Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Herpes Zoster: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132465-overview

  Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by VZV infection. VZV is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family; its genome encodes approximately 70 proteins. In humans, primary infection with VZV occurs when the virus comes into contact with the mucosa of the respiratory tract or conjunctiva. From these sites, it is distributed throughout the body. After primary infection, the virus migrates along sensory nerve fibers to the satellite cells of dorsal root ganglia where it becomes dormant. […] Reactivation of VZV that has remained dormant within dorsal root ganglia, often for decades after the patients initial exposure to the virus in the form of varicella (chickenpox), results in herpes zoster. Exactly what triggers this reactivation has not yet been determined precisely, but likely candidates (alone, or in combination) include the following: External reexposure to the virus, Acute or chronic disease processes (particularly malignancies and infections), Medications of various types, Emotional stress.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/shingles-(herpes-zoster)

  Shingles is a painful rash caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] Shingles occurs when the virus reactivates later in life, often when the immune system is weakened. […] The risk increases with age because the immune system tends to weaken, making it harder to keep the VZV suppressed. […] Conditions like HIV and AIDS, cancer, and organ transplantation, as well as medications that suppress the immune system, can increase the risk. […] Periods of high stress may temporarily weaken the immune system, potentially triggering a shingles outbreak. […] The primary treatment for shingles involves antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir. […] Antiviral medications are most effective if started within 72 hours of the rash appearing. […] The most common complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is persistent nerve pain that can last for months or even years after the rash has healed. […] The chickenpox vaccine (varicella vaccine) can reduce the risk of developing shingles later in life.

• #3 Overview: Shingles – InformedHealth.org – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279624/

  Anyone who has already had chickenpox can develop shingles later on. Both are caused by the same virus, known as the varicella-zoster virus. […] The disease is caused by varicella-zoster viruses that have stayed in the body after a chickenpox infection in the past. […] After a chickenpox infection clears up, the varicella-zoster viruses settle undetected in the nerve roots along the spinal cord or at the base of the skull. They remain there for the rest of your life, but usually go unnoticed. […] If the immune system is weakened for instance, as a result of a cold, extreme stress or older age the viruses may multiply again and move along the affected nerve, eventually reaching the skin. When the viruses multiply in skin cells, they cause inflammation and the typical shingles rash. The inflammation in the nerve is what causes the pain. […] People who have never had chickenpox can be infected with the varicella-zoster virus if they come into contact with the fluid from inside shingles blisters. The infection can then only cause chickenpox at first, and not shingles.

• #4 Shingles (Herpes Zoster): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11036-shingles

  Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] The chickenpox virus doesnt leave your body after you have chickenpox. Instead, the virus stays in a portion of your spinal nerve root called the dorsal root ganglion. […] Researchers aren’t always sure why the virus gets reactivated, but this typically occurs at times of stress. […] After having chickenpox, your body doesnt rid your system of the virus. Instead, the virus stays in a portion of the spinal nerve root called the dorsal root ganglion. […] Once you’ve had chickenpox, you could develop shingles at some point in your life. This is because the varicella-zoster virus never fully goes away after you’ve had chickenpox. It lies quietly inactive in your nerve tissue. Later in life, the virus may become active again and appears as shingles.

• #5 Shingles: Symptoms, treatment, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154912

  Shingles is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] Shingles result from VZV, the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the sensory ganglia of the cranial nerve or the dorsal root ganglia within the peripheral nervous system. […] Under the right conditions, the herpes zoster virus can reactivate, like waking up from hibernation, and travel down nerve fibers to cause a new active infection. […] What triggers this is not usually clear, but it may happen when something weakens the immune system, prompting the virus to reactivate.

• #6 Herpes Zoster – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441824/

  Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral syndrome caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. […] It is believed that zoster occurs due to the failure of the immune defense system to control the latent replication of the virus. The incidence of herpes zoster is strongly correlated to the immune status. […] Upon reactivation, the virus replicates in neuronal cell bodies, and virions shed from the cells which are carried down the nerve to the area of skin innervated by that ganglion. […] Triggers for herpes zoster include emotional stress, use of medications (immunosuppressants), acute or chronic illness, exposure to the virus, and presence of a malignancy.

• #7 Herpes zoster: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/herpes-zoster-shingles

  Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a viral infection caused by the reactivation of a dormant VZV quiescent in the sensory ganglia of people who have had chickenpox. […] Herpes zoster, or shingles, is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox when first infected. Once recovered, the VZV remains dormant in the sensory ganglia for decades without causing symptoms. […] As the body’s immunity deteriorates, the latent VZV reactivates by dividing, multiplying, and spreading along the nerve distribution of a sensory ganglion, resulting in nerve inflammation, pain along the sensory nerve, and a stripe of red rash on the skin, followed by clear fluid-filled blisters distributed in band-like distribution along the length of the sensory nerves, causing itching, burning pain, sharp neuropathic pain, headaches, and may be associated with fever. […] Everyone who has ever had chickenpox is at risk of developing herpes zoster.

• #8 Shingles: Causes and Risk Factors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/shingles-causes-risk-factors-4122383

  Varicella zoster virus reactivation isn’t well understood but there are theories. […] Shingles occurs when the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox, reactivates. Why the virus re-emerges isn’t entirely understood, but there are theories. […] The viral reactivation seems to have two main causes: a weakened immune system and stress. […] There is a clear association between shingles and weakened immunity to infection. […] People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of getting shingles. […] Your immune system naturally weakens with age, which is why the risk of shingles increases with age. […] Some studies reveal that stress causes the shingles virus to reactivate. […] Specifically, research shows that long-term stress increases inflammation and weakens the immune system. […] Because stress weakens the immune system, and a weakened immune system is a risk factor for shingles, some experts believe that stress indirectly triggers shingles. […] Note that many of these risk factors are as likely to apply to young people and children as they are to older people.

• #9 Causes of Shingles | American Geriatrics Society | HealthInAging.org

  https://www.healthinaging.org/a-z-topic/shingles/causes

  Shingles (herpes zoster) is caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus (varicella zoster) in the body. […] Once you have had chickenpox, the virus never leaves your body. The virus hides in the nerves beside the spinal cord. Years later, the virus can become active and move along those nerves to the skin. This causes the painful rash. Where the rash occurs depends on where the virus hides along a persons spine. […] The following factors increase your risk of getting shingles: Older age, especially being older than 60 years the older you are, the higher the risk. This is the primary risk factor. […] A weak immune system […] Physical and mental stress […] A chickenpox infection before reaching one year old.

• #10 What Causes Shingles to Activate and What to Do About It

  https://www.healthline.com/health/what-causes-shingles-to-activate

  People over 50 are most susceptible to developing shingles as the primary risk factor for shingles is a weakened immune system. […] The virus lies dormant when your immune system is strong. But if something causes you to become immunocompromised, the virus can reactivate. This triggers shingles. […] The primary risk factor associated with getting shingles is a weakened immune system. When your immune system isnt functioning properly, VZV can reactivate. […] Starting around age 50, your chance of getting shingles goes up. The severity of the disease and the risk of complications also increase with age. […] Its important to remember, too, that stress can negatively affect your immune system. […] The shingles occurs when the varicella-zoster virus is reactivated due to a weakened immune system. This can create a painful, blistering rash. The risk of getting shingles goes up with age, with increased likelihood after age 50.

• #11 What doctors wish patients knew about the shingles virus | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-shingles-virus

  The main reason for that is your immunity starts to decrease as you get older, he said. […] The other risk factors are if you’ve had any kind of transplantwhether it’s an organ transplant or even let’s say a bone marrow transplant for some kind of blood disorder or blood cancer, Dr. Bansal said. […] Additionally, if you have HIV or AIDS, that increases your risk, he said. […] One of the other weird things that has been uncovered is that for some reason people who are older, if they get some kind of head trauma, theyre more likely to get shingles than younger people who get head trauma, Dr. Bansal said. […] While the exact trigger for shingles is unknown, usually its some kind of stress, Dr. Bansal said. […] The shingles vaccine is recommended for people 50 years of age or older, and people over age 19 if you have certain immune conditions, Dr. Bansal said, noting it wouldnt be recommended if you are getting cancer treatment or it may interfere with some of the medicines youre on like chemotherapy and that sort of thing.

• #12 Shingles (Herpes Zoster) – NFID

  https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/shingles/

  Varicella zoster virus or varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of eight herpesviruses known to infect humans and vertebrates. VZV only affects humans, and commonly causes chickenpox in children, teens and young adults and herpes zoster (shingles) in adults and rarely in children. […] Shingles is caused by the herpes zoster virus the same virus that causes chickenpox. The virus stays inactive in the body for life and can reactivate years, or even decades later, causing shingles. […] The chance of getting shingles increases with age, which is why shingles vaccination is recommended for all healthy adults age 50 years and older. […] Shingles vaccination is recommended for all healthy adults age 50 years and older, and for adults age 19 years and older who have weakened immune systems because of disease or therapy. […] Even if you have already had shingles, the disease can come back. Those who have had shingles can still receive shingles vaccine to help prevent future occurrences of the disease. […] Antiviral drugs are available to treat shingles and shorten the duration and severity of the illness.

• #13

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/shingles/

  Physical or emotional stress, as well as fatigue, can weaken the immune system and trigger the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. […] Treatments that suppress the immune system, such as chemotherapy or long-term use of steroids, can increase the risk of shingles. […] Physical trauma or injury to a specific area of the body can sometimes lead to the development of shingles in that area, as it may affect the nerves and trigger viral reactivation.

• #14 Shingles: cause, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment – TeleMed2U

  https://www.telemed2u.com/infectious-disease/shingles

  Shingles is an infection that causes a painful rash and oozing blisters. Its caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox (varicella zoster) and is also called herpes zoster. […] If youve had chickenpox, the varicella zoster virus is still alive in your body. The virus is dormant (inactive) in the roots of nerves near your spine and brain. Its not known why shingles develop. Many shingles cases develop when a condition triggers the virus to become active again. […] Several of the conditions that can awaken the varicella zoster virus include: A weakened immune system – the most common cause, Being over age 50 – its more likely in older people, Living with extra stress, Having cancer, HIV AIDS, or any disease that weakens the immune system, Having a serious physical injury, Taking long-term steroids or other medications that weaken your immune system. […] However, some people develop shingles for unknown reasons. If youve had chickenpox, that does not guarantee youll eventually develop shingles.

• #15 Herpes Zoster: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132465-overview

  Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by VZV infection. VZV is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family; its genome encodes approximately 70 proteins. In humans, primary infection with VZV occurs when the virus comes into contact with the mucosa of the respiratory tract or conjunctiva. From these sites, it is distributed throughout the body. After primary infection, the virus migrates along sensory nerve fibers to the satellite cells of dorsal root ganglia where it becomes dormant. […] Reactivation of VZV that has remained dormant within dorsal root ganglia, often for decades after the patients initial exposure to the virus in the form of varicella (chickenpox), results in herpes zoster. Exactly what triggers this reactivation has not yet been determined precisely, but likely candidates (alone, or in combination) include the following: External reexposure to the virus, Acute or chronic disease processes (particularly malignancies and infections), Medications of various types, Emotional stress.

• #16 What causes shingles flare ups

  https://www.ajc.com/life/aging-in-atlanta/3-surprising-causes-of-shingles-flare-ups/GOORKSKAFNE7LOPNJMH3NUDKAI/

  Shingles occur in about 1 million people annually in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 3 people will develop the condition in their lifetime. It is also more common in people over 50, as the immune system can become less effective with age. […] It’s also important to note that shingles can only flare up if you have already been infected, as the virus remains in your body following recovery, Healthline reported. […] Emotional stress has been shown to weaken the immune system, Everyday Health reported. […] Shingles can flare-up, or reactivate, due to medications. Drugs taken to prevent transplanted organ rejection can increase shingles risk, the Mayo Clinic reported. Continued use of steroids, such as prednisone, which is used to treat inflammation, can also make shingles reactivate.

• #17 What Causes Shingles to Activate?

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-causes-shingles-to-activate-5224805

  Weakened immune system this may be the case after taking immunosuppressive medication after an organ transplant, undergoing chemotherapy, contracting HIV or AIDS, developing diabetes, or after a bone marrow transplant. […] Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a painful rash caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] Experts do not know what triggers a shingles outbreak, but it is theorized that high levels of stress and a weakened immune system may play a role in VZV reactivation because the immune system loses its ability to keep the virus in check. […] Large amounts of stress can lower immune function, lowering its ability to defend against viruses like VZV. Therefore, while stress does not directly cause shingles, it is associated with a higher rate of VZV reactivation.

• #18 What Usually Triggers Shingles? | InovoSpine

  https://www.inovospine.org/triggers-shingles

  Shingles is a painful and uncomfortable viral infection that causes a rash of small blisters to develop on the skin. This condition is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] While anyone who has had chickenpox may develop shingles, there are certain factors that can trigger the reactivation of the virus. This includes: A weakened immune system. This can occur due to a number of factors, including medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, or autoimmune disorders. Stress and anxiety can also weaken the immune system. Age. Shingles is more common in people over the age of 50 as the immune system weakens over time. Additionally, those who had chickenpox at a very young age are also more likely to develop shingles later in life. Certain medications. This includes drugs that suppress the immune system, such as chemotherapy drugs or steroids. Physical trauma or injury. This includes injuries such as burns or cuts, as well as more minor trauma such as sunburns. The virus can lie dormant in nerve tissue for years or even decades, and physical trauma can activate the virus and lead to a shingles outbreak. Exposure to the varicella-zoster virus. Such as through contact with someone with chickenpox or shingles. Its important to note, however, that shingles cannot be contracted directly from someone with shingles or chickenpox. Instead, contact with the fluid inside shingles blisters is what causes the disease.

• #19 Herpes Zoster: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1132465-overview

  Diminished cellular immunity seems to increase the risk of reactivation, in that the incidence increases with age and in immunocompromised persons. […] Zoster can be a presenting symptom of hyperparathyroidism, and it occurs twice as often (frequency, 3.7%) among patients with hypercalcemia as it does among age-matched cohorts of patients older than 40 years who have normal calcium levels. […] The cause of PHN also remains a mystery. Rapid initiation of treatment decreases the incidence of PHN substantially, an effect that can be explained by the theory that incessant pain of active zoster sets up a positive feedback loop within the thalamus and the cortex, creating a central pain syndrome similar to phantom leg pain. According to this theory, prompt treatment breaks the loop by providing pain-free periods early in the disease course.

• #20 Shingles: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/

  Shingles (also known as herpes zoster) results from infection by the varicella zoster virus. […] The causes of shingles are complex. Development of the condition is influenced by a combination of factors, including age, health, and genetics. […] The strongest risk factor for shingles is age. The varicella zoster virus is controlled by the immune system, particularly T cells that keep the virus from infecting other cells. As people age, growth and division (proliferation) of T cells are diminished, reducing the immune system’s ability to control the virus, which can allow its reactivation. Health factors that impair T cells can also trigger reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. […] The role of genetics in shingles is not clear. Several studies indicate that having a family member who developed the condition increases a person’s risk, suggesting a shared genetic risk factor, although other studies did not find such a link.

• #21 Shingles – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingles

  Shingles is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV) that also causes chickenpox. […] The causative agent for shingles is the varicella zoster virus (VZV) a double-stranded DNA virus related to the herpes simplex virus. […] Shingles occurs only in people who have been previously infected with VZV; although it can occur at any age, approximately half of the cases in the United States occur in those aged 50 years or older. […] Risk factors for reactivation of the dormant virus include old age, poor immune function, and having contracted chickenpox before 18 months of age. […] The disease results from virus particles in a single sensory ganglion switching from their latent phase to their active phase. […] Unless the immune system is compromised, it suppresses reactivation of the virus and prevents shingles outbreaks. […] Why this suppression sometimes fails is poorly understood, but shingles is more likely to occur in people whose immune systems are impaired due to aging, immunosuppressive therapy, psychological stress, or other factors.

• #22 What doctors wish patients knew about the shingles virus | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-shingles-virus

  Shingles is part of a virus called varicella zoster. So, there are two words in therevaricella and zosterand the reason is because it describes two different conditions, but it is the same virus, Dr. Bansal said, noting that varicella is the fancy name for chickenpox and zoster is the scientific name for shingles. […] What can happen is later on in life as you get older, as your immune system starts to wane because of age or other medical conditions, that virus can reactivate in your body and then it manifests or it presents as something called shingles, which is the rash. […] Basically, as you get older, the chance of you getting shingles increases. So, most people who get shingles are age 50 and above, Dr. Bansal said. And every 10 years above that, your chance of getting shingles increases.

• #23 Cause of Shingles | What Is Shingles?

  https://www.whatisshingles.com/what-causes-shingles/

  Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, also known as the varicella zoster virus. After a person has chickenpox, the virus stays in their body and becomes inactive. Years later, the virus can reactivate, causing shingles (also known as herpes zoster). […] Scientists dont know exactly what causes the virus to reactivate, but there may be multiple factors. As a person ages, their immune system begins to weaken and is less likely to prevent the virus from reactivating. […] Generally, people only develop shingles once, although it is possible to get shingles more than once. People with weakened immune systems are also more likely to get shingles. […] Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] The chickenpox virus can reactivate, causing shingles. […] You may be among the 99% of people over the age of 50 years who is at risk for shingles, since the virus that causes chickenpox also causes shingles when it reactivates. One in three people will get shingles in their lifetime.

• #24 Causes and Risk Factors of Shingles

  https://www.health.com/shingles-causes-and-risk-factors-6951379

  Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which also causes chickenpox. […] It’s unclear whether shingles is hereditary. Having a parent or sibling who has had shingles may increase your risk of developing the infection. […] The virus lies latent (inactive) in your body after you have chickenpox, which may happen during childhood but not always. The virus can be reactivated as shingles later in life, especially if your immune system is weak. […] About one in three people in the United States will develop shingles at some point. […] Other risk factors for shingles include having other conditions like diabetes, cancer, and HIV, as well as experiencing stress and physical trauma. People who have a weak immune system are also more at risk than others.

• #25 Shingles: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/shingles/

  Genes that help regulate the immune system have been found in some studies to be associated with the development of shingles or of PHN after shingles. In particular, the risk of developing PHN appears to be increased by certain variants of genes that belong to a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. […] It is unclear if certain HLA variations also play a role in the development of shingles.

• #26 Recurrent shingles: Symptoms, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/recurrent-shingles

  Most people who develop shingles, also known as herpes zoster, only experience it once in their lifetime. However, it is possible to get shingles more than once. […] The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes shingles and chickenpox. A person can only develop shingles if they have had chickenpox. After they recover from chickenpox, the virus remains inactive in their body. […] Stress, some medications, and certain health conditions can reactivate the virus and trigger shingles symptoms. When shingles occurs more than once, doctors refer to it as recurrent shingles. […] Various factors that impair the immune system in some way can increase a persons risk of recurrent shingles. Risk factors for recurrence may include: reexposure to VZV, medication that suppresses the immune system, such as chemotherapy, corticosteroids, biologics, underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, particularly leukemia and lymphoma, HIV. […] Recurrent shingles may be a sign that someone has an underlying health condition that is weakening their immune system. […] Risk factors for recurrent shingles may include immunosuppressant medications and conditions that affect the immune system, such as HIV.

• #27 Shingles – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/herpesvirus-infections/shingles

  Unlike herpes simplex virus infections, which can recur many times, there is usually only one outbreak of shingles in a person’s lifetime. Fewer than 6% of people have more than one outbreak. […] Shingles may develop at any age but is most common after age 50. The chance of developing shingles increases as people age.

• #28 About Shingles (Herpes Zoster) | Shingles (Herpes Zoster) | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/shingles/about/index.html

  Shingles is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. Once a person has chickenpox, the virus stays in their body. The virus can reactivate later in life and cause shingles. […] You can get chickenpox from someone who has shingles if you never had chickenpox or never got chickenpox vaccine. You could then develop shingles later in life. […] People who never had chickenpox or didn’t get chickenpox vaccine can get infected with VZV from someone who has shingles.

• #29 Shingles (herpes zoster)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/shingles/fact_sheet.htm

  Shingles, also called herpes zoster or zoster, is a painful skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. […] After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains inactive in the body. Usually, the virus does not cause any further problems; however, the virus may re-emerge years later, causing shingles. […] The risk of getting shingles increases as a person gets older. People who have medical conditions that keep the immune system from working properly, like cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, or people who receive drugs that weaken the immune system, such as steroids and drugs given after organ transplantation, are also at greater risk to get shingles. […] A person must have already had chickenpox in the past to develop shingles.

• #30 Signs and Symptoms of Shingles | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/signs-and-symptoms-of-shingles

  Shingles is an infection of the nerves. Its caused by herpes zoster, the same virus that causes chickenpox. After someone recovers from a chickenpox infection, the virus goes dormant, hiding inside certain nerve cells. But the virus can reawaken years later, triggering shingles. […] Shingles is more common in people over 50 and people with a weakened immune system. But it can occur in anyone who has had chickenpox, at any age. It can be triggered by stress or just plain bad luck. […] Having the vaccine decreases the chance of getting shingles by about 90%. […] Over time, your bodys immune system starts to forget about the herpes zoster virus. The vaccine reintroduces the virus to your immune system, so that it learns to recognize the virus again, Dr. Kopp says.

• #31 Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Facts – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/shingles/shinglesfacts.html

  Shingles, also called herpes zoster, is a disease caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox (varicella). After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays in their body. Later, the virus can reactivate and cause shingles. […] Vaccination is the only way to reduce the chance of getting shingles, since the virus that causes shingles is already present in anyone who has had chickenpox. […] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends two doses of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV, Shingrix) to prevent shingles and related complications in adults 50 years and older. Shingrix is also recommended for adults 19 years and older who have weakened immune systems because of disease or treatments they are receiving.

• #32 Shingles (herpes zoster)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/shingles/fact_sheet.htm

  The virus that causes chickenpox and shingles can be spread from a person with active shingles to a person who has never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine. […] Shingles is not usually dangerous to healthy individuals although it can cause great misery during an attack. […] Very rarely, shingles can lead to pneumonia, hearing problems, blindness, brain inflammation (encephalitis) or death. […] Several antiviral medicines, acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir (Famvir), are available to treat shingles. […] There is one shingles vaccine currently available, RZV or Shingrix. […] Shingrix vaccine is recommended for the prevention of shingles and its complications. […] A vaccine for chickenpox is available, and it is hoped that individuals immunized against chickenpox will be less likely to develop shingles in later life.

• #33 Shingles vaccine linked with lower risk of many common heart problems | New Scientist

  https://www.newscientist.com/article/2479075-shingles-vaccine-linked-with-lower-risk-of-many-common-heart-problems/

  Shingles is associated with an increased chance of health problems like strokes and heart attacks, but receiving a shingles jab seems to curb the risk of such cardiovascular problems. […] We know shingles causes inflammation in the blood vessels, she says. So by preventing the infection, the vaccine may also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. […] Although cardiovascular events are not typically listed as complications of shingles, scientists now know that it is linked to a roughly 30 per cent greater risk of stroke and a 10 per cent greater risk of heart attack, especially within a year after having it. […] The study strengthens our confidence that shingles vaccinations cut cardiovascular risks, probably by curbing the vascular inflammation caused by the zoster virus, says Galen Foulke at the Pennsylvania State University. […] Although more research is needed, the scientists suspect the vaccine helps reduce cardiovascular risks indirectly because it prevents shingles, which can damage blood vessels and provoke clot formation and inflammation, says Lee.

• #34 Shingles | Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care

  https://www.health.gov.au/diseases/shingles

  Shingles is a viral infection that causes a painful, blistering rash. It is caused by the varicella zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes chickenpox. You can only get shingles if you have had chickenpox in the past. […] Vaccination is the best protection against shingles. If you’re eligible, you can get shingles vaccines for free under the National Immunisation Program. […] Shingles is a nationally notifiable disease. […] We monitor cases through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS).

• #35 Shingles > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/shingles

  Various medical conditions and medications can weaken the immune system and reduce its ability to fight off viruses. Among others, these include conditions like cancer, HIV infection and AIDS, having had a bone marrow or organ transplantation, and medications such as chemotherapy and corticosteroids. The immune system also declines with increasing age, and while shingles can affect people of any age, it is most common in those over 50.

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