Materiały źródłowe

• #1 What Are The Different Types Of Orchitis? – Dr. David Samadi Explains | Prostate Cancer 911

  https://prostatecancer911.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-orchitis/

  Orchitis is an inflammatory condition of one or both testicles in males, generally caused by a viral or bacterial infection. […] Getting vaccinated against mumps will prevent mumps-associated orchitis. Safer sex behaviors, such as having only one partner at a time (monogamy) and condom use, will decrease the chance of developing orchitis as a result of a sexually transmitted disease.

• #1 Orchitis | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/orchitis

  To help prevent orchitis: […] Get the vaccine against mumps, the most common cause of viral orchitis. […] Practice safe sex to help protect against STIs that can cause bacterial orchitis. […] Talk with your healthcare professional if you have trouble with urination. That may mean you have a blockage or other condition that can lead to orchitis.

• #1 Epididymitis and Orchitis: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://atlanticurologyclinics.com/conditions/epididymitis-and-orchitis/

  Prevention of epididymitis and orchitis mainly revolves around safe sexual practices and good hygiene. Condom use during sexual activity can prevent STIs, a common cause of epididymitis and orchitis. The mumps vaccination can also help prevent mumps orchitis. Regular check-ups can detect any potential issues early. […] While preventing all cases of epididymitis and orchitis may not be possible, safe sex practices and regular check-ups can reduce the risk.

• #1 Orchitis Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms, Causes and Complications

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/urology/conditions-treatments/orchitis

  You can reduce the risk of orchitis through the following measures: […] Practice safe sex: Use condoms to lower the risk of STIs. […] Get vaccinated: The mumps vaccine (part of the MMR vaccine) significantly reduces the risk of mumps-related orchitis. […] Avoid UTIs: Take steps to prevent urinary tract infections, such as staying hydrated and maintaining good hygiene.

• #1 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Orchitis | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/it/healtcare-library/con-20375842

  Get the vaccine against mumps, the most common cause of viral orchitis. […] Practice safe sex to help protect against STIs that can cause bacterial orchitis. […] Talk with your healthcare professional if you have trouble with urination. That may mean you have a blockage or other condition that can lead to orchitis.

• #1 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: […] Vaccination against mumps […] Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections […] Avoid indwelling urinary catheters […] Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps. […] Parents should be educated about the benefits of getting their children vaccinated.

• #1 A No-Nonsense Guide to Testicular Infections: Epididymitis & Orchitis

  https://www.greaterbostonurology.com/blog/a-no-nonsense-guide-to-testicular-infections

  Both orchitis and epididymitis can manifest as the following symptoms and signs: […] Practice safe sex to lower your risk of sexually transmitted infections. […] Make sure you are urinating well. If you have slow stream, going to the bathroom all the time, waking up many times at night to urinate, or have to push when you pee, you may not be emptying your bladder well and putting yourself at a higher risk for infection. […] Your boys work hard to keep your testis functioning smoothly. So, take care of them! With a little knowledge and TLC, you can keep your testicular troubles at bay and keep those swimmers doing their victory laps. […] Bonus tip: Keep your boys cool and comfy! Don’t squeeze them too much with tight pants but provide plenty of support with athletic underwear during sports and exercise.

• #1 Orchitis the Strange, the Rare and the Unusual: Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/iauc/international-archives-of-urology-and-complications-iauc-3-025.php?jid=iauc

  Orchitis are classified as granulomatous and non-granulomatous orchitis. Several agents are responsible for inflammatory and infective diseases of the testis, causing orchitis. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered in the routinely clinical practice is of paramount importance for a correct diagnosis and to avoid an unnecessary orchiectomy. […] Not all lumps indicate the presence of testicular cancer, most are caused by benign, conditions such as injury, birth defects, infection, varicocele, hydrocele, epididymal abnormalities, testicular torsion, hernia etc. An ultrasound evaluation should be enough to find out several of those pathologies, even if a correct final diagnosis is often reached by a surgical approach only. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered is of paramount importance to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy.

• #1 Epididymitis And Orchitis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/epididymitis-and-orchitis-a-to-z

  You can reduce your risk of developing epididymitis caused by STDs. Practice safe sex. Have sex with only one, uninfected partner. Use latex or polyurethane condoms during every sexual activity. This includes oral and anal sex. […] With treatment, most cases of mild epididymitis and orchitis can be cured. There is usually no long-term effect on fertility, especially when only one side of the scrotum is involved.

• #2 Orchitis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/orchitis-232901738/232901738

  Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles that is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection. […] Prevention involves vaccination against mumps and safe sex practices. […] Getting vaccinated against mumps will prevent mumps-associated orchitis. Safer sex behaviors, such as having only one partner at a time (monogamy) and condom use, will decrease the chance of developing orchitis as a result of a STI.

• #2 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: […] Vaccination against mumps […] Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections […] Avoid indwelling urinary catheters […] Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps. […] Parents should be educated about the benefits of getting their children vaccinated.

• #2 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21658-orchitis

  You can help prevent orchitis by getting vaccines and using protection during sexual intercourse. […] You can reduce your chances of developing orchitis by getting the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and wearing condoms during sexual intercourse. If you’re sexually active and have multiple partners, it’s also a good idea to get an STI test at least every three to six months.

• #2 Orchitis –

  https://purclinic.com/orchitis/

  Practicing safe sexual habits such as maintaining monogamous relationships and condom use can prevent sexually transmitted disease related orchitis. […] Mumps vaccinations can help to prevent mumps-induced orchitis. […] Preventing urinary tract infections can reduce risk of orchitis related to UTIs.

• #2 Orchitis | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/orchitis

  To help prevent orchitis: […] Get the vaccine against mumps, the most common cause of viral orchitis. […] Practice safe sex to help protect against STIs that can cause bacterial orchitis. […] Talk with your healthcare professional if you have trouble with urination. That may mean you have a blockage or other condition that can lead to orchitis.

• #2 Orchitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/26310

  Orchitis is defined as the inflammation of the testicle unilaterally or bilaterally usually caused by viruses and bacteria. […] Common risk factors include a preexisting history of epididymitis, unprotected sexual contact, multiple sexual partners, long-term use of foley catheter, bladder outlet obstruction, structural abnormality, and lack of immunization with MMR vaccination (vaccination reduces the risk of developing orchitis after mumps). […] Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: Vaccination against mumps, Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections, Avoid indwelling urinary catheters, Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps.

• #2

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/urology/epididymitis

  Epididymitis can spread through sexual contact. However, you can get epididymitis through the spread of other infections such as a UTI or bladder infection. […] To reduce your risk of epididymitis, you can develop healthy habits and practice safe sex. Best practices include: Using a condom during sex, Maintaining good hygiene, Treat urinary tract infections promptly, Avoiding strenuous lifting, Minimizing prolonged periods of sitting.

• #2 Orchitis the Strange, the Rare and the Unusual: Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/iauc/international-archives-of-urology-and-complications-iauc-3-025.php?jid=iauc

  Orchitis are classified as granulomatous and non-granulomatous orchitis. Several agents are responsible for inflammatory and infective diseases of the testis, causing orchitis. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered in the routinely clinical practice is of paramount importance for a correct diagnosis and to avoid an unnecessary orchiectomy. […] Not all lumps indicate the presence of testicular cancer, most are caused by benign, conditions such as injury, birth defects, infection, varicocele, hydrocele, epididymal abnormalities, testicular torsion, hernia etc. An ultrasound evaluation should be enough to find out several of those pathologies, even if a correct final diagnosis is often reached by a surgical approach only. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered is of paramount importance to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy.

• #2 Epididymitis and Orchitis: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://atlanticurologyclinics.com/conditions/epididymitis-and-orchitis/

  Prevention of epididymitis and orchitis mainly revolves around safe sexual practices and good hygiene. Condom use during sexual activity can prevent STIs, a common cause of epididymitis and orchitis. The mumps vaccination can also help prevent mumps orchitis. Regular check-ups can detect any potential issues early. […] While preventing all cases of epididymitis and orchitis may not be possible, safe sex practices and regular check-ups can reduce the risk.

• #3 „Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Options, and Prevention Strategies”

  https://www.doctorshubnepal.com/diseases-conditions/orchitis

  Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both testicles, which can be caused by bacterial or viral infections. […] There are several ways to prevent orchitis, including: Practicing safe sex by using condoms and avoiding sexual activity with individuals who have STIs can reduce the risk of developing bacterial orchitis. […] Maintaining good hygiene by washing your hands regularly and avoiding contact with infected individuals can reduce the risk of developing bacterial orchitis. […] Getting vaccinated against STIs and other diseases can reduce the risk of developing bacterial or viral orchitis.

• #3 Orchitis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/orchitis

  Things you can do to prevent the problem include: […] Get vaccinated against mumps. […] Practice safer sex behaviors to decrease your risk for STIs.

• #3 Patient Basics: Epididymitis And Orchitis | 2 Minute Medicine

  https://www.2minutemedicine.com/patient-basics-epididymitis-and-orchitis/

  You can reduce your risk of developing epididymitis caused by STDs. Practice safe sex. Have sex with only one, uninfected partner. Use latex or polyurethane condoms during every sexual activity. This includes oral and anal sex.

• #3 Orchitis Treatment in Delhi, India | Symptoms, Causes and Complications

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/our-specialities/urology/conditions-treatments/orchitis

  You can reduce the risk of orchitis through the following measures: […] Practice safe sex: Use condoms to lower the risk of STIs. […] Get vaccinated: The mumps vaccine (part of the MMR vaccine) significantly reduces the risk of mumps-related orchitis. […] Avoid UTIs: Take steps to prevent urinary tract infections, such as staying hydrated and maintaining good hygiene.

• #3 A No-Nonsense Guide to Testicular Infections: Epididymitis & Orchitis

  https://www.greaterbostonurology.com/blog/a-no-nonsense-guide-to-testicular-infections

  Both orchitis and epididymitis can manifest as the following symptoms and signs: […] Practice safe sex to lower your risk of sexually transmitted infections. […] Make sure you are urinating well. If you have slow stream, going to the bathroom all the time, waking up many times at night to urinate, or have to push when you pee, you may not be emptying your bladder well and putting yourself at a higher risk for infection. […] Your boys work hard to keep your testis functioning smoothly. So, take care of them! With a little knowledge and TLC, you can keep your testicular troubles at bay and keep those swimmers doing their victory laps. […] Bonus tip: Keep your boys cool and comfy! Don’t squeeze them too much with tight pants but provide plenty of support with athletic underwear during sports and exercise.

• #3 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: […] Vaccination against mumps […] Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections […] Avoid indwelling urinary catheters […] Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps. […] Parents should be educated about the benefits of getting their children vaccinated.

• #3

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/urology/epididymitis

  Epididymitis can spread through sexual contact. However, you can get epididymitis through the spread of other infections such as a UTI or bladder infection. […] To reduce your risk of epididymitis, you can develop healthy habits and practice safe sex. Best practices include: Using a condom during sex, Maintaining good hygiene, Treat urinary tract infections promptly, Avoiding strenuous lifting, Minimizing prolonged periods of sitting.

• #3 Orchitis the Strange, the Rare and the Unusual: Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/iauc/international-archives-of-urology-and-complications-iauc-3-025.php?jid=iauc

  Orchitis are classified as granulomatous and non-granulomatous orchitis. Several agents are responsible for inflammatory and infective diseases of the testis, causing orchitis. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered in the routinely clinical practice is of paramount importance for a correct diagnosis and to avoid an unnecessary orchiectomy. […] Not all lumps indicate the presence of testicular cancer, most are caused by benign, conditions such as injury, birth defects, infection, varicocele, hydrocele, epididymal abnormalities, testicular torsion, hernia etc. An ultrasound evaluation should be enough to find out several of those pathologies, even if a correct final diagnosis is often reached by a surgical approach only. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered is of paramount importance to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy.

• #4 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://oasisindia.in/blog/orchitis/

  To help prevent orchitis: […] Get vaccinated against mumps, which is the most prevalent cause of viral orchitis. […] Practice safe sex to avoid STIs that might cause bacterial orchitis. […] If you are having difficulty urinating, consult your healthcare provider. This could indicate a blockage or another problem that causes orchitis.

• #4 Epididymo-orchitis – Devon Sexual Health

  https://www.devonsexualhealth.nhs.uk/stis/epididymo-orchitis/

  How can I avoid getting Epididymitis? […] You can help to avoid catching a sexually transmitted infection by using condoms for vaginal, anal or oral sex, by covering sex toys with a condom and by changing condoms if you change partners or share sex toys. […] Condoms are a barrier method of contraception but also reduce the risk of catching STIs.

• #4

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/urology/epididymitis

  Epididymitis can spread through sexual contact. However, you can get epididymitis through the spread of other infections such as a UTI or bladder infection. […] To reduce your risk of epididymitis, you can develop healthy habits and practice safe sex. Best practices include: Using a condom during sex, Maintaining good hygiene, Treat urinary tract infections promptly, Avoiding strenuous lifting, Minimizing prolonged periods of sitting.

• #4 Influence of bladder management on epididymo-orchitis in patients with spinal cord injury: clean intermittent catheterization is a risk factor for epididymo-orchitis | Spinal Cord

  https://www.nature.com/articles/3101825

  In this study, CIC was an independent risk factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in patients with SCI. […] Correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance. […] Our findings suggest that urethral stricture may be a contributing factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in spinal cord injured patients, although it was not a statistically independent risk factor. […] Using hydrophilic catheters for CIC may induce lower rates of bacteriuria and long-term urethral complications such as urethral stricture and thus, would reduce the risk of epididymo-orchitis. […] Preferably, correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance for reducing urethral complications and subsequently epididymo-orchitis.

• #4 Orchitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/26310

  Orchitis is defined as the inflammation of the testicle unilaterally or bilaterally usually caused by viruses and bacteria. […] Common risk factors include a preexisting history of epididymitis, unprotected sexual contact, multiple sexual partners, long-term use of foley catheter, bladder outlet obstruction, structural abnormality, and lack of immunization with MMR vaccination (vaccination reduces the risk of developing orchitis after mumps). […] Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: Vaccination against mumps, Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections, Avoid indwelling urinary catheters, Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps.

• #4 Orchitis the Strange, the Rare and the Unusual: Case Report and Review of the Literature

  https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/iauc/international-archives-of-urology-and-complications-iauc-3-025.php?jid=iauc

  Orchitis are classified as granulomatous and non-granulomatous orchitis. Several agents are responsible for inflammatory and infective diseases of the testis, causing orchitis. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered in the routinely clinical practice is of paramount importance for a correct diagnosis and to avoid an unnecessary orchiectomy. […] Not all lumps indicate the presence of testicular cancer, most are caused by benign, conditions such as injury, birth defects, infection, varicocele, hydrocele, epididymal abnormalities, testicular torsion, hernia etc. An ultrasound evaluation should be enough to find out several of those pathologies, even if a correct final diagnosis is often reached by a surgical approach only. The knowledge of all kind of orchitis that may be encountered is of paramount importance to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy.

• #5 Orchitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/26310

  Orchitis is defined as the inflammation of the testicle unilaterally or bilaterally usually caused by viruses and bacteria. […] Common risk factors include a preexisting history of epididymitis, unprotected sexual contact, multiple sexual partners, long-term use of foley catheter, bladder outlet obstruction, structural abnormality, and lack of immunization with MMR vaccination (vaccination reduces the risk of developing orchitis after mumps). […] Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: Vaccination against mumps, Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections, Avoid indwelling urinary catheters, Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps.

• #5 Epididymoorchitis (patient information) – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Epididymoorchitis_(patient_information)

  Getting vaccinated against mumps will prevent mumps-associated orchitis. […] You can prevent complications from isolated bacterial orchitis and epididymitis by getting diagnosed early, and by treating the underlying infections. […] Safer sex behaviors, such as having only one partner at a time (monogamy) and condom use, will decrease the chance of developing epididymoorchitis as a result of a sexually transmitted disease.

• #5 „Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Options, and Prevention Strategies”

  https://www.doctorshubnepal.com/diseases-conditions/orchitis

  Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both testicles, which can be caused by bacterial or viral infections. […] There are several ways to prevent orchitis, including: Practicing safe sex by using condoms and avoiding sexual activity with individuals who have STIs can reduce the risk of developing bacterial orchitis. […] Maintaining good hygiene by washing your hands regularly and avoiding contact with infected individuals can reduce the risk of developing bacterial orchitis. […] Getting vaccinated against STIs and other diseases can reduce the risk of developing bacterial or viral orchitis.

• #5 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: […] Vaccination against mumps […] Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections […] Avoid indwelling urinary catheters […] Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps. […] Parents should be educated about the benefits of getting their children vaccinated.

• #5 Influence of bladder management on epididymo-orchitis in patients with spinal cord injury: clean intermittent catheterization is a risk factor for epididymo-orchitis | Spinal Cord

  https://www.nature.com/articles/3101825

  In this study, CIC was an independent risk factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in patients with SCI. […] Correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance. […] Our findings suggest that urethral stricture may be a contributing factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in spinal cord injured patients, although it was not a statistically independent risk factor. […] Using hydrophilic catheters for CIC may induce lower rates of bacteriuria and long-term urethral complications such as urethral stricture and thus, would reduce the risk of epididymo-orchitis. […] Preferably, correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance for reducing urethral complications and subsequently epididymo-orchitis.

• #5 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Empiric treatment of epididymitis should be initiated based on likely pathogens, before laboratory testing is complete. Treatment focuses on curing infection, improving symptoms, preventing transmission, and reducing future complications. If gonococcal or chlamydial infection is likely (patients 14 to 35 years of age), treatment should consist of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] Patients who are immunocompromised (e.g., those with HIV) should receive the same treatment as those who are immunocompetent. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass. […] Because epididymitis in men 14 to 35 years of age is most commonly caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, the need for screening tests and treatment of comorbid sexually transmitted infections, for the patient and his sex partners, should be discussed in this population. The importance of completing the full course of antibiotic treatment and condom use to prevent disease should be emphasized.

• #5 A No-Nonsense Guide to Testicular Infections: Epididymitis & Orchitis

  https://www.greaterbostonurology.com/blog/a-no-nonsense-guide-to-testicular-infections

  Both orchitis and epididymitis can manifest as the following symptoms and signs: […] Practice safe sex to lower your risk of sexually transmitted infections. […] Make sure you are urinating well. If you have slow stream, going to the bathroom all the time, waking up many times at night to urinate, or have to push when you pee, you may not be emptying your bladder well and putting yourself at a higher risk for infection. […] Your boys work hard to keep your testis functioning smoothly. So, take care of them! With a little knowledge and TLC, you can keep your testicular troubles at bay and keep those swimmers doing their victory laps. […] Bonus tip: Keep your boys cool and comfy! Don’t squeeze them too much with tight pants but provide plenty of support with athletic underwear during sports and exercise.

• #6 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: […] Vaccination against mumps […] Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections […] Avoid indwelling urinary catheters […] Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps. […] Parents should be educated about the benefits of getting their children vaccinated.

• #6 Orchitis | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/orchitis-232901738/232901738

  Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles that is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection. […] Prevention involves vaccination against mumps and safe sex practices. […] Getting vaccinated against mumps will prevent mumps-associated orchitis. Safer sex behaviors, such as having only one partner at a time (monogamy) and condom use, will decrease the chance of developing orchitis as a result of a STI.

• #6 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  You can help reduce your risk of epididymitis by: […] Using condoms during sexual intercourse. […] Regularly washing your hands with clean water and soap. […] Covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough. […] Staying up to date on vaccines.

• #6 Orchitis | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/26310

  Orchitis is defined as the inflammation of the testicle unilaterally or bilaterally usually caused by viruses and bacteria. […] Common risk factors include a preexisting history of epididymitis, unprotected sexual contact, multiple sexual partners, long-term use of foley catheter, bladder outlet obstruction, structural abnormality, and lack of immunization with MMR vaccination (vaccination reduces the risk of developing orchitis after mumps). […] Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: Vaccination against mumps, Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections, Avoid indwelling urinary catheters, Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps.

• #6 Influence of bladder management on epididymo-orchitis in patients with spinal cord injury: clean intermittent catheterization is a risk factor for epididymo-orchitis | Spinal Cord

  https://www.nature.com/articles/3101825

  In this study, CIC was an independent risk factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in patients with SCI. […] Correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance. […] Our findings suggest that urethral stricture may be a contributing factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in spinal cord injured patients, although it was not a statistically independent risk factor. […] Using hydrophilic catheters for CIC may induce lower rates of bacteriuria and long-term urethral complications such as urethral stricture and thus, would reduce the risk of epididymo-orchitis. […] Preferably, correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance for reducing urethral complications and subsequently epididymo-orchitis.

• #6 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Empiric treatment of epididymitis should be initiated based on likely pathogens, before laboratory testing is complete. Treatment focuses on curing infection, improving symptoms, preventing transmission, and reducing future complications. If gonococcal or chlamydial infection is likely (patients 14 to 35 years of age), treatment should consist of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] Patients who are immunocompromised (e.g., those with HIV) should receive the same treatment as those who are immunocompetent. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass. […] Because epididymitis in men 14 to 35 years of age is most commonly caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, the need for screening tests and treatment of comorbid sexually transmitted infections, for the patient and his sex partners, should be discussed in this population. The importance of completing the full course of antibiotic treatment and condom use to prevent disease should be emphasized.

• #6 Epididymitis and Orchitis: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://atlanticurologyclinics.com/conditions/epididymitis-and-orchitis/

  Prevention of epididymitis and orchitis mainly revolves around safe sexual practices and good hygiene. Condom use during sexual activity can prevent STIs, a common cause of epididymitis and orchitis. The mumps vaccination can also help prevent mumps orchitis. Regular check-ups can detect any potential issues early. […] While preventing all cases of epididymitis and orchitis may not be possible, safe sex practices and regular check-ups can reduce the risk.

• #7 Azoospermia of epidemic mumps orchitis and prevention strategy

  https://zhsyhlcgrbzz.cma-cmc.com.cn/EN/10.3877/cma.j.issn.1674-1358.2020.02.001

  Orchitis is a common complication of epidemic mumps (EM) in adolescent and adult males. […] In recent years, with the increasing incidence of EM in adolescents and adults and in-depth clinical research, EMO had become one of the most common cause of azoospermia. […] the research progress of testicular atrophy of EMO, the incidence of azoospermia, clinical detection, prognosis and prevention strategies were elaborated in detail.

• #7 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Diagnosis

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/medicine/orchitis-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-and-complications

  Orchitis Prevention […] A few things you may take to reduce your risk of developing orchitis are: […] Avoid having sex in circumstances where there is a significant chance of contracting an STD. […] Use condoms […] Verify that you have had a mumps vaccination. […] If you are over 50, get an examination of your prostate done at your annual physical examination.

• #7

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/urology/epididymitis

  Epididymitis can spread through sexual contact. However, you can get epididymitis through the spread of other infections such as a UTI or bladder infection. […] To reduce your risk of epididymitis, you can develop healthy habits and practice safe sex. Best practices include: Using a condom during sex, Maintaining good hygiene, Treat urinary tract infections promptly, Avoiding strenuous lifting, Minimizing prolonged periods of sitting.

• #7 Orchitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment

  https://www.novaivffertility.com/fertility-help/orchitis

  Prevention of orchitis is not possible in some cases; for example, if you have congenital urinary tract problems. However, there are a few things you can do to lower your chance of getting an orchitis infection. Getting the vaccination for mumps and engaging in protected sexual intercourse can help in preventing orchitis. Additionally, seeking treatment for urethral stricture or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is also helpful in preventing this disease. […] A person may also be at the risk of developing non-sexually transmitted orchitis if he hadn’t had proper immunisation against mumps.

• #7 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Empiric treatment of epididymitis should be initiated based on likely pathogens, before laboratory testing is complete. Treatment focuses on curing infection, improving symptoms, preventing transmission, and reducing future complications. If gonococcal or chlamydial infection is likely (patients 14 to 35 years of age), treatment should consist of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] Patients who are immunocompromised (e.g., those with HIV) should receive the same treatment as those who are immunocompetent. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass. […] Because epididymitis in men 14 to 35 years of age is most commonly caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, the need for screening tests and treatment of comorbid sexually transmitted infections, for the patient and his sex partners, should be discussed in this population. The importance of completing the full course of antibiotic treatment and condom use to prevent disease should be emphasized.

• #7 Orchitis: Causes, Risk Factors, and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/orchitis

  Some cases of orchitis cannot be prevented. This is especially true if you suffer from congenital urinary tract problems. However, you can protect yourself against certain types of viral orchitis. Vaccinate yourself and your children against mumps to reduce your risk of contracting orchitis. […] Practicing safe sex can help prevent bacterial orchitis. Use a condom and ask your partner about their sexual history.

• #8 Orchitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553165/

  Prevention revolves primarily in avoiding the risk factors: […] Vaccination against mumps […] Safe sex practices to prevent gonorrheal and chlamydial infections […] Avoid indwelling urinary catheters […] Surgically correct urinary tract obstructions for eligible patients. […] All clinical staff should advise patients to take the full course of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistance and recurrence. […] A study conducted in England and Wales concluded that vaccination with MMR provides significantly greater protection against hospitalization and risk of orchitis in diagnosed cases of mumps. […] Parents should be educated about the benefits of getting their children vaccinated.

• #8 Inflammation of the Testicle (Orchitis)

  https://www.webmd.com/men/inflammation-testicle-orchitis

  You can do a few things to lower your chances of orchitis: […] Don’t have sex in high-risk situations where you may be exposed to STDs. […] Use condoms to lower your risk of STDs. […] Make sure you’ve been vaccinated against mumps. […] Get your prostate examined during your yearly physical if you’re over 50.

• #8 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  You can help reduce your risk of epididymitis by: […] Using condoms during sexual intercourse. […] Regularly washing your hands with clean water and soap. […] Covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough. […] Staying up to date on vaccines.

• #8 Influence of bladder management on epididymo-orchitis in patients with spinal cord injury: clean intermittent catheterization is a risk factor for epididymo-orchitis | Spinal Cord

  https://www.nature.com/articles/3101825

  In this study, CIC was an independent risk factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in patients with SCI. […] Correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance. […] Our findings suggest that urethral stricture may be a contributing factor for the development of epididymo-orchitis in spinal cord injured patients, although it was not a statistically independent risk factor. […] Using hydrophilic catheters for CIC may induce lower rates of bacteriuria and long-term urethral complications such as urethral stricture and thus, would reduce the risk of epididymo-orchitis. […] Preferably, correct instructions about CIC are of utmost importance for reducing urethral complications and subsequently epididymo-orchitis.

• #8 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Empiric treatment of epididymitis should be initiated based on likely pathogens, before laboratory testing is complete. Treatment focuses on curing infection, improving symptoms, preventing transmission, and reducing future complications. If gonococcal or chlamydial infection is likely (patients 14 to 35 years of age), treatment should consist of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] Patients who are immunocompromised (e.g., those with HIV) should receive the same treatment as those who are immunocompetent. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass. […] Because epididymitis in men 14 to 35 years of age is most commonly caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, the need for screening tests and treatment of comorbid sexually transmitted infections, for the patient and his sex partners, should be discussed in this population. The importance of completing the full course of antibiotic treatment and condom use to prevent disease should be emphasized.

• #8 Orchitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment

  https://www.novaivffertility.com/fertility-help/orchitis

  Prevention of orchitis is not possible in some cases; for example, if you have congenital urinary tract problems. However, there are a few things you can do to lower your chance of getting an orchitis infection. Getting the vaccination for mumps and engaging in protected sexual intercourse can help in preventing orchitis. Additionally, seeking treatment for urethral stricture or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is also helpful in preventing this disease. […] A person may also be at the risk of developing non-sexually transmitted orchitis if he hadn’t had proper immunisation against mumps.

• #9 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21658-orchitis

  You can help prevent orchitis by getting vaccines and using protection during sexual intercourse. […] You can reduce your chances of developing orchitis by getting the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine and wearing condoms during sexual intercourse. If you’re sexually active and have multiple partners, it’s also a good idea to get an STI test at least every three to six months.

• #9 Inflammation of the Testicle (Orchitis)

  https://www.webmd.com/men/inflammation-testicle-orchitis

  You can do a few things to lower your chances of orchitis: […] Don’t have sex in high-risk situations where you may be exposed to STDs. […] Use condoms to lower your risk of STDs. […] Make sure you’ve been vaccinated against mumps. […] Get your prostate examined during your yearly physical if you’re over 50.

• #9 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Empiric treatment of epididymitis should be initiated based on likely pathogens, before laboratory testing is complete. Treatment focuses on curing infection, improving symptoms, preventing transmission, and reducing future complications. If gonococcal or chlamydial infection is likely (patients 14 to 35 years of age), treatment should consist of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. […] Patients who are immunocompromised (e.g., those with HIV) should receive the same treatment as those who are immunocompetent. […] In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. […] Follow-up is recommended three to seven days after initial evaluation and initiation of treatment to evaluate for clinical improvement and for the presence of a testicular mass. […] Because epididymitis in men 14 to 35 years of age is most commonly caused by gonococcal or chlamydial infection, the need for screening tests and treatment of comorbid sexually transmitted infections, for the patient and his sex partners, should be discussed in this population. The importance of completing the full course of antibiotic treatment and condom use to prevent disease should be emphasized.

• #10 Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Diagnosis

  https://www.prepladder.com/neet-pg-study-material/medicine/orchitis-causes-symptoms-risk-factors-diagnosis-treatment-prevention-and-complications

  Orchitis Prevention […] A few things you may take to reduce your risk of developing orchitis are: […] Avoid having sex in circumstances where there is a significant chance of contracting an STD. […] Use condoms […] Verify that you have had a mumps vaccination. […] If you are over 50, get an examination of your prostate done at your annual physical examination.

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