Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Multiple Sclerosis Prevention: Research and Risk Factors

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis-prevention

  Researchers dont yet fully understand what causes multiple sclerosis (MS) but believe it may develop from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. […] This 2022 paper indicates that prevention strategies for multiple sclerosis involve not smoking and treating vitamin D deficiencies. […] Though MS cannot be totally prevented, quitting smoking (if you smoke), maintaining moderate body weight, and getting enough vitamin D through diet or sun exposure could help reduce your risk. […] Staying active, minimizing stress levels, and following a healthy, well-rounded diet may also be beneficial. […] At this point in time, there are no cures for MS. There are also no proven ways to prevent getting the disease. There is, however, ongoing MS research on MS and how to prevent it.

• #2 The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4467212/

  Although there are strong genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis, the results of migration studies support a role for the environment, and through rigorous epidemiological investigation, Epstein-Barr virus infection, vitamin D nutrition, and cigarette smoking have been identified as likely causal factors for multiple sclerosis. […] Both vitamin D nutrition and cigarette smoking are modifiable and as such, increasing vitamin D levels and smoking avoidance have the potential to substantially reduce MS risk and influence its progression. […] In MS, there are now three environmental factors that stand out for the strength of the evidence supporting their causal role: infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, low levels of vitamin D, and cigarette smoking. […] The geography of MS correlates strongly not only with age at EBV infection, but also with the duration and intensity of UV radiation from sunlight, which is the primary source of vitamin D in most populations.

• #3 Editorial: Preventing multiple sclerosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9350543/

  Multiple sclerosis (MS) prevention has been identified as a key aim across MS research. Achieving this aim is complex MS is relatively rare, there is a long lag between many identified risk factors and clinical MS development, and many people exposed to these risk factors never develop MS. […] In this Research Topic, we present a group of papers which seek to explore opportunities and challenges around MS prevention, and how some of these may be overcome. […] A greater understanding of both true risk factors, and factors acting on disease progression during the prodromal period has the potential to inform prevention and early disease modification prior to neurological symptom onset. […] One of the environmental factors consistently associated with MS development in epidemiological studies is vitamin D deficiency.

• #4 Editorial: Preventing multiple sclerosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9350543/

  Targeting EBV in order to prevent MS requires an understanding of the most appropriate means to tackle and potentially prevent infection. […] Smoking prevention strategies are well-established in the wider public health literature. […] This highlights the importance of smoking prevention and cessation efforts in terms of MS prevention. […] The collection of articles within this Research Topic demonstrates that for prevention efforts to have clinically meaningful impact, identifying those at highest risk is key. […] This Research Topic therefore demonstrates that there is sufficient evidence to support action to trial interventions to prevent MS, with clearly defined interventions in selected high risk populations being key to success.

• #5 The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4467212/

  Although there are strong genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis, the results of migration studies support a role for the environment, and through rigorous epidemiological investigation, Epstein-Barr virus infection, vitamin D nutrition, and cigarette smoking have been identified as likely causal factors for multiple sclerosis. […] Both vitamin D nutrition and cigarette smoking are modifiable and as such, increasing vitamin D levels and smoking avoidance have the potential to substantially reduce MS risk and influence its progression. […] In MS, there are now three environmental factors that stand out for the strength of the evidence supporting their causal role: infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, low levels of vitamin D, and cigarette smoking. […] The geography of MS correlates strongly not only with age at EBV infection, but also with the duration and intensity of UV radiation from sunlight, which is the primary source of vitamin D in most populations.

• #6 The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4467212/

  Longitudinal studies of supplemental vitamin D intake and pre-onset serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D support a protective effect of vitamin D on MS risk and variants in the CYP27B1 gene (which encode the 1-hydroxylase necessary in vitamin D activation) have been associated with MS risk, further supporting a potential causal role. […] Cigarette smoking has been associated with an increased risk of MS in men and women, and changes in smoking patterns in both sexes may partially explain the increasing female:male sex ratio in MS. […] Vitamin D supplementation and smoking cessation are immediately available interventions that are likely to reduce MS risk and to improve the outcomes of individuals with CIS or MS.

• #7 Family health: Can you help prevent MS?

  https://overcomingms.org/program/family-members-health

  There is a genetic element to MS, which means that children, siblings and other relatives of people with MS are at a greater risk of developing it, too. […] These lifestyle adjustments are likely to help protect relatives of people with MS who do not show signs of MS: Get regular exposure to sunlight, Take daily vitamin D supplements (adjusted for weight of child), Stop smoking, Eat a low-saturated fat diet, Take omega-3 fatty acid supplements, Learn how to handle stress better, for example, through meditation and mindfulness. […] In the US Nurses Health Study, those that took even a low dose of vitamin D had around half the risk of MS, and there are similar data for quitting smoking. […] Overcoming MS believes doctors must advise people with MS of these important avenues to protect children and other relatives.

• #8 Multiple Sclerosis Genes, Epidemiology & Prevention – SelfDecode Health

  https://health.selfdecode.com/blog/multiple-sclerosis-genes-epidemiology-prevention/

  Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease with many contributing factors that are not fully understood. There isnt a known way to prevent MS, but some environmental risk factors can be controlled. Despite the promising preliminary research, more studies are needed before drawing conclusions. […] Adequate intake of vitamin D during childhood and adolescence may reduce the risk for multiple sclerosis later in life. […] Higher vitamin D blood levels may be protective against developing multiple sclerosis (MS), according to some researchers. In one study on women, each 10 nmol/L increase in blood vitamin levels was associated with a 20% decreased the risk of multiple sclerosis. […] Also, higher vitamin D levels were associated with a reduced worsening and recurrence of multiple sclerosis symptoms. In a study, each 10 nmol/l increase resulted in up to a 12% reduction in recurrence.

• #9 Multiple Sclerosis Genes, Epidemiology & Prevention – SelfDecode Health

  https://health.selfdecode.com/blog/multiple-sclerosis-genes-epidemiology-prevention/

  According to another study, optimal blood concentrations of this vitamin may reduce disease-related complications (including increased bone degradation, fractures, and muscle weakness). […] UV radiation from moderate sun exposure appears to have protective effects against MS, too. […] One group of researchers found that increased sun exposure during ages 6 15 years was associated with a decreased risk of multiple sclerosis. Similarly, outdoor activities were associated with a reduced multiple sclerosis risk. […] Cigarette smoking not only increases the risks of MS but also accelerates the progression from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive MS. […] Therefore, smoking cessation is a crucial step towards lowering the MS risk.

• #10 Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Management, Treatment of Acute Relapses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146199-treatment

  Preliminary evidence suggests that persons with high circulating levels of vitamin D are at lower risk of MS; thus, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of developing MS and of conversion from a first clinical event suggestive of MS to clinically definite MS. Vitamin D may also reduce the relapse rate among patients with relapsing-remitting MS. […] For healthy individuals, serum vitamin D concentrations of 50-125 nmol/L (20-50 ng/mL) are generally considered adequate for bone and overall health, according to the Institute of Medicine. […] Serum vitamin D concentrations of 75-100 nmol/L (30-40 ng/mL) have been proposed as optimal for patients with MS. […] Achieving these levels may require the use of supplemental vitamin D in doses up to 3000 IU daily; maintaining these levels appears to require doses of 500 to 800 IU daily.

• #11 Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Management, Treatment of Acute Relapses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146199-treatment

  Preliminary evidence suggests that persons with high circulating levels of vitamin D are at lower risk of MS; thus, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of developing MS and of conversion from a first clinical event suggestive of MS to clinically definite MS. Vitamin D may also reduce the relapse rate among patients with relapsing-remitting MS. […] For healthy individuals, serum vitamin D concentrations of 50-125 nmol/L (20-50 ng/mL) are generally considered adequate for bone and overall health, according to the Institute of Medicine. […] Serum vitamin D concentrations of 75-100 nmol/L (30-40 ng/mL) have been proposed as optimal for patients with MS. […] Achieving these levels may require the use of supplemental vitamin D in doses up to 3000 IU daily; maintaining these levels appears to require doses of 500 to 800 IU daily.

• #12 Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Management, Treatment of Acute Relapses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146199-treatment

  The safety and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation among patients with MS remains unclear, however. […] Early treatment with immunomodulatory drugs has been associated with decreased disability progression and lower secondary relapse rates. Patients with MS must understand, however, that current immunomodulatory drugs are not curative.

• #13 Can You Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/multiple-sclerosis/multiple-sclerosis-prevention/

  There is evidence that the risk of MS is higher in former or current smokers, says Harrington. […] A meta-analysis of research estimated the risk of MS was increased by 50 percent in ever smokers (versus never-smokers). […] Although we cant go back in time and change our past weight or diet, there is evidence that childhood obesity is a risk factor for MS, says Harrington. […] Its not yet clear how, exactly, these associations work. But researchers note this study supports the possibility that microbial manipulation and dietary intervention could be used as preventive and therapeutic strategies in MS.

• #14 The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4467212/

  Longitudinal studies of supplemental vitamin D intake and pre-onset serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D support a protective effect of vitamin D on MS risk and variants in the CYP27B1 gene (which encode the 1-hydroxylase necessary in vitamin D activation) have been associated with MS risk, further supporting a potential causal role. […] Cigarette smoking has been associated with an increased risk of MS in men and women, and changes in smoking patterns in both sexes may partially explain the increasing female:male sex ratio in MS. […] Vitamin D supplementation and smoking cessation are immediately available interventions that are likely to reduce MS risk and to improve the outcomes of individuals with CIS or MS.

• #15 Multiple Sclerosis Genes, Epidemiology & Prevention – SelfDecode Health

  https://health.selfdecode.com/blog/multiple-sclerosis-genes-epidemiology-prevention/

  According to another study, optimal blood concentrations of this vitamin may reduce disease-related complications (including increased bone degradation, fractures, and muscle weakness). […] UV radiation from moderate sun exposure appears to have protective effects against MS, too. […] One group of researchers found that increased sun exposure during ages 6 15 years was associated with a decreased risk of multiple sclerosis. Similarly, outdoor activities were associated with a reduced multiple sclerosis risk. […] Cigarette smoking not only increases the risks of MS but also accelerates the progression from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive MS. […] Therefore, smoking cessation is a crucial step towards lowering the MS risk.

• #16 How to Decrease Your Children’s Risk for Multiple Sclerosis If You Have Multiple Sclerosis – Multiple Sclerosis Centers of Excellence

  https://www.va.gov/MS/Veterans/about_MS/How_to_Decrease_Your_Children_s_Risk_for_MS_If_You_Have_Multiple_Sclerosis.asp

  While we cannot change someones genetic risk for developing MS, there are several environmental factors within somebodys control that may lower their risk for MS. These factors may be important to discuss with your children if you have MS. […] Smoking is not only linked to more severe MS and a faster decline in disability, it has also been shown to increase a persons risk of getting MS in the first place. Avoiding smoking is one of the best things someone could do to prevent MS. The good news for current smokers with MS is that stopping smoking is also linked with slowing down disability progression. […] Low vitamin D levels may also play a role in increasing someones risk for developing MS. Sun exposure is a natural source of vitamin D, and decreased exposure to the sun may help explain why more people who live in northern regions have MS compared to people who live closer to the equator.

• #17 How to Decrease Your Children’s Risk for Multiple Sclerosis If You Have Multiple Sclerosis – Multiple Sclerosis Centers of Excellence

  https://www.va.gov/MS/Veterans/about_MS/How_to_Decrease_Your_Children_s_Risk_for_MS_If_You_Have_Multiple_Sclerosis.asp

  Some studies have shown that children born in an area with high rates of MS who then move, before age 15, to an area with low rates of MS adopt the risk of their new location. This suggests that early life environmental factors may play an important role in someones later life risk for developing MS. While these factors may include vitamin D levels, more studies are needed in these areas. […] Obesity in childhood and adolescence, especially in girls, is associated with increased risk of getting MS later in life. Since obesity is often preventable and treatable, its important to discuss this with children who may already be more likely to get MS to possibly lower their risk of getting MS. […] In summary, while you may not be able to change your childrens genetic risk for getting MS, its important to know that avoiding smoking and obesity and getting enough vitamin D may help reduce their risk for developing multiple sclerosis later in life.

• #18 What Is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/multiple-sclerosis/guide/

  As of yet, theres no surefire way to prevent multiple sclerosis, in large part because the cause of the disease is not yet fully understood. But there are some healthy behaviors that can reduce an individuals risk of MS. […] Adequate vitamin D from sunlight, food, and supplements is one way to potentially lower your risk of MS. A study published in January 2022 in Neurology found that growing up in a sunny area and having a high amount of sun exposure in the summer was associated with a lower risk of developing MS in childhood. […] Not smoking is another strategy that may lower MS risk. Smokers and people exposed to secondhand smoke are known to have an increased risk of MS, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. […] Maintaining a healthy weight, particularly in childhood, may also lower a persons MS risk. A study published in May 2019 in JAMA Neurology found that obesity in children is associated with increased risk of pediatric MS. In addition, the children who were obese responded less well to first-line MS medication than those who were not.

• #19 Multiple sclerosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350274

  So people who are overweight have a higher chance of developing MS and people who have MS who are overweight tend to have more active disease and a faster onset of progression. The main diet has been shown to be neuroprotective is the Mediterranean diet. This diet is high in fish, vegetables, and nuts, and low in red meat. […] Exercise is strongly recommended and is protective to the brain and spinal cord. […] Research suggests that following the Mediterranean diet may be linked to a lower risk of worsening disability in MS. The Mediterranean diet includes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil. It also means not eating large amounts of red meats, butter, sugar and other unhealthy foods. Some research suggests that vitamin D may have potential benefit for people with MS. […] Daily intake of vitamin D3 of 2,000 to 5,000 international units daily is recommended in people with MS. The connection between vitamin D and MS is supported by the association with exposure to sunlight and the risk of MS.

• #20 Can You Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-you-prevent-multiple-sclerosis-5207758

  It has been suggested that smoking cigarettes and obesity are risk factors related to MS because of the way they affect the collection of living organisms in the gut that help keep the digestive system healthy (gut microbiome). […] There is strong evidence in support of previous infections increasing a person’s risk of developing MS. One viral infection, known as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has been identified as raising a person’s risk of getting MS. […] However, making some changes to your lifestyle can help reduce your risk of developing MS. For example, making sure that you get enough vitamin D in your diet and quitting smoking. […] Preventing this virus is one of the most important factors in MS prevention.

• #21 Can You Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-you-prevent-multiple-sclerosis-5207758

  There is no surefire way to prevent multiple sclerosis (MS). […] However, there are several modifiable risk factors that are associated with the onset of the disease, such as smoking, low vitamin D levels, and even where you live. […] Research has shown that when a person has continuously low levels of vitamin D in their blood, they are more likely to develop MS than people of have adequate amounts of the vitamin. […] That’s why it’s important to get enough vitamin D in your diet or take a supplement if necessary. […] Certain lifestyle factors are associated with the onset of MS such as smoking cigarettes and obesity. Smoking has been shown to increase a persons risk for developing MS by as much as 50%. […] A lack of physical exercise can play a role in the onset of MS. Aerobic exercise, specifically, has been shown to reduce a person’s risk of developing MS by 31%.

• #22 How to prevent multiple sclerosis: read more here

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/how-to-prevent-multiple-sclerosis/

  An innovative approach to preventing MS is a plan for a healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity strengthens the immune system and enhances blood circulation. It prevents the inflammatory processes characteristic of MS. Additionally, a balanced diet can help reduce the risk of nerve tissue inflammation. […] Regarding how to prevent multiple sclerosis, doctors often recommend consuming enough vitamins, avoiding stress, and not drinking alcohol. Other recommendations depend on how advanced your disease is. Thus, doctors select treatment and prevention individually for each person with MS. […] You can take some steps to reduce your risk of developing this disease. Doctors usually prescribe them individually. But despite this, there are also general recommendations. They refer to all patients who want to know how to stop MS: Healthy lifestyle. Regular medical examination. A balanced diet.

• #23 Multiple sclerosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350274

  So people who are overweight have a higher chance of developing MS and people who have MS who are overweight tend to have more active disease and a faster onset of progression. The main diet has been shown to be neuroprotective is the Mediterranean diet. This diet is high in fish, vegetables, and nuts, and low in red meat. […] Exercise is strongly recommended and is protective to the brain and spinal cord. […] Research suggests that following the Mediterranean diet may be linked to a lower risk of worsening disability in MS. The Mediterranean diet includes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil. It also means not eating large amounts of red meats, butter, sugar and other unhealthy foods. Some research suggests that vitamin D may have potential benefit for people with MS. […] Daily intake of vitamin D3 of 2,000 to 5,000 international units daily is recommended in people with MS. The connection between vitamin D and MS is supported by the association with exposure to sunlight and the risk of MS.

• #24 8 Tips for Managing Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/daily-tips-managing-ms

  Gentle movements, temperature regulation, home adaptations, brain exercises, and a nutrient-dense diet may help you manage some symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Self-care strategies like following a well-balanced diet and getting regular physical activity may help reduce the impact MS symptoms have. […] A balanced diet may help your body function better so you can manage MS more effectively. […] Before making any significant changes to your eating habits, you may want to discuss these with your healthcare professional. […] Your healthcare professional may also recommend supplements and other natural remedies like vitamin D, biotin, and Omega-3. It is important that you do not start any of these without first consulting with a doctor or another healthcare professional. […] Coping with MS can be challenging, but there are treatment options available to help manage symptoms and provide relief.

• #25 Can You Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-you-prevent-multiple-sclerosis-5207758

  It has been suggested that smoking cigarettes and obesity are risk factors related to MS because of the way they affect the collection of living organisms in the gut that help keep the digestive system healthy (gut microbiome). […] There is strong evidence in support of previous infections increasing a person’s risk of developing MS. One viral infection, known as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has been identified as raising a person’s risk of getting MS. […] However, making some changes to your lifestyle can help reduce your risk of developing MS. For example, making sure that you get enough vitamin D in your diet and quitting smoking. […] Preventing this virus is one of the most important factors in MS prevention.

• #26 Can You Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-you-prevent-multiple-sclerosis-5207758

  It has been suggested that smoking cigarettes and obesity are risk factors related to MS because of the way they affect the collection of living organisms in the gut that help keep the digestive system healthy (gut microbiome). […] There is strong evidence in support of previous infections increasing a person’s risk of developing MS. One viral infection, known as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has been identified as raising a person’s risk of getting MS. […] However, making some changes to your lifestyle can help reduce your risk of developing MS. For example, making sure that you get enough vitamin D in your diet and quitting smoking. […] Preventing this virus is one of the most important factors in MS prevention.

• #27 Multiple sclerosis primary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Multiple_sclerosis_primary_prevention

  Effective measures for the primary prevention of multiple sclerosis include: Vitamin D supplement, smoking cessation, and early exposure to infections. […] Effective measures for the primary prevention of multiple sclerosis include: […] Vitamin D supplement: There is some evidence demonstrating that 1000 to 4000 IU vitamin D supplement daily can reduce the incidence of multiple sclerosis. […] Smoking cessation: Smoking cessation proved to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of MS disease. […] Early exposure to infections: EBV infection in childhood is not a severe disease, but in adults, it can presents as infectious mononucleosis. The similarity between the prevalence of infectious mononucleosis and MS point out that infection with this virus in childhood can reduce the risk of MS in comparison with adulthood infection.

• #28 Positive Impact of Antiviral Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/positive-impact-of-antiviral-therapy-in-multiple-sclerosis

  A recently published case report of a patient with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS) who was also HIV positive showed that treatment with antiretrovirals (ART) containing tenofovir resulted in suppression of MS disease activity. Overall, these results suggest that the use of a potent inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication like tenofovir may be a potentially beneficial treatment option for MS. […] „Tenofovir has excellent safety and tolerability profile and is also used as a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in high-risk individuals to prevent HIV infection, making it a particularly strong candidate as a drug for primary prevention of virally acquired diseases,” lead author ivind Torkildsen, MD, PhD, professor in the Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Bergen, and colleagues, wrote.

• #29 Positive Impact of Antiviral Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/positive-impact-of-antiviral-therapy-in-multiple-sclerosis

  A recently published case report of a patient with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS) who was also HIV positive showed that treatment with antiretrovirals (ART) containing tenofovir resulted in suppression of MS disease activity. Overall, these results suggest that the use of a potent inhibitor of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication like tenofovir may be a potentially beneficial treatment option for MS. […] „Tenofovir has excellent safety and tolerability profile and is also used as a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in high-risk individuals to prevent HIV infection, making it a particularly strong candidate as a drug for primary prevention of virally acquired diseases,” lead author ivind Torkildsen, MD, PhD, professor in the Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Bergen, and colleagues, wrote.

• #30 Positive Impact of Antiviral Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://www.contagionlive.com/view/positive-impact-of-antiviral-therapy-in-multiple-sclerosis

  „Since TAF and TDF mainly prevent the lytic reactivation of EBV, this could indicate that lytic reactivation is the primary driver of the disease process in MS.” […] Currently there is 1 study on TDF (NCT05957913) and 1 study on TAF (EUCT number: 2023503,8146200) that are being performed in patients with MS, where the main goal is to determine the effect on EBV shedding.

• #31 Multiple sclerosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350274

  So people who are overweight have a higher chance of developing MS and people who have MS who are overweight tend to have more active disease and a faster onset of progression. The main diet has been shown to be neuroprotective is the Mediterranean diet. This diet is high in fish, vegetables, and nuts, and low in red meat. […] Exercise is strongly recommended and is protective to the brain and spinal cord. […] Research suggests that following the Mediterranean diet may be linked to a lower risk of worsening disability in MS. The Mediterranean diet includes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil. It also means not eating large amounts of red meats, butter, sugar and other unhealthy foods. Some research suggests that vitamin D may have potential benefit for people with MS. […] Daily intake of vitamin D3 of 2,000 to 5,000 international units daily is recommended in people with MS. The connection between vitamin D and MS is supported by the association with exposure to sunlight and the risk of MS.

• #32 Multiple sclerosis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350274

  So people who are overweight have a higher chance of developing MS and people who have MS who are overweight tend to have more active disease and a faster onset of progression. The main diet has been shown to be neuroprotective is the Mediterranean diet. This diet is high in fish, vegetables, and nuts, and low in red meat. […] Exercise is strongly recommended and is protective to the brain and spinal cord. […] Research suggests that following the Mediterranean diet may be linked to a lower risk of worsening disability in MS. The Mediterranean diet includes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil. It also means not eating large amounts of red meats, butter, sugar and other unhealthy foods. Some research suggests that vitamin D may have potential benefit for people with MS. […] Daily intake of vitamin D3 of 2,000 to 5,000 international units daily is recommended in people with MS. The connection between vitamin D and MS is supported by the association with exposure to sunlight and the risk of MS.

• #33 Dietary Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis — Research Suggests Diet May Have a Role in Its Prevention and Symptom Management

  https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/050112p44.shtml

  This continuing education activity will review the research on the role of diet in the prevention and management of MS symptoms and provide practical applications of the findings that nutrition professionals can use when counseling patients. […] The evidence for an association between the types and amounts of fats in the diet and the risk of developing MS and the degree and frequency of flare-ups is intriguing but not conclusive. General dietary recommendations to decrease saturated fat and increase omega-3 intake may benefit those with MS, but there are no specific therapeutic guidelines for supplementation. A diet low in saturated fat and rich in omega-3s, recommended as a beneficial diet for everyone, may be helpful for MS patients. […] The 2008 WHO report found that exposure to sunlight and diet affected the geographical distribution of MS, suggesting that vitamin D may play a role in MS risk.6 Some studies have found that low vitamin D levels may increase the risk of developing MS, and several studies have suggested that patients with MS with low levels of vitamin D are at increased risk of relapses, new lesions, and disability.18 Overall, however, studies conducted to evaluate the association between vitamin D and MS have yielded inconsistent findings.

• #34 Family health: Can you help prevent MS?

  https://overcomingms.org/program/family-members-health

  Vitamin D supplementation should be routine in pregnancy, as folic acid is. […] While the evidence around whether dietary changes reduce the risk of family members developing MS is limited, it may make sense for you to strongly consider a healthier diet anyway. […] It is known that following a healthier diet with more fruits, vegetables and whole foods and less animal products, processed foods and saturated fat is important in preventing many other chronic health issues such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. […] Also, if you are living with a family member who has MS, they need to be following a plant-based diet that is low in saturated fat.

• #35 How to prevent multiple sclerosis: read more here

  https://lonestarneurology.net/blog/how-to-prevent-multiple-sclerosis/

  Such pieces of advice are for easing symptoms, slowing down the progression of the illness, and improving the patients quality of life. […] Playing sports is important not only for illnesses but also for human life in general. But if you have MS, then sports are a necessity for you. By exercising, a person with MS strengthens their body and improves coordination. Training helps increase muscle strength and flexibility. […] To know how to prevent multiple sclerosis, you should first know what habits you should avoid. And the most important rule is to forget about smoking and drinking alcohol. These bad habits can significantly worsen the symptoms of the disease. […] Sufficient water consumption has a significant impact on the quality of human life. For the nervous system to function well, it is important to drink enough water daily.

• #36 Multiple sclerosis tertiary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Multiple_sclerosis_tertiary_prevention

  There is strong evidence that exercise therapy can improve muscle function and mobility in multiple sclerosis patients. […] The drugs which are used to treat MS can reduce the progression of the disease and delay disability occurrence, but cannot stop the disease. […] Disabilities appear so controlling them can be beneficial in increasing MS patients quality of life. […] For controlling tremor and ataxia, orthotic devices can be very helpful.

• #37 8 Tips for Managing Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

  https://www.healthline.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/daily-tips-managing-ms

  Gentle movements, temperature regulation, home adaptations, brain exercises, and a nutrient-dense diet may help you manage some symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Self-care strategies like following a well-balanced diet and getting regular physical activity may help reduce the impact MS symptoms have. […] A balanced diet may help your body function better so you can manage MS more effectively. […] Before making any significant changes to your eating habits, you may want to discuss these with your healthcare professional. […] Your healthcare professional may also recommend supplements and other natural remedies like vitamin D, biotin, and Omega-3. It is important that you do not start any of these without first consulting with a doctor or another healthcare professional. […] Coping with MS can be challenging, but there are treatment options available to help manage symptoms and provide relief.

• #38 Multiple Sclerosis Basics II: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention – Medical Channel Asia

  https://medicalchannelasia.com/multiple-sclerosis-diagnosis-treatment-prevention/

  Are there any ways to prevent multiple sclerosis? There are no proven ways to prevent multiple sclerosis. However, studies have shown that higher vitamin D intake may prevent MS. A daily intake of vitamin D3 of 600 international units is recommended for adults below 70 years old. […] MS symptoms often worsen when the body temperature rises. Heat sensitivity in MS is associated with the negative effects of higher temperature on saltatory conduction. This is a process where electrical signals travel faster in nerve cells that are insulated with myelin, and results in conduction slowing or blockage. Avoiding exposure to heat and using devices such as cooling scarves may help. If you have mild to moderate MS, regular exercise can help improve your strength and coordination. Swimming, yoga, low-impact aerobics are all excellent options.

• #39

  https://msfocus.org/Magazine/Magazine-Items/Posted/Fall-Prevention-Tips-for-MS

  I finally made the decision to see a podiatrist about my foot problem. […] The podiatrist explained the balance brace is for preventative measures and that my symptoms do warrant an assistive device. […] Tips for Fall Prevention: 1. Talk to a podiatrist about the foot and ankle issues that you have experienced and discuss AFOs, orthotics or other options to ensure foot and ankle stability. 2. Ask your neurologist, podiatrist, or other doctor about assistive devices for balance and walking. There are many options that can help you maintain your balance and improve your walking ability. Talk to your medical team to see what might work best for you. 3. Get an evaluation by a physical therapist to diagnose any gait (walking) disorders and learn about exercises and other interventions that can help improve your walking and decrease your fall risk. 4. Start an exercise routine for balance improvement. Walking, yoga, Pilates, tai chi and other low-impact exercises can help you work on your balance. Before starting any exercise routine, consult with your neurologist to ensure it is safe for you to begin exercising. 5. Fall proof your living environment: […] 6. Ensure that there are secure railings on steps going into your dwelling or any stairs inside your dwelling. […] 8. Dont be afraid to ask for help.

• #40

  https://msfocus.org/Magazine/Magazine-Items/Posted/Fall-Prevention-Tips-for-MS

  I finally made the decision to see a podiatrist about my foot problem. […] The podiatrist explained the balance brace is for preventative measures and that my symptoms do warrant an assistive device. […] Tips for Fall Prevention: 1. Talk to a podiatrist about the foot and ankle issues that you have experienced and discuss AFOs, orthotics or other options to ensure foot and ankle stability. 2. Ask your neurologist, podiatrist, or other doctor about assistive devices for balance and walking. There are many options that can help you maintain your balance and improve your walking ability. Talk to your medical team to see what might work best for you. 3. Get an evaluation by a physical therapist to diagnose any gait (walking) disorders and learn about exercises and other interventions that can help improve your walking and decrease your fall risk. 4. Start an exercise routine for balance improvement. Walking, yoga, Pilates, tai chi and other low-impact exercises can help you work on your balance. Before starting any exercise routine, consult with your neurologist to ensure it is safe for you to begin exercising. 5. Fall proof your living environment: […] 6. Ensure that there are secure railings on steps going into your dwelling or any stairs inside your dwelling. […] 8. Dont be afraid to ask for help.

• #41 Managing Multiple Sclerosis | MyShepherdConnection

  https://myshepherdconnection.org/conditions/ms/managing-ms/

  Safety is a very important consideration for people living with a multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Vaccines are an integral part of preventing bacterial and viral infections. Please contact your neurologist about current vaccine recommendations for people with MS.

• #42

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11910-021-01117-y

  The newer, higher-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) orals and monoclonals have more profound immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties than the older, injectable therapies and require risk mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of serious infections. […] We classify risk mitigation strategies according to the following framework: (1) screening and patient selection, (2) vaccinations, (3) antibiotic prophylaxis, (4) laboratory and MRI monitoring, (5) adjusting dose and frequency of DMT, and (6) behavioral modifications to limit the risk of infection. […] We offer a practical, comprehensive, DMT-specific framework of derisking strategies designed to minimize the risk of infections associated with the newer MS therapies.

• #43

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11910-021-01117-y

  The newer, higher-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) orals and monoclonals have more profound immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties than the older, injectable therapies and require risk mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of serious infections. […] We classify risk mitigation strategies according to the following framework: (1) screening and patient selection, (2) vaccinations, (3) antibiotic prophylaxis, (4) laboratory and MRI monitoring, (5) adjusting dose and frequency of DMT, and (6) behavioral modifications to limit the risk of infection. […] We offer a practical, comprehensive, DMT-specific framework of derisking strategies designed to minimize the risk of infections associated with the newer MS therapies.

• #44 Family health: Can you help prevent MS?

  https://overcomingms.org/program/family-members-health

  There is a genetic element to MS, which means that children, siblings and other relatives of people with MS are at a greater risk of developing it, too. […] These lifestyle adjustments are likely to help protect relatives of people with MS who do not show signs of MS: Get regular exposure to sunlight, Take daily vitamin D supplements (adjusted for weight of child), Stop smoking, Eat a low-saturated fat diet, Take omega-3 fatty acid supplements, Learn how to handle stress better, for example, through meditation and mindfulness. […] In the US Nurses Health Study, those that took even a low dose of vitamin D had around half the risk of MS, and there are similar data for quitting smoking. […] Overcoming MS believes doctors must advise people with MS of these important avenues to protect children and other relatives.

• #45 Family health: Can you help prevent MS?

  https://overcomingms.org/program/family-members-health

  There is a genetic element to MS, which means that children, siblings and other relatives of people with MS are at a greater risk of developing it, too. […] These lifestyle adjustments are likely to help protect relatives of people with MS who do not show signs of MS: Get regular exposure to sunlight, Take daily vitamin D supplements (adjusted for weight of child), Stop smoking, Eat a low-saturated fat diet, Take omega-3 fatty acid supplements, Learn how to handle stress better, for example, through meditation and mindfulness. […] In the US Nurses Health Study, those that took even a low dose of vitamin D had around half the risk of MS, and there are similar data for quitting smoking. […] Overcoming MS believes doctors must advise people with MS of these important avenues to protect children and other relatives.

• #46 Family health: Can you help prevent MS?

  https://overcomingms.org/program/family-members-health

  Vitamin D supplementation should be routine in pregnancy, as folic acid is. […] While the evidence around whether dietary changes reduce the risk of family members developing MS is limited, it may make sense for you to strongly consider a healthier diet anyway. […] It is known that following a healthier diet with more fruits, vegetables and whole foods and less animal products, processed foods and saturated fat is important in preventing many other chronic health issues such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. […] Also, if you are living with a family member who has MS, they need to be following a plant-based diet that is low in saturated fat.

• #47 How Can You Prevent Multiple Sclerosis? | Plexus

  https://plexusnc.com/how-can-you-prevent-multiple-sclerosis/

  How to prevent Multiple Sclerosis Close relatives of Multiple Sclerosis patients are likely to have questions about how to prevent MS. There is currently no guaranteed treatment that can guard against Multiple Sclerosis. However, there are several lifestyle modifications that can reduce ones risk of getting it. These include: […] Getting adequate vitamin D: Vitamin D is a vital contributor to healthy immune system functioning. Studies have shown that people can halve their risk of getting Multiple Sclerosis just by getting some daily sunlight. Doctors recommend that adults, particularly immediate relatives of those with MS, get around 5000 IU of vitamin D3 per day. They can also take vitamin D supplements, as can children. Pregnant women should take vitamin D3 supplements regularly. […] Eating a diet low in saturated fat: Doctors recommend that Multiple Sclerosis patients eat a mostly plant-based diet that is low in saturated fat. While there is no strong evidence that following the same diet is effective for MS prevention in relatives of patients, it can certainly help prevent multiple chronic conditions and boost overall health.

• #48 How to Decrease Your Children’s Risk for Multiple Sclerosis If You Have Multiple Sclerosis – Multiple Sclerosis Centers of Excellence

  https://www.va.gov/MS/Veterans/about_MS/How_to_Decrease_Your_Children_s_Risk_for_MS_If_You_Have_Multiple_Sclerosis.asp

  How to Decrease Your Childrens Risk for Multiple Sclerosis If You Have Multiple Sclerosis […] Based on what we know so far, MS is not an inherited disease. This means that its not passed down from parents to children. However, the genetic factors that contribute to MS are complex. If you have MS, your children may be more likely to develop MS later in life compared to a child whose parents do not have MS. […] In general, a persons risk of developing MS is about 1 in 750-1,000. In identical twins, if one twin has MS, then the identical twins risk of developing MS increases to 1 in 4, which is significantly higher than that of the general population. In first degree relatives e.g. the children, siblings, or parents of someone with MS, the risk of developing MS is higher than that for the general population. One study estimated this risk to be 1 in 35, which is still much lower than the risk for identical twins.

• #49 The importance of the prodromal stage in Multiple Sclerosis prevention – Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health | DMCBH

  https://www.centreforbrainhealth.ca/news/the-importance-of-the-prodromal-stage-in-multiple-sclerosis-prevention/

  Based on previous work by Dr. Helen Tremlett, there is emerging evidence that a prodromal stage exists in multiple sclerosis (MS), which raises the possibility of intervention at this early stage to delay or prevent the development of classical MS. […] If high risk individuals in the early stages of MS can be identified with a high degree of certainty, there is an opportunity to intervene and minimize the risk of progressing to typical MS symptoms and a diagnosis of MS. […] Several steps are needed to develop validated criteria that enable better identification of those in the early stage of disease with a high degree of certainty and those with a high probability of progressing to definite disease. […] The need for sustained long-term commitments to multiple studies and clinical trials is crucial to developing standardized criteria and potential treatments. […] Achieving these milestones and establishing a framework for the early stages of MS will enable us to better recognize, better diagnose and better treat MS.

• #50 The importance of the prodromal stage in Multiple Sclerosis prevention – Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health | DMCBH

  https://www.centreforbrainhealth.ca/news/the-importance-of-the-prodromal-stage-in-multiple-sclerosis-prevention/

  Based on previous work by Dr. Helen Tremlett, there is emerging evidence that a prodromal stage exists in multiple sclerosis (MS), which raises the possibility of intervention at this early stage to delay or prevent the development of classical MS. […] If high risk individuals in the early stages of MS can be identified with a high degree of certainty, there is an opportunity to intervene and minimize the risk of progressing to typical MS symptoms and a diagnosis of MS. […] Several steps are needed to develop validated criteria that enable better identification of those in the early stage of disease with a high degree of certainty and those with a high probability of progressing to definite disease. […] The need for sustained long-term commitments to multiple studies and clinical trials is crucial to developing standardized criteria and potential treatments. […] Achieving these milestones and establishing a framework for the early stages of MS will enable us to better recognize, better diagnose and better treat MS.

• #51 The importance of the prodromal stage in Multiple Sclerosis prevention – Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health | DMCBH

  https://www.centreforbrainhealth.ca/news/the-importance-of-the-prodromal-stage-in-multiple-sclerosis-prevention/

  Based on previous work by Dr. Helen Tremlett, there is emerging evidence that a prodromal stage exists in multiple sclerosis (MS), which raises the possibility of intervention at this early stage to delay or prevent the development of classical MS. […] If high risk individuals in the early stages of MS can be identified with a high degree of certainty, there is an opportunity to intervene and minimize the risk of progressing to typical MS symptoms and a diagnosis of MS. […] Several steps are needed to develop validated criteria that enable better identification of those in the early stage of disease with a high degree of certainty and those with a high probability of progressing to definite disease. […] The need for sustained long-term commitments to multiple studies and clinical trials is crucial to developing standardized criteria and potential treatments. […] Achieving these milestones and establishing a framework for the early stages of MS will enable us to better recognize, better diagnose and better treat MS.

• #52 From the prodromal stage of multiple sclerosis to disease prevention | Nature Reviews Neurology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41582-022-00686-x

  Emerging evidence supports the existence of a prodromal stage in multiple sclerosis (MS) as established in other neurological and immune-mediated diseases. […] Clear research directions are needed to develop standardized criteria for prodromal MS, which will enable the identification of individuals who are at high risk of developing classical MS and who might benefit from intervention. […] The prodromal stage of MS needs to be fully characterized through prospective studies that focus on informative populations such as people with radiologically isolated syndrome or first-degree relatives with MS. […] Identification and validation of clinical, genetic, imaging and fluid biomarkers of prodromal MS in diverse populations are needed.

• #53 Ending Multiple Sclerosis Forever | National MS SocietyNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoOpen search

  https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/ms-research/pathways-to-cures/end-ms-forever

  Ending multiple sclerosis means preventing MS altogether. It means no one will ever again have to hear the words, “You have MS.” […] Researchers on the End Pathway seek to eliminate everyone’s exposure to known risk factors. Among them are: metabolic factors such as being overweight in adolescence, low levels of vitamin D, pollutants such as cigarette smoke, and exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). […] Researchers want to find ways to prevent MS for people at higher risk of getting MS in the earliest stages. In addition to addressing the modifiable risk factors above, they are also looking at genetic factors. Higher-risk groups include first-degree relatives of those with MS. These are: parents, siblings, and children. Researchers are looking for ways to identify MS in this group before they have any symptoms. That way, they can receive treatment and never develop MS in the first place. […] For most people, the goal of the End pathway is to limit exposure to known risk factors. […] If we can identify MS before symptoms appear, we can prevent them from ever developing.

• #54 Ending Multiple Sclerosis Forever | National MS SocietyNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoOpen search

  https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/ms-research/pathways-to-cures/end-ms-forever

  Ending multiple sclerosis means preventing MS altogether. It means no one will ever again have to hear the words, “You have MS.” […] Researchers on the End Pathway seek to eliminate everyone’s exposure to known risk factors. Among them are: metabolic factors such as being overweight in adolescence, low levels of vitamin D, pollutants such as cigarette smoke, and exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). […] Researchers want to find ways to prevent MS for people at higher risk of getting MS in the earliest stages. In addition to addressing the modifiable risk factors above, they are also looking at genetic factors. Higher-risk groups include first-degree relatives of those with MS. These are: parents, siblings, and children. Researchers are looking for ways to identify MS in this group before they have any symptoms. That way, they can receive treatment and never develop MS in the first place. […] For most people, the goal of the End pathway is to limit exposure to known risk factors. […] If we can identify MS before symptoms appear, we can prevent them from ever developing.

• #55 Ending Multiple Sclerosis Forever | National MS SocietyNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoNational Multiple Sclerosis Society LogoOpen search

  https://www.nationalmssociety.org/understanding-ms/ms-research/pathways-to-cures/end-ms-forever

  Ending multiple sclerosis means preventing MS altogether. It means no one will ever again have to hear the words, “You have MS.” […] Researchers on the End Pathway seek to eliminate everyone’s exposure to known risk factors. Among them are: metabolic factors such as being overweight in adolescence, low levels of vitamin D, pollutants such as cigarette smoke, and exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). […] Researchers want to find ways to prevent MS for people at higher risk of getting MS in the earliest stages. In addition to addressing the modifiable risk factors above, they are also looking at genetic factors. Higher-risk groups include first-degree relatives of those with MS. These are: parents, siblings, and children. Researchers are looking for ways to identify MS in this group before they have any symptoms. That way, they can receive treatment and never develop MS in the first place. […] For most people, the goal of the End pathway is to limit exposure to known risk factors. […] If we can identify MS before symptoms appear, we can prevent them from ever developing.

• #56 Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Emergency Department Management, Treatment of Acute Relapses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1146199-treatment

  The safety and effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation among patients with MS remains unclear, however. […] Early treatment with immunomodulatory drugs has been associated with decreased disability progression and lower secondary relapse rates. Patients with MS must understand, however, that current immunomodulatory drugs are not curative.

• #57 Multiple Sclerosis (MS): What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17248-multiple-sclerosis

  There isnt a known way to prevent MS. […] Disease-modifying therapies are the most effective way to reduce the number of flare-ups (also called relapses or attacks) you experience. […] Leading a healthy lifestyle is also important. The choices you make can help slow disease progression. Your provider may recommend the following to stay healthy: Eating nutritious meals, Getting enough sleep, Participating in physical activities regularly, Not using tobacco products.

• #58 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Flare-Up: Treatment and Prevention

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/multiple-sclerosis/ms-flare-up

  Taking your MS medications as prescribed is important to prevent flare-ups. Additionally, caring for yourself and avoiding things known to cause your flares is also important. This may look like: […] Evidence of how diet plays a role in managing MS is limited. However, some studies indicate that following the Mediterranean diet, Paleolithic (Paleo) diet, or McDougall diet may benefit people with MS. […] Contact your doctor about disease-modifying therapies for MS. These medications can help reduce the frequency of flares.

• #59 How to Manage Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Relapses > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/how-to-manage-multiple-sclerosis-ms-relapses

  Yale MS expert says a newer treatment is 98% effective in preventing new relapses. […] The good news is that there are newer MS treatments that can help patients experience fewer relapses and less disability. […] If you deplete the circulating B cells, it’s 98% effective in stopping relapses. […] When patients with relapsing-remitting MS begin taking medication soon after their diagnosis, they’re more likely to have fewer relapses and less disability from the disease. […] The message is that the earlier you treat, the better the outcome, he adds. The key is early diagnosis, early treatment, Dr. Hafler says.

• #60 How to Manage Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Relapses > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/how-to-manage-multiple-sclerosis-ms-relapses

  Yale MS expert says a newer treatment is 98% effective in preventing new relapses. […] The good news is that there are newer MS treatments that can help patients experience fewer relapses and less disability. […] If you deplete the circulating B cells, it’s 98% effective in stopping relapses. […] When patients with relapsing-remitting MS begin taking medication soon after their diagnosis, they’re more likely to have fewer relapses and less disability from the disease. […] The message is that the earlier you treat, the better the outcome, he adds. The key is early diagnosis, early treatment, Dr. Hafler says.

• #61 How to Manage Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Relapses > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/how-to-manage-multiple-sclerosis-ms-relapses

  Yale MS expert says a newer treatment is 98% effective in preventing new relapses. […] The good news is that there are newer MS treatments that can help patients experience fewer relapses and less disability. […] If you deplete the circulating B cells, it’s 98% effective in stopping relapses. […] When patients with relapsing-remitting MS begin taking medication soon after their diagnosis, they’re more likely to have fewer relapses and less disability from the disease. […] The message is that the earlier you treat, the better the outcome, he adds. The key is early diagnosis, early treatment, Dr. Hafler says.

• #62 Identification, Management, and Prevention of Polypharmacy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/ms-immune-disorders/identification-management-and-prevention-of-polypharmacy-in-multiple-sclerosis/32088/

  The easiest way to prevent polypharmacy is to increase awareness of it and prevent it from occurring in the first place. Regular medication review, including asking about supplements and over-the-counter medication usage, is recommended to identify which individuals are experiencing polypharmacy and who would benefit most from a comprehensive medication review. Polypharmacy reduction efforts should be focused on individuals who would benefit most from intervention, including those who are at high risk for falls, people with cognitive decline, those experiencing hyperpolypharmacy (10 daily medications), individuals receiving palliative care, and people who are not experiencing the full benefit of their drug regimen. […] A multidisciplinary team approach is needed for the management of MS. When analyzing the effect of pharmaceutical care in the setting of multidisciplinary teams, a meta-analysis encompassing trials from 2000 through 2018 found that multidisciplinary teams reduced the probability of readmission by 32% and increased individuals quality of life outcomes. Polypharmacy has been associated with increased risk of hospital admission and decreased quality of life.

• #63 Identification, Management, and Prevention of Polypharmacy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/ms-immune-disorders/identification-management-and-prevention-of-polypharmacy-in-multiple-sclerosis/32088/

  The easiest way to prevent polypharmacy is to increase awareness of it and prevent it from occurring in the first place. Regular medication review, including asking about supplements and over-the-counter medication usage, is recommended to identify which individuals are experiencing polypharmacy and who would benefit most from a comprehensive medication review. Polypharmacy reduction efforts should be focused on individuals who would benefit most from intervention, including those who are at high risk for falls, people with cognitive decline, those experiencing hyperpolypharmacy (10 daily medications), individuals receiving palliative care, and people who are not experiencing the full benefit of their drug regimen. […] A multidisciplinary team approach is needed for the management of MS. When analyzing the effect of pharmaceutical care in the setting of multidisciplinary teams, a meta-analysis encompassing trials from 2000 through 2018 found that multidisciplinary teams reduced the probability of readmission by 32% and increased individuals quality of life outcomes. Polypharmacy has been associated with increased risk of hospital admission and decreased quality of life.

• #64 Identification, Management, and Prevention of Polypharmacy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/ms-immune-disorders/identification-management-and-prevention-of-polypharmacy-in-multiple-sclerosis/32088/

  The easiest way to prevent polypharmacy is to increase awareness of it and prevent it from occurring in the first place. Regular medication review, including asking about supplements and over-the-counter medication usage, is recommended to identify which individuals are experiencing polypharmacy and who would benefit most from a comprehensive medication review. Polypharmacy reduction efforts should be focused on individuals who would benefit most from intervention, including those who are at high risk for falls, people with cognitive decline, those experiencing hyperpolypharmacy (10 daily medications), individuals receiving palliative care, and people who are not experiencing the full benefit of their drug regimen. […] A multidisciplinary team approach is needed for the management of MS. When analyzing the effect of pharmaceutical care in the setting of multidisciplinary teams, a meta-analysis encompassing trials from 2000 through 2018 found that multidisciplinary teams reduced the probability of readmission by 32% and increased individuals quality of life outcomes. Polypharmacy has been associated with increased risk of hospital admission and decreased quality of life.

• #65 Identification, Management, and Prevention of Polypharmacy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/ms-immune-disorders/identification-management-and-prevention-of-polypharmacy-in-multiple-sclerosis/32088/

  The addition of a polypharmacy stewardship program has been suggested as a novel concept by a study recently published in The Lancet to address the growing global concern of polypharmacy. This involves a polypharmacy steward, most commonly a pharmacist, working within an interdisciplinary team to identify potentially inappropriate medications and collaborate to find more suitable alternatives. […] Issues surrounding polypharmacy have been identified as a growing global concern because of the associated risks of adverse health outcomes and effects on physical, emotional, and financial wellbeing. This is especially relevant for practitioners caring for people with MS because of its early onset age and range of debilitating symptoms. The goal of polypharmacy prevention and mitigation is not to reduce medication usage to none but to practice more rational prescribing.

• #66 Identification, Management, and Prevention of Polypharmacy in Multiple Sclerosis

  https://practicalneurology.com/diseases-diagnoses/ms-immune-disorders/identification-management-and-prevention-of-polypharmacy-in-multiple-sclerosis/32088/

  The addition of a polypharmacy stewardship program has been suggested as a novel concept by a study recently published in The Lancet to address the growing global concern of polypharmacy. This involves a polypharmacy steward, most commonly a pharmacist, working within an interdisciplinary team to identify potentially inappropriate medications and collaborate to find more suitable alternatives. […] Issues surrounding polypharmacy have been identified as a growing global concern because of the associated risks of adverse health outcomes and effects on physical, emotional, and financial wellbeing. This is especially relevant for practitioners caring for people with MS because of its early onset age and range of debilitating symptoms. The goal of polypharmacy prevention and mitigation is not to reduce medication usage to none but to practice more rational prescribing.

• #67 Following a Moving Target: Current and Emerging Strategies for the Prevention and Management of COVID-19 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis | Efficient CME

  https://activities.efficientcme.com/MS_COVID

  As our understanding of COVID-19 advances, so does our understanding of its impact on the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Through in-depth discussions, the faculty provide guidance on the optimal timing of DMTs relative to vaccination, while equipping participants with practical strategies for prophylactic and outpatient COVID-19 management in patients with MS. […] Evaluate real-world outcomes and emerging clinical trial data with pre- and post-exposure prophylactic treatments to prepare for their potential reprised role in minimizing COVID-19 risk in immunocompromised patients.

• #68 Following a Moving Target: Current and Emerging Strategies for the Prevention and Management of COVID-19 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis | Efficient CME

  https://activities.efficientcme.com/MS_COVID

  As our understanding of COVID-19 advances, so does our understanding of its impact on the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). […] Through in-depth discussions, the faculty provide guidance on the optimal timing of DMTs relative to vaccination, while equipping participants with practical strategies for prophylactic and outpatient COVID-19 management in patients with MS. […] Evaluate real-world outcomes and emerging clinical trial data with pre- and post-exposure prophylactic treatments to prepare for their potential reprised role in minimizing COVID-19 risk in immunocompromised patients.

• #69 Global multiple sclerosis prevention initiative underway – MS Australia

  https://www.msaustralia.org.au/news/global-multiple-sclerosis-prevention-initiative-underway/

  A new international effort to prevent multiple sclerosis (MS) is officially underway, as researchers, clinicians, people living with MS, and MS organisations from around the world gather in Lisbon, Portugal, for the inaugural Global Prevention and Early Detection Initiative workshop. […] We believe this global initiative will allow for better understanding of risk factors and ultra-early detection that will help us move towards preventing MS for future generations, Dr Valentine said. […] Prevention is a cornerstone of this strategy, and it underscores the critical importance of identifying risk factors of MS, improving early detection of MS, and investing in research that could one day eliminate MS altogether, Mr Greenland said. […] The potential of this new global initiative into the prevention and ultra-early detection of MS efforts to transform lives is truly inspiring.

• #70 Global multiple sclerosis prevention initiative underway – MS Australia

  https://www.msaustralia.org.au/news/global-multiple-sclerosis-prevention-initiative-underway/

  A new international effort to prevent multiple sclerosis (MS) is officially underway, as researchers, clinicians, people living with MS, and MS organisations from around the world gather in Lisbon, Portugal, for the inaugural Global Prevention and Early Detection Initiative workshop. […] We believe this global initiative will allow for better understanding of risk factors and ultra-early detection that will help us move towards preventing MS for future generations, Dr Valentine said. […] Prevention is a cornerstone of this strategy, and it underscores the critical importance of identifying risk factors of MS, improving early detection of MS, and investing in research that could one day eliminate MS altogether, Mr Greenland said. […] The potential of this new global initiative into the prevention and ultra-early detection of MS efforts to transform lives is truly inspiring.

• #71 Global multiple sclerosis prevention initiative underway – MS Australia

  https://www.msaustralia.org.au/news/global-multiple-sclerosis-prevention-initiative-underway/

  A new international effort to prevent multiple sclerosis (MS) is officially underway, as researchers, clinicians, people living with MS, and MS organisations from around the world gather in Lisbon, Portugal, for the inaugural Global Prevention and Early Detection Initiative workshop. […] We believe this global initiative will allow for better understanding of risk factors and ultra-early detection that will help us move towards preventing MS for future generations, Dr Valentine said. […] Prevention is a cornerstone of this strategy, and it underscores the critical importance of identifying risk factors of MS, improving early detection of MS, and investing in research that could one day eliminate MS altogether, Mr Greenland said. […] The potential of this new global initiative into the prevention and ultra-early detection of MS efforts to transform lives is truly inspiring.

• #72 Global multiple sclerosis prevention initiative underway – MS Australia

  https://www.msaustralia.org.au/news/global-multiple-sclerosis-prevention-initiative-underway/

  A new international effort to prevent multiple sclerosis (MS) is officially underway, as researchers, clinicians, people living with MS, and MS organisations from around the world gather in Lisbon, Portugal, for the inaugural Global Prevention and Early Detection Initiative workshop. […] We believe this global initiative will allow for better understanding of risk factors and ultra-early detection that will help us move towards preventing MS for future generations, Dr Valentine said. […] Prevention is a cornerstone of this strategy, and it underscores the critical importance of identifying risk factors of MS, improving early detection of MS, and investing in research that could one day eliminate MS altogether, Mr Greenland said. […] The potential of this new global initiative into the prevention and ultra-early detection of MS efforts to transform lives is truly inspiring.

• #73 Multiple Sclerosis: Causes, Symptoms, & Diagnosis

  https://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/what-is-multiple-sclerosis

  MS can not be entirely prevented. Its caused by a variety of known and unknown factors, many of which are out of your control. But there are ways to reduce your risk. Lifestyle habits such as getting adequate vitamin D, maintaining a healthy weight, living in a sunny climate, spending time outside, reducing stress, and not smoking may help prevent MS.

• #74 What Is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/multiple-sclerosis/guide/

  As of yet, theres no surefire way to prevent multiple sclerosis, in large part because the cause of the disease is not yet fully understood. But there are some healthy behaviors that can reduce an individuals risk of MS. […] Adequate vitamin D from sunlight, food, and supplements is one way to potentially lower your risk of MS. A study published in January 2022 in Neurology found that growing up in a sunny area and having a high amount of sun exposure in the summer was associated with a lower risk of developing MS in childhood. […] Not smoking is another strategy that may lower MS risk. Smokers and people exposed to secondhand smoke are known to have an increased risk of MS, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. […] Maintaining a healthy weight, particularly in childhood, may also lower a persons MS risk. A study published in May 2019 in JAMA Neurology found that obesity in children is associated with increased risk of pediatric MS. In addition, the children who were obese responded less well to first-line MS medication than those who were not.

• #75 The initiation and prevention of multiple sclerosis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4467212/

  Longitudinal studies of supplemental vitamin D intake and pre-onset serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D support a protective effect of vitamin D on MS risk and variants in the CYP27B1 gene (which encode the 1-hydroxylase necessary in vitamin D activation) have been associated with MS risk, further supporting a potential causal role. […] Cigarette smoking has been associated with an increased risk of MS in men and women, and changes in smoking patterns in both sexes may partially explain the increasing female:male sex ratio in MS. […] Vitamin D supplementation and smoking cessation are immediately available interventions that are likely to reduce MS risk and to improve the outcomes of individuals with CIS or MS.

• #76 Multiple sclerosis primary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Multiple_sclerosis_primary_prevention

  Effective measures for the primary prevention of multiple sclerosis include: Vitamin D supplement, smoking cessation, and early exposure to infections. […] Effective measures for the primary prevention of multiple sclerosis include: […] Vitamin D supplement: There is some evidence demonstrating that 1000 to 4000 IU vitamin D supplement daily can reduce the incidence of multiple sclerosis. […] Smoking cessation: Smoking cessation proved to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of MS disease. […] Early exposure to infections: EBV infection in childhood is not a severe disease, but in adults, it can presents as infectious mononucleosis. The similarity between the prevalence of infectious mononucleosis and MS point out that infection with this virus in childhood can reduce the risk of MS in comparison with adulthood infection.

• #77 Navigating Multiple Sclerosis: Understanding, Prevention & Care | SC News

  https://www.springfieldclinic.com/our-community/news/march-ms-awareness

  March is a month dedicated to shedding light on a condition that affects many lives, Multiple Sclerosis (MS). […] While there is no definitive way to prevent MS, certain lifestyle choices may contribute to lowering the risk of developing the condition. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet and stress management, can positively impact overall well-being. Additionally, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption may play a role in reducing the risk of MS. […] By being informed, recognizing symptoms, adopting a healthy lifestyle and seeking timely medical attention, we can collectively make a difference in the lives of those affected by MS.

• #78 Multiple Sclerosis – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Numbe

  https://www.pacehospital.com/multiple-sclerosis-symptoms-causes-diagnosis-treatment

  Multiple sclerosis disease prevention involves managing known risk factors to improve the quality of life. Some of the MS prevention measures are listed below: […] Vitamin D: This nutrient is necessary for immune function. While the body can generate vitamin D through sunlight exposure, supplements may be required in areas with limited sunlight. […] Healthy eating: A well-rounded diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help overall health and potentially reduce inflammation, a factor in MS. […] Regular physical activity: Engaging in regular exercise not only supports overall health but also benefits the immune system. […] Quitting Smoking: Smoking is linked to a higher risk of MS and can exacerbate the condition. […] Stress Management: While stress isn’t a direct cause of MS, managing it can contribute to overall well-being.

• #79 Pioneering Prevention: The Next Frontier in Multiple Sclerosis Care – EMSP

  https://emsp.org/news/pioneering-prevention-the-next-frontier-in-multiple-sclerosis-care/

  Pioneering Prevention: The Next Frontier in Multiple Sclerosis Care […] For decades, the primary focus has been on treatment and symptom management—but what if we could prevent MS before it begins? […] Rather than solely focusing on managing symptoms after diagnosis, the scientific community is now looking upstream—identifying risk factors, biomarkers, and interventions that could potentially prevent MS onset or significantly slow its progression. […] The conference will explore four critical domains transforming MS prevention: […] Discover how cutting-edge biomarker research is enabling earlier intervention and personalised treatment plans. […] Explore the complex relationship between MS and conditions like cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and other age-related factors. […] Ensuring research reflects real-world patient populations is essential for equitable care. […] Together, we can build a future where prevention stands at the forefront of our approach to MS and related disorders.

• #80 Preventing disease progression in multiple sclerosis—insights from large real-world cohorts | Genome Medicine | Full Text

  https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13073-022-01044-8

  Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease with a highly heterogeneous disease course. Preventing lasting disability requires early identification of persons at risk and novel approaches towards patient stratification for personalized treatment decisions. […] Insights gained from large international real-world cohorts demonstrate that early efficacious treatment is crucial for the long-term outcome of MS patients. […] Thus, strategies that enable the identification of individuals at risk and of patients with presymptomatic MS along with the initiation of preventive measures (e.g., modification of known risk factors like smoking and obesity, disease-specific education, and early detection examinations) might be a key to overcoming MS progression. […] Findings from these real-world cohort studies have considerably contributed to our understanding of MS disease course as they have led to the identification of a presymptomatic phase (the MS prodrome) and have highlighted the importance of timely preventive measures. Moreover, they indicate potential strategies for the early identification of persons at risk. […] The current major challenges in the management of MS patients include the identification of persons at risk to enable preventive strategies and early diagnosis along with patient stratification for prognostication and targeted treatment decisions.

• #81 Multiple Sclerosis Research Program, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs

  https://cdmrp.health.mil/msrp/default

  To prevent, cure, reverse, or slow the progression, and lessen the personal and societal impact of multiple sclerosis […] The vision of the MSRP is to prevent, cure, reverse, or slow the progression and lessen the personal and societal impact of MS. […] To support pioneering concepts and high-impact research relevant to the prevention, etiology, pathogenesis, assessment, treatment, and ultimate cure of multiple sclerosis for the benefit of Service Members and their Families, Veterans, and the American public.

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