Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Rosacea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557574/

  Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that presents with recurrent flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, papules, or pustules on nose, chin, cheeks, and forehead. […] Although usually limited to the skin, an association of rosacea with systemic comorbidities has been reported. […] The exact etiology of rosacea is not fully understood. Genetics, immune reaction, microorganisms, environmental factors, and neurovascular dysregulation are among the known etiological factors for the development of rosacea. […] A genetic predisposition is supported by a higher incidence of disease in patients with a family history of rosacea. […] Among microorganisms, Demodex mites appear to play a role in rosacea as they are seen in higher numbers on rosacea-affected skin, though it is not clear if this is a cause or consequence of rosacea. […] Helicobacter pylori is another organism with reported association with rosacea.

• #1 Rosacea Causes and Diagnoses | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/dermatology/rosacea/causes-and-diagnoses

  The exact cause of rosacea isnt known, but researchers are working to determine its origin. […] It is known that rosacea runs in families, so there may be a genetic component to the disease. […] Other causes being investigated are: […] Some rosacea sufferers have an overreaction to a particular bacterium. […] A common digestive bacterium thats normally associated with stomach ulcers may play a role. […] This mite is commonly found on the skin of the nose and cheeks, where rosacea first appears. […] This normally occurring protein usually protects the skin from infection, but may cause swelling and redness in some people.

• #2 Rosacea: An Overview of Its Etiological Factors, Pathogenesis, Classification and Therapy Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6179/3/4/19

  Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition. […] Rosacea has several triggers, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, which means there are several treatment options, and these options can be combined. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is complex and involves a variety of factors that can trigger both inflammatory and vascular responses. […] Rosacea skin has higher levels of TLR-2, KLK-5, cathelicidin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) than healthy skin. […] In rosacea patients, keratinocytes produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines when TLR-2 is activated by triggering factors, leading to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL (interleukin)-8, IL-1b, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α. […] The relationship between TLRs and B cells involves mechanisms where TLR activation is necessary for certain antigen-specific antibody responses in B cells, and TLR agonists stimulate the differentiation of plasma cells from B cells.

• #2 Rosacea: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rosacea/

  The causes of rosacea are complex and not well understood. Both genetic and environmental factors appear to influence the disorder, although many of these factors have not been identified. […] Studies suggest that rosacea is associated with abnormalities of blood vessels (the vascular system) and the immune system. In people with this condition, blood vessels expand (dilate) too easily, which can cause redness and flushing of the skin. Rosacea is also associated with abnormal inflammation. Inflammation is a normal immune system response to injury and foreign invaders, such as bacteria. Abnormal inflammation impairs the skin’s ability to act as a protective barrier for the body. Researchers believe that a combination of blood vessel abnormalities, abnormal inflammation, and a disruption of the skin barrier underlie the signs and symptoms of rosacea.

• #3 Rosacea: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rosacea/

  Among the genes thought to play roles in rosacea are several genes in a family called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the body’s own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders. […] Certain variations in HLA genes likely contribute to the abnormal inflammation that is characteristic of rosacea. […] Another group of genes that appear to be involved in the development of rosacea are glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The proteins produced from these genes help protect cells from oxidative stress. […] Variants in several GST genes have been associated with an increased risk of developing rosacea. […] Environmental (nongenetic) factors can also increase the risk of developing rosacea and trigger its symptoms. Among the best-studied risk factors for rosacea is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

• #4 Rosacea: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/0801/p187.html

  Rosacea is a chronic facial skin condition of unknown cause. […] The etiology of rosacea is unknown but is likely multifactorial. Factors involved in the pathophysiology include the dense presence of sebaceous glands on the face, the physiology of the nerve innervation, and the vascular composition of the skin. […] Numerous triggers initiate or aggravate the clinical manifestations of rosacea, including ultraviolet light, heat, spicy foods, and alcohol. […] A predilection for fair-skinned individuals of Celtic or northern European descent suggests a genetic component to rosacea. […] However, no specific gene has been identified. […] Patients with the genetic predisposition have a receptor that mediates neovascular regulation. When exposed to triggers, neuropeptide release (flushing, edema) occurs, resulting in recruitment of proinflammatory cells to the skin.

• #5 Rosacea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatmen

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-rosacea-basics

  Some things about you may make you more likely to get rosacea. For instance, your chances of getting the skin condition go up if you: […] Have light skin, blond hair, and blue eyes […] Are between ages 30 and 50 […] Are female (or were designated as female at birth) […] Have family members with rosacea […] Had severe acne […] Smoke […] […] […] Rosacea can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to get the condition, including: […] Middle-aged and older adults […] Women […] Light-skinned people, but doctors may overlook it in people with darker skin because this skin tone can hide discolored skin

• #6 Rosacea: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rosacea/

  The causes of rosacea are complex and not well understood. Both genetic and environmental factors appear to influence the disorder, although many of these factors have not been identified. […] Studies suggest that rosacea is associated with abnormalities of blood vessels (the vascular system) and the immune system. In people with this condition, blood vessels expand (dilate) too easily, which can cause redness and flushing of the skin. Rosacea is also associated with abnormal inflammation. Inflammation is a normal immune system response to injury and foreign invaders, such as bacteria. Abnormal inflammation impairs the skin’s ability to act as a protective barrier for the body. Researchers believe that a combination of blood vessel abnormalities, abnormal inflammation, and a disruption of the skin barrier underlie the signs and symptoms of rosacea.

• #7 All About Rosacea: Signs & Symptoms and Treatment | Rosacea.org

  https://www.rosacea.org/patients/all-about-rosacea

  Causes of Rosacea: […] Although the cause of rosacea remains unknown, researchers have now identified major elements of the disease process that may lead to significant advances in its treatment. Recent studies have shown that the facial redness is likely to be the start of an inflammatory continuum initiated by a combination of neurovascular dysregulation and the innate immune system. […] Beyond neurovascular and immune system factors, the presence of a microscopic mite called Demodex folliculorum has been considered as a potential contributor to rosacea. […] Other recent studies that have found associations between rosacea and increased risk for a growing number of potentially serious systemic diseases, suggesting that rosacea may be an outcome of systemic inflammation.

• #8 Ocular Rosacea: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1197341-overview

  Rosacea is a common inflammatory dermatologic condition that affects the midface and eyes. […] Although the etiology of rosacea is not fully understood, an augmented response of the innate immune system and neurovascular pathways to certain triggers are considered to be major factors in the chronic inflammatory process associated with this condition. […] A variety of rosacea triggers have been described including skin colonization with Demodex mites (along with bacteria in their gut) and Staphylococcus epidermidis. […] Eradication of Helicobacter pylori has been shown to improve rosacea in some patients, and the organism may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation in rosacea. […] The precise pathophysiology of rosacea remains unclear but comprises both vascular dysregulation and altered immune system responses and inflammatory changes. […] Recent research has shown an upregulation of proinflammatory and vasoregulatory genes in rosacea patients.

• #9 Rosacea: A Misunderstood, Serious Medical Condition

  https://www.ahdbonline.com/payer-perspectives-in-dermatology/1469-article-1469

  Del Rosso and colleagues recently elaborated on what they call the 2 inherent characteristics of rosacea-prone skin: neurovascular dysregulation and inflammation that produce physiochemical and structural changes in the skin. […] With this hyperreactive immune system as background, environmental triggers can incite an exaggerated immune response. This triggering of the innate immune response system induces a signaling cascade of inflammatory factors that lead to chronic inflammation and an altered vascular state. […] In explaining the facial erythema (or redness) of rosacea, Del Rosso and colleagues pulled all these factors together to construct a picture of inflammation and vascular reactivity that includes an augmented innate immune response (ie, an increase in TLR2, cathelicidin precursors and peptides, and kallikrein-5); changes in the vasculature (ie, increased vascular endothelial growth factor, increased mast cells, and downstream effects of LL-37); neurovascular dysregulation (ie, vascular response, vasodilation, and neurosensory symptoms); dermal matrix degradation (ie, an increase in reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases, and a decrease in antioxidant reserve); vasodilation (ie, neurovascular dysfunction and increased nitric oxide leading to dilation and increased blood flow); and rosacea dermatitis (ie, stratum corneum barrier dysfunction and an increase in cytokines).

• #10 Rosacea: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/rosacea/what-is/causes

  A protein in the immune system that normally protects the skin from infection, cathelicidin, may cause the color change (red on lighter skin and violet or brown on darker skin tones) and swelling. How the body processes this protein may determine whether a person gets rosacea. […] Mites that live on nearly everyones skin may play a role. Called Demodex, these mites are too tiny to be seen without a powerful microscope. However, researchers have found that these mites often appear in greater numbers when someone has rosacea. Its possible that the larger number of mites triggers an immune response that leads to inflammation, which causes rosacea. […] A bacterial infection may play a role. When someone develops a bacterial infection caused by H. pylori, this infection can stimulate the immune system and cause inflammation. Researchers have found when someone with rosacea has this type of infection, treating the infection may calm rosacea. However, other studies have found that treating the infection did not help. More research is needed. […] Researchers are also looking at the possible roles that the nervous and circulatory systems may play a role in causing rosacea.

• #11 Possible Root Causes Of Rosacea And How To Treat Them Naturally

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-functional-medicine-approach-to-rosacea

  The exact cause of rosacea is unclear and debated. Some possible reasons include: […] Individuals with rosacea have high levels of a peptide, cathelicidin, in their facial skin, which may demonstrate an exacerbated immune response. […] The microbiome is the community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that live in or on the body. The skin of rosacea patients regularly contains an overgrowth of skin microorganisms called Demodex folliculorum that live near hair follicles of the skin. It is speculated that individuals with rosacea may have a hypersensitivity to these mites. […] Current theories highlight the role of the microbiome, both skin, as mentioned above, and gut. The balance of these bacteria and the inflammatory response in the body is considered a significant regulator in the connection of gut and skin health.

• #12 Rosacea: An Overview of Its Etiological Factors, Pathogenesis, Classification and Therapy Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6179/3/4/19

  Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition. […] Rosacea has several triggers, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, which means there are several treatment options, and these options can be combined. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is complex and involves a variety of factors that can trigger both inflammatory and vascular responses. […] Rosacea skin has higher levels of TLR-2, KLK-5, cathelicidin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) than healthy skin. […] In rosacea patients, keratinocytes produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines when TLR-2 is activated by triggering factors, leading to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL (interleukin)-8, IL-1b, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α. […] The relationship between TLRs and B cells involves mechanisms where TLR activation is necessary for certain antigen-specific antibody responses in B cells, and TLR agonists stimulate the differentiation of plasma cells from B cells.

• #13 Rosacea: An Overview of Its Etiological Factors, Pathogenesis, Classification and Therapy Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6179/3/4/19

  Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition. […] Rosacea has several triggers, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, which means there are several treatment options, and these options can be combined. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is complex and involves a variety of factors that can trigger both inflammatory and vascular responses. […] Rosacea skin has higher levels of TLR-2, KLK-5, cathelicidin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) than healthy skin. […] In rosacea patients, keratinocytes produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines when TLR-2 is activated by triggering factors, leading to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL (interleukin)-8, IL-1b, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α. […] The relationship between TLRs and B cells involves mechanisms where TLR activation is necessary for certain antigen-specific antibody responses in B cells, and TLR agonists stimulate the differentiation of plasma cells from B cells.

• #14 Rosacea: A Misunderstood, Serious Medical Condition

  https://www.ahdbonline.com/payer-perspectives-in-dermatology/1469-article-1469

  Del Rosso and colleagues recently elaborated on what they call the 2 inherent characteristics of rosacea-prone skin: neurovascular dysregulation and inflammation that produce physiochemical and structural changes in the skin. […] With this hyperreactive immune system as background, environmental triggers can incite an exaggerated immune response. This triggering of the innate immune response system induces a signaling cascade of inflammatory factors that lead to chronic inflammation and an altered vascular state. […] In explaining the facial erythema (or redness) of rosacea, Del Rosso and colleagues pulled all these factors together to construct a picture of inflammation and vascular reactivity that includes an augmented innate immune response (ie, an increase in TLR2, cathelicidin precursors and peptides, and kallikrein-5); changes in the vasculature (ie, increased vascular endothelial growth factor, increased mast cells, and downstream effects of LL-37); neurovascular dysregulation (ie, vascular response, vasodilation, and neurosensory symptoms); dermal matrix degradation (ie, an increase in reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases, and a decrease in antioxidant reserve); vasodilation (ie, neurovascular dysfunction and increased nitric oxide leading to dilation and increased blood flow); and rosacea dermatitis (ie, stratum corneum barrier dysfunction and an increase in cytokines).

• #15 Rosacea: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/rosacea/what-is/causes

  A protein in the immune system that normally protects the skin from infection, cathelicidin, may cause the color change (red on lighter skin and violet or brown on darker skin tones) and swelling. How the body processes this protein may determine whether a person gets rosacea. […] Mites that live on nearly everyones skin may play a role. Called Demodex, these mites are too tiny to be seen without a powerful microscope. However, researchers have found that these mites often appear in greater numbers when someone has rosacea. Its possible that the larger number of mites triggers an immune response that leads to inflammation, which causes rosacea. […] A bacterial infection may play a role. When someone develops a bacterial infection caused by H. pylori, this infection can stimulate the immune system and cause inflammation. Researchers have found when someone with rosacea has this type of infection, treating the infection may calm rosacea. However, other studies have found that treating the infection did not help. More research is needed. […] Researchers are also looking at the possible roles that the nervous and circulatory systems may play a role in causing rosacea.

• #16 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Rosacea-Causes.aspx

  The cause of rosacea is not yet clear but there are several hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of pathology which include: […] Some research suggests that this bacteria produces a protein called bradykinin that can cause blood vessels to dilate, giving rise to rosacea symptoms. […] Rosacea is typically characterized by flushing, redness and prominent blood vessels across the face. Sun exposure can lead to dilation of blood vessels and the release of inflammatory mediators that cause this redness. Sun can also damage the elasticity of the skin by degrading collagen. […] Although no particular gene that causes rosacea has yet been identified, the condition has been known to run in families, suggesting it may be an inherited condition. […] Demodex folliculorum is a type of tiny mite found on human skin that has been implicated as a cause of rosacea. They have been observed in higher numbers on the affected skin of rosacea patients than on healthy people’s skin. […] Caffeine-containing drinks, alcohol, spicy food, steroid creams and vitamin B supplements have been implicated in the causation of rosacea.

• #17 Rosacea: A Misunderstood, Serious Medical Condition

  https://www.ahdbonline.com/payer-perspectives-in-dermatology/1469-article-1469

  Rosacea is a medical condition with biological underpinnings; it is not a cosmetic problem. Its underlying features are inflammation and vascular reactivity, which lead to erythema and papulopustules. […] A potential role for microbial organisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea has been a long-standing assumption. According to Del Rosso and colleagues, current evidence suggests that a microbial source is not mandatory for the development of rosacea; however, proliferation of Demodex folliculoru may incite a flare by triggering an immune response that is dysregulated and augmented in patients with rosacea. […] The pathophysiology of rosacea has become an active area of research in the past decade, especially with the increasing understanding of the role of inflammation in many diseases. Rosacea is now understood to be an inflammatory disorder, based on the finding of an abnormal innate immune response system in persons with rosacea-prone skin.

• #18 Rosacea Causes

  https://www.villagedermatologyhouston.com/rosacea/causes-of-rosacea

  Although no one knows the exact cause of rosacea, a number of potential factors are thought to be possibilities. Usually a combination of some of these factors are responsible. […] Many experts believe that abnormalities in the blood vessels of the face may play a role in the development of rosacea. […] Scientists and research physicians have found that certain external triggers can result in overexpression and production of certain peptides, known as anti-microbial peptides (AMPs). […] Tiny mites called demodex folliculorum typically live harmlessly on the skin of all individuals. However, people with rosacea may have large numbers of these mites, which may play a role in the condition. […] Some researchers believe there is a link between this bacteria overgrowth and rosacea. […] Rosacea definitely has a genetic predisposition. If your mother or father have rosacea, you are much more likely to develop it.

• #19 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, Triggers & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12174-rosacea

  Rosacea is a skin condition that causes redness on your face. […] The cause of rosacea is unknown. Studies suggest rosacea could be a symptom of: […] Research is ongoing to learn more about the causes of rosacea and if its an autoimmune condition. […] A certain type of bacteria (Bacillus oleronius) thats common among people diagnosed with papulopustular rosacea can cause your immune system to overcompensate for the bacteria and attack healthy skin cells. […] Other cases of rosacea could be the result of your immune system being highly sensitive to changes in your environment.

• #20 Rosacea – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557574/

  Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that presents with recurrent flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, papules, or pustules on nose, chin, cheeks, and forehead. […] Although usually limited to the skin, an association of rosacea with systemic comorbidities has been reported. […] The exact etiology of rosacea is not fully understood. Genetics, immune reaction, microorganisms, environmental factors, and neurovascular dysregulation are among the known etiological factors for the development of rosacea. […] A genetic predisposition is supported by a higher incidence of disease in patients with a family history of rosacea. […] Among microorganisms, Demodex mites appear to play a role in rosacea as they are seen in higher numbers on rosacea-affected skin, though it is not clear if this is a cause or consequence of rosacea. […] Helicobacter pylori is another organism with reported association with rosacea.

• #21 Rosacea: Causes

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/rosacea/what-is/causes

  A protein in the immune system that normally protects the skin from infection, cathelicidin, may cause the color change (red on lighter skin and violet or brown on darker skin tones) and swelling. How the body processes this protein may determine whether a person gets rosacea. […] Mites that live on nearly everyones skin may play a role. Called Demodex, these mites are too tiny to be seen without a powerful microscope. However, researchers have found that these mites often appear in greater numbers when someone has rosacea. Its possible that the larger number of mites triggers an immune response that leads to inflammation, which causes rosacea. […] A bacterial infection may play a role. When someone develops a bacterial infection caused by H. pylori, this infection can stimulate the immune system and cause inflammation. Researchers have found when someone with rosacea has this type of infection, treating the infection may calm rosacea. However, other studies have found that treating the infection did not help. More research is needed. […] Researchers are also looking at the possible roles that the nervous and circulatory systems may play a role in causing rosacea.

• #22

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/ocular-rosacea-facts

  Doctors do not know for sure why people get rosacea. It may be genetic (passed down in families) or it could have environmental causes. […] Some researchers think rosacea is caused by a condition that swells blood vessels. This leads to redness and flushing. Others think tiny organisms or mites clog oil glands on the face. That makes the skin swollen and red. […] Some research has also shown a possible link between rosacea and the Helicobacter pylori bacteria. This is the same bacteria that causes gastrointestinal infections.

• #23 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Rosacea-Causes.aspx

  The cause of rosacea is not yet clear but there are several hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of pathology which include: […] Some research suggests that this bacteria produces a protein called bradykinin that can cause blood vessels to dilate, giving rise to rosacea symptoms. […] Rosacea is typically characterized by flushing, redness and prominent blood vessels across the face. Sun exposure can lead to dilation of blood vessels and the release of inflammatory mediators that cause this redness. Sun can also damage the elasticity of the skin by degrading collagen. […] Although no particular gene that causes rosacea has yet been identified, the condition has been known to run in families, suggesting it may be an inherited condition. […] Demodex folliculorum is a type of tiny mite found on human skin that has been implicated as a cause of rosacea. They have been observed in higher numbers on the affected skin of rosacea patients than on healthy people’s skin. […] Caffeine-containing drinks, alcohol, spicy food, steroid creams and vitamin B supplements have been implicated in the causation of rosacea.

• #24 Possible Root Causes Of Rosacea And How To Treat Them Naturally

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-functional-medicine-approach-to-rosacea

  Numerous studies highlight the potential pathogenic role of SIBO in the development of rosacea. According to a study by Parodi et al., patients with rosacea were 13 times more likely to have SIBO than control patients. Patients with SIBO managed with the medication rifaximin showed almost complete regression of their rosacea symptoms. […] H. Pylori is a bacteria that resides in the stomach and infects approximately 50% of the population. It has been speculated that it plays a role in developing rosacea due to the high prevalence rates. A study in 1999 demonstrated that addressing H.Pylori led to an improvement of rosacea symptoms and a reduction in related gastrointestinal symptoms. More studies have been requested since. […] Additionally, a wide variety of triggers identified can exacerbate rosacea symptoms. In a survey of 1,066 rosacea patients, the National Rosacea Society ranked sun exposure as the number one rosacea trigger, followed closely by emotional stress.

• #25 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #26 Rosacea Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rosacea

  Scientists do not know what causes rosacea, but there are a number of theories. […] They know that inflammation contributes to some of the key symptoms, such as skin redness and rash, but they do not fully understand why inflammation occurs. […] It may in part be due to the increased skin sensitivity in people with rosacea, to environmental factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) light, and to microbes that inhabit the skin. […] Both genetic and environmental (nongenetic) factors likely play a role in the development of rosacea.

• #27 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #28 Possible Root Causes Of Rosacea And How To Treat Them Naturally

  https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-functional-medicine-approach-to-rosacea

  Numerous studies highlight the potential pathogenic role of SIBO in the development of rosacea. According to a study by Parodi et al., patients with rosacea were 13 times more likely to have SIBO than control patients. Patients with SIBO managed with the medication rifaximin showed almost complete regression of their rosacea symptoms. […] H. Pylori is a bacteria that resides in the stomach and infects approximately 50% of the population. It has been speculated that it plays a role in developing rosacea due to the high prevalence rates. A study in 1999 demonstrated that addressing H.Pylori led to an improvement of rosacea symptoms and a reduction in related gastrointestinal symptoms. More studies have been requested since. […] Additionally, a wide variety of triggers identified can exacerbate rosacea symptoms. In a survey of 1,066 rosacea patients, the National Rosacea Society ranked sun exposure as the number one rosacea trigger, followed closely by emotional stress.

• #29 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #30 Rosacea | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/rosacea/

  The exact cause of rosacea is unknown, although a number of possible factors have been suggested, including abnormalities in the blood vessels of the face and a reaction to microscopic mites commonly found on the face. […] Some experts believe abnormalities in the blood vessels of the face may be a major contributing factor for rosacea. This may explain symptoms of flushing, persistent redness and visible blood vessels. […] Recent research has shown external triggers such as ultraviolet (UV) light, spicy food, alcohol (particularly red wine), exercise, stress, heat and cold can lead to the activation of certain molecules within the skin called peptides. […] Microscopic mites called demodex folliculorum usually live harmlessly on human skin, but people with rosacea have particularly large numbers, which may play a role in the condition.

• #31 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #32 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #33 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #34 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #35 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #36 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #37 Rosacea | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/skin-hair-and-nails/rosacea/

  The exact cause of rosacea is unknown, although a number of possible factors have been suggested, including abnormalities in the blood vessels of the face and a reaction to microscopic mites commonly found on the face. […] Some experts believe abnormalities in the blood vessels of the face may be a major contributing factor for rosacea. This may explain symptoms of flushing, persistent redness and visible blood vessels. […] Recent research has shown external triggers such as ultraviolet (UV) light, spicy food, alcohol (particularly red wine), exercise, stress, heat and cold can lead to the activation of certain molecules within the skin called peptides. […] Microscopic mites called demodex folliculorum usually live harmlessly on human skin, but people with rosacea have particularly large numbers, which may play a role in the condition.

• #38 Rosacea – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rosacea/symptoms-causes/syc-20353815

  The cause of rosacea is not known. It could be due to genetics, an overactive immune system or things in your daily life. Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene, and you can’t catch it from other people. […] Flare-ups might be brought on by: Sun or wind. Hot drinks. Spicy foods. Alcohol. Very hot and cold temperatures. Emotional stress. Exercise. Drugs that dilate blood vessels, including some blood pressure medicines. Some cosmetic, skin and hair care products.

• #39 Common Causes of Rosacea: Sanford Dermatology:

  https://www.sanforddermatology.com/blog/common-causes-of-rosacea

  Rosacea is a dermatologic condition that irritates skin on your face. […] While its a common skin issue that affects more than 14 million Americans, experts arent sure what causes rosacea. Your genetics, your immune system, and your environment may play a role, but anyone can develop rosacea during their lifetime. […] Some of the most common rosacea triggers are foods and beverages. Alcohol can dilate your blood vessels, and hot beverages can raise your body temperature, both of which can leave you with facial redness. […] Spicy food is another common cause. In fact, up to 75% of people with rosacea find that spicy food makes their symptoms worse. […] The environment around you is another trigger. Exposure to UV rays in direct sunlight can cause flushing. […] Both physical and mental stress can affect your skin. High-intensity exercise elevates your body temperature, and it may also trigger facial redness that lasts long after your workout. […] Some medications, particularly those that treat high blood pressure, work by dilating your blood vessels. If you have rosacea, taking these medications could make your symptoms worse.

• #40 Rosacea – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/acne-and-related-disorders/rosacea

  Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by facial flushing, telangiectasias, erythema, papules, pustules, and, in severe cases, phymatous changes such as rhinophyma. […] The etiology of rosacea is unknown, but some proposed associations include abnormal vasomotor control, impaired facial venous drainage, increased follicle mites (Demodex folliculorum), increased angiogenesis, ferritin expression, and reactive oxygen species, and dysfunction of antimicrobial peptides (eg, cathelicidin). […] Diet plays no consistent role, but some agents (eg, amiodarone, topical and nasal corticosteroids, high doses of B6 and B12) may worsen rosacea. […] Persistent erythema or flushing may be treated with the topical alpha-2-selective adrenergic agonist brimonidine 0.33% gel applied once a day or with the primarily alpha-1a agonist oxymetazoline hydrochloride 1% cream applied once a day. […] Recalcitrant cases may respond to oral isotretinoin.

• #41 Rosacea – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/acne-and-related-disorders/rosacea

  Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by facial flushing, telangiectasias, erythema, papules, pustules, and, in severe cases, phymatous changes such as rhinophyma. […] The etiology of rosacea is unknown, but some proposed associations include abnormal vasomotor control, impaired facial venous drainage, increased follicle mites (Demodex folliculorum), increased angiogenesis, ferritin expression, and reactive oxygen species, and dysfunction of antimicrobial peptides (eg, cathelicidin). […] Diet plays no consistent role, but some agents (eg, amiodarone, topical and nasal corticosteroids, high doses of B6 and B12) may worsen rosacea. […] Persistent erythema or flushing may be treated with the topical alpha-2-selective adrenergic agonist brimonidine 0.33% gel applied once a day or with the primarily alpha-1a agonist oxymetazoline hydrochloride 1% cream applied once a day. […] Recalcitrant cases may respond to oral isotretinoin.

• #42 Rosacea – Dermatologic Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/acne-and-related-disorders/rosacea

  Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by facial flushing, telangiectasias, erythema, papules, pustules, and, in severe cases, phymatous changes such as rhinophyma. […] The etiology of rosacea is unknown, but some proposed associations include abnormal vasomotor control, impaired facial venous drainage, increased follicle mites (Demodex folliculorum), increased angiogenesis, ferritin expression, and reactive oxygen species, and dysfunction of antimicrobial peptides (eg, cathelicidin). […] Diet plays no consistent role, but some agents (eg, amiodarone, topical and nasal corticosteroids, high doses of B6 and B12) may worsen rosacea. […] Persistent erythema or flushing may be treated with the topical alpha-2-selective adrenergic agonist brimonidine 0.33% gel applied once a day or with the primarily alpha-1a agonist oxymetazoline hydrochloride 1% cream applied once a day. […] Recalcitrant cases may respond to oral isotretinoin.

• #43 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/skin-conditions/skin-rashes/rosacea

  Rosacea causes […] The exact cause is not known. A number of factors may be involved. However, none of these factors has definitely been proven to be the cause. For example: […] Tiny blood vessels under the affected skin may become abnormal or leaky. […] Sun damage. […] A tiny mite called Demodex folliculorum may be involved. It lives harmlessly on the skin of many people but has been found in higher numbers in those with rosacea. […] Abnormal immune reactions in the skin, which lead to inflammation. […] Genetics may also be involved, as rosacea may run in some families. […] Long-term use of steroid creams on the face can cause a condition identical to rosacea. This used to be quite common. However, the danger of overusing steroid creams is now well known and this is now an uncommon problem. […] Rosacea is not contagious and therefore cannot be spread from one person to another person.

• #44 Rosacea > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/rosacea

  Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red spots on the face that arise during adulthood, usually on the nose, cheeks, or chin. […] Although doctors aren’t sure exactly what causes rosacea, the following triggers are associated with the condition: […] Exposure to ultraviolet radiation and/or heat may be a trigger in susceptible people, leading to redness and swelling of the skin on the face. […] Some people with rosacea have a disruption of their skin barrier, leading to water loss, dryness, and sensitivity to irritants. […] Some people may inherit a genetic mutation that makes them susceptible to rosacea. […] It’s also possible that overactive blood vessels in the face may dilate more easily than they should, allowing more blood to circulate, leading to facial redness and other symptoms.

• #45 Rosacea: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/rosacea/

  The causes of rosacea are complex and not well understood. Both genetic and environmental factors appear to influence the disorder, although many of these factors have not been identified. […] Studies suggest that rosacea is associated with abnormalities of blood vessels (the vascular system) and the immune system. In people with this condition, blood vessels expand (dilate) too easily, which can cause redness and flushing of the skin. Rosacea is also associated with abnormal inflammation. Inflammation is a normal immune system response to injury and foreign invaders, such as bacteria. Abnormal inflammation impairs the skin’s ability to act as a protective barrier for the body. Researchers believe that a combination of blood vessel abnormalities, abnormal inflammation, and a disruption of the skin barrier underlie the signs and symptoms of rosacea.

• #46 Rosacea: A Misunderstood, Serious Medical Condition

  https://www.ahdbonline.com/payer-perspectives-in-dermatology/1469-article-1469

  Del Rosso and colleagues recently elaborated on what they call the 2 inherent characteristics of rosacea-prone skin: neurovascular dysregulation and inflammation that produce physiochemical and structural changes in the skin. […] With this hyperreactive immune system as background, environmental triggers can incite an exaggerated immune response. This triggering of the innate immune response system induces a signaling cascade of inflammatory factors that lead to chronic inflammation and an altered vascular state. […] In explaining the facial erythema (or redness) of rosacea, Del Rosso and colleagues pulled all these factors together to construct a picture of inflammation and vascular reactivity that includes an augmented innate immune response (ie, an increase in TLR2, cathelicidin precursors and peptides, and kallikrein-5); changes in the vasculature (ie, increased vascular endothelial growth factor, increased mast cells, and downstream effects of LL-37); neurovascular dysregulation (ie, vascular response, vasodilation, and neurosensory symptoms); dermal matrix degradation (ie, an increase in reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases, and a decrease in antioxidant reserve); vasodilation (ie, neurovascular dysfunction and increased nitric oxide leading to dilation and increased blood flow); and rosacea dermatitis (ie, stratum corneum barrier dysfunction and an increase in cytokines).

• #47 Rosacea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatmen

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-rosacea-basics

  Some things about you may make you more likely to get rosacea. For instance, your chances of getting the skin condition go up if you: […] Have light skin, blond hair, and blue eyes […] Are between ages 30 and 50 […] Are female (or were designated as female at birth) […] Have family members with rosacea […] Had severe acne […] Smoke […] […] […] Rosacea can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to get the condition, including: […] Middle-aged and older adults […] Women […] Light-skinned people, but doctors may overlook it in people with darker skin because this skin tone can hide discolored skin

• #48 Rosacea: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000879.htm

  Rosacea is a chronic skin problem that makes your face turn red. It may also cause swelling and skin sores that look like acne. […] The cause is not known. You may be more likely to have this if you are: Age 30 to 50, Fair-skinned, A woman. […] Rosacea causes swelling of the blood vessels just under the skin. It may be linked with other skin disorders (acne vulgaris, seborrhea) or eye disorders (blepharitis, keratitis). […] There is no known cure for rosacea. […] Rosacea is not acne and will not improve with over-the-counter acne treatment. […] Rosacea is a harmless condition, but it may cause you to be self-conscious or embarrassed. It cannot be cured, but may be controlled with treatment.

• #49 Rosacea: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000879.htm

  Rosacea is a chronic skin problem that makes your face turn red. It may also cause swelling and skin sores that look like acne. […] The cause is not known. You may be more likely to have this if you are: Age 30 to 50, Fair-skinned, A woman. […] Rosacea causes swelling of the blood vessels just under the skin. It may be linked with other skin disorders (acne vulgaris, seborrhea) or eye disorders (blepharitis, keratitis). […] There is no known cure for rosacea. […] Rosacea is not acne and will not improve with over-the-counter acne treatment. […] Rosacea is a harmless condition, but it may cause you to be self-conscious or embarrassed. It cannot be cured, but may be controlled with treatment.

• #50 What Is Rosacea? – Causes And Treatment | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/rosacea/

  Rosacea is a common skin condition that occurs on the face. It causes redness and small bumps that are similar to acne. […] The exact cause of rosacea is unknown. Possible causes include defects in the immune, nervous, or vascular systems. It tends to run in families. People who are fair-skinned and blush easily are more likely to have it. Symptoms often begin in adults between 30 and 60 years of age. Women get rosacea more on the cheeks and chin, while men are more likely to have rhinophyma. The condition tends to be more severe in men.

• #51 Rosacea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatmen

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-rosacea-basics

  Some things about you may make you more likely to get rosacea. For instance, your chances of getting the skin condition go up if you: […] Have light skin, blond hair, and blue eyes […] Are between ages 30 and 50 […] Are female (or were designated as female at birth) […] Have family members with rosacea […] Had severe acne […] Smoke […] […] […] Rosacea can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to get the condition, including: […] Middle-aged and older adults […] Women […] Light-skinned people, but doctors may overlook it in people with darker skin because this skin tone can hide discolored skin

• #52 Why Do I Have Rosacea?: Associated Skin Care Specialists: Board-Certified Dermatologists

  https://www.associatedskincare.com/blog/why-do-i-have-rosacea

  Researchers are still trying to understand what causes someone to develop rosacea. […] Some researchers theorize that rosacea may be a symptom of a blood vessel disorder. […] Others think the skin condition may develop from skin mites or fungal infection. […] There are certain risk factors that make you more vulnerable to developing rosacea, including: Family history of the skin condition, Having light skin tone, History of sun damage to your face, Being over the age of 30, Smoking. […] Rosacea also tends to be more common in women than in men. […] Though it’s not entirely clear why you have rosacea, we can create a plan that helps you control it.

• #53 Rosacea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatmen

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-rosacea-basics

  Some things about you may make you more likely to get rosacea. For instance, your chances of getting the skin condition go up if you: […] Have light skin, blond hair, and blue eyes […] Are between ages 30 and 50 […] Are female (or were designated as female at birth) […] Have family members with rosacea […] Had severe acne […] Smoke […] […] […] Rosacea can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to get the condition, including: […] Middle-aged and older adults […] Women […] Light-skinned people, but doctors may overlook it in people with darker skin because this skin tone can hide discolored skin

• #54 Rosacea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatmen

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-rosacea-basics

  Some things about you may make you more likely to get rosacea. For instance, your chances of getting the skin condition go up if you: […] Have light skin, blond hair, and blue eyes […] Are between ages 30 and 50 […] Are female (or were designated as female at birth) […] Have family members with rosacea […] Had severe acne […] Smoke […] […] […] Rosacea can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to get the condition, including: […] Middle-aged and older adults […] Women […] Light-skinned people, but doctors may overlook it in people with darker skin because this skin tone can hide discolored skin

• #55 Rosacea Causes – Kirsch Dermatology

  https://www.kirschderm.com/rosacea-causes/

  Rosacea causes span multiple factors, including the weather, what you eat, genetics, and whether you smoke or not, among others. […] Scientists suspect genetics may play an important role in rosacea. […] Getting rosacea could be linked to your family history. […] Some research has found a link between the gut bacteria Helicobacter pylori and rosacea. […] Some immune responses may be responsible for some types of rosacea. […] Some studies have identified the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37, part of the body’s natural defense mechanisms, as a possible cause of rosacea. […] Environmental factors are a rosacea cause that play an important role in how the condition develops. […] More women seek treatment for rosacea than men. […] Where your ancestors come from could be the cause of your rosacea.

• #56 All About Rosacea: Signs & Symptoms and Treatment | Rosacea.org

  https://www.rosacea.org/patients/all-about-rosacea

  Causes of Rosacea: […] Although the cause of rosacea remains unknown, researchers have now identified major elements of the disease process that may lead to significant advances in its treatment. Recent studies have shown that the facial redness is likely to be the start of an inflammatory continuum initiated by a combination of neurovascular dysregulation and the innate immune system. […] Beyond neurovascular and immune system factors, the presence of a microscopic mite called Demodex folliculorum has been considered as a potential contributor to rosacea. […] Other recent studies that have found associations between rosacea and increased risk for a growing number of potentially serious systemic diseases, suggesting that rosacea may be an outcome of systemic inflammation.

• #57 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #58 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #59 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #60 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #61 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #62 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #63 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #64 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #65 Rosacea: Symptoms, Causes, and Management – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/rosacea

  Rosacea has been associated with depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety disorder, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ulcerative colitis, and dementia. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is thought to be multifactorial and includes: Genetic susceptibility, Altered microbiome of the skin and gut, Neurocutaneous mechanisms, Impaired skin barrier. […] Triggers include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature change, exercise, spicy foods, alcohol, psychological stress, air pollution, and tobacco smoking. […] The most significant environmental trigger is UV radiation; affected skin is more sensitive to exposure. UV radiation can damage the dermis and increase skin inflammation.

• #66 All About Rosacea: Signs & Symptoms and Treatment | Rosacea.org

  https://www.rosacea.org/patients/all-about-rosacea

  Causes of Rosacea: […] Although the cause of rosacea remains unknown, researchers have now identified major elements of the disease process that may lead to significant advances in its treatment. Recent studies have shown that the facial redness is likely to be the start of an inflammatory continuum initiated by a combination of neurovascular dysregulation and the innate immune system. […] Beyond neurovascular and immune system factors, the presence of a microscopic mite called Demodex folliculorum has been considered as a potential contributor to rosacea. […] Other recent studies that have found associations between rosacea and increased risk for a growing number of potentially serious systemic diseases, suggesting that rosacea may be an outcome of systemic inflammation.

• #67 Rosacea Causes, Symptoms, Acne, Skin Care, Cream, Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/rosacea/article.htm

  Rosacea is considered an incurable auto-inflammatory skin condition that waxes and wanes. […] The exact cause of rosacea is still unknown. The basic process seems to involve the dilation of the small blood vessels of the face. […] Currently, health researchers believe that rosacea patients have a genetically mediated reduction in the ability to dampen facial inflammation that is incited by environmental factors such as: Sunburn, Demodicosis (Demodex folliculorum in the hair follicles), Flushing, Certain medications. […] Rosacea tends to affect the „blush” areas of the face and is more common in people who flush easily. […] Additionally, a variety of triggers is known to cause rosacea to flare, including: Emotional factors (stress, fear, anxiety, embarrassment, etc.) may trigger blushing and aggravate rosacea, Changes in the weather, like strong winds or a difference in the humidity can cause a flare-up, Sun exposure and sun-damaged skin are associated with rosacea, Exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, emotional upsets, and spicy food are other well-known triggers that may aggravate rosacea. […] Recently, there has been an association noted between rosacea and certain auto-inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular disease.

• #68 Rosacea: An Overview of Its Etiological Factors, Pathogenesis, Classification and Therapy Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6179/3/4/19

  Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition. […] Rosacea has several triggers, and its pathogenesis involves multiple factors, which means there are several treatment options, and these options can be combined. […] The pathogenesis of rosacea is complex and involves a variety of factors that can trigger both inflammatory and vascular responses. […] Rosacea skin has higher levels of TLR-2, KLK-5, cathelicidin, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) than healthy skin. […] In rosacea patients, keratinocytes produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines when TLR-2 is activated by triggering factors, leading to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes such as IL (interleukin)-8, IL-1b, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α. […] The relationship between TLRs and B cells involves mechanisms where TLR activation is necessary for certain antigen-specific antibody responses in B cells, and TLR agonists stimulate the differentiation of plasma cells from B cells.

• #69 Rosacea: An Overview of Its Etiological Factors, Pathogenesis, Classification and Therapy Options

  https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6179/3/4/19

  Demodex folliculorum is the predominant microbial agent within the skin that is commonly associated with the development of rosacea. […] Helicobacter pylori may have an effect on increasing ROS, leading to inflammation in the gut. […] Genetic factors are implicated in the manifestation of rosacea based on familial studies. […] The etiopathogenesis of rosacea has revealed its association with neurovascular components, which have been elucidated in recent years. […] Psychological factors play roles in rosacea, where emotions of embarrassment or laughter can initiate flushing.

• #70 Rosacea: A Misunderstood, Serious Medical Condition

  https://www.ahdbonline.com/payer-perspectives-in-dermatology/1469-article-1469

  Del Rosso and colleagues recently elaborated on what they call the 2 inherent characteristics of rosacea-prone skin: neurovascular dysregulation and inflammation that produce physiochemical and structural changes in the skin. […] With this hyperreactive immune system as background, environmental triggers can incite an exaggerated immune response. This triggering of the innate immune response system induces a signaling cascade of inflammatory factors that lead to chronic inflammation and an altered vascular state. […] In explaining the facial erythema (or redness) of rosacea, Del Rosso and colleagues pulled all these factors together to construct a picture of inflammation and vascular reactivity that includes an augmented innate immune response (ie, an increase in TLR2, cathelicidin precursors and peptides, and kallikrein-5); changes in the vasculature (ie, increased vascular endothelial growth factor, increased mast cells, and downstream effects of LL-37); neurovascular dysregulation (ie, vascular response, vasodilation, and neurosensory symptoms); dermal matrix degradation (ie, an increase in reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases, and a decrease in antioxidant reserve); vasodilation (ie, neurovascular dysfunction and increased nitric oxide leading to dilation and increased blood flow); and rosacea dermatitis (ie, stratum corneum barrier dysfunction and an increase in cytokines).

• #71 Causes of Rosacea: Introduction | Rosacea.org

  https://www.rosacea.org/patients/causes-of-rosacea/introduction

  Although the exact cause of rosacea is unknown, various theories about the disorder’s origin have evolved over the years. […] The range of possible causes has included defects in the immune system, nervous system and facial blood vessels, and the presence of microbes and Demodex mites. […] Anecdotal evidence also suggests that a susceptibility to developing the disorder may be inherited, and genetic studies are now under way. […] Today, increased research in rosacea, including a multitude of studies supported by the National Rosacea Society (NRS), is yielding a growing body of scientific information that not only identifies vital new areas of study, but better defines the potentially meaningful aspects of long-standing theories. […] As expanding knowledge forms a mosaic that increasingly reveals the origins and disease process of rosacea, this greater understanding may lead to important advances in its treatment, prevention and potential cure. […] To learn more, read about what medical research has discovered to date on the potential causes of rosacea: Innate immune system, Neurovascular system, Vascular changes, Demodex mites microbes, Genetics, Other theories.

• #72 Rosacea

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rosacea/

  It’s not known what causes rosacea, but some things can make symptoms worse. […] Rosacea is not caused by poor hygiene and it’s not contagious.

• #73 Rosacea: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000879.htm

  Rosacea is a chronic skin problem that makes your face turn red. It may also cause swelling and skin sores that look like acne. […] The cause is not known. You may be more likely to have this if you are: Age 30 to 50, Fair-skinned, A woman. […] Rosacea causes swelling of the blood vessels just under the skin. It may be linked with other skin disorders (acne vulgaris, seborrhea) or eye disorders (blepharitis, keratitis). […] There is no known cure for rosacea. […] Rosacea is not acne and will not improve with over-the-counter acne treatment. […] Rosacea is a harmless condition, but it may cause you to be self-conscious or embarrassed. It cannot be cured, but may be controlled with treatment.

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