Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Major Depression: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/major-depression-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Depression is a mood disorder characterized by intense and persistent feelings of sadness and a loss of interest or enjoyment in things once loved (anhedonia). The clinical diagnosis per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) is Major depressive disorder (MDD) and includes feelings of worthlessness, a lack of energy, decreased concentration, and suicidal thoughts. […] Major depression requires the diagnosis and treatment of trained mental health providers, but nurses are vital in creating a therapeutic relationship that allows patients to express their thoughts and feelings while supporting them holistically and maintaining their safety. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions related to depression.

• #2 Major Depressive Disorder (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570554/

  Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental health disorder characterized by at least two weeks of persistently sad mood or loss of interest in activities (anhedonia), causing significant impairment in daily life functioning, accompanied by five or more symptoms including: […] Nursing diagnoses address responses to illness or disease. Nurses may identify that the following nursing diagnoses, in addition to others not mentioned, apply to the needs of people with MDD: […] Nurses often perform initial interviewing of a patient in both inpatient and outpatient settings and ask patients questions about their medical history, medication history, and in many facilities are required to screen patients for self-harm or intent to harm others. […] An interdisciplinary approach is essential for the effective and successful treatment of MDD.

• #3 Depression: Screening and Diagnosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html

  Depression affects an estimated 8% of persons in the United States and accounts for more than $210 billion in health care costs annually. […] The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and American Academy of Family Physicians recommend screening for depression in the general adult population. […] Additionally, the USPSTF recommends screening children and adolescents 12 to 18 years of age for major depressive disorder. […] Screening all postpartum women for depression is recommended by the USPSTF, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. […] The USPSTF recommends screening adolescents 12 to 18 years of age for major depressive disorder in the primary care setting. […] The economic burden of major depressive disorder is estimated at $210.5 billion per year, with a 21.5% increase from 2005 to 2010.

• #4 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

  Examples of complications associated with depression include: Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart disease and diabetes. […] There’s no sure way to prevent depression. However, these strategies may help. […] Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent depression from worsening. […] Consider getting long-term maintenance treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.

• #5 Depressive Disorders – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/mood-disorders/depressive-disorders

  Depressive disorders are characterized by sadness severe enough or persistent enough to interfere with function and often by decreased interest or pleasure in activities. […] Treatment usually consists of medications, psychotherapy, or both and sometimes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). […] In primary care settings, approximately 13% of patients have a diagnosis of depression. […] Patients with all forms of depression are more likely to abuse alcohol or illicit drugs in an attempt to self-treat sleep disturbances or anxiety symptoms; however, depression is a less common cause of alcoholic use disorder and other substance use disorders than was once thought. […] Depression may reduce protective immune responses. […] Depression increases risk of cardiovascular disorders, myocardial infarctions (MIs), and stroke, perhaps because in depression, cytokines and factors that increase blood clotting are elevated and heart rate variability is decreased—all potential risk factors for cardiovascular disorders.

• #6 Depression: Screening and Diagnosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html

  Screening for depression is the cornerstone of early recognition, diagnosis, and management. […] The risk factors for depression are multifactorial but can be split into the three broad categories of internal factors, external factors, and adverse life events. […] Risk factors for late-life depression include female sex, social isolation, death of a spouse, being divorced or separated, lower socioeconomic status, comorbid general medical conditions, uncontrolled pain, insomnia, and cognitive and functional impairments. […] Depression is a major risk factor for suicide in older men, with suicide rates in this population increasing with age. […] The Geriatric Depression Scale is a five-, 15-, or 30-item questionnaire that screens for depression in older patients without dementia. […] The Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia is a 19-item screening tool that can be used in older patients.

• #7 Depression (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568733/

  Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. […] The nursing diagnoses found in people with depression should be individualized to the patient. The list below contains some nursing diagnoses that frequently occur due to their connection to the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria: Self-directed violence, the risk for; Hopelessness; Coping, ineffective; Self-Esteem, chronic low; Fatigue; Nutrition, imbalanced, less than body requirements. […] The nurse, caring for the depressed person, should direct interventions toward resolving the issues identified through the nursing diagnoses. A priority is the patients safety, including alleviating the risk of suicide. The following list includes interventions for the depressed person: Monitor for suicidal risk; Keep the environment safe by eliminating sharp objects and items that could be used to harm self; Encourage patient to do as much as possible for self. The patient may need more direction with activities of daily living if depression is severe; Use sleep hygiene to encourage sleep; Engage the patient in a therapeutic relationship; Use empathy when communicating with the patient; Reinforce elements of therapy such as challenging negative thoughts about self, the world, and the future; Encourage patient to participate in activities; Have patient list positive characteristics about the self; Have patient set a realistic goal for the day and review goal attainment; Review and evaluate patient coping strategies and support systems; Monitor eating patterns and encourage nutritional intake; Monitor medications for effectiveness and side effects; Include family in care if the patient chooses.

• #8 Depression (Nursing) Article

  https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/20367

  Depression (Nursing) […] The nursing diagnoses found in people with depression should be individualized to the patient. The list below contains some nursing diagnoses that frequently occur due to their connection to the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria: […] Self-directed violence, the risk for […] Hopelessness […] Coping, ineffective […] Self-Esteem, chronic low […] Fatigue […] Nutrition, imbalanced, less than body requirements. […] The etiology of major depressive disorder is multifactorial with both genetic and environmental factors playing a role. […] Twelve-month prevalence of major depressive disorder is approximately 7%, with marked differences by age group. […] The investigation into depressive symptoms begins with inquiries of the neurovegetative symptoms which include changes in sleeping patterns, appetite, and energy levels.

• #8 Depression (Nursing) Article

  https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/20367

  All patients with depression should be evaluated for suicidal risk. […] The diagnosis of depression is based on history and physical findings. […] Medication alone and brief psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy) alone can relieve depressive symptoms. […] Electroconvulsive therapy is useful for patients who are not responding well to medications or are suicidal. […] Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Interpersonal Therapy are evidence-based psychotherapies that have been found to be effective in the treatment of depression. […] The nurse, caring for the depressed person, should direct interventions toward resolving the issues identified through the nursing diagnoses. […] Depression is a very common disorder encountered by the nurse practitioner, primary care provider, psychiatrist, and mental health worker.

• #9 Depression: Nursing Diagnosis [+ Free Cheat Sheet] | Lecturio

  https://www.lecturio.com/nursing/free-cheat-sheet/depression-nursing-diagnosis-symptoms/

  Depression (or Major Depressive Disorder) is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent low mood and loss of interest in association with somatic symptoms. […] Given its prevalence, its essential for nurses to recognize the symptoms for early intervention. […] Nursing diagnosis for depression includes: Risk for self-harm related to expressed suicidal ideation or severe hopelessness, Chronic low self-esteem related to negative self-evaluation, expressed or demonstrated, Ineffective coping related to inability to meet basic needs or handle stress, Social isolation related to withdrawal from social interactions or expressed feelings of loneliness, Disturbed sleep pattern related to insomnia, hypersomnia, or nightmares, Impaired social interaction related to reduced participation in social or recreational activities, Hopelessness related to chronic sadness or pessimistic feelings about the future, Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to decreased appetite or neglecting self-care.

• #10 Major Depression Nursing Care Plans – 9 Nursing Diagnosis – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/major-depression-nursing-care-plans/

  Following a thorough assessment, a nursing diagnosis is formulated to specifically address the challenges associated with major depression based on the nurses clinical judgment and understanding of the patients unique health condition. […] Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will seek help when experiencing self-destructive impulses. The client will have a behavioral manifestation of absent depression. The client will identify at least two-three people he/she can seek out for support and emotional guidance when he/she is feeling self-destructive before discharge. […] Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with major depression may include: Promoting Safety and Preventing Self-Directed Violence, Promoting Therapeutic Relationship and Enhancing Support Network, Promoting Activities of Daily Living and Self-Care, Providing Emotional Support and Enhancing Self-Esteem, Initiating Patient Education and Health Teachings, Administer Medications and Provide Pharmacologic Support.

• #10 Major Depression Nursing Care Plans – 9 Nursing Diagnosis – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/major-depression-nursing-care-plans/

  Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with major depressive disorders. Learn about the nursing assessment, nursing interventions, goals and nursing diagnosis for major depression in this guide. […] Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 5% to 17%, with the average being 12%. […] Nursing care plans and management for clients with major depression include determining a degree of impairment, assessing the clients coping abilities, assisting the client to deal with the current situation, increasing the clients self-esteem, promoting the clients safety, improving the clients social support, and promoting health and wellness. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with major depression: Assess suicide risk, Monitor mood and behavior changes, Administer prescribed antidepressant medication, Facilitate regular psychotherapy sessions, Provide education on depression management.

• #11 Major Depression Nursing Care Management

  https://nurseslabs.com/major-depression/

  Nursing Assessment: Subjective cues include verbalization of inability to cope or ask for help, sleep disturbance and fatigue, abuse of chemical agents, and reports of muscular or emotional tensions, and lack of appetite. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Ineffective Coping related to situational or maturational crises, Hopelessness related to long-term stress, Fatigue related to stress and anxiety. […] Nursing Interventions: Provide for patients physical needs. Assist with self-care and personal hygiene. Encourage the patient to eat. […] Educate patient about depression. Explain that depression can be eased by expressing feelings and engaging in pleasurable activities. Emphasize that there are effective methods available for relief of symptoms. […] Stress the need for medication compliance. Review adverse effects with the patient.

• #12 7.5 Applying the Nursing Process to Depressive Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/7-5-applying-the-nursing-process-to-depressive-disorders/

  Assessing a client with a depressive disorder focuses on both verbal and nonverbal assessments. […] The role of the nurse in caring for clients with depression is related to primary nursing care, as well as collaboration with interprofessional team members. […] Risk for suicide is always evaluated for clients with depressive disorders because suicidal ideation is a symptom of depression. […] Nurses target interventions based on the clients current phase of treatment and recovery. […] A combination of pharmacological treatments and psychotherapies are often an effective approach to treating depressive disorders. […] Nurses assist in implementing collaborative interventions based on the clients treatment plan. […] It is important to support the family members and significant others who are living with an individual with a depressive disorder. […] Evaluation of the clients progress towards meeting expected outcomes occurs continuously throughout the treatment phase.

• #13 Major Depression: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/major-depression-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Major depressive disorder can make even simple tasks like showering or doing the dishes seem monumental. Help the patient set goals and priorities when their energy is limited, such as getting dressed for the day or taking the dog for a walk. […] Major depression can affect the patients motivation and energy in completing self-care tasks. […] Depression itself is a barrier but the nurse can delve further into the causes of the patients poor self-care. The patient may lack the energy, time, assistance, or may feel the tasks are unimportant. […] A patient should be directly asked if they want to kill themself and if they have a specific plan to do so to determine intent. […] If on an inpatient behavioral health unit, the patient may require 1:1 supervision to ensure safety. Items that could be used to harm themselves such as clothing items, cords, and sharp objects should be removed.

• #14 7.5 Applying the Nursing Process to Depressive Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts

  https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/nursingmhcc/chapter/7-5-applying-the-nursing-process-to-depressive-disorders/

  The client may have feelings of guilt regarding themselves and their depression. […] The client will communicate feelings and thoughts of suicide to the health care team, prior to acting on thoughts, during their inpatient stay. […] Clients with depression are at higher risk of suicide when experiencing sudden euphoric recovery from major depression. […] The client will identify effective coping strategies within 24 hours of admission. […] The client will engage in preferred stress management techniques by Day 3 of admission. […] The client will increase participation in baseline personal care each day during their stay. […] The client will, within one week, report feeling rested upon awakening. […] The client will eat 50% or more on their meal tray at each meal. […] The client will have a soft, formed stool at least every three days during their inpatient stay.

• #14 7.5 Applying the Nursing Process to Depressive Disorders – Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts

  https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/nursingmhcc/chapter/7-5-applying-the-nursing-process-to-depressive-disorders/

  The client will communicate with others during their inpatient stay by participating in daily group offerings within the milieu. […] The client will verbalize at least three personal strengths within three days of admission. […] The client will describe plans for a positive future by discharge. […] The client will identify a meaning and purpose in life within two weeks. […] A combination of pharmacological treatments and psychotherapies are often an effective approach to treating depressive disorders. […] Nurses target interventions based on the clients current phase of treatment and recovery. […] Nurses assist in implementing collaborative interventions based on the clients treatment plan. […] It is important to support the family members and significant others who are living with an individual with a depressive disorder.

• #15 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Depression | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-ncp-for-depression

  Impaired Social Interaction related to withdrawal and reduced interest in activities. […] Hopelessness related to negative thinking and depressive mood. […] Suicide Risk Assessment: Regularly assess for suicidal ideation and plan appropriate interventions. […] Encourage Social Interaction: Promote participation in group activities or therapy sessions. […] Sleep Hygiene Education: Provide guidance on establishing a regular sleep routine and a conducive sleeping environment. […] Coping Strategies: Teach stress management and coping skills. […] Assist with Self-Care Activities: Encourage and assist with daily self-care routines.

• #16 Depression Nursing Care Plan: Diagnosis, Assessment, & Intervention

  https://simplenursing.com/nursing-diagnosis-for-depression/

  Nursing care plans provide effective interventions and the rationale for each diagnosis in the care plan. […] Nursing interventions for a patient with depression symptoms may appear as the following: Limit complex words, Identify suicide risk and supervision needs, Initiate one-to-one activities, Initiate group activities, Create a no-suicide agreement, Referral to local support groups, Encourage alternative, healthy ways of expressing feelings.

• #17 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mood Disorders (Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-mood-disorders-major-depressive-disorder-bipolar-disorder

  Assess the risk of suicidality and self-harm by exploring thoughts, plans, and intent. […] Evaluate cognitive function, including concentration, memory, and thought content. […] Explore sleep patterns, including insomnia or hypersomnia, and changes in appetite or weight. […] Obtain a detailed medication history, including current and past psychiatric medications. […] Evaluate the individuals level of functional impairment in daily activities, work, and relationships. […] Determine if the client is an active risk to self or others and what safety precautions need to be initiated. […] Provide for the safety of the client and others. […] Clients who agree to a written contract are often less likely to carry out a suicide plan. It shows the client that they have value. […] Determine if the clients symptoms are caused by or exacerbated by the use of drugs or alcohol.

• #18 Major Depression Nursing Care Plans – 9 Nursing Diagnosis – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/major-depression-nursing-care-plans/

  Preventing self-violence in patients with major depression involves implementing measures to ensure a secure a safe environment by removing potential means for self-harm and closely monitoring the patients whereabouts. […] Clients need a network of resources to help diminish personal feelings of helplessness, worthlessness, and isolation. Engaging the family can be a critical component of a treatment plan, especially for pediatric and late-onset depression. […] ECT is a highly effective treatment for depression, especially when the client has a high risk of suicide. […] The client may have tried to overcome feelings of hopelessness with harmful and ineffective behaviors. […] Clients can learn alternative ways of dealing with overwhelming emotions and gain a sense of control over his/her life.

• #19 Major Depression Nursing Care Plans – 9 Nursing Diagnosis – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/major-depression-nursing-care-plans/

  It is essential to give clients resources for safety and support when feelings and thoughts about suicide become hard to manage. […] Administer antidepressants, as prescribed. […] Depression screening tests can be valuable, with the most widely used one being the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). […] The support network of patients with major depression has a significant impact on their recovery. […] Emotional support involves offering empathetic listening, validation of feelings, and providing a safe space for patients with major depression to express their emotions. […] Patient education for individuals with major depression is needed in helping in understanding the nature of the condition, the available treatment options, and self-management strategies. […] Medications commonly used in the treatment of major depression include antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and atypical antidepressants.

• #20 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mood Disorders (Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-mood-disorders-major-depressive-disorder-bipolar-disorder

  Clients experiencing suicidal behaviors or manic episodes may give away valuables or money indiscriminately and may become victims of theft. […] Helps client verbalize and identify the cause of their actions. Builds trust and rapport. […] Clients who are depressed have difficulty concentrating. Allows client time to calm down. […] Overstimulation during manic episodes may cause an exacerbation of symptoms. […] Help improve the clients self-image and confidence. […] Reduce the chance of overstimulation to minimize aggression or agitation. […] Clients experiencing mania often have poor impulse control and may become hostile. […] Religious services may be offered, but are not required. Clients often have deep cultural or religious views and may benefit from these services. […] Promote healthy sleep hygiene and encourage rest and relaxation which can decrease mania and improve mood.

• #21 Depression (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568733/

  Education plays an important role in the successful treatment of major depressive disorder. This would include the education of the family and the patient. Lack of accurate information and misperceptions of the illness as a personal weakness or failing leads to painful stigmatization and avoidance of the diagnosis by many of those affected. Patients should know the rationale behind the choice of treatment, potential adverse effects, and expected results. The involvement of the patient in the treatment plan can enhance medication compliance and referral for psychotherapy. Engaging family members can be a critical component of a treatment plan. Family members are helpful informants, can ensure medication compliance, be a big source of social support and can encourage patients to change behaviors that perpetuate depression (e.g., inactivity). […] The outcomes for patients with depression are guarded. There is no cure and the condition has frequent relapses and remissions, leading to a poor quality of life.

• #22 Depression (Nursing) Article

  https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/20367

  Education plays an important role in the successful treatment of major depressive disorder. […] The entire interprofessional healthcare team, including the patient and family, should be part of the discharge planning with the goal of reducing the need for readmission and helping the person achieve the highest level of functioning possible. […] Patients with moderate to severe depression should also be seen by a social worker to ensure that they have a support system and finances for treatment. […] Overall, depression is managed by an interprofessional team dedicated to the management of mental health disorders. […] The outcomes for patients with depression are guarded. There is no cure and the condition has frequent relapses and remissions, leading to a poor quality of life. […] An important role of the nurse is teaching the patient about depression, its symptoms, treatments, and how to promote overall health and wellbeing.

• #23 Depression (Nursing) Article

  https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/nursingarticle/20367

  Remind patient that alcohol and other mood-altering drugs, whether legal or illegal, can impact mood. […] Patients should know the rationale behind the choice of treatment, potential adverse effects, and expected results. […] The involvement of the pharmacist in the treatment plan can enhance medication compliance and referral for psychotherapy. […] The outcomes for patients with depression are guarded. There is no cure and the condition has frequent relapses and remissions, leading to a poor quality of life.

• #24 Major depressive disorder in adults: Approach to initial management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-depressive-disorder-in-adults-approach-to-initial-management

  Given clinical equipoise between treatment options for most patients and that treatment effectiveness depends on adherence, we elicit and integrate patients’ preferences and priorities into discussions about treatment selection and engage in shared decision-making to develop a treatment plan. […] We generally target treatment strategies based on the severity of the patient’s depression. […] Individuals with mild major depression have at least five depression symptoms and a PHQ-9 symptom score of 5 to 9. […] For individuals with moderate major depression, we suggest treatment with either an antidepressant or in-person psychotherapy. […] For patients with severe major depression, we suggest combination therapy rather than other treatment regimens. […] Antidepressants are typically used for moderate to severe depressive disorders given their efficacy, availability, and acceptability to patients.

• #25 Major Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/major-depression-a-to-z

  There are no specific tests for depression. […] On average, untreated episodes last several months. […] If depression is not treated, it can become chronic (long-lasting). […] There is no way to prevent major depression, but detecting it early can help. […] The most helpful treatment is a combination of psychotherapy and medication. […] It often takes two to six weeks from the start of medication to see improvement. […] A number of psychotherapy techniques have been demonstrated to be helpful, depending on the causes of the depression. […] If you suffer from depression, you will benefit from educating yourself about the illness. […] Options for severe or persistent depression despite the usual medications include electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ketamine, and transcranial medical stimulation.

• #26 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  Fortunately, depression is very treatable. […] Depression is among the most treatable of mental disorders. Between 70% and 90% percent of people with depression eventually respond well to treatment. […] To diagnose depression, a healthcare professional will conduct a thorough diagnostic evaluation that includes a comprehensive interview to discuss your symptoms in addition to your personal, medical and family histories. […] Psychiatrists usually recommend that patients continue to take medication for six or more months after the depressive symptoms have improved. […] Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is also often recommended. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), one of the most common forms of psychotherapy, has been found to be effective in treating depression. […] ECT is a medical treatment that is generally reserved for those with severe depressive episodes who have not responded to other treatments.

• #26 Psychiatry.org – What Is Depression?

  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

  There are a number of things people can do to help reduce the symptoms of depression. For many people, regular exercise helps create positive feeling and improves mood. […] Depression is a real illness and help is available. With proper diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with depression will overcome it. If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, a first step is to see your family physician or psychiatrist. Talk about your concerns and request a thorough evaluation.

• #27 Major Depressive Disorder in Adults – Diagnosis and Management – Province of British Columbia

  https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/practitioner-professional-resources/bc-guidelines/depression-in-adults

  The goal of acute treatment is remission of symptoms (e.g., PHQ-9 score 5) and to restore psychosocial functioning. The goal of maintenance treatment is to return to full social and occupational function and to prevent recurrence. […] Recommend lifestyle management for all patients with depression. […] Recommend psychotherapy in the acute phase of mild to moderate depression and/or maintenance phase of depression treatment to prevent relapse. […] Recommend antidepressant medications for patients with moderate to severe depression. […] Continue patients on antidepressants for at least 6 months after full remission of symptoms or achievement of treatment goals. […] Consultation with a psychiatrist is recommended for: Bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms and/or a substance use disorder; Risk of suicide or harm to others; Severe co-morbid psychiatric or medical illness; History of treatment resistance; Failed to respond to standard treatment (at adequate dosage and time-period); An unclear diagnosis that needs a more comprehensive evaluation; and Therapeutic relationship has broken down.

• #28 Major Depressive Disorder Rates Are Increasing — What Nurse Practitioners Need to Know

  https://www.aanp.org/news-feed/major-depressive-disorder-rates-are-increasing-what-nurse-practitioners-need-to-know

  Patients experiencing stigma around MDD may continue to be resistant to a diagnosis, even with the results of a screening test in hand. […] Anderson suggests comparing the diagnosis of MDD to a physical disease, an adjustment in perspective that may help a patient see MDD as a treatable illness instead of a personal failing. […] Treatment for MDD may include psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or a mixture of the two. […] When treating MDD and any co-occurring conditions with medication, nurse practitioners (NPs) work with patients to identify the best option. […] However, medications do not work unless they are taken. […] After 30 days of treatment, almost half of patients discontinue antidepressant therapy. […] Anticipatory guidance is super important. […] Additionally, letting patients know how long they may expect to have side effects and what side effects are outside the range of what is appropriate is crucial.

• #29 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013

  Psychotherapy is a general term for treating depression by talking about your condition and related issues with a mental health professional. Psychotherapy is also known as talk therapy or psychological therapy. […] Different types of psychotherapy can be effective for depression, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy. Your mental health professional may also recommend other types of therapies. […] Relying solely on these therapies is generally not enough to treat depression. They may be helpful when used in addition to medication and psychotherapy. […] Talk with your doctor or therapist about improving your coping skills, and try these tips: […] Don’t stop taking an antidepressant without talking to your doctor first. Antidepressants aren’t considered addictive, but sometimes physical dependence (which is different from addiction) can occur.

• #30 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013

  If you’re pregnant or breast-feeding, some antidepressants may pose an increased health risk to your unborn child or nursing child. Talk with your doctor if you become pregnant or you’re planning to become pregnant. […] Most antidepressants are generally safe, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires all antidepressants to carry a black box warning, the strictest warning for prescriptions. In some cases, children, teenagers and young adults under age 25 may have an increase in suicidal thoughts or behavior when taking antidepressants, especially in the first few weeks after starting or when the dose is changed.

• #31 Depression | NAMI

  https://www.nami.org/about-mental-illness/mental-health-conditions/depression/

  Depressive disorder, frequently referred to simply as depression, is more than just feeling sad or going through a rough patch. It’s a serious mental health condition that requires understanding and medical care. Left untreated, depression can be devastating for those who have it and their families. Fortunately, with early detection, diagnosis and a treatment plan consisting of medication, psychotherapy and healthy lifestyle choices, many people can and do get better. […] Many treatment options are available for depression, but how well treatment works depends on the type of depression and its severity. For most people, psychotherapy and medications give better results together than either alone, but this is something to review with your mental health care provider. […] Although depressive disorder can be a devastating illness, it often responds to treatment. The key is to get a specific evaluation and treatment plan. Safety planning is important for individuals who have suicidal thoughts. After an assessment rules out medical and other possible causes, a patient-centered treatment plans can include any or a combination of the following: Psychotherapy including cognitive behavioral therapy, family-focused therapy and interpersonal therapy.

• #32 Major depressive disorder in adults: Approach to initial management – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-depressive-disorder-in-adults-approach-to-initial-management

  We suggest psychotherapy as an option for most individuals with MDD given that it has demonstrated efficacy for improving remission rates compared with placebo and has minimal harms. […] We encourage exercise or increased physical activity to augment response to standard treatment in patients with severe MDD. […] We suggest that patients with depression in primary care settings receive depression care in the context of system-levels interventions, such as collaborative care. […] Individuals with major depression who exhibit features of psychosis, mania, or catatonia or are at imminent risk of harming themselves or others should be referred to the emergency department for urgent evaluation and possible inpatient hospitalization.

• #33 Major depressive disorder – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

  Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. […] Those with major depressive disorder are typically treated with psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. […] Hospitalization (which may be involuntary) may be necessary in cases with associated self-neglect or a significant risk of harm to self or others. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered if other measures are not effective. […] Major depressive disorder is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors, with about 40% of the risk being genetic. […] It can negatively affect a person’s personal life, work life, or education, and cause issues with a person’s sleeping habits, eating habits, and general health.

• #34 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  Treatment options include: Psychotherapy (talk therapy) involves talking with a mental health professional. Your therapist helps you identify and change unhealthy emotions, thoughts and behaviors. […] Prescription medicine called antidepressants can help change the brain chemistry that causes depression. […] Brain stimulation therapy can help people who have severe depression or depression with psychosis. […] If you have depression symptoms, get help as soon as possible. […] With proper diagnosis and treatment, the vast majority of people with depression live healthy, fulfilling lives. Depression can return after you get treatment, though, so its important to seek medical help as soon as symptoms begin again. […] If you have symptoms of depression, see a healthcare provider or mental health professional. They can give you an accurate diagnosis and suggest treatment options. […] The good news is that depression is treatable. If you have symptoms of depression, talk to your healthcare provider. The sooner you get help, the sooner you can feel better.

• #35 Depressive Disorders – Psychiatric Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/mood-disorders/depressive-disorders

  For diagnosis of major depressive disorder, ≥ 5 of the following must have been present nearly every day during the same 2-week period, and one of them must be depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure. […] Patients with significant suicidal ideation, particularly when family support is lacking, require hospitalization, as do those with psychotic symptoms or physical debilitation. […] Depression, especially in patients who have had > 1 episode, is likely to recur; therefore, severe cases often warrant the long-term use of medications for maintenance therapy. […] Prolonged grief disorder may benefit from psychotherapy specifically tailored to this disorder. […] Numerous randomized trials have shown that psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, is effective in patients with major depressive disorder, both to treat acute symptoms and to decrease the likelihood of relapse. […] SSRIs are usually tried first, and if they are ineffective, other medications that affect serotonin, norepinephrine and/or dopamine may be tried.

• #36 Depression | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/depression

  Everyone feels sad, blue, or disappointed at times. However, when feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or worthlessness persist and begin to interfere with your daily life, this may be a sign of depression. […] As part of our Mood Disorders Consultation Service, our experts manage all types of depression, including major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, and persistent depressive disorder. […] Treatment of depression often includes psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both. […] Electroconvulsive therapy may be used when other therapies are not successful in people with severe depression. […] Deep brain stimulation may be used to treat people with severe depression.

• #37 Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) – PsychDB

  https://www.psychdb.com/mood/1-depression/home

  Psychotherapy is appropriate for both men and women, individuals of all ages, all levels of education, and all cultural and ethnic backgrounds. […] Exercise has evidence as a treatment for mild to moderate depression and is recommended for all individuals. Antidepressants and/or psychotherapy may not adequately treat all patients with depression. Combining these treatments with lifestyle changes through exercise is supported by well-designed studies. […] In cases of severe, treatment-refractory depression, or in cases where there are significant safety concerns, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be a safe and rapid treatment. […] Light therapy is indicated for treatment of depression with seasonal affective subtype and can also be used in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.

• #38 Overview – Depression in adults – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/depression-in-adults/overview/

  Depression is more than simply feeling unhappy or fed up for a few days. […] Depression is not a sign of weakness or something you can „snap out of” by „pulling yourself together”. […] The good news is that with the right treatment and support, most people with depression can make a full recovery. […] It’s important to seek help from a GP if you think you may be depressed. […] The sooner you see a doctor, the sooner you can be on the way to recovery. […] Treatment for depression can involve a combination of lifestyle changes, talking therapies and medicine. […] For moderate to severe depression, a combination of talking therapy and antidepressants is often recommended. […] If you have severe depression, you may be referred to a specialist mental health team for intensive specialist talking treatments and prescribed medicine. […] Many people with depression benefit by making lifestyle changes, such as getting more exercise, cutting down on alcohol, giving up smoking and eating healthily. […] Reading a self-help book or joining a support group are also worthwhile.

• #39 Moderate Depression: Symptoms, Treatment, and Coping

  https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-moderate-depression-5072794

  Moderate major depressive disorder involves persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and other depression symptoms that can interfere with normal functioning. Such symptoms are more significant than mild depression but not as impairing as severe depression. […] Moderately severe depression is marked by two main symptoms: persistent low mood and decreased interest in activities. […] Women are almost twice as likely to experience depression as men. While moderate depression may be less severe, it does cause impairments in work, school, home, or social difficulties. […] Moderately severe depression may be treated with psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of the two. […] Regular physical activity has been shown to help prevent and treat depression. Studies have even shown that exercise can be an effective first-line treatment in cases of mild to moderate depression. […] While antidepressants are the most effective choice for people who have severe depression, lifestyle modifications may be a helpful choice for people who have mild or moderate symptoms of major depressive disorder.

• #40 Depression: Causes, symptoms, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8933

  Depression is treatable, though the treatment options may depend on the exact type of depression a person is living with. […] Managing symptoms may involve one or more of the following components: Support, Psychotherapy, Drug treatment, Procedures. […] Antidepressants can help treat moderate to severe depression. […] Psychotherapy approaches that may help treat depression include CBT, interpersonal psychotherapy, and problem-solving treatment. […] By raising endorphin levels and stimulating neurotransmitters, aerobic exercise can potentially ease depression and anxiety. […] If depression does not respond to drug treatment, a person may benefit from ECT. […] If a person suspects they have depression, they should speak with a doctor or a mental health professional. […] A qualified professional can rule out various causes, provide an accurate diagnosis, and recommend safe and effective treatment.

• #41 Major Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/major-depression-a-to-z

  In major depression, the most prominent symptom is a severe and persistent low mood, profound sadness, or a sense of despair. […] Major depression is more than just a passing blue mood, a „bad day,” or temporary sadness. […] Many people with depression also have anxiety. […] Depression probably involves changes in the areas of the brain that control mood. […] A major depressive episode may occur just once in a person’s life or may return repeatedly. […] During a major depressive episode, thinking can get out of step with reality. […] A major depressive episode may occur within the first two to three months after giving birth to a baby. […] Depression that occurs mainly during the winter months is usually called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD. […] A depressed person may gain or lose weight, eat more or less than usual, have difficulty concentrating, and have trouble sleeping or sleep more than usual.

• #42 Depression | health.vic.gov.au

  https://www.health.vic.gov.au/older-people-in-hospital/cognition-dementia-delirium-and-depression/depression

  Treatment for depression can be complicated and take longer to take effect in older people; however, prognosis for depression in older age is no worse than for younger patients. […] We can implement various strategies to improve an older person’s outcomes during their stay in hospital, contribute to their recovery and prevent the risk of functional decline. […] Encourage and help patients to eat and drink well and help prevent constipation. Depressed patients have more eating and digestive problems and there is a significant link between under-nutrition and depression. […] Always involve the patient and their carers and family in the care plan and decision making. Give patients and their family and carers information about depression and how to stay well. […] The discharge plan promotes continued improvement in a persons mental health through psychological intervention, medication, physical activity, social connection, and regular contact with the patients GP.

• #43 Caring for Someone with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

  https://us.trintellix.com/depression/support

  TRINTELLIX (vortioxetine) is a prescription medicine used in adults to treat a certain type of depression called Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). […] If someone you care about has been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), you can help support them in many ways. […] Being a caregiver for someone with MDD can be difficult for you as well, so dont forget to take the time to look after yourself. […] Encourage your loved one to visit their healthcare professional to seek help. […] Remember that MDD is a complex medical condition. Offer your loved one support and patience. […] Talk to your loved one; listen carefully and without judgment. […] Continue to invite your loved one to participate in outings and activities. […] A professional can help you and your loved one work through difficult conversations and feelings. […] No one chooses to be depressed. Depression is a complex medical condition. […] You cannot control your loved ones recovery, but you can support them along the way.

• #44 Caring for Someone with Major Depression – Bridges to Recovery

  https://www.bridgestorecovery.com/major-depression/caring-someone-major-depression/

  Caring for someone with major depression requires patience, compassion, and an ability to listen. Offer support and assistance without judgment and without belittling the person’s experiences. Encourage someone struggling with depression to seek professional guidance, to get a diagnosis, and to stick to a treatment plan. Be persistent until the person you care about is willing to get help. It is also important to be on the lookout for signs of suicidal thoughts and to speak up and get help if necessary. […] If you recognize any of these signs in someone you care about, and if they persist or do not seem to go away after several days or a week, your loved one may have major depression. It is important that he or she get a professional medical opinion, preferably an evaluation and diagnosis by a psychiatrist. This can be a difficult subject to broach, but it is important to reach out and offer help so they can get treatment for major depression.

• #45 Depression (Major Depressive Disorder): Symptoms, Causes And Treatments – Mission Connection Healthcare

  https://missionconnectionhealthcare.com/what-we-treat/depression-treatment/major-depressive-disorder/

  Inpatient depression treatment involves 24/7 care in a controlled environment, ideal for individuals needing intensive support. Outpatient treatment for depression allows individuals to live at home while attending therapy sessions, offering more flexibility. Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP) are a middle ground, providing structured care without full-time residence. Each option offers unique benefits depending on the severity of the condition and the individual’s needs. Selecting the right treatment for depression depends on factors such as daily responsibilities and the level of care required for major depression treatment. […] At Mission Connection, our outpatient program provides flexible, personalized care for individuals seeking effective ways to manage depression.

• #46 Depression (major depressive disorder) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013

  Your doctor may determine a diagnosis of depression based on: […] Medications and psychotherapy are effective for most people with depression. Your primary care doctor or psychiatrist can prescribe medications to relieve symptoms. However, many people with depression also benefit from seeing a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional. […] Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your depression (major depressive disorder)-related health concerns Start Here. […] In some people, depression is so severe that a hospital stay is needed. This may be necessary if you can’t care for yourself properly or when you’re in immediate danger of harming yourself or someone else. Psychiatric treatment at a hospital can help keep you calm and safe until your mood improves.

• #47 Major depression – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/major-depression

  Major depression is a mood disorder. It occurs when feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration get in the way of your life over a long period of time. It also changes how your body works. […] Depression can be treated. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the depression and what you or your provider prefer. Treatment often includes medicines, with or without talk therapy but sometimes, talk therapy is used alone. […] Antidepressants are medicines used to treat depression. They work by bringing back the chemicals in your brain to the right levels. This helps relieve your symptoms. […] Talk therapy is counseling to talk about your feelings and thoughts, and help you learn how to deal with them. […] Your provider will ask about your medical history and symptoms. Your answers can help your provider diagnose depression and determine how severe it may be. […] If you are thinking about suicide or are very depressed and cannot function, you may need to be treated in a hospital.

• #48 Five-year outcome of major depressive disorder in primary health care | Psychological Medicine | Cambridge Core

  https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/fiveyear-outcome-of-major-depressive-disorder-in-primary-health-care/1B0FA21418FF7AC65DB70BD61F8EC27B

  Primary health care provides treatment for most patients with depression. […] In the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study, a stratified random sample of 1119 patients representing primary care patients in a Finnish city was screened for depression with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. […] Altogether, 82% of patients completed the 5-year follow-up, including 102 patients with a research diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) at baseline. […] Of the MDD patients, 70% reached full remission, in a median time of 20 months. […] The patients spent 34% of the follow-up time in MDEs, 24% in partial remission and 42% in full remission. […] Severity of depressive symptoms and substance use co-morbidity should be systematically evaluated in planning treatment.

• #49 Major Depressive Disorder (Nursing) – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570554/

  Patient education has a profound impact on the overall outcome of major depressive disorder. […] Nurses can also provide education about the side effects and expected treatment response when patients are prescribed anti-depressant medications. […] Discharge planning should focus on treatment adherence, side effects of treatments, educating the patient and their family about when to seek help, and coordinating appropriate follow up care. […] MDD is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders and causes of disability in the United States. Risk factors for MDD include internal factors, external factors, and adverse life events. Treatments for MDD include medications, psychotherapy, lifestyle modifications, and brain stimulation therapies. Nurses play an important role in the interdisciplinary team with screening and recognizing the signs and symptoms of MDD, making referrals to healthcare team members, and providing education about the disease and the medications prescribed.

• #50 Depression: Collaborative Care | The Community Guide

  https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/mental-health-and-mental-illness-collaborative-care-management-depressive-disorders.html

  The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommends collaborative care for the management of depressive disorders based on strong evidence of effectiveness in improving depression symptoms, adherence to treatment, response to treatment, and remission and recovery from depression. […] Collaborative care for the management of depressive disorders is a multicomponent, healthcare system-level intervention that uses case managers to link primary care providers, patients, and mental health specialists. […] Collaborative care models typically have case managers, who support primary care providers with functions such as patient education, patient follow up to track depression outcomes and adherence to treatment, and adjustment of treatment plans for patients who do not improve. […] Primary care providers are usually responsible for routine screening for and diagnosing of depressive disorders, initiating treatment for depression, and referring patients to mental health specialists as needed.

• #51 Depression: Collaborative Care | The Community Guide

  https://www.thecommunityguide.org/findings/mental-health-and-mental-illness-collaborative-care-management-depressive-disorders.html

  These mental health specialists provide clinical advice and decision support to primary care providers and case managers. […] The CPSTF finding is based on evidence from a systematic review published in 2006 combined with more recent evidence. […] The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for depression in adults and adolescents in outpatient primary care settings when adequate systems are in place for efficient diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for depressive disorders. […] Results show that collaborative care led to the following favorable and statistically significant effects: reduction in the number of depression symptoms patients experienced, increased antidepressant use and improved adherence to treatment. […] Patients receiving collaborative care had fewer depression symptoms, more often took the medication prescribed for their depression, showed a response to treatment, and were more likely to have remission of symptoms or recovery from depression.

• #52 Major Depression – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/major-depression-a-to-z

  Depression is a painful and potentially dangerous illness, so you should contact a health care professional if you have any suspicion that you or a loved one is depressed. […] Treatment of depression has become quite sophisticated and effective. […] When treatment is successful, it is important to stay in close touch with your doctor or therapist, because maintenance treatment is often required to prevent depression from returning.

• #53 Caring for Someone with Major Depression – Bridges to Recovery

  https://www.bridgestorecovery.com/major-depression/caring-someone-major-depression/

  Once your loved one has gotten a diagnosis from a mental health professional, he or she will still need your help and support with ongoing care. Just as when you first talked to your loved one about your concerns, the most important thing you can do is be compassionate and non-judgmental, while making sure your family member, friend, or partner knows that you are there to provide support. […] Caring for someone with depression can be emotionally and physically draining, especially if you live with this person. Studies have found that caregivers of people with major depression have a decreased quality of life, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Avoid burnout and compassion fatigue by remembering to take care of you too. […] A very real risk of depression is suicide. Not all people with depression will attempt suicide, but it is a greater risk than in someone without this mental health condition.

• #54 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Mood Disorders (Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-mood-disorders-major-depressive-disorder-bipolar-disorder

  Promotes independence while minimizing the stress of complex instructions. […] Antidepressants and antimanic medications may be given to improve client functioning and the effectiveness of interventions. […] Regularly monitor mood symptoms and assess their severity using standardized tools. […] Evaluate medication adherence and monitor for potential side effects. […] Assess improvements in functionality and overall quality of life. […] Monitor for the prevention of mood episode recurrence. […] Evaluate the individuals ability to apply coping skills and psychoeducation in managing mood disorder challenges.

• #55 Depression: Screening and Diagnosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/1015/p508.html

  The PHQ-2 can be used in the older population and may have similar effectiveness with greater brevity and ease of use than other instruments. […] The incidence of depression is higher in patients with chronic medical conditions. […] When screening is positive for possible depression, the diagnosis should be confirmed using DSM-5 criteria. […] It is reasonable to obtain basic laboratory testing when confirming the diagnosis of depression, especially in older patients, to exclude medical conditions that may mimic depression.

• #56 Depression & Suicide: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com

  https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/depression-and-suicide/?srsltid=AfmBOopT8NLnT7XT8Rkrdj8B9XTiMk4kjH46uKvhMl2IRMG7EssXIQb_

  Depression is a multifaceted mood disorder involving the limbic system and affecting dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. It causes an imbalance in neurotransmitter and receptor function. The condition is also known as depressive illness, seasonal affective disorder, and suicidal ideation. […] The goals of managing depression include: Keeping the individual from harm, potentially with inpatient monitoring, administering prescribed medications, assisting the individual and family to set realistic goals and outcomes, instituting safety precautions, referring for counseling and follow-up psychiatric care. […] Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnosis, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for individuals with depression and suicide are listed below.

• #57 Symptoms and causes of depression and its diagnosis and management | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/mental-health/symptoms-and-causes-of-depression-and-its-diagnosis-and-management-30-03-2020/

  Depression is a major public health issue in the UK and worldwide (Norman and Ryrie, 2018). […] Nurses work at the forefront of patient interaction and care. It is, therefore, essential that they understand depression, along with its signs, symptoms and clinical, social and economic impacts to be able to provide effective person-centred care. […] Treatment and support for depression can come from many health professionals in primary or secondary care, depending on the severity of symptoms. Mental health nurses, GPs, occupational therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists can all provide evidence-based interventions. Core interventions for nurses working with people with depression include: Psychological approaches; Psycho-education (the process of providing education and information to people seeking or receiving mental health services and their families); Medications management; Monitoring.

• #58 Depression: Causes, Symptoms, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9290-depression

  Depression is treatable usually with talk therapy, medication or both. Seeking medical help as soon as you have symptoms is essential. […] Clinical depression, or major depressive disorder, is often just called depression. Its the most severe type of depression. […] Without treatment, depression can get worse and last longer. In severe cases, it can lead to self-harm or death by suicide. The good news is that treatments can be very effective in improving symptoms. […] A diagnosis of major depressive disorder means youve felt sad, low or worthless most days for at least two weeks while also having other symptoms such as sleep problems, loss of interest in activities or change in appetite. This is the most severe form of depression and one of the most common forms. […] Depression is one of the most treatable mental health conditions. Approximately 80% to 90% of people with depression who seek treatment eventually respond well to treatment.

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