care. It can take several weeks or months before the pain and swelling go away. Rarely, complications of orchitis may include: […] To help prevent orchitis: […] Treatment depends on the cause of orchitis. […] Antibiotics treat bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, your sexual partner also needs treatment. […] Treatment aims to ease symptoms. You might: […] Most people with orchitis start to feel better in 3 to 10 days. But it can take a few weeks for the scrotum to stop being tender. Sometimes, the pain and swelling can last for several months. […] To ease discomfort: […] You might be sent to a specialist in urinary issues, called a urologist. Here’s some information to help you get ready for your appointment.

• #22 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Orchitis is the inflammation of the testis and is usually unilateral. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of orchitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Explain the importance of care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the care of patients with orchitis. […] The management of orchitis is usually on an outpatient basis; severe complications are rare. The condition still merits the involvement of an interprofessional healthcare team. […] Urology nurses are involved in the administration of treatment, patient education, and reporting back to the team. Pharmacists check medication dosage, interactions, assist the clinician with antimicrobial therapy selection, and also provide patient education. These types of interprofessional team collaboration can improve patient outcomes in cases of orchitis.

• #23 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Orchitis is the inflammation of the testis and is usually unilateral. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of orchitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Explain the importance of care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the care of patients with orchitis. […] The management of orchitis is usually on an outpatient basis; severe complications are rare. The condition still merits the involvement of an interprofessional healthcare team. […] Urology nurses are involved in the administration of treatment, patient education, and reporting back to the team. Pharmacists check medication dosage, interactions, assist the clinician with antimicrobial therapy selection, and also provide patient education. These types of interprofessional team collaboration can improve patient outcomes in cases of orchitis.

• #24 Orchitis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/orchitis-232901738/232901738

  Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles that is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Common causes include mumps, STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhea, and infections that spread from other parts of the body through the bloodstream. Symptoms include pain, swelling and tenderness in one or both testicles. Diagnosis involves physical examination and tests to check for infection. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, scrotal support and rest. Complications can include infertility, testicular atrophy and chronic pain if left untreated. Prevention involves vaccination against mumps and safe sex practices. […] Nursing Management: Pain medication and bed rest with the scrotum elevated on an ice pack. Patient educated to reduce discomfort from gonodal swelling and alleviate systemic symptoms. During the acute phase of gonodal swelling, the scrotum may be supported with scrotal bridge or folded towel. Rest and an increased fluid intake are encouraged for all patients. Warm or cold compression may be applied to reduce swelling and increase is under control. Local heat or sitz bath later infection may hasten resolution of the inflammatory process. […] Getting vaccinated against mumps will prevent mumps-associated orchitis. Safer sex behaviors, such as having only one partner at a time (monogamy) and condom use, will decrease the chance of developing orchitis as a result of a STI.

• #25 Epididymitis and Orchitis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.epididymitis-and-orchitis-care-instructions.ut2026

  Orchitis is pain and swelling of the testicle. […] Anti-inflammatory or pain medicines can help with the pain. […] Your testicle may stay swollen for many days or even a few weeks. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. […] Limit your activity to what is comfortable, and avoid strenuous activity or heavy lifting. […] Wear snug underwear or an athletic supporter. This can help reduce pain. […] Apply either cold or heat to the swollen area. Use the one that works best for your pain. […] If you have been told that an STI may have caused your condition, do not have sex until your doctor says it is safe. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if your pain gets worse. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you do not get better as expected.

• #26 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Orchitis is the inflammation of the testis and is usually unilateral. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of orchitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Explain the importance of care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the care of patients with orchitis. […] The management of orchitis is usually on an outpatient basis; severe complications are rare. The condition still merits the involvement of an interprofessional healthcare team. […] Urology nurses are involved in the administration of treatment, patient education, and reporting back to the team. Pharmacists check medication dosage, interactions, assist the clinician with antimicrobial therapy selection, and also provide patient education. These types of interprofessional team collaboration can improve patient outcomes in cases of orchitis.

• #27 Orchitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment

  https://www.novaivffertility.com/fertility-help/orchitis

  Orchitis requires proper medical care. If you suspect that you are suffering from this condition, make sure to consult a doctor immediately. […] Generally, full recovery from orchitis is possible if the treatment starts before the condition reaches an extreme stage. The doctor may also ask the patient to undergo a re-evaluation at the end of the treatment to be sure that you have healed completely and there is no possibility of the infection to return. […] You are recommended to do the following to aid your recovery process: Application of ice packs and a heating pad in alternate sequence, Give your body proper rest, Take medicine for orchitis recommended by your doctor according to the instructions, Wear supportive underwear or a jockstrap to support the scrotal area and restrict unnecessary movement.

• #28 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Most patients with epididymitis and orchitis can be treated in an outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] If epididymitis is thought to be caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, treatment should include ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. Patients should be advised of possible complications, including sepsis, abscess, infertility, and extension of the infection. Epididymitis and orchitis usually can be treated in the outpatient setting with close follow-up. […] Orchitis treatment is mostly supportive and should include bed rest and the use of hot or cold packs for pain. Antibacterial medications are not indicated for the treatment of viral orchitis, and most cases of mumps-associated orchitis resolve spontaneously after three to 10 days. Epididymoorchitis requires appropriate antibiotic coverage, as with epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass.

• #29 Inflammation of the Testicle (Orchitis)

  https://www.webmd.com/men/inflammation-testicle-orchitis

  Orchitis is inflammation of one or both of a mans testicles, usually because of an infection. […] Most cases of orchitis — and epididymo-orchitis — need antibiotics to cure the infection and prevent its spread. […] Home care, along with the right medical treatment, can help ease the symptoms of orchitis. […] See your doctor again at the end of your antibiotic treatment to make sure youre healed. Call your doctor or go to the emergency room if symptoms get worse at any time during treatment. […] Without treatment, orchitis can lead to serious health issues like: The affected testicle can shrink (testicular atrophy). […] You can do a few things to lower your chances of orchitis: Dont have sex in high-risk situations where you may be exposed to STDs. […] The longer you put off treatment, the more likely you are to have long-term damage.

• #30 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21658-orchitis

  Orchitis causes pain and swelling in one or both of your testicles. Treatment usually involves antibiotics. At-home care can also help relieve symptoms. You can help prevent orchitis by getting vaccines and using protection during sexual intercourse. […] Getting rid of orchitis depends on its exact cause. In Treatment options may include: Antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacterial infections. If an STI causes orchitis, your sexual partners must also receive treatment. If they dont, you may continue passing the STI to each other. […] Without treatment, you’re more likely to have complications or long-term damage, including severe illness, infertility or the loss of a testicle. […] You can reduce your chances of developing orchitis by getting the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and wearing condoms during sexual intercourse. […] With proper diagnosis and treatment, the outlook for orchitis is good. Infertility and other long-term problems are rare.

• #31 Orchitis: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001280.htm

  Orchitis is swelling (inflammation) of one or both of the testicles. […] Treatment may include: Antibiotics, if the infection is caused by bacteria. (In the case of gonorrhea or chlamydia, sexual partners must also be treated.) Anti-inflammatory medicines. Pain medicines. Bed rest with the scrotum elevated and ice packs applied to the area. […] Getting the right diagnosis and treatment for orchitis caused by bacteria can most often allow the testicle to recover normally. […] You will need further testing to rule out testicular cancer if the testicle does not completely return to normal after treatment. […] Orchitis may also cause infertility. […] See your health care provider for an exam if you have testicle problems. […] Get emergency medical help if you have sudden pain in the testicle. […] Things you can do to prevent the problem include: Get vaccinated against mumps. Practice safer sex behaviors to decrease your risk for STIs.

• #32 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21658-orchitis

  Orchitis causes pain and swelling in one or both of your testicles. Treatment usually involves antibiotics. At-home care can also help relieve symptoms. You can help prevent orchitis by getting vaccines and using protection during sexual intercourse. […] Getting rid of orchitis depends on its exact cause. In Treatment options may include: Antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacterial infections. If an STI causes orchitis, your sexual partners must also receive treatment. If they dont, you may continue passing the STI to each other. […] Without treatment, you’re more likely to have complications or long-term damage, including severe illness, infertility or the loss of a testicle. […] You can reduce your chances of developing orchitis by getting the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and wearing condoms during sexual intercourse. […] With proper diagnosis and treatment, the outlook for orchitis is good. Infertility and other long-term problems are rare.

• #33 Acute Orchitis

  https://fpnotebook.com/Uro/Testes/ActOrchts.htm

  Sudden onset of Testicular Pain […] High fever […] Nausea or Vomiting […] Enlarged Testis […] Indurated and tender on testicular palpation […] Relative rest […] Scrotal support […] Local Ice Therapy […] NSAIDs […] Specific antimicrobial therapy where indicated […] Mumps Orchitis confers 4% risk of sterility […] Testes may become atrophic […] Androgenic function usually maintained.

• #34 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21658-orchitis

  Orchitis causes pain and swelling in one or both of your testicles. Treatment usually involves antibiotics. At-home care can also help relieve symptoms. You can help prevent orchitis by getting vaccines and using protection during sexual intercourse. […] Getting rid of orchitis depends on its exact cause. In Treatment options may include: Antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacterial infections. If an STI causes orchitis, your sexual partners must also receive treatment. If they dont, you may continue passing the STI to each other. […] Without treatment, you’re more likely to have complications or long-term damage, including severe illness, infertility or the loss of a testicle. […] You can reduce your chances of developing orchitis by getting the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and wearing condoms during sexual intercourse. […] With proper diagnosis and treatment, the outlook for orchitis is good. Infertility and other long-term problems are rare.

• #35 Orchitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/orchitis

  Orchitis may be caused by an infection. Many types of bacteria and viruses can cause this condition. […] Treatment may include: Antibiotics, if the infection is caused by bacteria. (In the case of gonorrhea or chlamydia, sexual partners must also be treated.) Anti-inflammatory medicines. Pain medicines. Bed rest with the scrotum elevated and ice packs applied to the area. […] See your health care provider for an exam if you have testicle problems. Get emergency medical help if you have sudden pain in the testicle. […] Things you can do to prevent the problem include: Get vaccinated against mumps. Practice safer sex behaviors to decrease your risk for STIs.

• #36 Orchitis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/orchitis-232901738/232901738

  Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles that is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Common causes include mumps, STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhea, and infections that spread from other parts of the body through the bloodstream. Symptoms include pain, swelling and tenderness in one or both testicles. Diagnosis involves physical examination and tests to check for infection. Treatment focuses on antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, scrotal support and rest. Complications can include infertility, testicular atrophy and chronic pain if left untreated. Prevention involves vaccination against mumps and safe sex practices. […] Nursing Management: Pain medication and bed rest with the scrotum elevated on an ice pack. Patient educated to reduce discomfort from gonodal swelling and alleviate systemic symptoms. During the acute phase of gonodal swelling, the scrotum may be supported with scrotal bridge or folded towel. Rest and an increased fluid intake are encouraged for all patients. Warm or cold compression may be applied to reduce swelling and increase is under control. Local heat or sitz bath later infection may hasten resolution of the inflammatory process. […] Getting vaccinated against mumps will prevent mumps-associated orchitis. Safer sex behaviors, such as having only one partner at a time (monogamy) and condom use, will decrease the chance of developing orchitis as a result of a STI.

• #37 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Orchitis is the inflammation of the testis and is usually unilateral. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of orchitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Explain the importance of care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the care of patients with orchitis. […] The management of orchitis is usually on an outpatient basis; severe complications are rare. The condition still merits the involvement of an interprofessional healthcare team. […] Urology nurses are involved in the administration of treatment, patient education, and reporting back to the team. Pharmacists check medication dosage, interactions, assist the clinician with antimicrobial therapy selection, and also provide patient education. These types of interprofessional team collaboration can improve patient outcomes in cases of orchitis.

• #38 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Orchitis is the inflammation of the testis and is usually unilateral. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of orchitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Explain the importance of care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the care of patients with orchitis. […] The management of orchitis is usually on an outpatient basis; severe complications are rare. The condition still merits the involvement of an interprofessional healthcare team. […] Urology nurses are involved in the administration of treatment, patient education, and reporting back to the team. Pharmacists check medication dosage, interactions, assist the clinician with antimicrobial therapy selection, and also provide patient education. These types of interprofessional team collaboration can improve patient outcomes in cases of orchitis.

• #39 A No-Nonsense Guide to Testicular Infections: Epididymitis & Orchitis

  https://www.greaterbostonurology.com/blog/a-no-nonsense-guide-to-testicular-infections

  This one involves the whole entire testicle as it gets inflamed and swollen. It can feel like a heavy, throbbing mass, and the pain can be intense. Fever, nausea, and vomiting might join the party too. The skin can and usually does get red and tender to the touch. Even wearing underwear may be painful. (No shame in going commando!) […] So, what do you do if your boys are throwing a tantrum? Don’t panic! Most testicular infections are treatable with antibiotics and some TLC. […] Here’s the game plan: See a doctor: They’ll figure out what’s causing the ruckus and get you the right meds. Rest up: Give your boys a break from bouncing around. Ice or heat: Cold packs can help ease the swelling and pain; warm packs may make the pain a little better. Use whatever works best for you. Support your sack: Scrotal support or tight, spandex, athletic underwear can take some pressure off. When the scrotum and testis are hanging low, gravity takes over causing more swelling. It also stretches the nerves that go to the testis causing more pain. Anti-inflammatory medications: ibuprofen and naproxen are helpful in calming down your boys and making pain a little better until you see a doc. Stay hydrated: This helps flush out the bad guys.

• #40 A No-Nonsense Guide to Testicular Infections: Epididymitis & Orchitis

  https://www.greaterbostonurology.com/blog/a-no-nonsense-guide-to-testicular-infections

  The longer you wait to seek medical treatment, the longer the treatment will take. If uncomplicated, epididymitis/orchitis usually clears up in a week or two. An infection that was left untreated for a while may require a month of antibiotics and other medications. […] Practice safe sex to lower your risk of sexually transmitted infections. Make sure you are urinating well. If you have slow stream, going to the bathroom all the time, waking up many times at night to urinate, or have to push when you pee, you may not be emptying your bladder well and putting yourself at a higher risk for infection. […] Your boys work hard to keep your testis functioning smoothly. So, take care of them! With a little knowledge and TLC, you can keep your testicular troubles at bay and keep those swimmers doing their victory laps.

• #41 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/treating-epididymitis-and-orchitis

  You have inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) and testicle (orchitis). This is likely from an infection. Treatment includes medicine to get rid of the infection. It also includes medicine and other methods to ease symptoms. […] You may be prescribed medicine to reduce swelling and tenderness. […] You will most likely need to rest for 3 to 4 days until swelling and fever are gone. […] If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. […] Once the inflammation is gone, you can be active again.

• #42 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://www.metropolisindia.com/blog/preventive-healthcare/orchitis-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-of-testicular-inflammation

  Orchitis treatment and management are tailored to the underlying cause, whether viral or bacterial. […] For viral orchitis, the focus is on relieving symptoms as the infection resolves naturally. Recommended methods include rest, applying ice packs, scrotal elevation, and using over-the-counter pain relievers to reduce discomfort and swelling. […] In cases of bacterial orchitis, antibiotics are essential to eliminate the infection; completing the full course is crucial for effective recovery. If an STI is the cause, treating sexual partners is also recommended to prevent reinfection. […] Some home care measures can help relieve orchitis symptoms and support healing: Rest in bed and limit physical activity, Wear an athletic supporter to lift the scrotum and ease discomfort, Apply cold packs to the scrotum to reduce pain and swelling, Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, Soak in a warm bath to relieve pain, Avoid lifting heavy objects.

• #43 Orchitis – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/orchitis.html

  Orchitis is inflammation or infection of one or both of your testicles. […] Treatment for orchitis depends on the cause of your orchitis. You may need any of the following: […] Medicine can help decrease pain or swelling. You may also need medicine to treat a bacterial infection. […] Apply ice on your testicles for 15 to 20 minutes every hour or as directed. Use an ice pack, or put crushed ice in a plastic bag. Cover it with a towel. Ice helps prevent tissue damage and decreases swelling and pain. […] Rest in bed as directed. Lying down will help to keep your scrotum elevated. […] Scrotal support may be recommended. An athletic supporter provides scrotal support and may make you more comfortable when you stand. Ask your healthcare provider how to use an athletic supporter. […] You have the right to help plan your care. Learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your healthcare providers to decide what care you want to receive. You always have the right to refuse treatment.

• #44 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

  https://www.metropolisindia.com/blog/preventive-healthcare/orchitis-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-of-testicular-inflammation

  Orchitis treatment and management are tailored to the underlying cause, whether viral or bacterial. […] For viral orchitis, the focus is on relieving symptoms as the infection resolves naturally. Recommended methods include rest, applying ice packs, scrotal elevation, and using over-the-counter pain relievers to reduce discomfort and swelling. […] In cases of bacterial orchitis, antibiotics are essential to eliminate the infection; completing the full course is crucial for effective recovery. If an STI is the cause, treating sexual partners is also recommended to prevent reinfection. […] Some home care measures can help relieve orchitis symptoms and support healing: Rest in bed and limit physical activity, Wear an athletic supporter to lift the scrotum and ease discomfort, Apply cold packs to the scrotum to reduce pain and swelling, Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, Soak in a warm bath to relieve pain, Avoid lifting heavy objects.

• #45 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis

  http://healthlibrary.chnola.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/3,82962

  You have inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) and testicle (orchitis). This is likely from an infection. In many cases, epididymitis and orchitis occur along with urinary tract infections. Treatment includes medicine to get rid of the infection. It also includes medicine and other methods to ease symptoms. […] Acute epididymitis is most often treated with oral antibiotics. You may also be given a shot (injection) of antibiotics. Be sure to take all of your medicine until it is gone, even if you feel better. […] You may be prescribed medicine to reduce swelling and tenderness. […] You will most likely need to rest for 3 to 4 days until swelling and fever are gone. When you are able, lie down with a towel folded under the scrotum to raise it slightly. This can help ease mild pain.

• #46 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis

  http://healthlibrary.chnola.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/3,82962

  If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] To ease swelling, use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel on the scrotum. Once swelling is gone, sit in a warm bath to increase blood flow to the area. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. This does not mean the infection has come back. The testicles just take time to heal. […] If you are sexually active, your sex partner needs to see a healthcare provider as well. This is because sex can sometimes spread the infection that causes this condition.

• #47 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Orchitis is the inflammation of the testis and is usually unilateral. […] This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of orchitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in the care of patients with this condition. […] Explain the importance of care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance the care of patients with orchitis. […] The management of orchitis is usually on an outpatient basis; severe complications are rare. The condition still merits the involvement of an interprofessional healthcare team. […] Urology nurses are involved in the administration of treatment, patient education, and reporting back to the team. Pharmacists check medication dosage, interactions, assist the clinician with antimicrobial therapy selection, and also provide patient education. These types of interprofessional team collaboration can improve patient outcomes in cases of orchitis.

Zobacz więcej