Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Ask The Experts About Vaccines: Meningococcal B | Immunize.org

  https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/menb/

  Meningococcal disease is a bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis. Meningococcal disease usually presents clinically as meningitis (about 50% of cases), bacteremia (30% of cases), or bacteremic pneumonia (15% of cases). […] N. meningitidis is classified into 12 serogroups based on characteristics of the polysaccharide capsule. Most invasive disease (such as meningitis and sepsis) is caused by serogroups A, B, C, W, X and Y. […] Between 2011 and 2020 in the United States, serogroup B caused about 60% of cases among children younger than 5 years old, and serogroups C, W, or Y caused about two out of three cases in people age 11 years or older. […] Since late 2014, vaccines have become available that offer protection from meningococcal serogroup B disease (MenB; Bexsero by GSK; Trumenba by Pfizer).

• #1 Meningococcal Vaccines – Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | Aetna

  https://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/300_399/0356.html

  Aetna considers serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine (Bexsero and Trumenba) as a medically necessary preventive service according to the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). […] For members 10 years of age or older with one or more of the following risk factors for N. meningitidis serogroup B meningococcal disease: Anatomic asplenia (surgical or congenital) or functional asplenia (sickle cell disease); Persistent complement component deficiencies (e.g., C3, C5-C9, properdin, factor H, or factor D) or use of complement inhibitors (e.g., eculizumab [Soliris] or ravulizumab [Ultomiris]); Exposure during an outbreak of serogroup B meningococcal (N. meningitidis) disease; Microbiologists who are routinely exposed to N. meningitidis isolates.

• #1 Meningococcal vaccines – Government of Nova Scotia, Canada

  https://novascotia.ca/meningococcal-vaccines/

  You can book an appointment for a Meningococcal B vaccine if youre 25 or younger and in congregate living. […] You can also get a Meningococcal B vaccine if youre at increased risk at no cost. […] You can get a meningococcal B vaccine (at no cost) if youre 25 or younger and are: entering post-secondary education and will be living in a congregate setting operated by a post-secondary institution (like a residence or dormitory) for the first time […] Youre also eligible to receive 2 doses of Meningococcal B vaccine at no cost (due to increased risk of getting meningococcal disease) if you have one of the following immune-suppressing conditions: congenital immunodeficiency […] Contact your primary healthcare provider or specialized healthcare team to book an appointment for the Meningococcal B vaccine.

• #1 Meningitis B (MenB) vaccine | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/immunisation/vaccines/meningitis-b-menb-vaccine/

  The meningitis B (MenB) vaccine helps protect against meningitis and septicaemia (blood poisoning) caused by meningococcal bacteria B. […] The MenB vaccine is routinely offered to all babies at 8, 16 weeks, and 12 to 13 months. […] The MenB vaccine has been part of the routine childhood immunisation programme in Scotland since 1 September 2015. […] The MenB vaccine is given as an injection and helps to protect babies against meningitis and septicaemia caused by meningococcal bacteria group B. […] The MenB vaccine is highly effective against serious infections caused by meningococcal group B bacteria. […] Before they’re allowed to be used, all vaccines are carefully tested for safety and effectiveness. […] The vaccine shouldn’t be given to babies who have had a severe reaction to a previous dose of the vaccine or any of the ingredients of the vaccine.

• #1 MenB vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/menb-vaccine/

  The MenB vaccine helps protect against meningococcal group B bacteria that can cause serious illnesses, including meningitis and sepsis. […] The MenB vaccine helps protect children against bacterial infections caused by meningococcal group B bacteria (MenB). […] Children are offered 3 doses of the MenB vaccine as part of the NHS vaccination schedule. […] It’s best to have the MenB vaccines on time so children are protected when they’re most at risk of getting MenB illnesses. […] If your child has missed any of their MenB vaccines, contact their GP surgery. They can still have the MenB vaccine up to the age of 2. […] Your child can have the MenB vaccine if they’re unwell but they do not have a high temperature. […] The MenB vaccine works very well at protecting children against most types of meningococcal group B bacteria in the UK.

• #1 Meningococcal B Vaccine VIS | Vaccines & Immunizations | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal-b.html

  Meningococcal B vaccine can help protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B. […] For best protection, more than 1 dose of a meningococcal B vaccine is needed. There are two meningococcal B vaccines available. The same vaccine must be used for all doses. […] Meningococcal B vaccines are recommended for people 10 years or older who are at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease, including: People at risk because of a serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak. […] These vaccines may also be given to anyone 16 through 23 years old to provide short-term protection against most strains of serogroup B meningococcal disease, based on discussions between the patient and health care provider. […] Meningococcal B vaccination should be postponed for pregnant women unless the woman is at increased risk and, after consultation with her health care provider, the benefits of vaccination are considered to outweigh the potential risks.

• #1 MenB Information | Student Affairs and Campus Diversity | SDSU

  https://sacd.sdsu.edu/health-promotion/healthier-you/menb

  San Diego State University is continuing its efforts to support the health and safety of the university community. […] SDSU is asking all students 23 years of age and younger to check their immunization records and to get vaccinated for MenB a potentially fatal disease spread through close contact with those who are ill. […] The effective vaccines for MenB are Trumenba and Bexsero, which were approved by the FDA in 2014-15. Many students did not receive them while in high school but did receive vaccines for other meningitis serogroups. […] MenB is life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is critical because the disease progresses rapidly and can be fatal in as few as 12 hours after symptoms that often resemble influenza. […] The early symptoms usually associated with meningococcal meningitis may resemble the flu and include high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, rash, nausea, vomiting and lethargy. Because the disease progresses rapidly, often in as little as 12 hours, prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to recovery.

• #1

  https://www.kflaph.ca/en/health-topics/Meningococcal_disease.aspx

  Vaccination against meningococcal B (MenB) is not part of the routine (free) vaccination schedule in Ontario. […] Talk to your health care provider about getting your MenB vaccine. […] If a doctor suspects meningococcal disease, they will collect samples of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (fluid near the spinal cord). […] Growing the bacteria in the laboratory allows doctors to know the specific type of bacteria that is causing the infection. […] Knowing this helps doctors decide which antibiotic will work best.

• #1 Neisseria meningitidis, IgG, Vaccine Response, MAID | Test Detail | Quest Diagnostics

  https://testdirectory.questdiagnostics.com/test/test-detail/15903/neisseria-meningitidis-igg-vaccine-response-maid?p=r&cc=MASTER

  Neisseria meningitidis, IgG, Vaccine Response, MAID – This assay measures serum IgG antibodies recognizing polysaccharide antigens from the four Neisseria meningitidis serogroups included in the licensed meningococcal vaccine. The meningococcal vaccine response is best evaluated by testing pre-vaccination and post-vaccination samples in parallel. A two-fold or greater increase for at least two serogroups is expected when comparing post-vaccination to pre-vaccination results. N. Meningitidis IgG levels peak approximately one month post-vaccination, but decline markedly by two years. […] This test was developed and its analytical performance characteristics have been determined by Quest Diagnostics. It has not been cleared or approved by FDA. This assay has been validated pursuant to the CLIA regulations and is used for clinical purposes. […] Reference ranges are provided as general guidance only. To interpret test results use the reference range in the laboratory report.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4755123/

  According to conventional genotyping and other preliminary studies the antigens contained in Bexsero are not only pan genomic, i.e. present in the majority of circulating serogroup B strains, but in addition are evolutionarily conserved in the meningococcal population leading to the fact that Bexsero may also offer a certain level of protection against non-B serogroups meningococci. […] MATS evaluates the degree to which circulating serogroup B strains express each of the vaccine antigens, fHbp, NadA, NHBA, and PorA1.4, and helps determine the probability that strains will be killed in hSBA by antibodies obtained from individuals immunized with Bexsero. […] Bexsero main antigens are not exclusive to serogroup B because the genes encoding for the antigens fHbp, NHBA and NadA can be present and expressed also in the other serogroups suggesting that the immunization with Bexsero could potentially offer a certain level of protection also against non-B strains.

• #1 What to Know About the Meningitis B Vaccine

  https://www.healthline.com/health/meningitis/meningitis-b-vaccine

  The meningitis B vaccine is a shot thats designed to protect you from developing this illness. Meningitis B is a serious bacterial infection that affects the lining of your brain and spinal cord. It can spread quickly and even be fatal within as little as 24 to 48 hours after symptoms begin. […] MenB protects you from type B. MenB vaccines are also known as serotype B meningococcal vaccines or meningitis B vaccines. […] The meningitis B vaccine can help reduce transmission between people and prevent or manage outbreaks. […] The CDC recommends the meningitis B vaccine for people 10 years or older who are at an increased risk for meningococcal disease. […] A 2021 study examined Bexsero using data from Quebec, Italy, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and South Australia to determine its safety and effectiveness.

• #1 Serogroup B Meningococcal (MenB) Vaccines – California Vaccines for Children (VFC)

  https://eziz.org/administration/schedules-recs/serogroup-b-meningococcal-menb-vaccines/

  MenB vaccines are based on surface proteins that have greater variation between circulating strains. As a result, MenB vaccines are believed to be effective against most, but not all, MenB strains. Additional data on the breadth of MenB vaccine coverage are expected in the future. […] At this time, the duration of protection from MenB vaccine is unknown. Therefore, immunization now with MenB vaccine may not avoid the need later for antibiotic chemoprophylaxis or booster vaccination after future exposures to MenB disease; specific guidance will depend on the type of exposure and available information on the duration of immunity. […] Yes, immunization is not expected to be 100% effective. Consider the possibility of meningococcal disease when evaluating patients with consistent signs and symptoms, even if they have been previously immunized with MenB or MenACWY (MCV4) vaccines.

• #1 Fluctuations in serogroup B meningococcal vaccine antigens prior to routine MenB vaccination in France | Communications Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00800-2

  These predictions were based on phenotypic testing of the circulating isolates using serum bactericidal assays (SBA) in addition to other assays that score the homology of the vaccine corresponding antigens in each isolate to those included in the vaccine as well as their level of expression at the surface of each isolate. […] Two phenotypic assays, meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) and meningococcal antigen surface expression (MEASURE) assays, were developed and used to predict the coverage rate of NmB that was estimated to be around 78% and 91% in Europe for the 4CMenB and the bivalent rLP2086, respectively. […] MenDeVAR analysis was first used to predict vaccine coverage of the 1691 NmB isolates by both vaccines 4CMenB and bivalent rLP2086. […] Consequently, MenDeVAR predicted a coverage of 973 isolates (57.5%) for the 4CMenB vaccine and of 1268 isolates (75.0%) for the Bivalent rLP2086 vaccine of the 1961 total isolates of the study.

• #1 Meningococcal B Vaccine VIS | Vaccines & Immunizations | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/current-vis/meningococcal-b.html

  Soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot is given, tiredness, fatigue, headache, muscle or joint pain, fever, chills, nausea, or diarrhea can happen after meningococcal B vaccination. […] An allergic reaction could occur after the vaccinated person leaves the clinic. If you see signs of a severe allergic reaction (hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, or weakness), call 9-1-1 and get the person to the nearest hospital.

• #1 Meningitis B (MenB) vaccine | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/immunisation/vaccines/meningitis-b-menb-vaccine/

  After having the vaccine there may be side effects, but these are usually mild. […] Fever can be expected after any immunisation, but is more common when the MenB vaccine is given with the other routine vaccines at 8 and 16 weeks. […] In infants who do develop a fever after vaccination, the fever tends to peak around 6 hours after vaccination and is nearly always gone completely within 2 days.

• #1 Serogroup B Meningococcal vaccine (MenB) – What you need to know Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/special-topic/serogroup-b-meningococcal-vaccine-menb-what-you-need-to-know

  Meningococcal B vaccine can help protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B. A different meningococcal vaccine is available that can help protect against serogroups A, C, W, and Y. […] Meningococcal B vaccines are recommended for people 10 years or older who are at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease, including: […] These vaccines may also be given to anyone 16 through 23 years old to provide short-term protection against most strains of serogroup B meningococcal disease, based on discussions between the patient and health care provider. […] Meningococcal B vaccination should be postponed for pregnant women unless the woman is at increased risk and, after consultation with her health care provider, the benefits of vaccination are considered to outweigh the potential risks. […] Risks of a vaccine reaction include soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot is given, tiredness, headache, muscle or joint pain, fever, or nausea can happen after meningococcal B vaccination. […] Adverse reactions should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

• #1 Ask The Experts About Vaccines: Meningococcal B | Immunize.org

  https://www.immunize.org/ask-experts/topic/menb/

  MenACWY vaccines provide no protection against serogroup B disease, and MenB vaccines provide no protection against serogroup A, C, W, or Y disease. […] MenB is routinely recommended for these groups: People age 10 years and older who have functional or anatomic asplenia (including sickle cell disease). […] For adolescents and young adults not otherwise at increased risk for meningococcal B disease, ACIP recommends that a MenB series may be administered to people 16 through 23 years of age (preferred age 16 through 18 years) on the basis of shared clinical decision-making. […] MenB vaccines were approved based on the serologic response to the vaccine. […] Short term protection refers to the known duration of the antibody response. […] The first booster dose is recommended one year after completion of the primary series, with subsequent booster doses every 2-3 years as long as risk remains. […] ACIP recommends booster doses of MenB vaccines for people at increased risk of MenB disease.

• #1 Meningococcal Vaccines – Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | Aetna

  https://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/300_399/0356.html

  ACIP recommends routine vaccination of persons aged 10 years or older at increased risk for meningococcal disease (dosing schedule varies by vaccine brand; boosters should be administered at 1 year after primary series completion, then every 2 – 3 years thereafter). […] MenB vaccination is not routinely recommended for all adolescents. Instead, ACIP recommends a 2-dose MenB series for persons aged 16 to 23 years on the basis of shared clinical decision-making, which refers to an individually based vaccine recommendation informed by a decision-making process between the health care provider and the patient or parent/guardian. The preferred age for MenB vaccination is 16 to 18 years. […] The ACIP recommends booster doses for previously vaccinated persons who become or remain at increased risk. For persons 10 years of age or older with persistent complement deficiencies (including patients using a complement inhibitor), anatomic and functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), or are microbiologists routinely exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis, ACIP recommends single booster dose at 1 yr after completion of primary vaccination and every 2-3 yrs thereafter. […] In August 2024, the FDA approved Bexsero 3-dose series (at 0, 1-2, and 6 months) for active immunization to prevent invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B for use in individuals aged 10 through 25 years. Previously approved as a 2-dose series.

• #1 MenB vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/menb-vaccine/

  Research has shown that the vaccine is very effective at preventing illnesses caused by these bacteria. […] Since the vaccine has been used in the UK, there has been a big drop in the number of young children getting MenB illnesses. […] The MenB vaccine does not protect against other causes of meningitis and sepsis, so it’s still important to be aware of the symptoms.

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4755123/

  These preliminary results can represent an indication that Bexsero may potentially have an impact on prevention of the meningococcal disease caused by non B serogroups. […] The UK Joint Committee on Vaccination (JCVI) has stated that „the multicomponent MenB vaccine Bexsero would likely provide some protection against other serogroups of meningococci, including serogroup C” thus suggesting the possibility to remove the dose of meningococcal C vaccine at 3 months of age in the immunizations infants calendar, after the introduction of MenB vaccine as a universal vaccination for infants in the UK schedule.

• #1 MenB Vaccine (Meningococcal B Vaccine) | Vaccine Knowledge Project

  https://vaccineknowledge.ox.ac.uk/menb-vaccine

  The JCVI have recently suggested that the MenB vaccine should be used in a targeted programme to prevent gonorrhoea. Cases are currently at a record high in the UK and this recommendation should help to reduce this. […] Meningococcal disease (Neisseria meningitidis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) are closely genetically related, with evidence showing that the MenB vaccine provides some cross-protection against gonorrhoea (between 32.7% to 42%).

• #1 UK vaccine body recommends meningitis B vaccine for gonorrhoea prevention | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/news/nov-2023/uk-vaccine-body-recommends-meningitis-b-vaccine-gonorrhoea-prevention

  Also, the advice only applies to the vaccine already approved in the UK for meningitis B prevention in adolescents and young people, 4CMenB (Bexsero). It does not apply to the MenB-FHbp (Trumenba) vaccine licensed as an additional option in the United States and European Union. Trumenba contains different proteins and its effectiveness against gonorrhoea infection is still being studied.

• #1 Fluctuations in serogroup B meningococcal vaccine antigens prior to routine MenB vaccination in France | Communications Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00800-2

  Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) of serogroup B is preventable by protein-based vaccines targeting one (Bivalent rLP2086 vaccine) or several variable proteins (4CMenB vaccine) at the bacterial surface. […] The 4CMenB was licensed in Europe in 2013 but has been recommended and reimbursed in France for infants over 2 months old since April 2022. […] Evaluating strain coverage and fluctuations prior to large scale vaccine use is highly informative. […] MenDeVar-predicted coverage fluctuated between 46.8% and 60.6% during the four periods for the 4CMenB and between 63.4% and 81.3% for rLP2086. […] IMD epidemiology is continuously changing with fluctuation in vaccine strain coverage over the 48 years prior to the routine implementation of the vaccines. […] The prediction of strain coverage became a key point in tailoring vaccination strategies.

• #1 Your Child’s Vaccines: Meningococcal Vaccines (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/meningitis-vaccine.html

  The meningococcal B vaccine (MenB) protects against a fifth type of meningococcal bacterium (called type B). It is fairly new and not yet recommended as a routine vaccine for healthy people. But some kids and teens with a higher risk for meningococcal disease should get it starting from age 10. Others who are not at increased risk can get it when they’re 1623 years old (ideally when they’re 1618, when their risk of getting infected is highest). The decision to get the MenB vaccine should be made together by teens, their parents, and the doctor. […] Kids 10 years and older with these risk factors also should get the MenB vaccine. They’ll need 2 or 3 doses depending on the brand. They might need more booster doses if the risk factor remains. […] For those without risk factors, the preferred age range is 1618 years. Usually, they need 2 doses. […] The MenACWY and MenB vaccines can be given at the same time, but at a different place on the body. Also, kids ages 10 or older can get a vaccine that combines MenACWY and MenB in one shot (called MenABCWY) if they’re scheduled to get these vaccines at the same visit.

• #1 Bacterial Meningitis: History of Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://asm.org/articles/2024/july/bacterial-meningitis-a-history-of-diagnosis-and-tr

  Meningococcal disease can be diagnosed by the microbiology lab using culture and PCR techniques. […] For patients who present with meningitis only, a CSF specimen should be collected and sent for testing. […] Still, bacterial culture is considered the gold standard test for the diagnosis of N. meningiditis and has nearly 100% specificity. […] Advantages of culture include, the ability to perform serotyping and susceptibility testing, or sequencing from isolates if necessary. […] There are now commercially available multiplex PCR tests that can detect N. meningiditis from CSF or blood, along with other pathogens that may infect these sterile body sites. […] The advantages of PCR for diagnosis of meningococcal disease include, increased sensitivity and rapid turnaround time, as well as reducing the risk of infection to medical laboratory scientists thanks to decreased handling and closed testing systems. […] The major disadvantage of performing PCR directly from clinical specimens suspected of having N. meningiditis is that susceptibility testing cannot be performed.

• #2 MenB Vaccine (Meningococcal B Vaccine) | Vaccine Knowledge Project

  https://vaccineknowledge.ox.ac.uk/menb-vaccine

  Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. It causes a range of serious, life-threatening diseases including septicaemia (blood poisoning) and meningitis (an infection of the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord). […] The MenB vaccine protects against infection by group B meningococcal bacteria. […] The UK was the first group of countries in the world to introduce a MenB vaccine into its national programme using the Bexsero vaccine, which has shown to be very effective in preventing MenB disease in infants and young children since it was implemented into the UK’s national infant immunisation programme in September 2015. […] The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advises the UK government on vaccination and immunisation have recently suggested that the MenB vaccine should be used in a targeted programme to prevent cases of gonorrhoea. Evidence has shown that the MenB vaccine provides some protection against gonorrhoea which is caused by gonococcal bacteria that are closely related to meningococcal bacteria.

• #2 Meningococcal b (Men-b) vaccine | HealthLink BC

  https://immunizebc.ca/vaccines/meningococcal-b

  Speak with your health care provider if you or your child has had a life threatening allergic reaction to a previous dose of meningococcal vaccine, or any part of the Men-B vaccine including kanamycin. […] Meningococcal B infection is caused by bacteria called meningococcal type B. It can cause serious and life-threatening infections including meningitis, an infection of the lining that covers the brain, and septicemia, an infection of the blood. Permanent complications of infection include brain damage, deafness, and loss of limbs. About 1 in 20 people who get sick may die.

• #2 MenB Information | Student Affairs and Campus Diversity | SDSU

  https://sacd.sdsu.edu/health-promotion/healthier-you/menb

  San Diego State University is continuing its efforts to support the health and safety of the university community. […] SDSU is asking all students 23 years of age and younger to check their immunization records and to get vaccinated for MenB a potentially fatal disease spread through close contact with those who are ill. […] The effective vaccines for MenB are Trumenba and Bexsero, which were approved by the FDA in 2014-15. Many students did not receive them while in high school but did receive vaccines for other meningitis serogroups. […] MenB is life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is critical because the disease progresses rapidly and can be fatal in as few as 12 hours after symptoms that often resemble influenza. […] The early symptoms usually associated with meningococcal meningitis may resemble the flu and include high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, rash, nausea, vomiting and lethargy. Because the disease progresses rapidly, often in as little as 12 hours, prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to recovery.

• #2 Meningitis B Vaccine | BEXSERO

  https://www.bexsero.com/

  BEXSERO is a vaccine approved for 10- through 25-year-olds to prevent meningococcal group B disease (also known as meningitis B) caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria. […] BEXSERO may not protect all individuals. […] Vaccination with BEXSERO can be completed with 2 or 3 doses. […] Talk to your healthcare professional about vaccination with BEXSERO. […] BEXSERO is a vaccine approved to help prevent meningitis B. […] About 1 in 10 people infected with meningitis B will die, sometimes within 24 hours. […] Meningitis B usually strikes without warning. […] Anyone who is allergic to the ingredients of BEXSERO or who had a severe allergic reaction after a previous dose should not receive BEXSERO. […] BEXSERO may not protect all vaccine recipients. […] Some individuals with weakened immune systems may have reduced immune responses to BEXSERO. […] Individuals with certain complement deficiencies and individuals receiving treatment that inhibits terminal complement activation (for example, eculizumab) are at increased risk for invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis group B even after being vaccinated with BEXSERO.

• #2 Meningococcal B vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007659.htm

  Meningococcal B vaccine can help protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B. A different meningococcal vaccine is available that can help protect against serogroups A, C, W, and Y. […] Meningococcal B vaccines are recommended for people 10 years or older who are at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease, including: […] These vaccines may also be given to anyone 16 through 23 years old to provide short-term protection against most strains of serogroup B meningococcal disease, based on discussions between the patient and health care provider. […] Meningococcal B vaccination should be postponed for pregnant women unless the woman is at increased risk and, after consultation with her health care provider, the benefits of vaccination are considered to outweigh the potential risks.

• #2 Meningococcal Disease Fact Sheet

  https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/2168/

  Teens and young adults can also be vaccinated against the „B” strain, also known as MenB vaccine. Talk to your healthcare provider about whether they recommend vaccine against the „B” strain. […] Early diagnosis of meningococcal disease is very important. If it is caught early, meningococcal disease can be treated with antibiotics. However, sometimes the infection has caused too much damage for antibiotics to prevent death or serious long-term problems. Most people need to be cared for in a hospital due to the serious, life-threatening nature of this infection.

• #2 Meningitis B: Symptoms, Outlook, and Vaccination

  https://www.healthline.com/health/meningitis/meningitis-b

  The best way to eliminate your risk of contracting N. meningitidis is by getting vaccinated. Your doctor may recommend that your child get two types of vaccines: […] People ages 16 to 23 may also be recommended to get the MenB vaccine, which protects against bacterial serogroup B. Its approved for anyone over age 10. This vaccine is typically given in two doses to teens aged 16 to 18. […] When these conditions apply, the MenB vaccine is always recommended. In these situations, booster shots may also be recommended every 2 or 3 years. […] Possible MenB vaccine side effects include: redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site, fever, headache, chills, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle aches. […] Meningitis B is a medical emergency thats always treated in a hospital. If you have meningitis B, youll immediately be given an injection of broad-spectrum antibiotics. […] The sooner treatment is administered, the better chance of a positive outcome. […] Theres a vaccine that significantly reduces or eliminates the risk of developing meningitis B. To have the most complete protection against meningococcal disease, two different vaccinations are required.

• #2 Bacterial Meningitis: History of Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://asm.org/articles/2024/july/bacterial-meningitis-a-history-of-diagnosis-and-tr

  Meningococcal disease can be diagnosed by the microbiology lab using culture and PCR techniques. […] For patients who present with meningitis only, a CSF specimen should be collected and sent for testing. […] Still, bacterial culture is considered the gold standard test for the diagnosis of N. meningiditis and has nearly 100% specificity. […] Advantages of culture include, the ability to perform serotyping and susceptibility testing, or sequencing from isolates if necessary. […] There are now commercially available multiplex PCR tests that can detect N. meningiditis from CSF or blood, along with other pathogens that may infect these sterile body sites. […] The advantages of PCR for diagnosis of meningococcal disease include, increased sensitivity and rapid turnaround time, as well as reducing the risk of infection to medical laboratory scientists thanks to decreased handling and closed testing systems. […] The major disadvantage of performing PCR directly from clinical specimens suspected of having N. meningiditis is that susceptibility testing cannot be performed.

• #2 MenB vaccine – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/menb-vaccine/

  Research has shown that the vaccine is very effective at preventing illnesses caused by these bacteria. […] Since the vaccine has been used in the UK, there has been a big drop in the number of young children getting MenB illnesses. […] The MenB vaccine does not protect against other causes of meningitis and sepsis, so it’s still important to be aware of the symptoms.

• #2 Fluctuations in serogroup B meningococcal vaccine antigens prior to routine MenB vaccination in France | Communications Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00800-2

  These predictions were based on phenotypic testing of the circulating isolates using serum bactericidal assays (SBA) in addition to other assays that score the homology of the vaccine corresponding antigens in each isolate to those included in the vaccine as well as their level of expression at the surface of each isolate. […] Two phenotypic assays, meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) and meningococcal antigen surface expression (MEASURE) assays, were developed and used to predict the coverage rate of NmB that was estimated to be around 78% and 91% in Europe for the 4CMenB and the bivalent rLP2086, respectively. […] MenDeVAR analysis was first used to predict vaccine coverage of the 1691 NmB isolates by both vaccines 4CMenB and bivalent rLP2086. […] Consequently, MenDeVAR predicted a coverage of 973 isolates (57.5%) for the 4CMenB vaccine and of 1268 isolates (75.0%) for the Bivalent rLP2086 vaccine of the 1961 total isolates of the study.

• #2 What to Know About the Meningitis B Vaccine

  https://www.healthline.com/health/meningitis/meningitis-b-vaccine

  The vaccines were found to be 79 to 100 percent effective in people who received two or more doses. […] In the same 2021 study mentioned above, researchers found the vaccine demonstrated an acceptable level of safety. […] Meningitis B vaccines protect against a potentially life threatening bacterial infection that targets the lining of your brain and spinal cord.

• #2 Meningococcal B vaccine – what you need to know: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007659.htm

  Risks of a vaccine reaction include soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot is given, tiredness, headache, muscle or joint pain, fever, or nausea can happen after meningococcal B vaccination. […] An allergic reaction could occur after the vaccinated person leaves the clinic. If you see signs of a severe allergic reaction (hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness, or weakness), call 9-1-1 and get the person to the nearest hospital.

• #2 Meningococcal Vaccination | Meningococcal | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/vaccines/index.html

  Serogroup B meningococcal or MenB vaccines […] MenB and MenABCWY vaccines […] If problems occur after MenB or MenABCWY vaccination, they usually last for 3 to 5 days.

• #2 Serogroup B Meningococcal (MenB) Vaccines – California Vaccines for Children (VFC)

  https://eziz.org/administration/schedules-recs/serogroup-b-meningococcal-menb-vaccines/

  MenB vaccines are based on surface proteins that have greater variation between circulating strains. As a result, MenB vaccines are believed to be effective against most, but not all, MenB strains. Additional data on the breadth of MenB vaccine coverage are expected in the future. […] At this time, the duration of protection from MenB vaccine is unknown. Therefore, immunization now with MenB vaccine may not avoid the need later for antibiotic chemoprophylaxis or booster vaccination after future exposures to MenB disease; specific guidance will depend on the type of exposure and available information on the duration of immunity. […] Yes, immunization is not expected to be 100% effective. Consider the possibility of meningococcal disease when evaluating patients with consistent signs and symptoms, even if they have been previously immunized with MenB or MenACWY (MCV4) vaccines.

• #2

  https://www.meningitis.org/meningitis/vaccine-information-old-(1)/meningococcal-group-b-vaccine

  Meningococcal vaccines protect against disease caused by meningococcal bacteria. […] The vaccines that protect against meningococcal group B (MenB) are protein vaccines. These vaccines contain proteins found on the surface of the bacteria. […] The MenB vaccine provides protection against meningococcal disease, but doesn’t stop you from carrying the bacteria. […] Vaccination against meningococcal meningitis is also recommended if you’re travelling to areas at risk. […] Yes, all vaccines undergo extensive testing before they are licensed. […] Meningococcal vaccines are effective at preventing meningococcal disease. […] Meningococcal vaccines don’t protect against all groups of meningitis. […] Available meningococcal vaccines are not live vaccines. They cannot cause meningococcal meningitis. […] You can find out what meningococcal vaccines are available in your country, and which age groups are eligible for vaccination, by checking the WHO’s national immunisation schedule data portal.

• #2

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4755123/

  These preliminary results can represent an indication that Bexsero may potentially have an impact on prevention of the meningococcal disease caused by non B serogroups. […] The UK Joint Committee on Vaccination (JCVI) has stated that „the multicomponent MenB vaccine Bexsero would likely provide some protection against other serogroups of meningococci, including serogroup C” thus suggesting the possibility to remove the dose of meningococcal C vaccine at 3 months of age in the immunizations infants calendar, after the introduction of MenB vaccine as a universal vaccination for infants in the UK schedule.

• #2 UK vaccine body recommends meningitis B vaccine for gonorrhoea prevention | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/news/nov-2023/uk-vaccine-body-recommends-meningitis-b-vaccine-gonorrhoea-prevention

  The UKs Joint Committee for Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) has recommended that people in the United Kingdom at increased risk of contracting gonorrhoea should be offered the 4CMenB vaccine (Bexsero) to reduce their risk. […] The JCVI says that although gay and bisexual men should be the primary targets for a vaccine offer, others judged at increased risk of contracting gonorrhoea should also be eligible for the vaccine. […] The JCVIs decision is based on findings from observational studies in adolescents and young adults in New Zealand, Australia and the United States who received the 4CMenB vaccine to protect against meningitis B. The bacteria that cause meningitis B and gonorrhoea (Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) are closely related. […] While acknowledging that results of randomised studies of 4CMenB for gonorrhoea prevention are awaited, the JCVI say the existing study data, together with a cost-effectiveness analysis carried out by the UK Health Security Agency and Imperial College London, provide sufficient evidence to go ahead with a vaccination scheme in the UK.

• #2 Meningococcal Vaccine (MPSV4, MCV4): Schedule and Side Effects

  https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/meningococcal-vaccine

  Approved in 2023, PENBRAYA combines the components from two meningococcal vaccines, Trumenba (meningococcal group B vaccine) and Nimenrix(meningococcal groups A, C, W-135, and Y conjugate vaccine) to help protect against the five most common meningococcal serogroups. It’s administered in two doses six months apart and is approved for those aged 10-25 years old. […] The MCV4, MPSV4 and MenB vaccines are about 85-90% effective in preventing meningococcal disease. […] Because the vaccines do not protect against all causes of meningitis, it is still possible that someone could receive the vaccine and still get meningitis from a different strain not protected by the vaccine. But the risk of contracting meningococcal meningitis is significantly lower after the vaccine. […] Although MCV4 is the preferred vaccine for most people, if it is not available when it’s time for the vaccination, MPSV4 can be used.

• #2 Meningococcal disease – symptoms and vaccine | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/meningococcal-disease

  Meningococcal vaccines should not be given to people who have had a previous severe allergic reaction. They are generally not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women. […] Meningococcal vaccines are not 100% effective. Even if you (or your child) have had a meningococcal vaccination, go to hospital straight away if you have symptoms of meningococcal disease.

• #3 Meningococcal vaccines: Canadian Immunization Guide – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines/page-13-meningococcal-vaccine.html

  Meningococcal vaccines are recommended for individuals at high risk of IMD including those with underlying medical conditions and those who are at increased risk of exposure. […] Individuals with increased risk of meningococcal disease because of underlying medical conditions include the following: persons with functional or anatomic asplenia or sickle cell disease, persons with congenital immunodeficiencies such as complement, properdin, factor D, combined T and B cell immunodeficiencies or primary antibody deficiencies, persons with acquired complement deficiency due to receipt of the terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab (Soliris) or ravulizumab (ULTOMIRIS), individuals with HIV, especially if it is perinatally acquired. […] Meningococcal vaccine is also recommended for most close contacts of a case of IMD and for outbreak control, if the disease is caused by a serogroup contained in the vaccine.

• #3 Bacterial Meningitis: History of Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://asm.org/articles/2024/july/bacterial-meningitis-a-history-of-diagnosis-and-tr

  Meningococcal disease can be diagnosed by the microbiology lab using culture and PCR techniques. […] For patients who present with meningitis only, a CSF specimen should be collected and sent for testing. […] Still, bacterial culture is considered the gold standard test for the diagnosis of N. meningiditis and has nearly 100% specificity. […] Advantages of culture include, the ability to perform serotyping and susceptibility testing, or sequencing from isolates if necessary. […] There are now commercially available multiplex PCR tests that can detect N. meningiditis from CSF or blood, along with other pathogens that may infect these sterile body sites. […] The advantages of PCR for diagnosis of meningococcal disease include, increased sensitivity and rapid turnaround time, as well as reducing the risk of infection to medical laboratory scientists thanks to decreased handling and closed testing systems. […] The major disadvantage of performing PCR directly from clinical specimens suspected of having N. meningiditis is that susceptibility testing cannot be performed.

• #3 Fluctuations in serogroup B meningococcal vaccine antigens prior to routine MenB vaccination in France | Communications Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00800-2

  These predictions were based on phenotypic testing of the circulating isolates using serum bactericidal assays (SBA) in addition to other assays that score the homology of the vaccine corresponding antigens in each isolate to those included in the vaccine as well as their level of expression at the surface of each isolate. […] Two phenotypic assays, meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) and meningococcal antigen surface expression (MEASURE) assays, were developed and used to predict the coverage rate of NmB that was estimated to be around 78% and 91% in Europe for the 4CMenB and the bivalent rLP2086, respectively. […] MenDeVAR analysis was first used to predict vaccine coverage of the 1691 NmB isolates by both vaccines 4CMenB and bivalent rLP2086. […] Consequently, MenDeVAR predicted a coverage of 973 isolates (57.5%) for the 4CMenB vaccine and of 1268 isolates (75.0%) for the Bivalent rLP2086 vaccine of the 1961 total isolates of the study.

• #3 MenB Vaccine (Meningococcal B Vaccine) | Vaccine Knowledge Project

  https://vaccineknowledge.ox.ac.uk/menb-vaccine

  In the UK, the MenB vaccine is given to babies at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and one year of age. […] Additional doses of the vaccine are recommended for people with some long-term health conditions who are at greater risk of more severe meningococcal disease. […] The JCVI also advise that the MenB vaccine should be offered through sexual health services to those who are at increased risk of infection with bacterial sexually transmitted infections. […] A new study by Public Health England shows that infant vaccination against MenB has resulted in a significant decline in cases of the disease in young children since the programme was introduced. […] The study shows that by the third year of the programme, cases of MenB disease were 62% lower in children who were eligible for at least 2 doses of the vaccine.

• #3 FAQs on the MenB vaccine (Bexsero) | Meningitis Now

  https://www.meningitisnow.org/meningitis-explained/meningitis-vaccines/faqs-on-the-menb-vaccine-bexsero/

  The MenB vaccine helps to protect against disease caused by meningococcal group B (MenB) bacteria. MenB is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the UK. The vaccine used in the NHS routine immunisation schedule is called Bexsero and made by the pharmaceutical company GSK. […] The MenB vaccine has been offered to babies born on or after 1st May 2015. Most people born before this date will not have been offered the MenB vaccine through the NHS routine immunisation schedule. It is also recommended for people with certain long-term health conditions who are at greater risk. These include individuals with no spleen, or a spleen that does not work properly, sickle cell anaemia, coeliac disease and complement disorders (an immune disorder). […] Since the introduction of this vaccine in 2015, cases of MenB disease have reduced by half in babies. The MenB vaccine also offers some protection against other strains of meningococcal disease, including MenW.

• #3 UK vaccine body recommends meningitis B vaccine for gonorrhoea prevention | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/news/nov-2023/uk-vaccine-body-recommends-meningitis-b-vaccine-gonorrhoea-prevention

  The accumulating evidence from observational studies led French researchers to design a randomised study to test whether the 4CMenB reduced the incidence of gonorrhoea in gay and bisexual men on PrEP and at high risk of bacterial STIs. […] The JCVIs decision was influenced by a cost-effectiveness analysis which showed that even at the level of vaccine effectiveness observed in New Zealand (31%), providing the 4CMenB vaccine in sexual health clinics after a diagnosis of gonorrhoea would be cost-effective. […] The JCVI advice emphasises that the individual reduction in risk may be modest, and that the duration of protection provided by 4CMenB is uncertain. […] Vaccinated individuals could expect to have some reduction in their own risk of contracting gonorrhoea, however the main benefit of a vaccination programme is expected to be at a community level with a significant reduction in the number of cases overall, it says.

• #3 Meningococcal Vaccine (MPSV4, MCV4): Schedule and Side Effects

  https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/meningococcal-vaccine

  Approved in 2023, PENBRAYA combines the components from two meningococcal vaccines, Trumenba (meningococcal group B vaccine) and Nimenrix(meningococcal groups A, C, W-135, and Y conjugate vaccine) to help protect against the five most common meningococcal serogroups. It’s administered in two doses six months apart and is approved for those aged 10-25 years old. […] The MCV4, MPSV4 and MenB vaccines are about 85-90% effective in preventing meningococcal disease. […] Because the vaccines do not protect against all causes of meningitis, it is still possible that someone could receive the vaccine and still get meningitis from a different strain not protected by the vaccine. But the risk of contracting meningococcal meningitis is significantly lower after the vaccine. […] Although MCV4 is the preferred vaccine for most people, if it is not available when it’s time for the vaccination, MPSV4 can be used.

• #3 Fluctuations in serogroup B meningococcal vaccine antigens prior to routine MenB vaccination in France | Communications Medicine

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-025-00800-2

  Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) of serogroup B is preventable by protein-based vaccines targeting one (Bivalent rLP2086 vaccine) or several variable proteins (4CMenB vaccine) at the bacterial surface. […] The 4CMenB was licensed in Europe in 2013 but has been recommended and reimbursed in France for infants over 2 months old since April 2022. […] Evaluating strain coverage and fluctuations prior to large scale vaccine use is highly informative. […] MenDeVar-predicted coverage fluctuated between 46.8% and 60.6% during the four periods for the 4CMenB and between 63.4% and 81.3% for rLP2086. […] IMD epidemiology is continuously changing with fluctuation in vaccine strain coverage over the 48 years prior to the routine implementation of the vaccines. […] The prediction of strain coverage became a key point in tailoring vaccination strategies.

• #4 Serogroup B Meningococcal (MenB) Vaccines – California Vaccines for Children (VFC)

  https://eziz.org/administration/schedules-recs/serogroup-b-meningococcal-menb-vaccines/

  Two serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccines have been licensed by the Food and Drug Administration. Each vaccine has its own schedule: Bexsero is given as a 2-dose series, with the interval between doses at least 1 month apart. Trumenba is currently recommended as a 3-dose series at 0, 1-2, and 6 months for those at increased risk of MenB disease, 2 doses at least 6 months apart for healthy persons 16 through 23 years of age who are not at increased risk for MenB disease. […] MenB vaccine is recommended routinely for people 10 years or older who are at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal infections, including anyone: At risk during an outbreak of MenB disease, Whose spleen is damaged or has been removed (functional or anatomic asplenia), including those with sickle cell disease, With persistent complement component deficiency, a rare immune system condition, Taking a drug called eculizumab (also called Soliris), Routinely exposed to isolates of N. meningitidis (e.g., microbiologists).

• #4 Meningitis B Vaccine: What Does the Science Say? – Meningitis Centre

  https://meningitis.com.au/meningitis-b-vaccine-what-does-the-science-say-2/

  Meningitis B is a type of meningococcal disease. Meningococcal diseases are a group of illnesses caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, which can be divided into 13 subcategories. Meningitis B is caused by the B subcategory (MenB). […] The meningitis B vaccine is made from proteins found on the outer part of the MenB bacterium. The exact proteins depend on which version of the vaccine you receive. Being exposed to these proteins stimulates your immune system to recognize the bacterium and teaches your body to protect itself from them. […] The CDC recommends the meningitis B vaccine for people 10 years or older who are at an increased risk for meningococcal disease. The CDCs preferred age range for getting the vaccine is between 16 to 18 years old. […] A 2021 study examined Bexsero using data from Quebec, Italy, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and South Australia to determine its safety and effectiveness.

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