Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  Depression is a mood disorder that causes feelings of sadness that won’t go away. […] Approximately one in six people will experience a major depressive episode at some point in their lifetime, while up to 16 million adults each year suffer from clinical depression. […] There are many types of symptoms that make up depression. Emotionally, you may feel sad or down or irritable or even apathetic. […] Symptoms of depression are different for everyone. […] Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. […] Although depression may occur only once during your life, people typically have multiple episodes. During these episodes, symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day and may include:

• #2 Major Depressive Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559078/

  Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been ranked as the third cause of the burden of disease worldwide in 2008 by WHO, which has projected that this disease will rank first by 2030. It is diagnosed when an individual has a persistently low or depressed mood, anhedonia or decreased interest in pleasurable activities, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, lack of energy, poor concentration, appetite changes, psychomotor retardation or agitation, sleep disturbances, or suicidal thoughts. […] Per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), an individual must have five of the above-mentioned symptoms, of which one must be a depressed mood or anhedonia causing social or occupational impairment, to be diagnosed with MDD. […] Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 5 to 17 percent, with the average being 12 percent. The prevalence rate is almost double in women than in men.

• #3 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  Major depressive disorder (MDD), a main cause of disability worldwide, is characterized by physical changes such as tiredness, weight loss, and appetite loss. Anhedonia is a classic feature of MDD, and MDD is also accompanied by a lack of drive, sleep issues, cognitive challenges, and emotional symptoms such as guilt. The prevalence of depression is increasing yearly. About 300 million people in the world are affected by MDD, which has become one of the main causes of disability. In 2018, MDD ranked third in terms of disease burden according to the WHO, and it is predicted to rank first by 2030. Pregnant women, elderly people, children, and others have a higher incidence rate of MDD, which may be related to genetic, psychological, and social factors. Depression can be accompanied by recurrent seizures, which may occur even during remission or persist for longer than the disease itself. Pharmacological therapies for MDD can effectively control symptoms; thus, patients may experience recurrence within a short time after discontinuing medication. During recurrence, the patient experiences symptoms of low mood, loss of interest in life, fatigue, delayed thinking, and repeated fluctuations in mental state.

• #4 Major depressive disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

  Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. […] The most common time of onset is in a person’s 20s, with females affected about three times as often as males. […] The course of the disorder varies widely, from one episode lasting months to a lifelong disorder with recurrent major depressive episodes. […] A person having a major depressive episode usually exhibits a low mood, which pervades all aspects of life, and an inability to experience pleasure in previously enjoyable activities. […] Other symptoms of depression include poor concentration and memory, withdrawal from social situations and activities, reduced sex drive, irritability, and thoughts of death or suicide.

• #5 DSM-5-TR criteria for a major depressive episode – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PSYCH/89994

  DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode: Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same two-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. […] Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (eg, feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observations made by others (eg, appears tearful). […] Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation). […] Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (eg, a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.

• #6 Stages of depression: Symptoms, treatment, and recovery

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-depression

  Experts recommend people seek medical advice if they experience the following symptoms: trouble sleeping or excessive sleeping, depressed or low mood, changes in appetite or weight, loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy, fatigue or decreased energy levels, difficulty concentrating, feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness, irritability or restlessness, thoughts of suicide or death. […] Many people who have depression do not seek support, but it is a treatable condition. If someone is experiencing emotional distress or having suicidal thoughts, they or a loved one are encouraged to seek help from a mental health professional as soon as possible. […] To qualify for a diagnosis of depression, a person must have at least five of nine symptoms for at least 2 weeks. One of the symptoms must be a depressed mood or anhedonia, which is a loss of interest or pleasure.

• #6 Stages of depression: Symptoms, treatment, and recovery

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-depression

  Depression is a serious mood disorder that involves persistent low mood, loss of interest in activities, and other symptoms. It affects how a person thinks, acts, and feels. […] The effects of depression can interfere with a persons ability to manage relationships, work, and daily activities, such as eating and sleeping. Healthcare professionals also refer to the condition as major depressive disorder (MDD) and clinical depression. […] No, there are not different stages of depression. Rather, experts view depression as a continuum: Its symptoms change in severity over time. […] Instead of depression occurring in stages, experts view depression as a continuum a condition with symptoms that change in severity over time. […] Depression symptoms can include: low mood, reduction in or loss of pleasure in activities, significant changes in weight or appetite, hypersomnia (excessive sleep) or insomnia (lack of sleep), changes in movement (either less activity or agitation), fatigue, guilt or feelings of worthlessness, indecisiveness or problems with concentration, suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempts.

• #7 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The symptoms of depression can be complex and vary widely between people. If you’re depressed, you may feel sad, hopeless and lose interest in things you used to enjoy. […] The symptoms persist for weeks or months and are bad enough to interfere with your work, social life and family life. […] The psychological symptoms of depression include: continuous low mood or sadness, feeling hopeless and helpless, having low self-esteem, feeling tearful, feeling guilt-ridden, feeling irritable and intolerant of others, having no motivation or interest in things, finding it difficult to make decisions, not getting any enjoyment out of life, feeling anxious or worried, having suicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming yourself. […] The physical symptoms of depression include: moving or speaking more slowly than usual, changes in appetite or weight (usually decreased, but sometimes increased), constipation, unexplained aches and pains, lack of energy, low sex drive (loss of libido), disturbed sleep for example, finding it difficult to fall asleep at night or waking up very early in the morning.

• #8 Depression Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Major Depressive Disorder

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinical

  The specific DSM-5-TR criteria for major depressive disorder are outlined below. At least 5 of the following symptoms have to have been present during the same 2-week period (and at least 1 of the symptoms must be diminished interest/pleasure or depressed mood): Depressed mood: For children and adolescents, this can also be an irritable mood; Diminished interest or loss of pleasure in almost all activities (anhedonia); Significant weight change or appetite disturbance: For children, this can be failure to achieve expected weight gain; Sleep disturbance (insomnia or hypersomnia); Psychomotor agitation or retardation; Fatigue or loss of energy; Feelings of worthlessness; Diminished ability to think or concentrate; indecisiveness; Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or specific plan for committing suicide.

• #9 Depression (Major Depressive Disorder): Symptoms and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/clinical-depression

  In addition, they may experience some of the following: fatigue, difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much, difficulty eating or overeating, weight changes, headache, digestion problems, thoughts of suicide, engaging in high-risk behaviors, becoming withdrawn, substance use, isolation, difficulties with the responsibilities of school, work, or family life, sexual dysfunction. […] MDD can be a serious mental health condition because it can significantly affect your ability to live your day-to-day life. For example, it can cause difficulties with eating and sleeping and may negatively affect your relationships with colleagues, family, and friends. […] MDD is the most common type of depression. About 21 million U.S. adults had at least one major depressive episode in 2021. […] While someone with MDD can feel hopeless at times, its important to remember that the disorder can be treated successfully. There is hope. […] If you start taking antidepressants and have suicidal thoughts, call your doctor or 911 or local emergency services right away.

• #10 DSM-5-TR criteria for a major depressive episode – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=PSYCH/89994

  Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day. […] Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down). […] Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day. […] Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick). […] Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by their subjective account or as observed by others). […] Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide. […] The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

• #11 Symptoms of Depression – Resnick Neuropsychiatric Hospital | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/hospitals/resnick/resources/symptoms-depression

  Chronically fatigued. Do you frequently feel tired or lack energy? […] Isolation. Have you stopped meeting with family or friends? Increasing isolation and diminished interest or pleasure in activities are major signs of depression. […] Appetite disturbance. Are you eating far less than usual or far more? Severe and continuing appetite disturbance is often an indication of depression. […] Inability to concentrate. If you can’t seem to focus on even routine tasks, it’s probably time to get some help. […] Dependence on mood-altering substances. If you depend on alcohol or other drugs to make it through the day, you may be suffering from depression. […] Feeling a sense of inappropriate guilt […] Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide or a suicide attempt.

• #12 Understanding Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression) Symptoms — Talkspace

  https://www.talkspace.com/mental-health/conditions/articles/major-depressive-disorder-symptoms/

  According to the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, a person can be diagnosed if five or more of these symptoms have been present nearly everyday during a two-week period, and are severe enough to interfere with their daily activities, work, social activities, or relationships with others. Major depressive disorder symptoms can be complex and vary widely between different people. […] Major depressive disorder is typically associated with loss of energy and fatigue, sometimes even after a good nights rest. […] According to the DSM-5, major depressive disorder is characterized by a low mood for most of the day, occurring nearly everyday for at least two weeks. […] Another major depressive disorder symptom is anhedonia, a noticeably diminished interest in most activities of the day.

• #13 Understanding Major Depressive Disorder (Clinical Depression) Symptoms — Talkspace

  https://www.talkspace.com/mental-health/conditions/articles/major-depressive-disorder-symptoms/

  When a person experiences a decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day, significant weight loss or gain may occur. […] Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) that occurs nearly every day can be an indicator of major depressive disorder. […] Feeling slowed down or facing extreme restlessness nearly everyday may be a sign of major depressive disorder. […] Major depressive disorder may also come with severe feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt nearly every day. […] Major depressive disorder is also marked by a persistently decreased ability to concentrate or focus, and a difficulty in making decisions. […] Recurrent thoughts of death are one of the major depressive disorder symptoms, as well as constant suicidal thoughts without a specific plan to go ahead with it.

• #14 Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01738-y

  The clinical symptoms of MDD include a depressed mood, loss of interest, changes in weight or appetite, and increased likelihood of committing suicide. These symptoms are also listed as the criteria for MDD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In addition to the criteria listed in the DSM-5, the criteria reported in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) are also used to guide clinical diagnosis. However, due to the lack of characteristic symptoms and objective diagnostic evidence for MDD, identification and early prevention are difficult in the clinic. […] Due to the complexity of the pathological mechanism of MDD, accurate diagnostic approaches and pharmacological therapeutic strategies are relatively limited. Several hypothesis were developed to explain MDD pathogenesis pathogenic including (i) the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction hypothesis, (ii) the monoamine hypothesis, (iii) the inflammatory hypothesis, (iv) the genetic and epigenetic anomaly hypothesis, (v) the structural and functional brain remodeling hypothesis, and (vi) the social psychological hypothesis. However, none of these hypotheses alone can fully explain the pathological basis of MDD, while many mechanisms proposed by these hypotheses interact with each other. In recent years, great progress has been made in identifying novel pharmacological therapies, diagnostic criteria, and nonpharmacological preventive measures for MDD, initiating related clinical trials.

• #15 Depression – symptoms, types, treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/depression

  Symptoms of depression involve the way a person feels, thinks and behaves. There are also physical signs of depression. […] People with depression may also experience these physical symptoms: sleep problems: difficulty sleeping and/or feeling tired during the day, changed appetite with or without weight loss or gain, feeling run down or sick, headaches, muscle pain, churning stomach. […] If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, its best to seek help early. The sooner your symptoms are addressed, the better the outcome will likely be. […] Depression is a serious health issue and should be managed by a qualified health practitioner. Your GP can assess your mood and your overall health, and will suggest treatment approaches based on several factors, including what type of depression you have, how severe your symptoms are, and whether you are experiencing a first or recurrent episode.

• #16 Symptoms – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/symptoms/

  The social symptoms of depression include: avoiding contact with friends and taking part in fewer social activities, neglecting your hobbies and interests, having difficulties in your home, work or family life. […] Depression can often come on gradually, so it can be difficult to notice something is wrong. Many people try to cope with their symptoms without realising they’re unwell. […] Doctors describe depression in adults as either less severe (mild) or more severe (moderate or severe), based on: the symptoms, including how often you get symptoms and how bad they are, how long depression lasts, the impact on your daily life. […] A few people with severe depression may have symptoms of psychosis. […] See a GP if you experience symptoms of depression for most of the day, every day, for more than 2 weeks.

• #17 The Course Of Major Depression

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/course-of-major-depression

  To diagnose someone with major depressive disorder (MDD), the person must have had at least one major depressive episode (in which they suffer from a depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities) for at least two weeks. […] In addition, depressive symptoms must persist for most of the day, nearly every day, and cause problems in social interactions, work, or someone’s ability to function in daily life. […] Symptoms of major depressive disorder usually develop over a few days or weeks. […] Many people feel anxious or mildly depressed for a while before a full depressive episode becomes apparent. […] The above symptoms must be present for at least two weeks and must cause distress and impaired functioning. […] Recurrence in major depressive disorder is common, with over 50% experiencing additional episodes after recovering from the first episode.

• #18 Major Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/major-depression-a-to-z

  In major depression, the most prominent symptom is a severe and persistent low mood, profound sadness, or a sense of despair. The symptoms of major depression are defined as lasting at least two weeks but usually they go on much longer months or even years. […] Many people with depression also have anxiety. They may worry more than average about their physical health. […] A major depressive episode may occur just once in a person’s life or may return repeatedly. […] During a major depressive episode, thinking can get out of step with reality. The person has „psychotic symptoms” such as false beliefs (delusions) or false perceptions (hallucinations). […] A major depressive episode may occur within the first two to three months after giving birth to a baby. In that case, it may be called major depressive disorder with peripartum onset.

• #19 Major Depressive Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559078/

  Untreated depressive episodes in major depressive disorder can last from 6 to 12 months. About two-thirds of the individuals with MDD contemplate suicide, and about 10 to 15 percent commit suicide. MDD is a chronic, recurrent illness; the recurrence rate is about 50% after the first episode, 70% after the second episode, and 90% after the third episode. […] MDD is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It not only causes a severe functional impairment but also adversely affects the interpersonal relationships, thus lowering the quality of life. Individuals with MDD are at a high risk of developing comorbid anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, which further increases their risk of suicide.

• #20 Major depressive disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

  Major depression significantly affects a person’s family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. […] Studies have shown that 80% of those with a first major depressive episode will have at least one more during their life, with a lifetime average of four episodes. […] The preventive effect probably lasts for at least the first 36 months of use. […] Major depressive episodes often resolve over time, whether or not they are treated.

• #21 Major Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/major-depression-a-to-z

  Depression that occurs mainly during the winter months is usually called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. […] Symptoms of major depression include distinctly depressed or irritable mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased or increased weight or appetite, decreased or increased sleep, appearing slowed or agitated, fatigue and loss of energy, feeling worthless or guilty, poor concentration or indecisiveness, thoughts of death, suicide attempts or plans. […] On average, untreated episodes last several months. However, episodes of major depression can last any length of time. […] If depression is not treated, it can become chronic (long-lasting). […] Treatment can shorten the length and severity of a depressive episode. […] The prognosis with treatment is excellent. The intensity of symptoms and the frequency of episodes often are significantly reduced. Many people recover completely.

• #22 Major depressive disorder in adults: Approach to initial management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-depressive-disorder-in-adults-approach-to-initial-management

  Major depression is highly prevalent and disabling. Depressive disorders rank 13th worldwide as a cause of disability and mortality, with a lifetime prevalence of 12 percent. Nationally or regionally representative surveys in 21 countries estimate that the 12-month prevalence of major depression is 5 percent. In the United States, major depression ranks second among all diseases and injuries as a cause of disability, and persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) ranks 20th. […] In addition, major depression is often recurrent. More than 40 percent of patients who recover from an initial episode will experience a recurrence within two years. After two episodes, the risk of recurrence within five years is approximately 75 percent. […] Major depressive disorder (MDD) – MDD is diagnosed in patients with a history of at least one major depressive episode and no history of mania or hypomania. A major depressive episode is a period lasting at least two consecutive weeks, with five or more of the following symptoms: depressed mood, anhedonia, insomnia or hypersomnia, change in appetite or weight, psychomotor retardation or agitation, low energy, poor concentration, thoughts of worthlessness or guilt, and recurrent thoughts about death or suicide. At least one of the symptoms must be depressed mood or anhedonia.

• #23 Depression | CAMH

  https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/depression

  Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a complex mood disorder caused by various factors, including genetic predisposition, personality, stress and brain chemistry. […] The main symptom of depression is a sad, despairing mood that is present most days and lasts most of the day, lasts for more than two weeks, and impairs the person’s performance at work, at school or in social relationships. […] Other symptoms of depression include changes in appetite and weight, sleep problems, loss of interest in work, hobbies, people or sex, withdrawal from family members and friends, feeling useless, hopeless, excessively guilty, pessimistic or having low self-esteem, agitation or feeling slowed down, irritability, fatigue, trouble concentrating, remembering or making decisions, crying easily, or feeling like crying but being not able to, thoughts of suicide (which should always be taken seriously), a loss of touch with reality, hearing voices (hallucinations) or having strange ideas (delusions). […] Research suggests that people who have had one episode of depression have a 50 per cent chance of experiencing another episode at some point in their lives. After two depressive episodes, there is an 80 per cent chance of relapse.

• #24 The Course Of Major Depression

  https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/course-of-major-depression

  The course of recurrent major depression varies across individuals. Some people have isolated depressive episodes that are separated by many years during which mood is normal, while other individuals experience clusters of major depressive episodes that occur closely together in time. […] Symptoms of major depressive disorder usually develop over a few days or weeks. […] The DSM-5 provides labels that describe the course of a person’s major depression. “Full remission” means no current depressive symptoms; “partial remission” means that the person currently has fewer than five depressive symptoms or has had no symptoms at all for less than two months; and “chronic” means that a person has met all of the diagnostic criteria for major depression for two or more years.

• #25 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/mood/1-depression/home

  Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental disorder characterized by persistent, often daily, low mood and/or decreased interest (anhedonia). There are also associated neurovegetative symptoms, such as a change in sleep, appetite, cognition, and energy levels. Suicidal ideation or attempts may also occur during depressive episodes. […] MDD can appear at any age, but the chance increases with the onset of puberty. The age of onset peaks in the mid-20s. […] The course of MDD can vary significantly between individuals, such that some individuals have a chronic illness course, while others can have years with few or no symptoms between depressive episodes. 50% of depressive episodes are brief and resolve within three months. […] Those with underlying personality, anxiety, and substance use disorders are most likely to have a chronic course of symptoms and lower likelihood of full symptom remission. […] Negative prognostic factors include having psychotic features, comorbid anxiety, personality disorders, and greater symptom severity. […] The impairment from MDD can range from being mild to severe, depending on the individual, and depend on the symptom profile.

• #26 What Are the Stages of Depression? | Charlie Health

  https://www.charliehealth.com/areas-of-care/depression/what-are-the-stages-of-depression

  Learn about the different stages of depression, the signs and symptoms, and how to know when you might need a higher level of treatment. […] Clinical depression, also known as major depressive disorder (MDD), is a complex mental health condition that can be overwhelming for many people worldwide, leaving them feeling isolated and hopeless. […] The first depression stage includes the early signs of depression, which can be subtle and often get dismissed as temporary sadness or stress. People in this stage may experience low mood fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, and difficulty finding joy in everyday activities. […] As depression progresses, symptoms intensify and depression severity can evolve from mild to moderate or severe. […] At this depression stage, depression has reached its clinical peak, becoming severely debilitating with a person experiencing the full spectrum of symptoms.

• #27 Stages of Major Depressive Disorder | Healthy Minds

  https://psychiatrynashville.com/stages-of-major-depressive-disorder/

  Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), simply called depression, is a mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, a lack of motivation, and a general disinterest in life. […] Symptoms include fatigue, loss of interest in activities, changes in sleep and appetite, and difficulty concentrating. MDD can range in intensity, and each stage offers distinct signs, helping both individuals and mental health professionals to assess its progression. […] Generally, MDD unfolds through several identifiable stages, with symptoms intensifying and evolving as time progresses. […] In the initial stage, the signs of MDD are mild and can be mistaken for common mood fluctuations. Symptoms may include: Persistent feelings of sadness or irritability, Mild fatigue or low energy, Loss of interest in hobbies or social activities.

• #28 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  For many people with depression, symptoms usually are severe enough to cause noticeable problems in day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships with others. […] Common signs and symptoms of depression in children and teenagers are similar to those of adults, but there can be some differences. […] Depression is not a normal part of growing older, and it should never be taken lightly. […] If you feel depressed, make an appointment to see your doctor or mental health professional as soon as you can. […] Depression often begins in the teens, 20s or 30s, but it can happen at any age. […] Depression is a serious disorder that can take a terrible toll on you and your family. […] Examples of complications associated with depression include: […] There’s no sure way to prevent depression. However, these strategies may help.

• #29 Warning Signs & Symptoms of Depression | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/depression-signs

  Having a low mood is the most obvious symptom, Dr. Sullivan explains. One of the most common symptoms I hear from people is that theyre not very motivated to do things. […] Beyond its impacts on mood and energy, depression has been known to impact physical health and comfort. […] Although the DSM outlines a set of symptoms and warning signs of depression, the truth is that depression doesnt look the same in each patient. […] The first sign of depression in older adults tends to be a decrease in, or lack of, interest in beloved activities. […] Depressive symptoms tend to start during the teenage years, then evolve, explains Dr. Sullivan. […] Common signs of depression in children include: Issues with behavior at school, Mood changes, Fatigue, Lack of interest in pleasurable activities.

• #30 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  Depression is one of the most treatable mental health conditions. Approximately 80% to 90% of people with depression who seek treatment eventually respond well to treatment. […] With proper diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with depression live healthy, fulfilling lives. Depression can return after you get treatment, though, so its important to seek medical help as soon as symptoms begin again. […] Without treatment, depression can: Become worse. […] Depression accounts for nearly 40,000 cases of suicide each year in the United States. Its essential to get medical help as soon as possible if youre having suicidal thoughts.

• #31 Major depression: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000945.htm

  Major depression is a mood disorder. It occurs when feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration get in the way of your life over a long period of time. It also changes how your body works. […] Symptoms of depression can include: Agitation, restlessness, irritability, and anger; Becoming withdrawn or isolated; Fatigue and lack of energy; Feeling hopeless, helpless, worthless, guilty, and self-hate; Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed including sex; Sudden change in appetite, often with weight gain or loss; Thoughts of death or suicide; Trouble concentrating; Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much. […] If depression is very severe, you may have hallucinations or delusions (false beliefs). This condition is called depression with psychotic features. […] You may start feeling better a few weeks after starting treatment. If you take medicine, you will need to stay on the medicine for several months to feel good and prevent depression from returning. If your depression keeps coming back, you may need to stay on your medicine for a long period. […] Long-term (chronic) depression may make it harder for you to manage other illnesses such as diabetes or heart disease.

• #32 How Long Does Depression Last: Without Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/how-long-does-depression-last

  Left untreated, like any illness, the symptoms can get progressively worse and lead to significant impairment, interfere with relationships and job, or lead to self-harm or suicide. […] Individuals with major depression may experience a partial or total remission, where their symptoms go away or they experience no symptoms at all. […] If youre at risk for experiencing recurrent depression, treatment can be effective in managing your symptoms and may minimize the recurrence of depressive episodes. […] Depression is a treatable illness, and the earlier treatment is started, the more effective it is, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. […] There are a variety of treatments that can be used to help treat and reduce symptoms as well as to reduce the risk of recurrence or severity of an episode. […] Depression can be a chronic condition, but its manageable.

• #33 Major Depressive Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/major-depressive-disorder-5092483

  The risk of suicide among people with major depressive disorder is elevated compared with the general population. […] Severe cases may manifest with symptoms of psychosis, including delusion and, in rare cases, hallucination. […] For MDD to be diagnosed, a person must be experiencing five or more of the following symptoms during the same two-week period and at least should either be (1) depressed mood or (2) the loss of interest or pleasure: Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day; Diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day; Significant weight gain, significant weight loss unrelated to dieting, or decreases or increases in appetite, nearly every day; A slowing down of thought and a reduction of physical movements; Fatigue or loss of energy, nearly every day; Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt, nearly every day; Indecisiveness or the diminished ability to think or concentrate, nearly every day; Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, a specific plan for suicide, or a suicide attempt.

• #34 Recognizing Signs of Major Depressive Disorder

  https://relevancerecovery.com/therapy/signs-of-major-depressive-disorder/

  Feeling upset, blue, or down on occasion is a typical experience for most people. […] Clinical depression, or simply depression, is different. The feelings you experience when you have depression are for more than temporary feelings of sadness. […] In the mental health community, depression is also referred to as major depressive disorder or clinical depression. These conditions are characterized by overwhelming symptoms of emptiness, sadness, or irritability that affect your ability to function in your day-to-day environment. Without treatment, these symptoms can become so overwhelming that they lead to a loss of function at work and home. For someone to meet the clinical diagnostic criteria for depression, these symptoms must last for a minimum of two weeks. Additionally, the symptoms you experience during depressive episodes must be different from your previous level of functioning. In other words, your symptoms must lead to a clinically significant change in mood and ability.

• #35 Mental Health Conditions: Depression and Anxiety | Overviews of Diseases/Conditions | Tips From Former Smokers | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/depression-anxiety.html

  If you think you are depressed talk with your doctor or a mental health professional immediately. This is especially important if your symptoms are getting worse or affecting your daily activities. […] In general about 1 out of every 6 adults will have depression at some time in their life. Depression affects about 16 million American adults every year. Anyone can get depressed, and depression can happen at any age and in any type of person. […] Many people who experience depression also have other mental health conditions. Anxiety disorders often go hand in hand with depression. People who have anxiety disorders struggle with intense and uncontrollable feelings of anxiety, fear, worry, and/or panic. These feelings can interfere with daily activities and may last for a long time. […] Many helpful treatments for depression are available. Treatment for depression can help reduce symptoms and shorten how long the depression lasts. Treatment can include getting therapy and/or taking medications. Your doctor or a qualified mental health professional can help you determine what treatment is best for you. […] Some people who are depressed may think about hurting themselves or committing suicide (taking their own life). If you or someone you know is having thoughts about hurting themselves or committing suicide please seek immediate help.

• #36 Stages of depression: Symptoms, treatment, and recovery

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/stages-of-depression

  There is not yet a cure for depression, but several treatment options can help relieve symptoms. Receiving treatment earlier is more effective. […] Treatment for depression typically involves medication, psychotherapy, or both. Combining medication and therapy can decrease the risk of symptoms returning. […] Regardless of a persons severity of depression symptoms, help is available. A person can reach out to a healthcare professional for help if they notice changes in their mood that affect their daily life and well-being. People are encouraged to seek immediate support if they are in emotional distress or are having suicidal thoughts.

• #37 Major Depression in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/major-depression-children

  Its crucial to remember that depression symptoms and suicidal thoughts and behaviors must be taken very seriously. […] Early treatment is key to reducing distress, improving functioning, and preventing future depression episodes. Without treatment, your child’s depression could persist for longer and become increasingly more severe, leading to significant impairment in school, at home, and with friends and family. […] Most children who receive early and effective treatment for major depression will improve and may even go on to experience complete resolution of symptoms. Children with more severe episodes of depression and children who have depression as well as other disorders (such as substance use, anxiety, or emotional dysregulation) may continue to work with treatment providers for a longer period of time. Some children will have a recurrent type of depression that can come and go over the course of their lifetime. These children benefit from periodically re-engaging in treatment as symptoms arise.

• #38 Major Depression in Children | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/major-depression-children

  An accurate diagnosis and early treatment are critical to helping a child recover from major depression and prevent later episodes. Treatment also allows your child to flourish at home, school, and in their relationships. Your child would be able to function at his/her best without depression interfering with his/her thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

• #39 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  However, a diagnosis of depression requires that the above symptoms occur for most of the day, nearly every day, for more than two weeks, along with a clear change in day-to-day functioning (e.g., in work/school performance, personal relationships, and hobbies). […] Depression is among the most treatable of mental disorders. Between 70% and 90% percent of people with depression eventually respond well to treatment. […] Depression can affect anyone even those who seemingly have it all. Several factors can play a role in depression. […] A major depressive episode may precede the onset of persistent depressive disorder but may also arise during (and be superimposed on) a previous diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder.

• #40 Major Depressive Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellmind.com/major-depressive-disorder-symptoms-causes-and-treatment-5270926

  While depression is a serious condition, it can be treated. In fact, between 80% to 90% of people with depression respond well to treatment, and almost all patients get some relief from their symptoms. […] Treatment for depression may involve medication, therapy, or brain stimulation. The treatment modalities chosen can depend on the severity of the depression and your individual needs. […] Antidepressants are a type of medication that can help treat depression. They work by improving the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. […] Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, can help treat depression. […] Major depressive order, a type of depression, is a serious medical condition that is caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. It is neither a character flaw nor a weakness, and can happen to anyone.

• #41 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013

  Symptoms caused by major depression can vary from person to person. […] Your doctor may determine a diagnosis of depression based on: […] Your mental health professional asks about your symptoms, thoughts, feelings and behavior patterns. You may be asked to fill out a questionnaire to help answer these questions. […] Depression that occurs during pregnancy or in the weeks or months after delivery (postpartum). […] Medications and psychotherapy are effective for most people with depression. […] If you have severe depression, you may need a hospital stay, or you may need to participate in an outpatient treatment program until your symptoms improve. […] Many types of antidepressants are available, including those below. […] If a family member has responded well to an antidepressant, it may be one that could help you.

• #42 Overview – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/

  Depression affects people in different ways and can cause a wide variety of symptoms. […] They range from lasting feelings of unhappiness and hopelessness, to losing interest in the things you used to enjoy and feeling very tearful. Many people with depression also have symptoms of anxiety. […] There can be physical symptoms too, such as feeling constantly tired, sleeping badly, having no appetite or sex drive, and various aches and pains. […] The symptoms of depression range from mild to severe. At its mildest, you may simply feel persistently low in spirit, while severe depression can make you feel suicidal, that life is no longer worth living. […] Many people wait a long time before seeking help for depression, but it’s best not to delay. The sooner you see a doctor, the sooner you can be on the way to recovery.

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