Materiały źródłowe

• #1 A review of neurological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination | European Journal of Medical Research | Full Text

  https://eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0

  Following the COVID-19 virus epidemic, extensive, coordinated international research has led to the rapid development of effective vaccines. […] According to these reports, vaccination can have an adverse event, especially on nervous system. The most important and common complications are cerebrovascular disorders including cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and demyelinating disorders including transverse myelitis, first manifestation of MS, and neuromyelitis optica. […] These effects are often acute and transient, but they can be severe and even fatal in a few cases. […] Complications usually appear within one day to 1 month after injection and are usually acute, transient, and self-limiting, but in severe cases lead to hospitalization and intensive care.

• #1 COVID-19 vaccine – what you need to know – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/covid-19-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know

  COVID-19 vaccine can prevent COVID-19 disease. Vaccination can help reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease if you get sick. […] Possible symptoms include fever or chills, cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue (tiredness), muscle or body aches, headache, new loss of taste or smell, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, or diarrhea. […] More serious symptoms can include trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion, inability to wake or stay awake, or pale, gray, or blue-colored skin, lips, or nail beds, depending on skin tone. […] Pain, swelling, or redness where the shot is given, fever, tiredness (fatigue), headache, chills, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea, vomiting, and swollen lymph nodes can happen after COVID-19 vaccination.

• #1 COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859

  Looking to get the facts about COVID-19 vaccines? Here’s what you need to know about the different vaccines and the benefits of getting vaccinated. […] Find out about the different types of COVID-19 vaccines, how they work, the possible side effects, and the benefits for you and your family. […] Factors that can affect how well you’re protected after a vaccine can include your age, if you’ve had COVID-19 before or if you have medical conditions such as cancer. […] How well a COVID-19 vaccine protects you also depends on timing, such as when you got the shot. And your level of protection depends on how the virus that causes COVID-19 changes and what variants the vaccine protects against. […] Yes. Catching the virus that causes COVID-19 or getting a COVID-19 vaccination gives you protection, also called immunity, from the virus. But over time, that protection seems to fade. The COVID-19 vaccine can boost your body’s protection.

• #1 COVID-19 vaccine side effects and reactions

  https://info.health.nz/immunisations/vaccines-aotearoa/covid-19-vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-and-reactions

  Like most medicines, you might experience some mild side effects in the days after getting your COVID-19 vaccine. This is common, and a sign that your body is learning to fight the virus. […] Most side effects do not last long, and will not stop you from having additional doses, or going about your daily life. They usually start within a day or 2 after your vaccine. […] The most common reported reactions are: pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, feeling tired or fatigued, headache, muscle aches or joint pains, chills, dizziness, swollen lymph nodes, nausea, fever, chest discomfort. […] Side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine are similar in tamariki and rangatahi to those seen in adults. Some side effects are more common after the second dose. […] Some side effects are more serious but rare, such as a severe allergic reaction.

• #1 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Managing post COVID-19 vaccination symptoms […] The most common adverse event across the main three COVID-19 vaccinations currently in use is pain or tenderness at the site of injection, closely followed by fatigue and headache. Fever is also a common and expected reaction, and it is therefore important to ensure that patients realise there is no need for them to isolate if they experience this following vaccination, unless there are other reasons to suspect COVID-19 infection. Symptoms are usually mild or moderate in intensity, resolve within a few days of vaccination, and tend to affect older people less. The impact of a second dose of vaccine on adverse reactions seems to vary depending on the vaccine in question. In AstraZeneca’s trials, reactions were reported less frequently following a second dose, while in Moderna’s the opposite was true.

• #1 COVID-19 Vaccine Frequently Asked Questions | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/faq.html

  COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy helps: […] Prevent severe illness and death in women who are pregnant. […] Adults and children may have some side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, including pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea. These side effects typically resolve after a few days. Serious side effects are rare but may occur. […] COVID-19 vaccines help prevent disease, hospitalization, and death. Unvaccinated people are more likely to get COVID-19 and much more likely to be hospitalized and to die from COVID-19, compared to people who are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccinations.

• #1 COVID-19: Vaccine safety and side effects – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/vaccines/safety-side-effects.html

  Only vaccines that meet Health Canada’s regulatory requirements for safety, effectiveness and quality are approved for use in Canada. COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of severe illness, death and post COVID-19 condition (long COVID). […] After being vaccinated, it’s common to have some minor side effects. This is normal and reflects the body’s natural response to vaccination, as it’s working to build immunity against the disease. These side effects usually last from a few hours to a few days after vaccination. […] Common vaccine side effects may include symptoms at the injection site, such as: redness, soreness, swelling. […] More general symptoms include: chills, fatigue, joint pain, headache, mild fever, muscle aches. […] Symptoms of an allergic reaction usually come on shortly after vaccination but may appear hours later. They may include reactions like difficulty breathing, hives and swelling of the face or airway.

• #1 Arm Rash After COVID-19 Vaccination: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia ImageLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19970.htm

  COVID-19 vaccines may cause certain side effects in some people. These symptoms can be a sign that your body is making antibodies against the virus. One common side effect is a red, itchy, warm, painful, swollen rash on the arm where you got the shot. This rash, which can be large, is also known as “COVID arm.” It may develop a few days to a week after getting the vaccine. While it may be uncomfortable, this reaction is harmless. You can take an antihistamine or an over-the-counter pain medicine to relieve itching and pain. Even if you have a rash after vaccination, it is important to get further shots as needed. If you are scheduled for a second shot, you may want to get it in the other arm or see if an alternative vaccine is available.

• #1 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Most frequently reported adverse reactions in COVID-19 vaccine trials […] Injection site pain 92% […] Injection site pain 80% […] Injection site tenderness 60% […] Fatigue 70% […] Fatigue 60% […] Injection site pain, headache, fatigue 50% […] Headache 65% […] Headache 50% […] Muscle pain, malaise 40% […] Muscle pain 62% […] Muscle pain 30% […] Joint pain 46% […] Chills 30% […] Joint pain 20% […] Chills 46% […] Nausea, vomiting 23% […] Fever 15.5% […] Injection site swelling 14.7% […] Redness 10%. […] Although there remains a lack of data about COVID-19 vaccine use during pregnancy, on weighing the risk posed by the disease against the potential risk to the foetus, pregnant people may choose to have a COVID-19 vaccination. For those who are pregnant, experiencing fever following vaccination brings with it the additional risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The CDC therefore recommend the use of paracetamol for this and other post-vaccination symptoms in pregnant people, if medically appropriate.

• #1

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-vaccination-what-to-expect-after-vaccination/what-to-expect-after-your-covid-19-vaccination

  People who are most at risk from the complications of coronavirus (COVID-19) are being offered the COVID-19 vaccination. This guide tells you what to expect after you have had your vaccination. […] Like all medicines, vaccines can cause side effects. Most of these are mild and short-term, and not everyone gets them. The common side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine start within a day and may last for a few days. […] These include: having a painful, heavy feeling and tenderness in the arm where you had your injection, feeling tired, headache, aches and chills. […] You may also have flu-like symptoms with episodes of shivering and shaking for a day or two. However, a high temperature could also indicate that you have COVID-19 or another infection. […] An uncommon side effect is swollen glands in the armpit or neck on the same side as the arm where you had the vaccine. This can last for around 10 days, but if it lasts longer see your doctor.

• #1 COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Safety

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/when-to-expect-covid-19-vaccination-side-effects-5176621

  It is not uncommon to experience side effects after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, most of which are relatively mild and short-lived. These commonly include side effects you might experience with other vaccines, such as injection site pain, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms. […] Although there is a risk of severe side effects, including heart inflammation and anaphylaxis, the risk is considered small compared to the benefits. […] For most, side effects tend to appear within 14 hours of the first vaccination and slightly longer for subsequent vaccinations. […] Following COVID vaccination, side effects, if any, tend to last one to three days. […] Symptoms typically include persistent headache, joint pain, muscle cramps, insomnia, visual disturbances, and „brain fog.” […] In addition to a risk of anaphylaxis, the other potentially severe side effects are myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the outer lining of the heart).

• #1 Side Effects and COVID-19 Vaccines: What to Expect | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2020/side-effects-and-covid-19-vaccines-what-to-expect

  Its totally normal to experience side effects from COVID-19 vaccines. Heres what you need to know. […] The most common side effect is soreness at the site of injection. Other side effects include fatigue, headache, muscle aches, chills, joint pain, and possibly some fever. […] Usually 24 to 48 hours, and no more than a few days. […] Side effects were more frequent after the second dose in the vaccine trials. […] These side effects are typical of the inflammation induced by vaccines and are a sign of the bodys immune response to the vaccine. […] Noin fact, vaccine side effects have been less frequent and severe in adults older than 55 years in the vaccine trials. […] You will be told about the side effects of the vaccine and when you should consult a health care worker at the time you are vaccinated.

• #1 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html

  COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, the flu, or pneumonia. Most common side effects are usually mild, such as soreness in the area where the shot was given. […] In infants and toddlers, common symptoms include irritability or crying, decreased appetite, and sleepiness. […] Severe allergic reactions following vaccination are rare but can be life threatening. Signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction can include: Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that needs to be treated with epinephrine (EpiPen) and that may require hospitalization. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, coughing, or wheezing. […] Myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination are rare. Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. Most patients with myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination respond well to medicine and rest and feel better quickly.

• #1 Side effects and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

  https://www2.hse.ie/screening-and-vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/side-effects/

  Like all medicines, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects. Most do not last long. Not everyone gets side effects. […] Serious side effects, like a severe allergic reaction, are extremely rare. Your vaccinator is trained to treat allergic reactions. […] Most side effects from COVID-19 vaccination do not last long. […] Its common to develop a fever (temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above) after COVID-19 vaccination. This usually happens within 48 hours of getting a vaccine. […] Very common side effects may affect more than 1 in 10 people. These include: tenderness or swelling in your arm where you had the vaccine, feeling tired, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, diarrhoea, fever (temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above), chills. […] In children age 2 to 4, the most common side effects include: tenderness or redness at the injection site, feeling tired, fever (temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above).

• #1 COVID-19 vaccines for kids: What you need to know

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/covid-19-vaccines-for-kids/art-20513332

  While rare, some children can become seriously ill with COVID-19 after getting the virus that causes COVID-19. […] A COVID-19 vaccine might prevent your child from getting the virus that causes COVID-19. It also may prevent your child from becoming seriously ill or having to stay in the hospital due to the COVID-19 virus. […] Children given COVID-19 vaccines have side effects similar to those faced by adults. The most commonly reported side effects include: Pain, redness or swelling where the shot was given. Tiredness. Headache. Chills. Muscle pain. Joint pain. Swollen lymph nodes. […] Children ages 6 months through 3 years old also might cry, feel sleepy or lose their appetite after vaccination. […] Similar to adults, children have side effects within two days after vaccination that typically last 1 to 3 days. More children reported these side effects, except for injection site pain, after the second dose of the vaccine. However, some people have no side effects.

• #1 Bracing for COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects? Here’s What to Expect | NYU Langone News

  https://nyulangone.org/news/bracing-covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-heres-what-expect

  Bracing for COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects? Heres What to Expect […] For most people, the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine are mild and dont last longbetween a few hours and a few days at most. Some people experience a sore arm, or flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and chills. […] A side effect is an expected reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine, Dr. Phillips says. It happens in a wide variety of folks. And when its over, your body is better able to protect you against severe disease. […] Here are the most commonly reported side effects: pain, redness, or swelling on the arm where you received the shot; tiredness; headache; muscle pain; fever or chills; nausea. […] A study involving more than 600,000 people who received the COVID-19 vaccine showed that a sore arm is the most commonly experienced side effect. One in four people experienced headache and fever. Side effects are more common in people under age 55, and women are more likely to experience them than men. People who had COVID-19 also are more likely to experience side effects than those who did not.

• #1 Exploring the reported adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines among vaccinated Arab populations: a multi-national survey study | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-54886-0

  Following the booster dose, the common AEs reported were local AEs in 160 participants (45.7%), fever in 82 participants (32.4%), and fatigue in 102 participants (30.0%). […] The frequency of AEs varied depending on the vaccine type. Among the vaccines, Johnson and Johnson (93.9%), Moderna (84.4%), Sputnik Light (85.3%), Sputnik V (82.6%), and Pfizer-BioNTech (82.1%) had significantly the highest frequency of reported AEs. […] The most prevalent local AEs, such as pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, were reported after the Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines. […] The most commonly reported general AEs were fatigue, body aches, fever, headache, and myalgia, which is in line with published studies. […] We observed a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of serious adverse events (AEs) among different vaccine types.

• #1 Feeling Rough After Your COVID Shot? Congrats, It’s Working! | UC San Francisco

  https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2024/06/427851/feeling-rough-after-your-covid-shot-congrats-its-working

  Fewer than 1 in 4 people in the U.S. have received last years updated COVID-19 vaccine, despite a death toll of more than 23,000 Americans this year. […] One of the most common reasons for bypassing the COVID vaccine is concern about side effects like tiredness, muscle and joint pain, chills, headache, fever, nausea and feeling generally unwell. But a new study, led by UC San Francisco, has found that the symptoms indicate a robust immune response that is likely to lessen the chances of infection. […] While the symptoms from vaccination can be very unpleasant, its important to remember that they dont come close to the diseases potential complications. […] After the second dose of the vaccine, the researchers found that those with seven or more symptoms had nearly double the antibody levels of those who did not have symptoms.

• #1 Bracing for COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects? Here’s What to Expect | NYU Langone News

  https://nyulangone.org/news/bracing-covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-heres-what-expect

  Some people experience no side effects at all, which Dr. Phillips says is also normal and not a reason to be concerned. Your body is still developing that immunity, regardless of what type of side effects you have, or if you have any at all, he says. […] In some sense, side effects are good, says Dr. Phillips. The vaccine is causing your body to have the same reaction as it would to the actual virus, but without the risk of the complications that come with being sick. And when its over, your body knows how to fight the virus if it ever sees it again.

• #1 COVID-19 vaccine side effects: How common are they? – St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital

  https://www.stjude.org/about-st-jude/stories/making-a-difference/covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-how-common-are-they.html

  COVID-19 vaccines are part of the most intensive vaccine safety monitoring effort in U.S. history. […] COVID-19 vaccine safety information is collected daily through vaccine safety systems. […] When your defenses (immune system) are activated by the vaccine, you might experience some symptoms, but you wont have an active infection. These symptoms include pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, headache, body aches, fatigue, fever, nausea or chills. They may be greater with the second shot and generally subside within a few days. Others report no symptoms at all. […] A small number of rare severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) have been reported to all three vaccines. […] Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. […] Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, a heartbeat that is fast, fluttering or pounding.

• #1 COVID-19 vaccine side effects and reactions

  https://info.health.nz/immunisations/vaccines-aotearoa/covid-19-vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-and-reactions

  Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. Pericarditis is inflammation of the tissue forming a sac around the heart. These conditions are usually caused by viral infections including COVID-19, but they are also very rare and serious side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines. […] Symptoms of myocarditis or pericarditis linked to the vaccine generally appear within a few days, and mostly within the first few weeks after having the vaccine. […] The risk of myocarditis is highest in people aged 16 to 30 years, particularly 16 to 18 years, and is higher in men. […] Symptoms of myocarditis and pericarditis include: tightness, heaviness, discomfort or pain in your chest or neck, difficulty breathing or catching your breath, feeling faint or dizzy or light-headed, fluttering, racing or pounding heart, or feeling like it is 'skipping beats’.

• #1 COVID-19 vaccines and cardiac inflammation | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/covid-19-vaccines/advice-for-providers/clinical-guidance/myocarditis-pericarditis

  Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccines are rare: mostly reported in males under 40 years of age, after the second dose. […] Most cases are mild and patients recover quickly. […] There is a link between COVID-19 vaccines and rare side effects of myocarditis and pericarditis. […] Myocarditis and pericarditis occur in the general population from a variety of causes. Not all cases that occur after vaccination are caused by the vaccine. Myocarditis and pericarditis can also be caused by COVID-19. […] The risk of myocarditis is highest in people aged 16 to 30 years (peak 16 to 18 years), and is higher in males than females. […] Most myocarditis and pericarditis cases linked to COVID-19 vaccination have been mild and patients have recovered quickly. […] Symptoms of myocarditis or pericarditis typically appear within 1 to 5 days of vaccination. People who experience any of these symptoms after having an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine should seek prompt medical attention: chest pain, pressure or discomfort in the chest, irregular, skipped heartbeats or ‘fluttering’, fainting, shortness of breath, pain when breathing.

• #1 Side effects and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

  https://www2.hse.ie/screening-and-vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/side-effects/

  Very rare side effects may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people. These include: myocarditis, pericarditis. […] Get urgent medical help if you get any of these symptoms in the weeks after the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine: breathlessness, palpitations (a forceful heartbeat that may be irregular), chest pain. […] Signs of myocarditis in younger children may be more general including: irritability, vomiting, difficulty feeding, rapid and shallow breathing, fatigue. […] Extremely rare side effects include: a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), extensive swelling of the limb where you got your vaccine, tingling or prickling sensation, or loss of sensation in some part of the body, people who have had facial fillers may develop swelling of their face, erythema multiforme – a skin reaction that causes red spots or patches on the skin. It may look like a target or 'bulls-eye’ with a dark red centre surrounded by paler red ring, heavy menstrual bleeding (periods).

• #1 COVID-19 vaccine side effects and reactions

  https://info.health.nz/immunisations/vaccines-aotearoa/covid-19-vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-and-reactions

  Severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis are rare but serious side effects. These reactions usually happen soon after your vaccine, which is why you need to wait at least 15 minutes. […] If you feel any of these serious side effect symptoms in the days or weeks after the vaccine, you should see your healthcare provider.

• #1 Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/patient-visitor-information/covid-19/vaccine/side-effects

  Mild allergic reactions: What are the symptoms? Hives, itching, rash (except where you got the vaccine). […] Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis): What are the symptoms? Swelling of lips, face, eyes, tongue, Nausea/throwing up or belly pain, Tightness in throat or difficulty swallowing, Persistent difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, Cough or wheezing, Dizziness or lightheadedness. […] For most people, this usually occurs immediately after the vaccination within 15 minutes.

• #1 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html

  The evidence suggests that, although rare, these events are linked to certain types of COVID-19 vaccinations. For example, myocarditis has been most frequently seen in adolescent and young adult males within 7 days of their second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose. […] Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder in which the body’s immune system damages nerves. The damage causes muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis. […] Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition that has been seen in very few cases after getting the JJ/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine. It occurred in about 4 people per one million doses, with higher rates among women ages 30-49 years (9-10 cases per million). […] Reports of death after COVID-19 vaccination can be concerning. Data shows that people who receive COVID-19 vaccines are less likely to die from COVID-19 or COVID-19-related complications than those who are unvaccinated.

• #1 COVID-19 Vaccine: Guidelines, Schedule & Efficacy

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/covid-vaccine

  COVID vaccines train your immune system to fight off COVID-19. You might have some side effects like a sore arm, muscle aches or fatigue. Common COVID vaccine side effects include: pain where you got the injection, fatigue, headache, muscle aches and fever. Most people can manage any side effects they have to the COVID shot with over-the-counter medications. For some people, this means they dont get sick at all if theyre exposed to COVID. Other times, it makes their symptoms less severe and allows them to recover more quickly. The most common risk of getting a COVID vaccine is experiencing unpleasant but harmless side effects. Side effects of the COVID vaccine include: Pain where you got the injection. Fatigue. Headache. Muscle aches. Fever. Side effects like muscle aches, tiredness and fever usually last a day or two. Your arm might hurt for several days. Serious complications of COVID vaccines are rare. They include: Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Inflammation of the lining of your heart (pericarditis) or heart muscle (myocarditis). Some people have had an inflammation of their heart muscle (myocarditis) or the outer lining of their heart (pericarditis) after getting an mRNA vaccine. Though rare, its most common in men between the ages of 18 and 29 after getting their second shots. Symptoms of pericarditis and myocarditis include: Chest pain. Shortness of breath. Feeling like your heart is pounding, fluttering or racing (heart palpitations).

• #1 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Health authorities around the world, including the NHS and CDC, recommend the use of paracetamol to treat fever and mild pain symptoms following vaccination, advising that patients should take the normal dose of paracetamol and follow the advice on the packaging. For certain groups of people, post-vaccination symptoms are a greater or more complex consideration. For these people, paracetamol is a vital resource, providing them with the confidence that they can have the vaccine and manage related symptoms effectively. […] High vaccination rates among health and care staff are vital in protecting care facilities against future outbreaks. Health and care organisations around the world therefore must consider how vaccine uptake can be maximised while staff sickness caused by post-vaccination symptoms is minimised. The American Health Care Association and National Center for Assisted Living reassure organisations that the majority of staff with post-vaccination symptoms are unlikely to take time off if using paracetamol to manage them.

• #1 Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/patient-visitor-information/covid-19/vaccine/side-effects

  People can have different reactions to vaccines. Most reactions are mild and get better within a few hours or a day or two after your vaccination. […] Common side effects: Symptoms like fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue, headache. […] This is normal. It can start within 24 hours of getting the vaccine. It can last for 2 or 3 days. […] If you have any of the symptoms below, please contact your provider for further advice, as you may need a COVID-19 test: A high fever, Symptoms lasting more than a few days, Symptoms that could be from COVID-19 (like a new sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, loss of smell or taste, or shortness of breath). […] Common side effects: Redness, swelling, and/or itching where you got the vaccine. […] This is normal. It can be very large. This usually lasts for 2 or 3 days but can last as long as 7 days.

• #1 Efficacy of first dose of covid-19 vaccine versus no vaccination on symptoms of patients with long covid: target trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohort

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9978748/

  To evaluate the effect of covid-19 vaccination on the severity of symptoms in patients with long covid. […] By 120 days, vaccination had reduced the number of long covid symptoms (mean 13.0 (standard deviation 9.4) in the vaccinated group v 14.8 (9.8) in the control group; mean difference 1.8, 95%confidence interval 3.0 to 0.5) and doubled the rate of patients in remission (16.6% v 7.5%, hazard ratio 1.93, 95%confidence interval 1.18 to 3.14). […] In this study, covid-19 vaccination reduced the severity of symptoms and the effect of long covid on patients’ social, professional, and family lives at 120 days in those with persistent symptoms of infection. […] In a target trial emulation assessing the effect of vaccination in 910 patients with long covid, remission of all long covid symptoms occurred in 16.6% of patients in the vaccination group compared with 7.5% in the control group.

• #1 COVID vaccine may speed relief of some persistent symptoms | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/covid-vaccine-may-speed-relief-some-persistent-symptoms

  A first dose of COVID-19 vaccine accelerated relief of long-COVID symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches in UK adults, but flu vaccination did not, suggests an observational University College London-led study published yesterday in the Journal of Infection. […] „Some individuals experience otherwise unexplained persistent symptoms after COVID-19, now categorized as ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 [OSC] (symptoms for 4 – 12 weeks) or the post COVID-19 syndrome [PCS] (symptoms for more than 12 weeks),” they wrote. „Both OSC and PCS can disrupt activities of daily living, with dyspnoea [shortness of breath], severe fatigue, anosmia [loss of smell] and headaches amongst the commonest reported symptoms.” […] After COVID-19 vaccine receipt, the likelihood of experiencing 13 symptoms in long-COVID patients was lower than that of unvaccinated participants. These symptoms included fatigue, loss of smell, cough, shortness of breath, nasal discharge, muscle pain, brain fog, low mood, chest pain, tinnitus, delirium, and rash.

• #1 COVID vaccine may speed relief of some persistent symptoms | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/covid-vaccine-may-speed-relief-some-persistent-symptoms

  Symptom burden improved significantly more in COVID-vaccinated patients after vaccination than in unvaccinated patients for eight symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, muscle pain, low mood, chest pain, diarrhea, tinnitus, and a burning sensation on the skin. […] „The data suggest that [COVID] vaccination may contribute to symptom recovery of OSC/PCS, though potential mechanisms remain to be explored,” the researchers wrote. […] „In contrast, vaccination against influenza was not associated with reduction in key COVID-19 symptoms,” they added.

• #1 Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms and immune phenotypes in vaccine-naïve individuals with Long COVID

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10802754/

  The impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on vaccine-nave individuals suffering from Long COVID is uncertain. This study assessed the experience and immune signatures of 16 unvaccinated participants with Long COVID. A total of 10 participants had improved health status after vaccination, and one person reported only worsening health. […] At baseline, on participants worst days, 9 (56%) felt they were 50% or less of their health before COVID-19. […] The median number of symptoms per participant initially decreased from 23 (Q1-Q3 13.827, n=16) before vaccination to 19.5 (Q1-Q3 1230.3, n=14) 2 weeks after vaccination, further declining to 17.5 (Q1-Q3 12.325.5, n=14) and 15.5 (Q1-Q3 12.524.5, n=16) at 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination, respectively. […] Among the ten most common symptoms experienced at baseline, fatigue and brain fog remained common with 12 (75%) and 11 (69%) participants still reporting these symptoms 12 weeks after vaccination.

• #1 Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms and immune phenotypes in vaccine-naïve individuals with Long COVID

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10802754/

  Long COVID contributes to the global burden of disease. Proposed root cause hypotheses include the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 viral reservoir, autoimmunity, and reactivation of latent herpesviruses. Patients have reported various changes in Long COVID symptoms after COVID-19 vaccinations, leaving uncertainty about whether vaccine-induced immune responses may alleviate or worsen disease pathology. […] Self-report at 12 weeks post-vaccination indicated 10 out of 16 participants had improved health, 3 had no change, 1 had worse health, and 2 reported marginal changes. […] Our study showed that in this small sample, vaccination improved the health or resulted in no change to the health of most participants, though few experienced worsening. Vaccination was associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-specific IgG and T cell expansion in most individuals with Long COVID. Symptom improvement was observed in those with baseline elevated sIL-6R, while elevated interferon and neuropeptide levels were associated with a lack of improvement.

• #1 Comparing the COVID-19 Vaccines: How Are They Different? > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/covid-19-vaccine-comparison

  Possible side effects: Injection site tenderness, fatigue, headache, muscle pain. There were rare cases of myocarditis and pericarditis (six cases in 40,000 participants) in the clinical trial, and rare severe allergic reactions. […] Research has suggested that people who are infected after vaccination also are less likely to report Long COVID (defined as signs, symptoms, and conditions that continue or develop after acute COVID infection), compared to those who were not vaccinated. […] Later data on real-world effectiveness for adults showed that the protection from the mRNA two-dose primary series wanes over time, suggesting that updated vaccines would be needed to bring the immune system back to robust levels.

• #1 COVID vaccine protects against symptoms 6 weeks after infection, study shows | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/covid-vaccine-protects-against-symptoms-6-weeks-after-infection-study-shows

  US healthcare workers receiving additional vaccine doses during the Omicron period (December 2021 to April 2022) had a 45% lower risk of having symptoms 6 weeks after COVID-19 infection, according to a study today in Open Forum Infectious Diseases. […] The prevalence of symptoms at 6 weeks was 26% (373) in those with COVID-19 and 18% (195) in those without COVID-19. […] Among participants who had COVID-19, those who had received an additional COVID-19 vaccine dose had a lower prevalence of any symptoms than those who had not at 6 weeks post-infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 0.70). […] If the third vaccine dose was administered 16 weeks or less before infection, healthcare providers had lower odds of reporting respiratory symptoms (aOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.99), psychiatric symptoms (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.99), or any symptom (aOR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.87) than those who received the dose more than 16 weeks earlier.

• #1 COVID vaccine protects against symptoms 6 weeks after infection, study shows | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/covid-19/covid-vaccine-protects-against-symptoms-6-weeks-after-infection-study-shows

  COVID-19 vaccination might lead to fewer 6-week symptoms among persons with symptomatic infection because of its effect in attenuating the severity of acute illness. […] „COVID-19 vaccination might lead to fewer 6-week symptoms among persons with symptomatic infection because of its effect in attenuating the severity of acute illness,” the authors concluded.

• #1 COVID-19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

  The symptoms of COVID-19 can vary but often include fever, fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, loss of smell, and loss of taste. Symptoms may begin one to fourteen days after exposure to the virus. At least a third of people who are infected do not develop noticeable symptoms. Of those who develop symptoms noticeable enough to be classified as patients, most (81%) develop mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging), and 5% develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction). Older people have a higher risk of developing severe symptoms. Some complications result in death. Some people continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months or years after infection, and damage to organs has been observed. Multi-year studies on the long-term effects are ongoing.

• #1 COVID-19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

  Most people recover from the acute phase of the disease. However, some people continue to experience a range of effects, such as fatigue, for prolonged periods after an initial COVID-19 infection. This is the result of a condition called long COVID, which can be described as a range of persistent symptoms that continue for months or years. Long-term damage to organs has been observed after the onset of COVID-19. Multi-year studies are underway to further investigate the protracted effects of long COVID. Reducing the risk of long COVID includes staying up to date on the most recent COVID-19 vaccine, practicing good hygiene, maintaining clean indoor air, and physical distancing from people infected with a respiratory virus.

• #1 COVID-19 Vaccines and Treatments at OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/health/coronavirus-resources

  COVID-19 symptoms usually appear two to 14 days after exposure. They can include: Cough, shortness of breath or trouble breathing, sore throat, congestion or runny nose, fever or chills, muscle or body aches or headache, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, new loss of taste or smell. […] Studies show that people are contagious starting two to three days before they have symptoms of COVID-19. On average, people are no longer contagious about a week after symptoms start. Some people may not have any symptoms. […] You have long COVID-19 if you still have symptoms a month after testing positive. Everyone who gets COVID-19 is at risk, including children and people who had mild cases or no symptoms. Symptoms of long COVID-19 vary widely and can affect almost every organ system. They include: Extreme fatigue, brain fog, emotional challenges, shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, heart issues, digestive symptoms, nerve pain.

• #1 What to Know About Updated COVID Vaccines for 2024–25 | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2024/what-to-know-about-updated-covid-vaccines-for-2024-25

  The updated COVID vaccine provides safe, effective protection against current variants for everyone 6 months and older. […] COVID vaccines are one of the best and safest ways to protect against severe illness and hospitalization. […] The common side effects are the same as with previous COVID vaccines. Symptoms like soreness at the injection site, achiness or joint pain, fatigue, slight fever, chills, or nausea are normal and not cause for concern. These side effects are a sign that your body is mounting an immune responseexactly what its supposed to do following a vaccine. Side effects generally subside within a day or two. […] People who are vaccinated can still get COVID, but it is much more likely they will experience mild symptoms. Vaccinated people are much less likely to experience severe illness or get so sick that they need to be hospitalized. Data continue to show that those who are hospitalized with COVID are largely people who have not received a COVID vaccine within the past 12 months.

• #1 Feature Article: Long-term Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine? What We Know. | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/parents-pack/parents-pack-newsletter/newsletter-archive/long-term-side-effects-covid-19-vaccine

  In each of these cases, the side effect occurred within a few days up to a few weeks of vaccination, but all occurred well before two months after vaccination. […] COVID-19 infection also causes myocarditis and GBS and is associated with a variety of blood clotting issues, and the risk of experiencing them is greater following infection than following vaccination.

• #1 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Vaccine-Booster-QA.aspx

  People who have received booster doses have reported similarly mild side effects as compared to the side effects they experienced when receiving their initial vaccine dose. They reported a sore arm at the injection site and/or mild flu-like symptoms. These reactions are normal and demonstrate that your body is rebuilding immunity to COVID-19. […] Just as with the initial vaccine series, booster doses went through rigorous scientific review to confirm the safety and efficacy of using subsequent doses to protect against COVID-19. This data was reviewed and compiled from global researchers before being authorized by the FDA.

• #1 Managing Body Aches and Pains After a COVID-19 Booster

  https://www.advil.com/symptoms-tips/pain/muscle-aches/managing-aches-and-pains-after-a-covid-19-vaccine/

  When you receive a COVID-19 booster or vaccine, its important to remember that the side effects youre experiencing are a sign that your immune system is responding and building protection to the disease. In many vaccines, the side effects may be mildest for the first dose; if you only had minor aches and pains for your initial shot, all subsequent shots and boosters will likely present stronger effects. […] Aches and fever are common side effects after a COVID-19 vaccination, so if you experience them, an NSAID like Advil Liqui-Gels can help you manage. Whether youre getting a COVID-19 booster shot or any vaccine, knowing how to take care of yourself and manage side effects will make you feel more prepared and empowered. Keep a NSAID like Advil on hand to help find relief from aches and pains that frequently accompany a COVID booster.

• #2 COVID-19 vaccines – what to expect: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000983.htm

  COVID-19 vaccines are used to prepare the body’s immune system to protect against COVID-19. Adults and children ages 6 months and older should get the COVID-19 vaccination. […] Learn what to expect before and after you are vaccinated for COVID-19. […] While COVID-19 vaccines will not make you sick with COVID-19, they may cause certain side effects and flu-like symptoms. This is normal. These symptoms are a sign that your body is making antibodies against the virus. […] Common side effects include: Pain, redness, and swelling on the arm where you got the shot, Tiredness, Headache, Muscle pain, Chills, Fever, Nausea, Swollen lymph nodes. […] Some people get a red, itchy, swollen, painful rash in the arm where they got the shot. This is known as COVID arm. This can occur days after getting the first shot. You should still get your second shot if you got a 2-dose vaccine.

• #2 COVID-19 Vaccine Frequently Asked Questions | COVID-19 | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/faq.html

  COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy helps: […] Prevent severe illness and death in women who are pregnant. […] Adults and children may have some side effects from a COVID-19 vaccine, including pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea. These side effects typically resolve after a few days. Serious side effects are rare but may occur. […] COVID-19 vaccines help prevent disease, hospitalization, and death. Unvaccinated people are more likely to get COVID-19 and much more likely to be hospitalized and to die from COVID-19, compared to people who are up to date with their COVID-19 vaccinations.

• #2 Chicago Department of Public Health

  https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/sites/covid19-vaccine/home.html

  COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It can be very contagious and spread quickly. Anyone infected with COVID-19 can spread it, even if they do not have symptoms. Most people with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but some people can become severely ill, including those who are over 65, immunocompromised and have underlying health conditions. Some people, including those with minor or no symptoms, can develop post-COVID conditions also known as Long Covid. […] The best way to slow the spread of the virus is to follow these core prevention strategies: Stay up-to-date with your vaccinations. […] Getting the 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine is important because: Protection from COVID-19 vaccine decreases over time. Updated vaccines give you the best protection for the currently circulating strains of the virus.

• #2 COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects and Safety

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/when-to-expect-covid-19-vaccination-side-effects-5176621

  It is not uncommon to experience side effects after getting the COVID-19 vaccine, most of which are relatively mild and short-lived. These commonly include side effects you might experience with other vaccines, such as injection site pain, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms. […] Although there is a risk of severe side effects, including heart inflammation and anaphylaxis, the risk is considered small compared to the benefits. […] For most, side effects tend to appear within 14 hours of the first vaccination and slightly longer for subsequent vaccinations. […] Following COVID vaccination, side effects, if any, tend to last one to three days. […] Symptoms typically include persistent headache, joint pain, muscle cramps, insomnia, visual disturbances, and „brain fog.” […] In addition to a risk of anaphylaxis, the other potentially severe side effects are myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the outer lining of the heart).

• #2 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Most frequently reported adverse reactions in COVID-19 vaccine trials […] Injection site pain 92% […] Injection site pain 80% […] Injection site tenderness 60% […] Fatigue 70% […] Fatigue 60% […] Injection site pain, headache, fatigue 50% […] Headache 65% […] Headache 50% […] Muscle pain, malaise 40% […] Muscle pain 62% […] Muscle pain 30% […] Joint pain 46% […] Chills 30% […] Joint pain 20% […] Chills 46% […] Nausea, vomiting 23% […] Fever 15.5% […] Injection site swelling 14.7% […] Redness 10%. […] Although there remains a lack of data about COVID-19 vaccine use during pregnancy, on weighing the risk posed by the disease against the potential risk to the foetus, pregnant people may choose to have a COVID-19 vaccination. For those who are pregnant, experiencing fever following vaccination brings with it the additional risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The CDC therefore recommend the use of paracetamol for this and other post-vaccination symptoms in pregnant people, if medically appropriate.

• #2 Comparing the COVID-19 Vaccines: How Are They Different? > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/covid-19-vaccine-comparison

  Possible side effects: Pain, redness, or swelling at the site where the shot was administered, and/or tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, or nausea throughout the rest of the body. If these side effects occur, they should go away in a few days. A few side effects are serious, but rare. These include anaphylaxis, a severe reaction that is treatable with epinephrine (the drug in EPIPENs). […] Possible side effects: The side effects are similar to Pfizer-BioNTechs vaccine: Pain, redness, or swelling at the site where the shot was administered and/or tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, or nausea throughout the rest of the body. If any of these side effects occur, they should go away in a few days. A few side effects are serious, but rare. These include anaphylaxis, a severe reaction that is treatable with epinephrine (the drug in EPIPENs).

• #2 Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/patient-visitor-information/covid-19/vaccine/side-effects

  People can have different reactions to vaccines. Most reactions are mild and get better within a few hours or a day or two after your vaccination. […] Common side effects: Symptoms like fever, chills, muscle aches, fatigue, headache. […] This is normal. It can start within 24 hours of getting the vaccine. It can last for 2 or 3 days. […] If you have any of the symptoms below, please contact your provider for further advice, as you may need a COVID-19 test: A high fever, Symptoms lasting more than a few days, Symptoms that could be from COVID-19 (like a new sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, loss of smell or taste, or shortness of breath). […] Common side effects: Redness, swelling, and/or itching where you got the vaccine. […] This is normal. It can be very large. This usually lasts for 2 or 3 days but can last as long as 7 days.

• #2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Safety | Vaccine Safety | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html

  COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel much like a cold, the flu, or pneumonia. Most common side effects are usually mild, such as soreness in the area where the shot was given. […] In infants and toddlers, common symptoms include irritability or crying, decreased appetite, and sleepiness. […] Severe allergic reactions following vaccination are rare but can be life threatening. Signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction can include: Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that needs to be treated with epinephrine (EpiPen) and that may require hospitalization. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, coughing, or wheezing. […] Myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination are rare. Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. Most patients with myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination respond well to medicine and rest and feel better quickly.

• #2 COVID-19 Vaccine: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.covid-19-vaccine-care-instructions.acl4101

  The COVID-19 vaccine can help protect you from getting very sick from COVID-19. If you get COVID-19, your symptoms will probably be less severe than if you hadn’t gotten the vaccine. You can’t get COVID-19 from the vaccine. […] You might not have side effects. But if you do, they’ll probably be like those of other vaccines, including: Fever. Soreness. Feeling very tired. This is normal. Your body is building protection against COVID-19. […] You may also have other side effects, including: Chills. Headache. Pain, redness, a rash, or swelling in the arm where you had the vaccine. Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit of the arm where you had the vaccine. Nausea. Side effects will likely go away in a few days. Until then, it may be harder to do your usual activities. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have one or more of these symptoms within a few weeks of getting a COVID-19 vaccine. Shortness of breath. Chest pain, or a feeling of a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart. Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #2 COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859

  Researchers continue to study what happens when someone has COVID-19 a second time. Later infections are generally milder than the first infection. But severe illness can still happen. Serious illness is more likely among people older than age 65, people with more than four medical conditions and people with weakened immune systems. […] A COVID-19 vaccine can cause mild side effects after the first or second dose. Pain and swelling where people got the shot is a common side effect. That area also may look reddish on white skin. Other side effects include: Fever or chills. Headache. Muscle pain or joint pain. Tiredness, called fatigue. Upset stomach or vomiting. Swollen lymph nodes. […] For younger children up to age 4, symptoms may include crying or fussiness, sleepiness, loss of appetite, or, less often, a fever.

• #2 Side effects and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

  https://www2.hse.ie/screening-and-vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/side-effects/

  Like all medicines, COVID-19 vaccines can cause side effects. Most do not last long. Not everyone gets side effects. […] Serious side effects, like a severe allergic reaction, are extremely rare. Your vaccinator is trained to treat allergic reactions. […] Most side effects from COVID-19 vaccination do not last long. […] Its common to develop a fever (temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above) after COVID-19 vaccination. This usually happens within 48 hours of getting a vaccine. […] Very common side effects may affect more than 1 in 10 people. These include: tenderness or swelling in your arm where you had the vaccine, feeling tired, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, diarrhoea, fever (temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above), chills. […] In children age 2 to 4, the most common side effects include: tenderness or redness at the injection site, feeling tired, fever (temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above).

• #2 COVID-19 vaccine side effects and reactions

  https://info.health.nz/immunisations/vaccines-aotearoa/covid-19-vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-and-reactions

  Like most medicines, you might experience some mild side effects in the days after getting your COVID-19 vaccine. This is common, and a sign that your body is learning to fight the virus. […] Most side effects do not last long, and will not stop you from having additional doses, or going about your daily life. They usually start within a day or 2 after your vaccine. […] The most common reported reactions are: pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, feeling tired or fatigued, headache, muscle aches or joint pains, chills, dizziness, swollen lymph nodes, nausea, fever, chest discomfort. […] Side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine are similar in tamariki and rangatahi to those seen in adults. Some side effects are more common after the second dose. […] Some side effects are more serious but rare, such as a severe allergic reaction.

• #2 Side Effects and COVID-19 Vaccines: What to Expect | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2020/side-effects-and-covid-19-vaccines-what-to-expect

  Its totally normal to experience side effects from COVID-19 vaccines. Heres what you need to know. […] The most common side effect is soreness at the site of injection. Other side effects include fatigue, headache, muscle aches, chills, joint pain, and possibly some fever. […] Usually 24 to 48 hours, and no more than a few days. […] Side effects were more frequent after the second dose in the vaccine trials. […] These side effects are typical of the inflammation induced by vaccines and are a sign of the bodys immune response to the vaccine. […] Noin fact, vaccine side effects have been less frequent and severe in adults older than 55 years in the vaccine trials. […] You will be told about the side effects of the vaccine and when you should consult a health care worker at the time you are vaccinated.

• #2 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Managing post COVID-19 vaccination symptoms […] The most common adverse event across the main three COVID-19 vaccinations currently in use is pain or tenderness at the site of injection, closely followed by fatigue and headache. Fever is also a common and expected reaction, and it is therefore important to ensure that patients realise there is no need for them to isolate if they experience this following vaccination, unless there are other reasons to suspect COVID-19 infection. Symptoms are usually mild or moderate in intensity, resolve within a few days of vaccination, and tend to affect older people less. The impact of a second dose of vaccine on adverse reactions seems to vary depending on the vaccine in question. In AstraZeneca’s trials, reactions were reported less frequently following a second dose, while in Moderna’s the opposite was true.

• #2 Side effects and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

  https://www2.hse.ie/screening-and-vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/side-effects/

  In children age 6 to 23 months, the most common side effects include: irritability, sleepiness, loss of appetite, tenderness or redness at the injection site, fever (temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above). […] Common side effects may affect up to 1 in 10 people. These include: nausea, vomiting, redness in your arm where you had the vaccine, swelling of the lymph glands. […] Uncommon side effects may affect up to 1 in 100 people. These include: feeling unwell, pain in the arm where you had the vaccine, sleeplessness, itchiness where the vaccine was given, allergic reactions like rash or itchiness in general, a rash, excessive sweating, night sweats, decreased appetite, lethargy, asthenia (lack of energy) and malaise (feeling unwell), dizziness. […] Rare side effects may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people. These include: an allergic reaction that can cause hives or swelling of the face, weakness in the muscles on one side of your face (that may cause it to droop temporarily).

• #2 COVID-19 vaccines for kids: What you need to know

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/covid-19-vaccines-for-kids/art-20513332

  In some people, COVID-19 vaccines can lead to heart complications called myocarditis and pericarditis. Myocarditis is the swelling, also called inflammation, of the heart muscle. Pericarditis is the swelling, also called inflammation, of the lining outside the heart. […] The risk of myocarditis or pericarditis after a COVID-19 vaccine is rare. […] Symptoms to watch for include: Chest pain. Shortness of breath. Feelings of having a fast-beating, fluttering or pounding heart. […] The vaccines that help protect against COVID-19 are safe and effective. […] Side effects that don’t go away after a few days are thought of as long term. Vaccines rarely cause any long-term side effects. […] If you or your child develops myocarditis or pericarditis after getting a COVID-19 vaccine, talk to a healthcare professional before getting another dose of the vaccine.

• #2 Common Side Effects of the Updated COVID-19 Vaccine – Infectious Disease

  https://healthmatters.nyp.org/what-are-the-common-side-effects-of-the-updated-covid-19-vaccine/

  Age also can play a role. In larger COVID-19 vaccine studies, people below the age of 55 tended to have more reactions like fever, fatigue, headache, and muscle aches, and that may have to do with how vigorous the immune system is. […] With this current vaccine, what we are hearing is that for the vast majority on a large population level, the side effects are on par with previous doses and people arent feeling any worse from the updated shot. […] If symptoms last longer than a day or two, people may think the vaccine is the reason theyre getting sick or testing positive for COVID, but its likely a separate infection or theyre developing symptoms concurrently. […] There are some studies that show that people have higher antibody levels when they have strong symptoms after vaccination, but the majority of people make antibodies after the vaccine. […] Typically, someone can expect to experience symptoms for a day or two. But if the pain isnt going away or its getting worse after that time frame, get in touch with a healthcare provider.

• #2 Feeling Rough After Your COVID Shot? Congrats, It’s Working! | UC San Francisco

  https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2024/06/427851/feeling-rough-after-your-covid-shot-congrats-its-working

  Generally, we found that the higher the number of side effects, the higher the level of antibodies, said first author Ethan Dutcher, MD, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher in the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and the Weill Institute for Neurosciences. […] While the symptoms from vaccination can be very unpleasant, its important to remember that they dont come close to the diseases potential complications, she said. […] With COVID-19 vaccines likely here to stay, identifying what predicts a strong antibody response will remain important, said co-senior author Aric Prather, PhD, professor in the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

• #2 Side effects after a COVID shot indicate it’s working – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/side-effects-after-a-covid-shot-indicate-its-working

  One reason people avoid getting a COVID booster is concern about side effects like fatigue, achiness, muscle and joint pain, chills, headache, and fever. […] But a new study found that these symptoms indicate a robust immune response to the vaccine that increases antibody levels and offers extra protection against the virus. […] One month after the second dose, they found that those who cited at least one side effect, such as chills, fatigue, headache, or generally feeling unwell, had antibody levels 1.4 to 1.6 times higher than those who reported no symptoms. […] Of note, COVID vaccines increase antibody levels in almost everyone who gets vaccinated even if they have no symptoms.

• #2 COVID-19 vaccines and cardiac inflammation | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/covid-19-vaccines/advice-for-providers/clinical-guidance/myocarditis-pericarditis

  Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccines are rare: mostly reported in males under 40 years of age, after the second dose. […] Most cases are mild and patients recover quickly. […] There is a link between COVID-19 vaccines and rare side effects of myocarditis and pericarditis. […] Myocarditis and pericarditis occur in the general population from a variety of causes. Not all cases that occur after vaccination are caused by the vaccine. Myocarditis and pericarditis can also be caused by COVID-19. […] The risk of myocarditis is highest in people aged 16 to 30 years (peak 16 to 18 years), and is higher in males than females. […] Most myocarditis and pericarditis cases linked to COVID-19 vaccination have been mild and patients have recovered quickly. […] Symptoms of myocarditis or pericarditis typically appear within 1 to 5 days of vaccination. People who experience any of these symptoms after having an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine should seek prompt medical attention: chest pain, pressure or discomfort in the chest, irregular, skipped heartbeats or ‘fluttering’, fainting, shortness of breath, pain when breathing.

• #2 COVID-19 Vaccine: Guidelines, Schedule & Efficacy

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/covid-vaccine

  COVID vaccines train your immune system to fight off COVID-19. You might have some side effects like a sore arm, muscle aches or fatigue. Common COVID vaccine side effects include: pain where you got the injection, fatigue, headache, muscle aches and fever. Most people can manage any side effects they have to the COVID shot with over-the-counter medications. For some people, this means they dont get sick at all if theyre exposed to COVID. Other times, it makes their symptoms less severe and allows them to recover more quickly. The most common risk of getting a COVID vaccine is experiencing unpleasant but harmless side effects. Side effects of the COVID vaccine include: Pain where you got the injection. Fatigue. Headache. Muscle aches. Fever. Side effects like muscle aches, tiredness and fever usually last a day or two. Your arm might hurt for several days. Serious complications of COVID vaccines are rare. They include: Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Inflammation of the lining of your heart (pericarditis) or heart muscle (myocarditis). Some people have had an inflammation of their heart muscle (myocarditis) or the outer lining of their heart (pericarditis) after getting an mRNA vaccine. Though rare, its most common in men between the ages of 18 and 29 after getting their second shots. Symptoms of pericarditis and myocarditis include: Chest pain. Shortness of breath. Feeling like your heart is pounding, fluttering or racing (heart palpitations).

• #2 COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859

  In rare cases, getting a COVID-19 vaccine can cause an allergic reaction. Symptoms of a life-threatening allergic reaction can include: Breathing problems. Fast heartbeat, dizziness or weakness. Swelling in the throat. Hives. […] If you or your child has any of these symptoms within a week of getting a COVID-19 vaccine, seek medical care. […] The risk of myocarditis or pericarditis after a COVID-19 vaccine is rare. These conditions have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination with any of the vaccines offered in the United States. Most cases have been reported in males ages 12 to 39. […] These conditions happened more often after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and typically within one week of COVID-19 vaccination. Most of the people who got care felt better after receiving medicine and resting.

• #2 Side Effects of the COVID-19 Vaccine | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/patient-visitor-information/covid-19/vaccine/side-effects

  Mild allergic reactions: What are the symptoms? Hives, itching, rash (except where you got the vaccine). […] Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis): What are the symptoms? Swelling of lips, face, eyes, tongue, Nausea/throwing up or belly pain, Tightness in throat or difficulty swallowing, Persistent difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, Cough or wheezing, Dizziness or lightheadedness. […] For most people, this usually occurs immediately after the vaccination within 15 minutes.

• #2 What are the long-term side effects of COVID vaccines? 3 things to know – UAB Reporter

  https://www.uab.edu/reporter/in-the-know/what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-covid-vaccines-3-things-to-know

  What are the long-term side effects of COVID vaccines? 3 things to know […] Vaccines are eliminated quickly […] Vaccine side effects show up within weeks if at all […] Our COVID vaccine experience during the past six months […] The side effects seen in these studies, and again in the nationwide rollouts that began in December 2020, „were tolerability issues,” Goepfert said: „mainly things like arm pain and fatigue and headache. They are very transient and occur a day or two days after the vaccine” and then resolve quickly. […] About one in 100,000 people receiving the AstraZeneca COVID vaccine have experienced a clotting disorder known as thrombotic thrombocytopenia, including 79 cases among more than 20 million people receiving this vaccine in the United Kingdom, and 19 deaths. […] More recently, an even more rare side effect myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle has been reported in people receiving Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines.

• #2 Managing Body Aches and Pains After a COVID-19 Booster

  https://www.advil.com/symptoms-tips/pain/muscle-aches/managing-aches-and-pains-after-a-covid-19-vaccine/

  When you receive a COVID-19 booster or vaccine, its important to remember that the side effects youre experiencing are a sign that your immune system is responding and building protection to the disease. In many vaccines, the side effects may be mildest for the first dose; if you only had minor aches and pains for your initial shot, all subsequent shots and boosters will likely present stronger effects. […] Aches and fever are common side effects after a COVID-19 vaccination, so if you experience them, an NSAID like Advil Liqui-Gels can help you manage. Whether youre getting a COVID-19 booster shot or any vaccine, knowing how to take care of yourself and manage side effects will make you feel more prepared and empowered. Keep a NSAID like Advil on hand to help find relief from aches and pains that frequently accompany a COVID booster.

• #2 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Paracetamol is recommended by health authorities around the world as a treatment for post-COVID-19 vaccination symptoms. Paracetamol is a well-established treatment for fever reduction and mild to moderate pain relief in adults and children over one month old. It has been available for more than 60 years and is used by millions of patients worldwide. As well as being a valuable treatment option for management of post-vaccination symptoms, paracetamol is endorsed by the World Health Organisation as a treatment for pain and fever in patients who have contracted COVID-19.

• #2 Side Effects and COVID-19 Vaccines: What to Expect | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2020/side-effects-and-covid-19-vaccines-what-to-expect

  The side effects of the vaccine typically start within 12 to 24 hours of vaccination, but it may be difficult to tell the two apart if you become infected between vaccine doses. […] If you experience side effects that last beyond 48 hours, you should contact your doctor or medical provider for advice.

• #2 Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms and immune phenotypes in vaccine-naïve individuals with Long COVID

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10802754/

  Long COVID contributes to the global burden of disease. Proposed root cause hypotheses include the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 viral reservoir, autoimmunity, and reactivation of latent herpesviruses. Patients have reported various changes in Long COVID symptoms after COVID-19 vaccinations, leaving uncertainty about whether vaccine-induced immune responses may alleviate or worsen disease pathology. […] Self-report at 12 weeks post-vaccination indicated 10 out of 16 participants had improved health, 3 had no change, 1 had worse health, and 2 reported marginal changes. […] Our study showed that in this small sample, vaccination improved the health or resulted in no change to the health of most participants, though few experienced worsening. Vaccination was associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-specific IgG and T cell expansion in most individuals with Long COVID. Symptom improvement was observed in those with baseline elevated sIL-6R, while elevated interferon and neuropeptide levels were associated with a lack of improvement.

• #2 Efficacy of first dose of covid-19 vaccine versus no vaccination on symptoms of patients with long covid: target trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohort

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9978748/

  The results suggest that vaccination should be encouraged in all patients who have already been infected with the SARS CoV-2 virus. […] The effect of vaccination on the severity and impact of long covid was similar in the subgroup of patients with covid-19 confirmed by laboratory test results. […] In patients with long covid, we found that the first covid-19 vaccine injection was associated with a reduction in the severity of the disease and on the effect on patients’ social, professional, and family lives at 120 days after baseline. […] Receiving a vaccine was also associated with a significant increase in the proportion of patients reporting an acceptable symptom state; for every 13 patients with long covid who are vaccinated, one will have a notable decrease in the diseases effect on their life. […] Side effects related to the vaccine seemed to be generally rare, with only two (0.4%) patients reporting an adverse effect that required admission to hospital.

• #2 Fall Vaccine Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  https://dph.illinois.gov/topics-services/diseases-and-conditions/respiratory-disease/faq/vaccine-faq.html

  The new COVID-19 shots are designed to target the strains of the virus currently in circulation. They are very effective in preventing severe outcomes, including hospitalization and deaths. […] Just because you’ve been sick with COVID-19 before and it wasn’t that serious, it doesn’t mean your symptoms won’t be more severe the next time. The vaccines also provide you with protection against long COVID-19. […] There is also evidence that getting the vaccine can help to prevent transmission of the virus even if you get sick by reducing the severity of symptoms like sneezing and coughing. This protects those around you.

• #2 COVID-19 FAQ

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/covid-19-faq/

  What are the symptoms of COVID-19? Symptoms of COVID-19 may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms (not a complete list) include: Fever or chills, Cough, Fatigue (tiredness), Muscle or body aches, New loss of taste or smell, or an altered sense of taste or smell, Sore throat, Diarrhea, Headache, Congestion/runny nose, Shortness of breath (difficulty breathing) […] Most people with COVID-19 have mild illness, and their symptoms can often be managed with over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil). […] Long COVID consists of a variety of symptoms that can last for weeks, months, or years after being infected with the SARS-CoV-2, virus that causes COVID-19. Long COVID can happen to anyone who has had COVID-19, even if their illness was mild, or even if they had no symptoms when they were infected. People with long COVID may report combinations of different symptoms. […] Vaccination has been shown to help prevent severe COVID-19 illness. People with severe COVID-19 disease are at increased risk of developing Long COVID.

• #2 COVID-19 – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

  The symptoms of COVID-19 are variable depending on the type of variant contracted, ranging from mild symptoms to a potentially fatal illness. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), with less common ones including headaches, nasal congestion and runny nose, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, eye irritation, and toes swelling or turning purple, and in moderate to severe cases, breathing difficulties. People with the COVID-19 infection may have different symptoms, and their symptoms may change over time. […] Of people who show symptoms, 81% develop only mild to moderate symptoms (up to mild pneumonia), while 14% develop severe symptoms (dyspnea, hypoxia, or more than 50% lung involvement on imaging) that require hospitalization, and 5% of patients develop critical symptoms (respiratory failure, septic shock, or multiorgan dysfunction) requiring ICU admission.

• #2 Vaccine Side Effects vs. COVID-19 Symptoms

  https://www.lvhn.org/news/vaccine-side-effects-vs-covid-19-symptoms

  COVID-19 vaccines CANNOT infect you with the coronavirus. But it is possible to be exposed to the coronavirus prior to your vaccination or before your body has built the proper immune response. […] If you experience cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, or loss of taste or smell, reach out to your provider. Those symptoms are not known to be side effects associated with the vaccine.

• #2 COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859

  COVID-19 vaccination will protect most people from getting sick with COVID-19. But some people who are up to date with their vaccines may still get COVID-19. These are called vaccine breakthrough infections. […] Even when people who are vaccinated get symptoms, they tend to be less severe than those felt by unvaccinated people. […] Researchers continue to study what happens when someone has COVID-19 a second time. Reinfections and breakthrough infections are generally milder than the first infection. But severe illness can still happen. Serious illness is more likely among people older than age 65, people with more than four medical conditions and people with weakened immune systems.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice

  COVID-19 vaccines are safe. […] Some people will experience mild side effects after being vaccinated against COVID-19. Common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines include fever, head or body aches and a sore arm. These symptoms usually go away within a day or two and, if needed, can be managed by getting some rest, drinking fluids, or taking pain-relieving medications. […] If you do get COVID-19 after vaccination, you are more likely to have mild or no symptoms than if you hadn’t been vaccinated. […] It takes a couple of weeks after each dose of the COVID-19 vaccine for your body to develop maximum levels of immunity; you are not protected right away. Protection against COVID-19 severe disease and death is highest in the first few months after vaccination and then starts to decrease. […] It is still possible to get COVID-19 and spread it to others after being vaccinated, so continue to do everything you can to keep yourself and others healthy.

• #2 COVID-19 vaccine side effects and reactions

  https://info.health.nz/immunisations/vaccines-aotearoa/covid-19-vaccines/covid-19-vaccine-side-effects-and-reactions

  Severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis are rare but serious side effects. These reactions usually happen soon after your vaccine, which is why you need to wait at least 15 minutes. […] If you feel any of these serious side effect symptoms in the days or weeks after the vaccine, you should see your healthcare provider.

• #2 COVID-19 Vaccines FAQ

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/covid-vaccine-faq/

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone age 6 months and older get an updated 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine to protect against the potentially serious outcomes of COVID-19, including severe disease, hospitalization, and death. […] COVID-19 vaccines have been studied in multiple clinical trials, each of which has included thousands of individuals. Since the start of the pandemic, billions of doses have been administered in the US and globally. […] Serious adverse events from the vaccines are rare and less severe than the disease. […] It typically takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination, so it is possible to be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 before or after vaccination. Vaccination helps protect against severe disease and related complications including hospitalization and death, but are not as effective in preventing mild COVID-19 infections.

• #2 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Health authorities around the world, including the NHS and CDC, recommend the use of paracetamol to treat fever and mild pain symptoms following vaccination, advising that patients should take the normal dose of paracetamol and follow the advice on the packaging. For certain groups of people, post-vaccination symptoms are a greater or more complex consideration. For these people, paracetamol is a vital resource, providing them with the confidence that they can have the vaccine and manage related symptoms effectively. […] High vaccination rates among health and care staff are vital in protecting care facilities against future outbreaks. Health and care organisations around the world therefore must consider how vaccine uptake can be maximised while staff sickness caused by post-vaccination symptoms is minimised. The American Health Care Association and National Center for Assisted Living reassure organisations that the majority of staff with post-vaccination symptoms are unlikely to take time off if using paracetamol to manage them.

• #3 COVID-19 Vaccines FAQ

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/covid-vaccine-faq/

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone age 6 months and older get an updated 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine to protect against the potentially serious outcomes of COVID-19, including severe disease, hospitalization, and death. […] COVID-19 vaccines have been studied in multiple clinical trials, each of which has included thousands of individuals. Since the start of the pandemic, billions of doses have been administered in the US and globally. […] Serious adverse events from the vaccines are rare and less severe than the disease. […] It typically takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination, so it is possible to be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 before or after vaccination. Vaccination helps protect against severe disease and related complications including hospitalization and death, but are not as effective in preventing mild COVID-19 infections.

• #3

  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-vaccination-what-to-expect-after-vaccination/what-to-expect-after-your-covid-19-vaccination

  People who are most at risk from the complications of coronavirus (COVID-19) are being offered the COVID-19 vaccination. This guide tells you what to expect after you have had your vaccination. […] Like all medicines, vaccines can cause side effects. Most of these are mild and short-term, and not everyone gets them. The common side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine start within a day and may last for a few days. […] These include: having a painful, heavy feeling and tenderness in the arm where you had your injection, feeling tired, headache, aches and chills. […] You may also have flu-like symptoms with episodes of shivering and shaking for a day or two. However, a high temperature could also indicate that you have COVID-19 or another infection. […] An uncommon side effect is swollen glands in the armpit or neck on the same side as the arm where you had the vaccine. This can last for around 10 days, but if it lasts longer see your doctor.

• #3 Side Effects and COVID-19 Vaccines: What to Expect | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2020/side-effects-and-covid-19-vaccines-what-to-expect

  The side effects of the vaccine typically start within 12 to 24 hours of vaccination, but it may be difficult to tell the two apart if you become infected between vaccine doses. […] If you experience side effects that last beyond 48 hours, you should contact your doctor or medical provider for advice.

• #3 Side effects after a COVID shot indicate it’s working – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/side-effects-after-a-covid-shot-indicate-its-working

  One reason people avoid getting a COVID booster is concern about side effects like fatigue, achiness, muscle and joint pain, chills, headache, and fever. […] But a new study found that these symptoms indicate a robust immune response to the vaccine that increases antibody levels and offers extra protection against the virus. […] One month after the second dose, they found that those who cited at least one side effect, such as chills, fatigue, headache, or generally feeling unwell, had antibody levels 1.4 to 1.6 times higher than those who reported no symptoms. […] Of note, COVID vaccines increase antibody levels in almost everyone who gets vaccinated even if they have no symptoms.

• #3 Side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines | RIVM

  https://www.rivm.nl/en/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccination/side-effects

  This page contains information about the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines. […] After COVID-19 vaccination, you may experience side effects, which will generally be mild. The injection site may be sore and/or red, and you may have a headache and feel tired. Muscle pain, joint pain, chills and fever may also occur after COVID-19 vaccination. Side effects happen because a COVID-19 vaccination kickstarts your body’s immune system. They usually go away by themselves within 3 days, but they can be unpleasant. […] In very rare cases, inflammatory diseases of the heart may occur following COVID-19 vaccination with an mRNA vaccine or protein-based vaccine: myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) or pericarditis (inflammation of the outer lining of the heart). This rare side effect is seen most often in boys and younger men between 12 and 40 years old. Myocarditis and pericarditis mostly start in the first 7 days after vaccination. […] Symptoms include: shortness of breath, chest pain, a forceful heartbeat that may sometimes be irregular. The symptoms can vary significantly in severity and usually improve on their own or can be treated effectively with medication. If you have these symptoms after vaccination, contact a doctor.

• #3 COVID-19 Vaccines FAQ

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-diseases/covid-19/covid-vaccine-faq/

  There have been rare reports of inflammation of the heart (myocarditis or pericarditis) following vaccination. Most of the reported cases have been among male adolescents and young adults and have occurred within several days following the second dose of the vaccine. […] Symptoms of myocarditis or pericarditis can include: Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Feelings of having a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart. […] Side effects may include a sore arm, pain, swelling or redness at the injection site, fever, fatigue, or other symptoms. These symptoms are normal, should be expected, and are a sign that the body is building immunity. These side effects usually only last a few days.

• #3 COVID-19 vaccines and cardiac inflammation | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/covid-19-vaccines/advice-for-providers/clinical-guidance/myocarditis-pericarditis

  Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccines are rare: mostly reported in males under 40 years of age, after the second dose. […] Most cases are mild and patients recover quickly. […] There is a link between COVID-19 vaccines and rare side effects of myocarditis and pericarditis. […] Myocarditis and pericarditis occur in the general population from a variety of causes. Not all cases that occur after vaccination are caused by the vaccine. Myocarditis and pericarditis can also be caused by COVID-19. […] The risk of myocarditis is highest in people aged 16 to 30 years (peak 16 to 18 years), and is higher in males than females. […] Most myocarditis and pericarditis cases linked to COVID-19 vaccination have been mild and patients have recovered quickly. […] Symptoms of myocarditis or pericarditis typically appear within 1 to 5 days of vaccination. People who experience any of these symptoms after having an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine should seek prompt medical attention: chest pain, pressure or discomfort in the chest, irregular, skipped heartbeats or ‘fluttering’, fainting, shortness of breath, pain when breathing.

• #3 Covid-19 vaccines: side effects, safety and how to book one – BHF

  https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/covid-booster-vaccine

  The vast majority of side effects for both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are mild and short-term. […] They often include things like: pain at the injection site, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills. […] The Moderna vaccine can also give you joint pain. […] Often side effects are just a sign that the vaccine is doing its job. […] Some people might feel slightly unwell because their immune system is responding to the protein, but this is not Covid-19, and the vaccine cannot give you the virus. […] There is a link between mRNA Covid-19 vaccines and an increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis. […] However, the risk of myocarditis and pericarditis after a Covid-19 vaccine is very low. […] According to patient leaflets for the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, up to 1 in 10,000 people may experience myocarditis or pericarditis after being vaccinated.

• #3 COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-vaccine/art-20484859

  In rare cases, getting a COVID-19 vaccine can cause an allergic reaction. Symptoms of a life-threatening allergic reaction can include: Breathing problems. Fast heartbeat, dizziness or weakness. Swelling in the throat. Hives. […] If you or your child has any of these symptoms within a week of getting a COVID-19 vaccine, seek medical care. […] The risk of myocarditis or pericarditis after a COVID-19 vaccine is rare. These conditions have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination with any of the vaccines offered in the United States. Most cases have been reported in males ages 12 to 39. […] These conditions happened more often after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and typically within one week of COVID-19 vaccination. Most of the people who got care felt better after receiving medicine and resting.

• #3 What are the long-term side effects of COVID vaccines? 3 things to know – UAB Reporter

  https://www.uab.edu/reporter/in-the-know/what-are-the-long-term-side-effects-of-covid-vaccines-3-things-to-know

  On July 12, 2021, the FDA announced that in rare cases (100 reports out of 12.8 million shots given in the United States), the JJ vaccine is associated with Guillan-Barr syndrome. […] The long-term side effects of COVID infection are a major concern. Up to 10 percent of people who have COVID experience side effects such as difficulty thinking, pain, tiredness, loss of taste and depression. We dont know why that is, how long these symptoms will last or if there are effective ways to treat them. That is the most troubling unknown for me. […] It is COVID infection, and the growing evidence of persistent symptoms from what has become known as long COVID, that are the most troubling unknown out there, says Goepfert.

• #3 Managing COVID-19 Vaccination Symptoms | Haleon HealthPartner

  https://www.haleonhealthpartner.com/en-hk/news-events/covid-19/vaccination-symptoms/

  Health authorities around the world, including the NHS and CDC, recommend the use of paracetamol to treat fever and mild pain symptoms following vaccination, advising that patients should take the normal dose of paracetamol and follow the advice on the packaging. For certain groups of people, post-vaccination symptoms are a greater or more complex consideration. For these people, paracetamol is a vital resource, providing them with the confidence that they can have the vaccine and manage related symptoms effectively. […] High vaccination rates among health and care staff are vital in protecting care facilities against future outbreaks. Health and care organisations around the world therefore must consider how vaccine uptake can be maximised while staff sickness caused by post-vaccination symptoms is minimised. The American Health Care Association and National Center for Assisted Living reassure organisations that the majority of staff with post-vaccination symptoms are unlikely to take time off if using paracetamol to manage them.

• #3 What to Expect After a Second Vaccine Shot | COVID-19 | NorthBay Health

  https://www.northbay.org/about/COVID-19-Questions-and-Answers-Dose2.cfm

  Most patients do not experience anything other than a mildly sore arm after the first dose. The second dose appears to really stimulate your immune system, which is a good thing, that’s the whole point of the vaccine. It is common to feel like you are coming down with a cold/flu the day after your second shot. You may have a headache, fever, body aches and fatigue… it tends to only last about a day. It is very important to understand that this is expected. What you are feeling is your immune system building a strong defense against COVID. […] Yes, the vaccine is highly effective and your body is building a response to the vaccine even if you don’t have any side effects. […] Seek medical attention if you experience any respiratory problems such as trouble breathing or if the symptoms persist after two days. […] The Pfizer vaccine reaches its full effect one to two weeks after the second dose. […] More time is needed to study how long immunity lasts. Studies show that people who were vaccinated had a very strong immunity to COVID-19 but scientists don’t yet know how long that immunity will last.

• #3 COVID-19 Vaccine: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.covid-19-vaccine-care-instructions.acl4101

  The COVID-19 vaccine can help protect you from getting very sick from COVID-19. If you get COVID-19, your symptoms will probably be less severe than if you hadn’t gotten the vaccine. You can’t get COVID-19 from the vaccine. […] You might not have side effects. But if you do, they’ll probably be like those of other vaccines, including: Fever. Soreness. Feeling very tired. This is normal. Your body is building protection against COVID-19. […] You may also have other side effects, including: Chills. Headache. Pain, redness, a rash, or swelling in the arm where you had the vaccine. Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit of the arm where you had the vaccine. Nausea. Side effects will likely go away in a few days. Until then, it may be harder to do your usual activities. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have one or more of these symptoms within a few weeks of getting a COVID-19 vaccine. Shortness of breath. Chest pain, or a feeling of a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart. Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any problems.

• #3

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus

  COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. Most infected people will develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. […] Most common symptoms: fever, cough, tiredness, loss of taste or smell. […] Less common symptoms: sore throat, headache, aches and pains, diarrhoea, a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes, red or irritated eyes. […] Serious symptoms: difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, loss of speech or mobility, or confusion, chest pain. […] Seek immediate medical attention if you have serious symptoms. Always call before visiting your doctor or health facility. […] People with mild symptoms who are otherwise healthy should manage their symptoms at home. […] On average it takes 56 days from when someone is infected with the virus for symptoms to show, however it can take up to 14 days.

• #4 Side effects and safety of COVID-19 vaccines

  https://www2.hse.ie/screening-and-vaccinations/covid-19-vaccine/side-effects/

  Very rare side effects may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people. These include: myocarditis, pericarditis. […] Get urgent medical help if you get any of these symptoms in the weeks after the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine: breathlessness, palpitations (a forceful heartbeat that may be irregular), chest pain. […] Signs of myocarditis in younger children may be more general including: irritability, vomiting, difficulty feeding, rapid and shallow breathing, fatigue. […] Extremely rare side effects include: a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), extensive swelling of the limb where you got your vaccine, tingling or prickling sensation, or loss of sensation in some part of the body, people who have had facial fillers may develop swelling of their face, erythema multiforme – a skin reaction that causes red spots or patches on the skin. It may look like a target or 'bulls-eye’ with a dark red centre surrounded by paler red ring, heavy menstrual bleeding (periods).

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