Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mitral valve prolapse – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355452

  Most people with mitral valve prolapse, particularly people without symptoms, don’t require treatment. […] If you have severe mitral valve regurgitation, medications or surgery may be needed even if you don’t have symptoms. […] Medications may be needed to treat irregular heartbeats or other complications of mitral valve prolapse. […] Most people with mitral valve prolapse don’t need surgery. But surgery may be recommended if mitral prolapse causes severe mitral valve regurgitation, whether or not you have symptoms. […] Surgery for a diseased or damaged mitral valve includes mitral valve repair or mitral valve replacement. Mitral valve repair is preferred because it saves the existing valve. […] Valve repair and replacement may be done using open-heart surgery or minimally invasive surgery.

• #1 Mitral valve prolapse – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355452

  During mitral valve repair surgery, the surgeon might remove excess tissue from the prolapsed valve so the flaps can close tightly. […] If mitral valve repair isn’t possible, the valve may be replaced. During mitral valve replacement surgery, a surgeon removes the mitral valve and replaces it with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue (biological tissue valve).

• #2 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17241-mitral-valve-prolapse

  Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common heart issue with floppy valve leaflets that dont close tightly. Its harmless for most people, but can become dangerous if it leads to severe mitral regurgitation (leaky valve). People with severe regurgitation may need valve repair or replacement. […] Many people with mitral valve prolapse dont need treatment. If you have a mild form, your provider may simply monitor you with regular checkups. They may prescribe beta-blockers to help manage symptoms like dizziness or heart palpitations. […] Surgery or a transcatheter procedure may be the best mitral valve prolapse treatment for some people. The most effective approach depends on many individual factors. Surgical/procedural options include: Mitral valve repair. Your surgeon repairs your valve to help it function as it should. A repair allows you to keep your valve and avoid some risks and complications of valve replacement. Mitral valve replacement. For some people, getting a new valve is the best or only option. Your surgeon will explain why, as well as the different types of valves you could receive (mechanical or biological). Minimally invasive mitral valve repair. With a small incision, this is less invasive than open-heart surgery. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement. Working with a catheter through a blood vessel, this option uses a smaller incision than other procedures.

• #2 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17241-mitral-valve-prolapse

  About 1 in 10 people with mitral valve prolapse need to have a surgeon repair or replace their valve. You may need valve repair or replacement if: Your symptoms are getting worse over time. Your mitral valve is too leaky (severe regurgitation). Tests show your heart is becoming enlarged (left ventricular and/or left atrial dilation). Valve problems and other issues like high blood pressure can cause your left atrium or left ventricle to get bigger. You develop an arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm). Your heart cant pump enough blood out to your body. If your ejection fraction (how much blood your left ventricle can pump out) gets too low, it can lead to heart failure.

• #3 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Diagnosis & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/treatment

  Mitral valve prolapse usually isn’t dangerous but may require treatment. […] However, if your prolapse is severe enough, you may need treatment to alleviate more serious symptoms and prevent your MVP from causing other, more dangerous, conditions, like heart failure and atrial fibrillation. […] In most cases, treatment for mitral valve prolapse is limited to managing symptoms since the condition isn’t dangerous and symptoms are often mild. In more severe cases, surgery for mitral valve prolapse may be necessary. […] Medications for mitral valve prolapse usually treat symptoms, not the underlying cause. […] If the prolapse is severe, the treatment is surgery. […] Mitral valve surgery may be the best option for severe cases of mitral valve prolapse with significant mitral valve regurgitation.

• #3 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Diagnosis & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/treatment

  Mitral valve repair: When possible, your care team will adjust your existing valve to help it function correctly. […] Mitral valve replacement: If repair isn’t possible or isn’t the best option, the surgeon may replace your mitral valve with a new one. […] Transcatheter mitral valve replacement or repair: For patients who aren’t candidates for traditional surgery, transcatheter mitral valve interventions may be considered. […] Mitral valve surgery generally takes four hours to perform and can use minimally invasive techniques to reduce complications and speed up recovery time. […] If you have severe mitral valve prolapse, you may need to limit certain kinds of exercise, even though physical activity is generally good for the heart. […] If you need treatment, it’s common for patients who get mitral valve prolapse surgery to live as long as those without valve disorders.

• #4 Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment Options and Outcomes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mitral-valve-prolapse-treatment

  Mitral valve prolapse treatment aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the quality of life of people who have blood that leaks back into their hearts left atrium. […] Many people with MVP dont experience symptoms, but treatment is necessary for those who do. […] Medications are often the first line of treatment for mitral valve prolapse to manage symptoms and prevent complications. […] Additionally, doctors often prescribe angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) to treat mitral regurgitation from MVP. […] Mitral valve repair surgery involves fixing the existing valve to ensure it functions correctly. […] When a repair isnt possible, a cardiologist may recommend mitral valve replacement surgery. […] Not every person requires mitral valve prolapse treatment.

• #4 Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment Options and Outcomes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/mitral-valve-prolapse-treatment

  However, treatment becomes necessary if you have severe symptoms, including significant shortness of breath, chest pain, or palpitations, as well as if you have: severe mitral regurgitation leading to heart failure, atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat) that can lead to blood clot formation, increasing the risk of stroke, possible heart failure, with signs, like fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs (edema). […] The effectiveness of mitral valve prolapse treatment depends on several factors, including: the type of treatment, your age, the severity of your condition, the presence of other medical conditions. […] Mitral valve prolapse treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent complications through medications or surgical procedures, such as mitral valve repair surgery. […] Although treatment effectiveness may vary, with appropriate management, the outlook is generally good.

• #5 Treatment for mitral valve prolapse

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/mitral-valve-prolapse-treatments

  Mitral valve prolapse treatments include medication to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, and in people with severe cases, surgical intervention to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] Many individuals with mitral valve prolapse do not need treatment. However, if they have symptoms or a large amount of blood is backflowing into the left atrium, doctors may suggest medications or surgery. […] People with mitral valve prolapse who develop arrhythmias may benefit from beta-blockers, such as propranolol. These medications help the heart beat regularly and improve blood flow. Other medications may include aspirin or other blood thinners to reduce the risk of blood clots, diuretics to remove excess sodium and fluid, and vasodilators to relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow. […] Doctors may recommend surgery if the prolapse is more severe, worsening, or the heart is weakening. Surgeons can use open-heart surgery or less invasive techniques to repair or replace the abnormal mitral valve. Usually, doctors prefer valve repair over replacement, as repairs are less likely to weaken the heart muscle or cause an infection.

• #6 Mitral Valve Prolapse and Repair | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/heart-and-vascular/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-prolapse

  A heart valve problem is a like a mechanical failure of any valve (or the broken strings on a parachute). It doesnt heal on its own and go away. […] Medications have little effect. They may be used to reduce symptoms, for example using diuretics to remove fluid. But the valve is still broken, and it still leaks. […] When the leak is grade 3 or 4, especially if there are symptoms from the valve leak, then therapy is considered. Two options are: Transcatheter mitral valve therapy, Surgical mitral valve repair, which is described below. […] Surgery to repair mitral valve prolapse is generally considered to be the safest, most successful heart operation in adults. Northwestern Medicine has published the most durable results ever published for mitral valve prolapse repair. […] Surgeons have a variety of ways to successfully repair a mitral valve. The most common way involves removing the segment of the valve where the strings (chordae tendineae) broke.

• #6 Mitral Valve Prolapse and Repair | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/heart-and-vascular/conditions-and-treatments/mitral-valve-prolapse

  When the repair is complete, the valve is returned to its normal shape and supported by the ring. The ring becomes covered with cells so that blood thinners are not required. The goal is to ensure that the leaflets overlap the right amount not too much and not too little. This leads to long-term ideal function. […] Northwestern Medicine offers many approaches to this surgery. Patients are put on a heart-lung machine, but surgery can be done through a small incision in the middle of the chest or through small incisions in the right chest. In some cases, robotic surgery can be an option. You should discuss with your surgeon which approach is best for you. Our goal is always to choose the safest option that is most likely to give you the best long-term result. […] Most patients will never need another procedure on the mitral valve. A Northwestern Medicine study showed that fewer than 1 in 100 patients needed a second procedure by 10 years after surgery.

• #7 Mitral Valve Prolapse – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470288/

  MVP patients with no symptoms often require no treatment. MVP patients with symptoms of dysautonomia (chest pain, palpitations) should be treated with beta-blockers such as propranolol. MVP with severe mitral regurgitation may benefit from mitral valve repair or mitral valve replacement. ACC/AHA guidelines recommend mitral valve repair before symptoms of congestive heart failure develop. Individuals with MVP are at high risk for bacterial endocarditis. Until 2007, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommended prescribing antibiotics before invasive procedures, including dental surgery. Newer AHA guidelines recommend prophylaxis for dental procedures only should be advised for patients who have other cardiac conditions, which put them at the highest risk of adverse outcomes from infective endocarditis.

• #8 Current Management of Mitral Valve Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0601/p3343.html

  Patients with MVP and palpitations associated with mild tachyarrhythmias or increased adrenergic symptoms and those with chest pain, anxiety or fatigue often respond to therapy with beta blockers.3 Orthostatic symptoms related to postural hypotension and tachycardia are best treated with volume expansion, preferably by increasing fluid and salt intake. Mineralocorticoid therapy may be needed in severe cases. Wearing support stockings may also be helpful.17 […] Daily aspirin therapy (80 to 325 mg per day) is recommended for patients with MVP who have a history of focal neurologic events and who are in sinus rhythm but have no atrial thrombi. Such patients should also avoid smoking cigarettes and taking oral contraceptives. […] Long-term anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (Coumadin) is recommended for patients with MVP who have had a stroke and those who have recurrent transient ischemic attacks while on aspirin therapy (the International Normalized Ratio [INR] should be maintained between 2 and 3).24 In MVP patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin therapy is recommended for those 65 years or older and those with mitral regurgitation, hypertension or a history of heart failure (INR: 2 to 3). Aspirin therapy is sufficient in patients with atrial fibrillation who are 65 years or younger and who have no history of hypertension or heart failure. Daily aspirin use is often recommended for patients with high-risk characteristics (increased LA or LV size, LV dysfunction or severe mitral regurgitation) noted on echocardiogram.2

• #8 Current Management of Mitral Valve Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0601/p3343.html

  Patients who have severe mitral regurgitation with symptoms or impaired LV systolic function require cardiac catheterization and evaluation for mitral valve surgery. A thickened, redundant mitral valve can often be repaired rather than replaced, with lower operative mortality and excellent short- and long-term results.2,2527 Follow-up studies also suggest a lower risk of thrombosis and endocarditis with valve repair rather than replacement.

• #9 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.medicinenet.com/mitral_valve_prolapse/article.htm

  People with severe prolapse, abnormal heart rhythms, fainting spells, significant palpitations, chest pain, and anxiety attacks may need medication. Beta-blockers, such as atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor), and propranolol (Inderal), are the drugs of choice. These act by increasing the size of the left ventricle, thereby reducing the degree of prolapse. The calcium blockers verapamil (Calan) and diltiazem (Cardizem) are useful in people who cannot tolerate beta-blockers. […] Although most patients with mitral valve prolapse require no treatment or treatment with oral medications, the prognosis is usually good. Rarely, surgery for mitral valve replacement or repair may be required. People who require surgery usually have severe mitral regurgitation causing worsening heart failure and progressive heart enlargement. Rarely, rupture of one or more chordae can cause sudden, severe mitral regurgitation and heart failure requiring surgical repair.

• #9 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.medicinenet.com/mitral_valve_prolapse/article.htm

  Mitral valve repair is preferable, if possible, to mitral valve replacement as the surgical treatment for mitral valve regurgitation. After mitral valve replacement, lifelong blood thinning medications are necessary to prevent blood from clotting on the artificial valves. After mitral valve repair, these blood-thinning medications are unnecessary. Due to the success of valve repair, it is being performed earlier in people with mitral regurgitation, thus reducing the risk of abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, and death.

• #10 Mitral Valve Disease Treatment and Recovery | AdventHealth Orlando

  https://www.adventhealth.com/hospital/adventhealth-orlando/blog/mitral-valve-disease-treatment-and-recovery

  MVP usually doesn’t need to be treated because its rarely a serious condition and it doesn’t damage the heart. Regular checkups with your doctor are advised, though. […] If you have heart rhythm changes, you may need medicines to control fast heart rhythms or irregular heartbeats. In most cases, youll also need to limit stimulants, such as caffeine and nicotine, to control symptoms. […] If you have atrial fibrillation or severe left atrial enlargement, you may need treatment with an anticoagulant in order to keep blood clots from forming. This can be in the form of aspirin, Warfarin therapy or other blood thinners. […] If severe mitral regurgitation is from a floppy mitral flap, tear of the cords, or extreme lengthening of the valve, you may need transcatheter mitral valve repair, surgical repair, or valve replacement.

• #11 Mitral Valve Prolapse

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse/

  Treatment of mitral valve prolapse depends on the severity of your condition, whether you’re experiencing signs and symptoms, and if your condition is getting worse. If your symptoms are mild or you aren’t experiencing symptoms, your doctor may monitor your condition with regular follow-up appointments. Other treatment options include: […] All patients with heart valve disease should talk to their doctor about the managed risk of getting infective endocarditis. This infection can greatly damage or destroy the heart valves, and can be fatal. Recommended changes include: […] Antiarrhythmic medications will help control your hearts rhythm. Anticoagulants blood-thinners will help treat, prevent, and reduce blood clots. Beta blockers will help reduce your blood pressure. Diuretics water pills will help reduce the amount of fluid retention in your body. […] Mitral valve repair or replacement.

• #12 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  Mitral valve regurgitation treatments […] The treatment for mitral valve regurgitation depends on the severity of the condition and whether it is causing symptoms. The first step is determining whether you have mild or severe regurgitation and whether it involves degenerative mitral valve disease. For patients with degenerative valve disease, our centers offer the latest in minimally invasive and surgical repair techniques. […] For more severe cases of mitral valve regurgitation, treatment is often necessary to improve symptoms and prevent serious complications like congestive heart failure. […] Treatments for mitral valve regurgitation can include medicines called beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors (which lessen the workload on the heart), medicines that slow your heart rate, and medicines to manage symptoms like swelling.

• #12 Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Diagnosis & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment

  If mitral valve repair is not an option, your doctor may recommend mitral valve replacement surgery. This involves replacing the damaged valve with a mechanical or biological valve. […] Our centers are at the forefront of mitral valve repair and replacement, offering patients with degenerative valve disease the latest advancements in treatment to restore heart function and improve quality of life. […] Surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve can often provide a long-term solution for mitral valve regurgitation, offering durable treatment and the potential for returning to a normal life expectancy. In certain cases, less invasive surgical and catheter-based treatments may also be suitable. These technologies are continuously advancing.

• #13 Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-treatment

  Medical therapy has a limited role in patients with primary mitral regurgitation (MR) from mitral valve prolapse (MVP) because the underlying process is a degenerative valve that requires intervention. Medical management should be focused on treating any concomitant hypertension and/or heart failure with guideline-directed medical therapy, especially in patients with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). […] Early referral to cardiothoracic surgery in a center experienced with mitral valve interventions is recommended. […] Asymptomatic patients with moderate-to-severe MR and LV enlargement, especially those with atrial fibrillation and/or pulmonary hypertension, should undergo surgery before LV function deteriorates. […] According to the 2020 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), guidelines on the treatment of patients with valvular heart disease, mitral valve surgery is indicated for asymptomatic patients with chronic severe primary MR and an LVEF of 60% or less and/or a LV end-systolic dimension (LVESD) of 40 mm or more (class 1 recommendation).

• #13 Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-treatment

  For patients who are surgical candidates and whose primary anatomic etiology of their MR is a degenerative disease, the ACC/AHA guidelines recommend mitral valve repair over mitral valve replacement if the repair will be successful and durable (class 1 recommendation). […] For patients with high or prohibitive surgical risk but otherwise meet criteria for mitral valve intervention, consideration can be given for a transcatheter-based approach with edge-to-edge repair if the valve anatomy is favorable and the patient’s life expectancy is at least 1 year (class 2a recommendation). […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is no longer recommended by the ACC/AHA guidelines for all patients with MVP, except those with a prior episode of endocarditis or if surgical or transcatheter repair or replacement has occurred.

• #13 Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet and Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155494-treatment

  Depending on the MVP severity, affected patients may be monitored regularly with a careful history, physical examination, and echocardiography when indicated. […] The timing of surgery for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) should consider the anatomy of the valve lesion, the likelihood of a successful repair, and the local surgical experience. […] In a study of 443 patients who underwent mitral valve repair for MVP, investigators found that preoperative atrial fibrillation was a predictor of long-term mortality and postoperative left ventricular dysfunction. […] Theoretically, heavy weightlifting may cause increased left ventricular wall tension and chordal extension, worsening prolapse, and regurgitation. Therefore, patients with MVP should avoid heavy weightlifting.

• #14 Problem: Mitral Valve Prolapse | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-mitral-valve-prolapse

  When mitral valve prolapse is severe enough to cause significant valve leakage, called “regurgitation,” it can lead to serious complications such as heart attack and stroke. This happens because when the valve leaks, it can cause the atrium to enlarge. An enlarged atrium may lead to heart rhythm problems such as atrial fibrillation, which may cause blood clots to form. When clots travel from the heart to the arteries or the brain, it can lead to a stroke or heart attack. […] The use of antibiotics before having a dental procedure is no longer recommended by the American Heart Association for people with mitral valve prolapse, regardless of whether they have associated symptoms.

• #14 Problem: Mitral Valve Prolapse | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-valve-problems-and-disease/heart-valve-problems-and-causes/problem-mitral-valve-prolapse

  In most cases, it’s harmless. Most people who have the condition are unaware of it and their health isn’t affected. However, in some cases treatment is required. […] In many instances, having MVP won’t impact your health and requires no treatment. Talk with your health care team about how to prevent complications from MVP based on your level of risk. If you’re prescribed medication, take it as directed. […] People with an abnormal mitral valve may need mitral valve repair or replacement if: Symptoms are getting worse, Mitral regurgitation becomes severe, The left ventricle or left atrium of the heart become enlarged, Arrhythmias develop, The heart function (ejection fraction) decreases. […] MVP rarely becomes a serious condition. However, in the most serious cases it can cause abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) that may eventually become life-threatening.

• #15 What You Should Know About Mitral Valve Prolapse | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0601/p3353.html

  Most people with mitral valve prolapse don’t need any treatment. In fact, this condition usually has no effect on your health. About two of every 100 people with this condition have complications. You may need surgery to fix the valve if your valve is too leaky or if you are having lots of symptoms. You may also have to limit your participation in competitive sports. Ask your doctor if you are in this group. […] If your mitral valve prolapse causes chest pains or other symptoms, your doctor might prescribe medicines such as beta blockers to make your symptoms better. […] Some people get an infection in the leaky valve when they have surgery or dental work. You might take antibiotics before surgery or dental work to prevent this infection. Remind your dentists and doctors that you have mitral valve prolapse so that you can get a prescription for antibiotics when you are going to have surgery or dental work.

• #16 What Should I Avoid If I Have Mitral Valve Prolapse?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/what-should-i-avoid-if-i-have-mitral-valve-prolapse

  While certain exercises are safe for people with mitral valve prolapse, choosing the right type of activity is important. […] The best exercise for mitral valve prolapse typically includes moderate aerobic activities, such as yoga, walking, or swimming. These exercises help improve cardiovascular health without putting excessive strain on the heart. […] Regular follow-ups with your doctor are important for monitoring your condition. […] Preventing complications from mitral valve prolapse may involve: regularly monitoring your heart health through echocardiograms, taking prescribed medications as directed by your doctor, maintaining a heart-healthy diet low in sodium and unhealthy fats, getting regular low to moderate intensity exercise, managing stress through relaxation techniques or therapy, avoiding stimulants, such as caffeine and certain medications, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption. […] Lifestyle adjustments for mitral valve prolapse may include avoiding certain medications, maintaining a heart-healthy diet, and avoiding stimulants like caffeine. Regular follow-ups with your doctor are also important for monitoring your condition and adjusting your treatment as needed.

• #16 What Should I Avoid If I Have Mitral Valve Prolapse?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/what-should-i-avoid-if-i-have-mitral-valve-prolapse

  Mitral valve prolapse often requires making some lifestyle adjustments to manage your symptoms and prevent complications. […] Regular exercise is generally safe for most people with mitral valve prolapse, but managing the condition often requires lifestyle changes, such as limiting caffeine and alcohol intake if you drink. Your doctor may also advise you to avoid medications that can raise blood pressure. […] Your doctor may prescribe medications to help manage your symptoms. Beta-blockers are often prescribed to reduce palpitations and control heart rate. […] A heart-healthy diet can help manage mitral valve prolapse. This diet involves: eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, prioritizing whole grains over refined grains, including lean proteins like fish and poultry, limiting saturated and trans fats, reducing sodium intake, avoiding sugar and processed foods.

• #17 Mitral Valve Prolapse | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/m/mitral-valve-prolapse.html

  MVP often doesn’t need to be treated. That’s because it is rarely a serious condition and it doesn’t damage the heart. Regular checkups with your healthcare provider are advised. […] If you have heart rhythm changes, you may need medicines that control fast heart rhythms or irregular heartbeats. In most cases, you will also need to limit stimulants, such as caffeine and nicotine, to control symptoms. […] If you have atrial fibrillation or severe left atrial enlargement, you may need treatment with an anticoagulant (blood thinner) to keep clots from forming. This medicine can be in the form of aspirin, warfarin therapy, or other blood thinners. […] If severe mitral regurgitation is from a floppy mitral leaflet, tear (rupture) of the cords, or extreme lengthening of the valve, you may need surgery to repair or replace the valve. […] MVP usually does not need to be treated. It is rarely a serious condition and it does not damage the heart. […] People with heart rhythm changes may need to be treated with medicines to control tachycardias (fast heart rhythms).

• #18 Mitral Valve Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/heart/mitral-valve-prolapse-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Mitral valve prolapse causes no problems for most people, so treatment is usually not needed. […] People who develop severe mitral regurgitation due to mitral valve prolapse often can benefit from surgery to repair or replace the leaky valve. For people with symptoms of congestive heart failure caused by mitral valve prolapse with mitral regurgitation, surgery is usually the best treatment. […] If no mitral regurgitation is present on an echocardiogram, symptoms of mitral valve prolapse rarely pose any risk. The best treatment for each person may vary, but can include: Exercise, Pain relievers, Relaxation and stress reduction techniques, Avoidance of caffeine and other stimulants. […] Beta-blockers, which are medications to slow the heart rate, may be helpful in people who have episodes of palpitations with a rapid heartbeat, known as tachycardia, with mitral valve prolapse.

• #19 Research Opportunities in the Treatment of Mitral Valve Prolapse

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9981237/

  Current triggers for intervention are based upon symptoms, LV dysfunction, left atrial remodeling, progressive LV remodeling, and high likelihood of surgical repair. […] MV repair is generally associated with low risk, superior late survival to valve replacement, and when performed before symptoms and before development of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, to restoration of life expectancy. However, early surgery remains a Class II indication for low-risk patients based on current valvular guidelines. […] Mechanistic studies to gain more insight into etiology and consequences of persistent LV dysfunction post-MV intervention. […] Clinical studies comparing persistent LV dysfunction post-MV surgery vs TEER. […] Clinical studies comparing MV intervention to watchful waiting in asymptomatic MVP patients with severe DMR, with a particular focus on the identification of LV inflammation, fibrosis, and postoperative LV dysfunction.

• #19 Research Opportunities in the Treatment of Mitral Valve Prolapse

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9981237/

  Given the adverse prognosis in a subset of MVP patients, imaging becomes essential to better understand mechanisms and identify those at higher risk. Moreover, recent genetic discoveries may provide additional clues to MVP mechanisms, with the potential for developing medical therapies. […] To engage the scientific community in identifying contemporary research opportunities in the treatment of MVP, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recently initiated a webinar-based workshop. The following research opportunities were discussed during the workshop: 1) improve management of DMR and associated LV systolic dysfunction; 2) prevent SCD in MVP; and 3) understand MVP mechanisms and progression through genetic studies and development of small and large animal models. […] Current consensus (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology) guidelines for treatment of MVP are predicated on confirmation of severe MR.

• #19 Research Opportunities in the Treatment of Mitral Valve Prolapse

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9981237/

  In light of the adverse prognosis related to severe mitral regurgitation, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death in a subset of patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), identifying those at higher risk is key. […] The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recently initiated a webinar-based workshop to identify contemporary research opportunities in the treatment of MVP. This report summarizes 3 specific areas in the treatment of MVP that were the focus of the workshop: 1) improving management of degenerative mitral regurgitation and associated left ventricular systolic dysfunction; 2) preventing sudden cardiac death in MVP; and 3) understanding the mechanisms and progression of MVP through genetic studies and small and large animal models, with the potential of developing medical therapies.

• #20 Non-surgical Management | Mitral Valve Repair Center

  https://www.mitralvalverepair.org/non-surgical-management

  Mitral valve repair is the recommended surgical therapy for all prolapsing degenerative mitral valves. All prolapsing valves are repairable while using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Mitral valve replacement should not be an option. […] Current evidence from surgical cohorts suggests that mitral valve repair (assuming an operative mortality below 1%) yields a better outcome (survival and freedom from cardiac events) compared to the outcomes observed in non-surgically treated patients with severe regurgitation. […] It should be emphasized that the alternative to surgical therapy is, strictly speaking, not medical therapy, but observation, as there are no pharmacological options for treatment of severe mitral regurgitation. Data supporting the role of any medical treatment particularly vasodilators in the management of severe regurgitation due to degenerative mitral valve disease is scant. Indeed it has been suggested that vasodilator therapy can lead to paradoxical worsening in mitral regurgitation by shifting the prolapse earlier in the cardiac cycle. Vasodilator therapy can also mask left ventricular dysfunction and result in (potentially deleterious) delay to mitral valve surgery. According to current guidelines, there is little role for pharmacological treatment in the management of severe mitral regurgitation.

• #21 Mitral Valve Prolapse | Lehigh Valley Health Network

  https://www.lvhn.org/conditions/mitral-valve-prolapse

  Mitral valve treatment options at Lehigh Valley Heart Institute: MitraClip®: This device treats mitral valve regurgitation, or leaky valve, in patients who can’t undergo open-heart surgery. Your doctor uses a catheter-based approach to place the device, which clips and closes leaky valves. Heart valve replacement: Your doctor replaces a damaged heart valve with a mechanical valve or a biological valve made from heart tissue taken from a pig (porcine) or cow (bovine). Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR): A new transcatheter valve is inserted into the opening of the failed prosthetic valve and pushes the old valve leaflets aside. […] Mitral valve repair avoids the need for anticoagulants, reduces the risk for endocarditis (infection in the inner lining of the heart’s chambers and valves), and preserves overall ventricular function. […] After surgery to correct mitral valve prolapse, the team at Lehigh Valley Heart Institute is here to help you recover. Rehabilitation is an important part of your recovery. You will benefit from an individualized program of supervised exercise and health education that focuses on lifestyle changes.

• #22 Mitral Valve Prolapse | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/mitral-valve-prolapse

  Patients with MVP can be classified as at high or low risk of developing severe mitral regurgitation. […] Those with no symptoms, only mild regurgitation and stable examination findings, do not need treatment. These patients can be followed up conservatively. […] Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction can be treated with a trial of beta-blockers and abstinence from caffeine, alcohol and cigarettes. […] Patients at high risk need follow-up to monitor for progressive mitral regurgitation. If this occurs, the surgical repair or replacement of the valve may be needed, and the optimal timing of surgery must be considered. […] Valve surgery is indicated for patients with: symptomatic severe mitral regurgitation; patients who are asymptomatic but have LV enlargement (end-systolic diameter 45 mm) or reduced systolic function (ejection fraction 60%); severe mitral regurgitation with atrial fibrillation or pulmonary hypertension.

• #22 Mitral Valve Prolapse | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/mitral-valve-prolapse

  Management of MVP may include valve surgery. Mitral valve repair is associated with excellent long-term survival and remains superior to mitral valve replacement. […] The management of asymptomatic patients with severe mitral regurgitation but preserved LV function is controversial. However, there is a trend towards earlier surgical valve repair for patients with severe mitral regurgitation. This is because: there is a high success rate and durability of surgical repair; some research shows improved clinical outcomes with early intervention; occult LV dysfunction can precede symptoms; those with severe mitral regurgitation and a flail valve leaflet may benefit from early surgical repair.

• #23 Mitral Valve Prolapse/Repair | Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery | Washington University in St. Louis

  https://cardiothoracicsurgery.wustl.edu/patient-care/cardiac/mitral-valve-prolapse/

  Most patients with mitral valve prolapse have no symptoms or very mild symptoms and require no treatment. […] When symptoms of heart failure develop (shortness of breath, leg swelling, fatigue) or the heart begins to enlarge or weaken, patients are advised to have an operation to treat the leaky mitral valve. […] Traditionally, this treatment involved an operation to remove the leaky heart valve and replace it with an artificial valve made of animal tissue (pig or cow) or a mechanical/metallic valve. […] Mitral valve repair is a newer technique used to treat leaking mitral valves whether caused by mitral valve prolapse, heart attacks or other conditions. […] However, mitral valve repair has many advantages over replacement of the valve. […] More than 80% of patients with mitral valve leaks treated by WashU Medicine heart surgeons can have a successful valve repair instead of replacement.

• #24 Mitral Valve Repair and Treatment | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/mitral-valve-repair-and-treatment

  In patients with severe mitral valve prolapse, our doctors recommend repairing the valve instead of replacing it. Patients with repaired mitral valves live longer and have fewer complications. […] But many patients in the U.S. receive replacement valves instead. At the Frankel Cardiovascular Center, we repair 99% of those that can be repaired compared with 60% on average at other medical centers. […] Treatment options for mitral valve disease include: […] Sometimes, the most appropriate treatment is a nonsurgical approach that involves medications, lifestyle changes and monitoring. […] Most of the transcatheter approaches are in clinical trials and approved for people who are unable to tolerate open-heart surgery. […] Transcatheter techniques use catheters (thin tubes) to reach the heart. Catheter-based treatments don’t require surgery and large incisions, which leads to a shorter hospital stay, less pain and quicker recovery. […] Our doctors often use a minimally invasive surgical approach to repair or replace the mitral valve. […] In some cases, we recommend open-heart surgery for patients with severe mitral prolapse or multiple heart conditions, or for those who have had previous operations.

• #25 Mitral Valve Repair: Procedure & Recovery

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17240-mitral-valve-repair

  Mitral valve repair is a durable solution for treating mitral valve disease. Most people (95%) can go at least 10 years without needing another surgery. Almost as many (90%) can go 20 years. Most people dont need another mitral valve surgery after a successful repair. […] If your provider recommends surgery to repair your mitral valve, they believe the benefits of the surgery outweigh the risks. Its important to talk with your provider about your specific risks of having surgery and your chances of survival. Also, ask your provider what you may expect if you dont have the surgery.

• #26 Mitral valve regurgitation – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350183

  Other mitral valve repair procedures include: […] If a previously replaced mitral valve has a leak surrounding the artificial valve, a cardiologist may insert a device to stop the leak. […] During mitral valve replacement, the surgeon removes the mitral valve. It’s replaced with a mechanical valve or a valve made from cow, pig or human heart tissue. […] If you had mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve, you need to take blood thinners for life to prevent blood clots.

• #27 Mitral Valve Regurgitation Treatment Options | Temple Health

  https://www.templehealth.org/services/conditions/mitral-valve-regurgitation/treatment-options

  There are several strategies that your doctor may use to help manage your mitral valve regurgitation. In addition to lifestyle changes, your doctor may prescribe medications or refer you for a procedure to repair or replace your valve. […] When medicine and lifestyle changes aren’t an option for your mitral valve regurgitation, your doctor may suggest surgery to repair or replace the leaking valve. Surgeries that your doctor may suggest include: […] A new mechanical or tissue (from pig, cow, or human donor) valve replacement can be done.

• #28 Mitral Valve Regurgitation Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://www.thekeyholeheartclinic.com/services/valve-disorders/mitral-valve2/mitral-regurgitation/

  Mitral Regurgitation Treatment […] There are a few courses of action available in relation to mitral regurgitation treatment London. There is the traditional method of heart surgery, or more minimally invasive keyhole mitral valve surgery options. […] The traditional approach to valve replacement is via a full breastbone break. While the results are good, patients will experience more pain and discomfort via this method, and will have a longer recovery time. Experienced surgeons at The Keyhole Heart Clinic can perform the same operation through a smaller cut under the nipple in men, and under the breast in women without breaking any bone. This is called a minithoracotomy. This wound would heal within 7 to 10 days with no need to cut any bone. This approach can be used to repair or replace the mitral valve. We can also perform atrial fibrillation ablation and repair the tricuspid valve at the same time of needed. […] This is a new percutaneous therapy that is suitable only for patients who are deemed too risky for traditional heart surgery, and is only of value in high risk patients who are unsuitable for traditional or keyhole heart surgery via minithoracotomy. Therefore, we would not recommend it to all patients, and will tell you which surgery is best for you during your consultation. The treatment involves clipping the two leaflets together to try and reduce the mitral valve leak, and offer patients who would otherwise be unsuitable for any treatment a degree of symptomatic relief. […] Early treatment is key with this condition. For those with a severe mitral valve leak surgery will allow improvement in symptoms and a longer life after surgery. […] In patients with certain types of mitral valve abnormality, repair is advised even in the absence of symptoms. Fixing the issue early on is key, so if you experience any mitral regurgitation symptoms you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. If there is any doubt regarding the severity of the leak, then a test such as stress echocardiography (either medically induced or during mild exercise) is very valuable. Early surgery should certainly be performed if repair of the valve is possible, since this is far superior to replacement. If the valve is not repairable, then replacement should be considered when symptoms develop, or if there is evidence of heart enlargement, atrial fibrillation, or pulmonary hypertension.

• #29 Mitral Valve Prolapse | Valvular Heart Disease

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/heart-vascular/valvular-heart-disease/mitral-valve-prolapse

• #30 Treating mitral valve regurgitation – Mayo Clinic Health System

  https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/treating-mitral-valve-regurgitation

  Mitral valve regurgitation is the most common type of valvular heart disease in the U.S. The prevalence of the condition increases with age. About 10% of adults over 75 have mitral valve regurgitation. […] Severe, symptomatic mitral valve regurgitation can weaken the heart and lower life expectancy if not treated. […] The goal of treatment is to improve heart function and reduce symptoms. This may include regular monitoring, medication, valve repair or valve replacement. […] For severe cases, the healthcare team may recommend repairing a leaky valve with open heart mitral valve repair or replacement surgery. In suitable patients, the mitral valve also can be repaired without open heart surgery using a catheter-based endovascular procedure. […] Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, or TEER, of the mitral valve is an alternative to traditional open-heart surgery to treat a leaky valve. The minimally invasive procedure is performed in a cardiac catheterization lab. […] A TEER procedure may be a good option if you have severe mitral valve regurgitation, aren’t a good candidate for open-heart surgery, or have heart failure with mitral valve regurgitation due to heart enlargement.

• #31 Mitral regurgitation treatment now can be minimally invasive | Norton Healthcare Louisville, Ky.

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/mitral-regurgitation-treatment/

  A minimally invasive mitral regurgitation treatment to repair the mitral valve is now available, giving a new option to patients who may not be able to tolerate conventional open heart surgery to fix the valve. […] “Heart surgery is still the recommended treatment for patients with moderate to severe mitral valve regurgitation or those with severe valvular disease,” said D. Sean Stewart, M.D., medical director of interventional cardiology at Norton Heart & Vascular Institute and medical director of the Norton Heart & Vascular Institute Structural Heart Program. “Patients who haven’t found relief from other treatments and are too sick to undergo surgery are benefitting from this new option.” […] Norton Heart & Vascular Institute interventional cardiologists can repair the mitral valve by threading a thin catheter through blood vessels. The procedure is known as transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr). At the site of the mitral valve, a tool on the end of the catheter places a clip, MitraClip, on the two mitral valve leaflets. Since the heart is still beating, interventional cardiologists assess how well the clip is working and can adjust its position until the regurgitation is minimized if not eliminated. […] Open heart surgery to replace the valve isn’t an option for some patients, and TMVR, also known as a valve-in-valve replacement, performed by a Norton Heart & Vascular Institute cardiothoracic surgeon or interventional cardiologist, can improve quality of life dramatically.

• #32 MitraClip – Mitral Regurgitation Treatment | Patient Site

  https://mitraclip.com/

  In a clinical study called COAPT, heart failure patients with mitral regurgitation who were treated with MitraClip and medication experienced improvements over those treated with medication alone. […] The COAPT trial demonstrated that MitraClip: Saves lives: 33% relative risk reduction in mortality; Reduces hospitalizations for heart failure: 51% relative risk reduction in heart failure hospitalization; Can help you feel better: 2.5x more likely to experience a large improvement in quality of life; Is safe and well tolerated: 96.6% freedom from device-related complications at 12 months.

• #33 Stem Cell Treatment for Mitral Prolapse, Heart Valve Treatment, Stem Cell Clinic, CostaRica

  https://stemcellstransplantinstitute.com/2021/01/17/stem-cell-therapy-for-mitral-prolapse/

  Stem Cell Therapy For Mitral Prolapse […] When heart valves are seriously damaged, they cannot be fixed; the only option left is replacement surgery. […] Experimental studies showed that cardiac transfer of progenitor and stem cells can have a beneficial impact on contractile performance and tissue perfusion of the injured heart. […] The stem cells, which are mostly taken from bone marrow, can be inserted into the heart with the help of a catheter. Once placed, stem cells help in the regeneration of damaged heart tissue. […] Using cellular therapies, researchers hope to replace or repair heart tissue and valves. Unlike the other treatments listed above, stem cell therapy provides a durable treatment for heart problems, rather than just the symptom-focused treatment. […] At the stem cell transplant institute, we are offering stem cell therapy for remodeling damaged heart tissues and treating cardiac diseases including mitral valve prolapse.

• #34 Mount Sinai Team Pioneers a Multidisciplinary Treatment of Mitral Valve Prolapse

  https://reports.mountsinai.org/article/card2022-3-_mitral

  A team at Mount Sinai Heart has developed a novel approach integrating open-heart cryoablation and mitral valve repair during one operation. The surgical strategy represents a breakthrough in treating patients with arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse. […] Long considered benign in many cases, mitral valve prolapse is now recognized as a more significant risk factor in sudden cardiac death, says Marc Miller, MD, a Cardiac Electrophysiologist and Associate Professor of Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. […] Based on the patients frequent, complex ventricular ectopy and progressively worse mitral regurgitation, Dr. Adams used a groundbreaking surgical approach by performing concomitant intraoperative papillary muscle cryoablation under direct vision during the planned mitral valve repair surgery, addressing both the valve dysfunction and the source of the triggering PVCs at the same time.

• #35 Natural treatments for mitral valve prolapse | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/complementary-and-alternative-medicine/natural-treatments-mitral-valve-prolapse

  Natural treatments for mitral valve prolapse (MVP) focus on managing symptoms and promoting cardiovascular health without conventional medical interventions. One key natural treatment proposed is magnesium, which may help alleviate symptoms such as chest pain and anxiety, especially in individuals with low magnesium levels. […] Additional treatments may target anxiety-related symptoms, incorporating practices like acupuncture and herbal remedies such as valerian and passionflower. It is also advised for individuals with MVP to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and avoiding stimulants like caffeine and alcohol, to help prevent symptom progression. […] Conventional treatment for MVP involves regular monitoring for mitral regurgitation and maintenance of normal weight and blood pressure to avoid excess strain on the valve. In addition, people with MVP are given antibiotics before surgical or dental procedures.

• #35 Natural treatments for mitral valve prolapse | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/complementary-and-alternative-medicine/natural-treatments-mitral-valve-prolapse

  Low levels of magnesium can cause some symptoms similar to dysautonomia. One study evaluated 141 people with MVP and dysautonomia and found that 60 percent had low magnesium levels in the blood. […] Magnesium supplementation could help treat such symptoms. However, more studies are necessary to validate this promising possibility. […] In general, magnesium has been shown to play an essential role in cardiovascular health, and individuals at risk for cardiovascular problems like mitral valve prolapse may benefit from increasing their intake of magnesium-rich foods like spinach, dark chocolate, legumes, and avocados or from supplementing their diet with magnesium orotate. […] Various herbs and supplements thought to help the heart in miscellaneous ways (such as treating congestive heart failure or preventing coronary artery disease) are often recommended for MVP, too, on general principles.

• #35 Natural treatments for mitral valve prolapse | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/complementary-and-alternative-medicine/natural-treatments-mitral-valve-prolapse

  A variety of other natural treatments are used to treat anxiety-related dysautonomia symptoms. These treatments include 5-hydroxytryptophan, acupuncture, hops, kava, lemon balm, melatonin, multivitamin-multimineral supplements, passionflower, and valerian. […] To ensure MVP does not progress, patients with MVP should avoid sugar, caffeine, and alcohol. Getting regular exercise and avoiding processed foods when possible is also advisable. […] Numerous herbs and supplements may interact adversely with drugs used to treat mitral valve prolapse. Magnesium supplements should not be used by individuals with renal insufficiency.

• #36 Mitral Valve Prolapse | UCSF Department of Surgery

  https://surgery.ucsf.edu/condition/mitral-valve-prolapse

  In mitral valve surgery, the valve is repaired or replaced completely. Valve repair is preferred when possible. Repair is less likely to weaken the heart. It also lowers the risk of infection and decreases the need for lifelong use of blood-thinning medicines. […] If repair isn’t an option, then the valve can be replaced. Mechanical valves and biological valves are available as replacement valves. […] After surgery, a patient usually stays in the intensive care unit in the hospital for 2 to 3 days. Overall, most people spend about 1 to 2 weeks in the hospital. Complete recovery takes a few weeks to several months, depending on your health before surgery.

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