Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The Incidence of Lymphedema | Lymphatic Education & Research Network

  https://lymphaticnetwork.org/living-with-lymphedema/the-incidence-of-lymphedema

  The incidence of lymphedema (LE) is complicated since no specific American or global epidemiological study has ever been completed to date. […] Up to 250 million people worldwide have lymphedema (LE) with an estimated 10 million living with lymphedema (LE) in the United States, more than HIV, Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and ALS combined. […] LERN will continue to review the current literature and encourage efforts for further studies to provide the most up-to-date information.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/07050/cross_sectional_analysis_for_lymphedema.56.aspx

  Lymphedema is known to affect as many as 140 to 250 million people worldwide. Approximately 99% of lymphedemas are secondary cases after lymphadenectomy, radiation, or parasite infection. There has been no accurate estimate of the lymphedema population size in South Korea. This study aimed to quantify the epidemiology of lymphedema in South Korea and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with lymphedema using a nationwide database. […] Over the last 4 years, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased and peaked in 2021 with the number 1.85 out of 1000. […] Throughout the study period, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased from 1.28 out of 1000 in 2019 to 1.85 out of 1000 in 2021. It was estimated that more than 100,000 cases of lymphedema occurred in 2022, given the fact that it reached 79,958 only from the first half.

• #3 The Incidence of Lymphedema | Lymphatic Education & Research Network

  https://lymphaticnetwork.org/living-with-lymphedema/the-incidence-of-lymphedema

  The incidence of lymphedema (LE) is complicated since no specific American or global epidemiological study has ever been completed to date. […] Up to 250 million people worldwide have lymphedema (LE) with an estimated 10 million living with lymphedema (LE) in the United States, more than HIV, Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and ALS combined. […] LERN will continue to review the current literature and encourage efforts for further studies to provide the most up-to-date information.

• #4 Lymphedema | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24565

  Primary lymphedema is rare, affecting 1 in 100,000 individuals. Secondary lymphedema is the most common cause of the disease and affects approximately 1 in 1000 Americans. […] The identification of the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema is complex. Lymphedema is remarkably prevalent, but the population implications of lymphatic dysfunction are not well studied. Prevalence estimates for lymphedema are relatively high, yet its prevalence is likely underestimated. There is an absence of prospectively designed and rigorously performed relevant epidemiologic studies that limit the true prevalence of the disease. […] The incidence of lymphedema is most widely studied in the oncologic population. One in 5 women who survive breast cancer will develop lymphedema. In head and neck cancer, lymphatic and soft tissue complications can develop throughout the first 18 months post-treatment, with greater than 90% of patients experiencing some form of internal, external, or combined lymphedema. Over half of those patients developing fibrosis. In one recent study, 37% of women treated for gynecological cancer had measurable evidence of lymphedema within 12 months post-treatment. In the gynecologic oncologic population, more extensive lymph node dissection, receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, increasing body mass index, insufficient levels of physical activity, a diagnosis of vulvar/vaginal cancer, and presence of pre-treatment lymphedema were identified as potential risk factors to lymphedema development.

• #5 Epidemiology and Morbidity of Lymphedema | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14493-1_4

  Lymphedema is a common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide. […] Primary lymphedema due to an anomalous lymphatic system is rare, afflicting 1/100,000 individuals. […] Secondary lymphedema from injury to a normally developed lymphatic system is the most common cause of the disease and affects approximately 1/1,000 Americans. […] The two most frequent problems caused by lymphedema are decreased self-esteem and infection. […] Other complications include difficulty using the extremity, skin changes, and rarely malignant transformation.

• #6 Lymphedema | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24565

  Primary lymphedema is rare, affecting 1 in 100,000 individuals. Secondary lymphedema is the most common cause of the disease and affects approximately 1 in 1000 Americans. […] The identification of the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema is complex. Lymphedema is remarkably prevalent, but the population implications of lymphatic dysfunction are not well studied. Prevalence estimates for lymphedema are relatively high, yet its prevalence is likely underestimated. There is an absence of prospectively designed and rigorously performed relevant epidemiologic studies that limit the true prevalence of the disease. […] The incidence of lymphedema is most widely studied in the oncologic population. One in 5 women who survive breast cancer will develop lymphedema. In head and neck cancer, lymphatic and soft tissue complications can develop throughout the first 18 months post-treatment, with greater than 90% of patients experiencing some form of internal, external, or combined lymphedema. Over half of those patients developing fibrosis. In one recent study, 37% of women treated for gynecological cancer had measurable evidence of lymphedema within 12 months post-treatment. In the gynecologic oncologic population, more extensive lymph node dissection, receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, increasing body mass index, insufficient levels of physical activity, a diagnosis of vulvar/vaginal cancer, and presence of pre-treatment lymphedema were identified as potential risk factors to lymphedema development.

• #7 Epidemiology and Morbidity of Lymphedema | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14493-1_4

  Lymphedema is a common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide. […] Primary lymphedema due to an anomalous lymphatic system is rare, afflicting 1/100,000 individuals. […] Secondary lymphedema from injury to a normally developed lymphatic system is the most common cause of the disease and affects approximately 1/1,000 Americans. […] The two most frequent problems caused by lymphedema are decreased self-esteem and infection. […] Other complications include difficulty using the extremity, skin changes, and rarely malignant transformation.

• #8

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/07050/cross_sectional_analysis_for_lymphedema.56.aspx

  Lymphedema is known to affect as many as 140 to 250 million people worldwide. Approximately 99% of lymphedemas are secondary cases after lymphadenectomy, radiation, or parasite infection. There has been no accurate estimate of the lymphedema population size in South Korea. This study aimed to quantify the epidemiology of lymphedema in South Korea and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with lymphedema using a nationwide database. […] Over the last 4 years, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased and peaked in 2021 with the number 1.85 out of 1000. […] Throughout the study period, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased from 1.28 out of 1000 in 2019 to 1.85 out of 1000 in 2021. It was estimated that more than 100,000 cases of lymphedema occurred in 2022, given the fact that it reached 79,958 only from the first half.

• #9 Epidemiology and Morbidity of Lymphedema | Plastic Surgery Key

  https://plasticsurgerykey.com/epidemiology-and-morbidity-of-lymphedema/

  Primary (prevalence 1/1,00,000 persons) Secondary (prevalence 1/1,000 persons) […] Primary lymphedema is rare, affecting approximately 1/100,000 children. […] The overall risk of lymphedema following treatment for malignancy is 15 %; the two variables that most importantly predict if a patient develops the condition is if he/she underwent lymphadenectomy or radiation. […] The rate of lymphedema following lymphadenectomy and/or radiation for the following malignancies has been estimated to be: prostate (13 %), uterine (18 %), melanoma (25 %), vulvar (28 %), sarcoma (25 %). penile (30 %), cervical (42 %). […] A parasitic infection is the most common etiology of lymphedema in the world; 90 % of cases are cause by W. bancrofti. […] It is estimated that although 120 million people are infected with a lymphedema-causing parasite, 40 million persons exhibit lymphedema clinically.

• #10 Lymphedema | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lymphoedema-1?lang=us

  Most cases of primary lymphedema are sporadic; the rest are hereditary or associated with other congenital conditions (see below). […] There has been a growing prevalence of secondary lymphedema due to the large number of patients undergoing breast and pelvic surgery and/or receiving radiation therapy, so much so that in the developed world, secondary lymphedema due to iatrogenic causes constitute the majority of cases.

• #11 Peripheral Matters | Lymphedema: Growing Treatment Options for an Underappreciated Disease

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2021/03/01/01/42/Peripheral-Matters-Lymphedema-Growing-Treatment-Options-for-an-Underappreciated-Disease

  Lymphedema is a poorly recognized and underappreciated disease state with significant morbidity. It is a chronic, incurable disease that can be progressive in nature if left untreated. Despite its relatively high prevalence, lymphedema is poorly recognized and undermanaged by physicians. […] Worldwide, the most common cause of secondary lymphedema is infection by the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, which causes filariasis with resultant fibrosis of the lymphatic system. In developed countries, cancer treatment is the most common cause of secondary lymphedema, affecting up to 30% of those who received axillary lymph node dissection and radiation for breast cancer. […] A thorough history and physical exam are necessary to diagnose lymphedema and is often sufficient to make the diagnosis of lymphedema; however, in some cases, additional imaging is necessary.

• #12 Lymphedema | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24565

  Primary lymphedema is rare, affecting 1 in 100,000 individuals. Secondary lymphedema is the most common cause of the disease and affects approximately 1 in 1000 Americans. […] The identification of the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema is complex. Lymphedema is remarkably prevalent, but the population implications of lymphatic dysfunction are not well studied. Prevalence estimates for lymphedema are relatively high, yet its prevalence is likely underestimated. There is an absence of prospectively designed and rigorously performed relevant epidemiologic studies that limit the true prevalence of the disease. […] The incidence of lymphedema is most widely studied in the oncologic population. One in 5 women who survive breast cancer will develop lymphedema. In head and neck cancer, lymphatic and soft tissue complications can develop throughout the first 18 months post-treatment, with greater than 90% of patients experiencing some form of internal, external, or combined lymphedema. Over half of those patients developing fibrosis. In one recent study, 37% of women treated for gynecological cancer had measurable evidence of lymphedema within 12 months post-treatment. In the gynecologic oncologic population, more extensive lymph node dissection, receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, increasing body mass index, insufficient levels of physical activity, a diagnosis of vulvar/vaginal cancer, and presence of pre-treatment lymphedema were identified as potential risk factors to lymphedema development.

• #13 Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/4/3/424

  Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk for the development of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), a chronic, debilitating, and disfiguring condition that is progressive and requires lifelong self-management of symptoms. […] It has been reported that over 40% of the 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States may meet the criteria for BCRL during their lifetimes. Ongoing surveillance, beginning with pre-operative assessment, has been effective in identifying subclinical lymphedema (LE). […] A prospective model for surveillance is necessary in order to detect BCRL at an early stage when there is the best chance to reduce risk or slow progression. […] The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is integral to the success of an effective personalized medicine program in breast cancer-related lymphedema surveillance.

• #14 Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/4/3/424

  Although the emergence, incidence, and prevalence of BCRL are not fully understood, every breast cancer survivor is at risk. […] It is estimated that over 40% of breast cancer survivors may meet the criteria for BCRL over the course of their lives. […] Regardless of varying BCRL incidence rates, there are hundreds of thousands of women worldwide that struggle on a day-to-day basis with BCRL symptoms and millions who live in fear of developing it. […] Once a diagnosis of lymphedema is made, it requires a lifetime of treatment. […] The inclusion of all individuals, practices, and centers that care for patients with breast cancer is imperative in order to provide the needed components of care for the best patient outcomes in managing breast cancer treatment, risk-reduction measures, and early detection of lymphedema.

• #15 Ongoing lymphedema surveillance important after BC treatment

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/analysis-from-large-prospective-randomized-trial-finds-need-for-ongoing-lymphedema-surveillance

  Early intervention helps prevent chronic lymphedema […] Between three to five million patients worldwide contract breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) each year. […] More than half of patients who developed subclinical lymphedema did so within nine months of finishing breast cancer treatment, explains Chirag Shah, MD, Co-Director of the Comprehensive Breast Program and Director of Breast Radiation Oncology at Cleveland Clinic Cancer Institute. […] This data supports the need for continued surveillance for lymphedema as part of breast cancer follow-up and survivorship. […] The PREVENT trial and this secondary analysis found patients continue to be at risk of BCRL years after surgery. […] Based on these findings, researchers and clinicians recommend that patients be monitored for years following completion of cancer treatment.

• #16 What is prospective surveillance? | Therapy Achievements

  https://therapy-a.com/news/what-is-prospective-surveillance/

  Prospective surveillance is a protocol that is used to detect and prevent lymphedema. […] Prospective surveillance is important to identify patients that are at risk of having lymphedema before they have symptoms. […] The National Cancer Institute states that anywhere from 5%-17% of women who have sentinel lymph node biopsy will develop lymphedema. For those who have axillary lymph nodes removed, the percentage goes up to 20%-53%. The more lymph nodes removed the higher the risk of developing lymphedema. […] Prospective surveillance is not just for those recovering from breast cancer. Anyone who has surgery that involves removal of lymph nodes is a candidate for prospective surveillance.

• #17 Reducing the Risk of Lymphedema in Patients With Cancer – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/december-25-2020/reducing-the-risk-of-lymphedema-in-patients-with-cancer/

  If there is axillary dissection in which all of the lymph nodes are removed, the risk is between 15% and 20%. […] However, if there is axillary dissection followed by radiation therapy, the risk doubles to between 30% and 40%, so it is a pretty significant problem for these patients. […] A major area of research now is to determine how to identify the condition when there might be subtle changes in the lymphatic flow, but before there is evidence of swelling, so we can intervene earlier and prevent lymphedema from developing. […] Clinical trials are currently evaluating the feasibility and impact of axillary reverse mapping on lymphedema rates. […] The prospective surveillance model of care provides a strategy to educate, support, and empower patients about the risks of lymphedema before they have any type of intervention, including surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, and then we monitor them for symptoms of the condition and provide early intervention.

• #18 Bioimpedance Devices for Detection and Management of Lymphedema

  https://www.southcarolinablues.com/web/public/brands/medicalpolicy/external-policies/bioimpedance-devices-for-detection-and-management-of-lymphedema/

  Lymphedema is an accumulation of fluid due to disruption of lymphatic drainage. Lymphedema can be caused by congenital or inherited abnormalities in the lymphatic system (primary lymphedema) but is most often caused by acquired damage to the lymphatic system (secondary lymphedema). Breast cancer treatment is one of the most common causes of secondary lymphedema. Both the surgical removal of lymph nodes and radiotherapy are associated with development lymphedema in patients with breast cancer. In a systematic review of 72 studies (N = 29,612 women), DiSipio et al. (2013) reported that approximately 1 in 5 women who survive breast cancer will develop arm lymphedema. Risk factors for development of lymphedema that had a strong level of evidence were extensive surgery (i.e., axillary-lymph-node dissection, greater number of lymph nodes dissected, mastectomy) and being overweight or obese.

• #19 Defining breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) prevalence and risk factors: A pragmatic approach to lymphedema surveillance – Annals Singapore

  https://annals.edu.sg/defining-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-bcrl-prevalence-and-risk-factors-a-pragmatic-approach-to-lymphedema-surveillance/

  The clinical risk factors associated with BCRL identified in our current study corroborated with those in literature review. […] These risk factors included elevated BMI, higher tumour and nodal pathological stage, presence of axillary clearance and chemotherapy. […] Our institutional practice was to address clinical risk factors in accordance with established lymphedema clinical guidelines and avoid precautionary advice or primary prevention strategies that may engender unnecessary fear, restrictions or confusion from the inconsistency messaging. […] Educating on BCRL, addressing its risk factors, implementing regular surveillance, and timely referral for appropriate management remain cornerstone to any comprehensive lymphedema service. […] This includes reviewing our patient selection criteria for various axilla therapies including axillary lymph node dissection or radiotherapy and to avoid practices deemed to be of low value. […] This study did not claim to have a diagnostic gold standard for BCRL but highlighted the important aids to make an accurate clinical diagnosis.

• #20 Lymphedema | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24565

  Primary lymphedema is rare, affecting 1 in 100,000 individuals. Secondary lymphedema is the most common cause of the disease and affects approximately 1 in 1000 Americans. […] The identification of the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema is complex. Lymphedema is remarkably prevalent, but the population implications of lymphatic dysfunction are not well studied. Prevalence estimates for lymphedema are relatively high, yet its prevalence is likely underestimated. There is an absence of prospectively designed and rigorously performed relevant epidemiologic studies that limit the true prevalence of the disease. […] The incidence of lymphedema is most widely studied in the oncologic population. One in 5 women who survive breast cancer will develop lymphedema. In head and neck cancer, lymphatic and soft tissue complications can develop throughout the first 18 months post-treatment, with greater than 90% of patients experiencing some form of internal, external, or combined lymphedema. Over half of those patients developing fibrosis. In one recent study, 37% of women treated for gynecological cancer had measurable evidence of lymphedema within 12 months post-treatment. In the gynecologic oncologic population, more extensive lymph node dissection, receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, increasing body mass index, insufficient levels of physical activity, a diagnosis of vulvar/vaginal cancer, and presence of pre-treatment lymphedema were identified as potential risk factors to lymphedema development.

• #21 Lymphedema | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/24565

  Primary lymphedema is rare, affecting 1 in 100,000 individuals. Secondary lymphedema is the most common cause of the disease and affects approximately 1 in 1000 Americans. […] The identification of the incidence and prevalence of lymphedema is complex. Lymphedema is remarkably prevalent, but the population implications of lymphatic dysfunction are not well studied. Prevalence estimates for lymphedema are relatively high, yet its prevalence is likely underestimated. There is an absence of prospectively designed and rigorously performed relevant epidemiologic studies that limit the true prevalence of the disease. […] The incidence of lymphedema is most widely studied in the oncologic population. One in 5 women who survive breast cancer will develop lymphedema. In head and neck cancer, lymphatic and soft tissue complications can develop throughout the first 18 months post-treatment, with greater than 90% of patients experiencing some form of internal, external, or combined lymphedema. Over half of those patients developing fibrosis. In one recent study, 37% of women treated for gynecological cancer had measurable evidence of lymphedema within 12 months post-treatment. In the gynecologic oncologic population, more extensive lymph node dissection, receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, increasing body mass index, insufficient levels of physical activity, a diagnosis of vulvar/vaginal cancer, and presence of pre-treatment lymphedema were identified as potential risk factors to lymphedema development.

• #22 Epidemiology and Morbidity of Lymphedema | Plastic Surgery Key

  https://plasticsurgerykey.com/epidemiology-and-morbidity-of-lymphedema/

  Primary (prevalence 1/1,00,000 persons) Secondary (prevalence 1/1,000 persons) […] Primary lymphedema is rare, affecting approximately 1/100,000 children. […] The overall risk of lymphedema following treatment for malignancy is 15 %; the two variables that most importantly predict if a patient develops the condition is if he/she underwent lymphadenectomy or radiation. […] The rate of lymphedema following lymphadenectomy and/or radiation for the following malignancies has been estimated to be: prostate (13 %), uterine (18 %), melanoma (25 %), vulvar (28 %), sarcoma (25 %). penile (30 %), cervical (42 %). […] A parasitic infection is the most common etiology of lymphedema in the world; 90 % of cases are cause by W. bancrofti. […] It is estimated that although 120 million people are infected with a lymphedema-causing parasite, 40 million persons exhibit lymphedema clinically.

• #23

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/07050/cross_sectional_analysis_for_lymphedema.56.aspx

  Lymphedema is known to affect as many as 140 to 250 million people worldwide. Approximately 99% of lymphedemas are secondary cases after lymphadenectomy, radiation, or parasite infection. There has been no accurate estimate of the lymphedema population size in South Korea. This study aimed to quantify the epidemiology of lymphedema in South Korea and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with lymphedema using a nationwide database. […] Over the last 4 years, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased and peaked in 2021 with the number 1.85 out of 1000. […] Throughout the study period, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased from 1.28 out of 1000 in 2019 to 1.85 out of 1000 in 2021. It was estimated that more than 100,000 cases of lymphedema occurred in 2022, given the fact that it reached 79,958 only from the first half.

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2024/07050/cross_sectional_analysis_for_lymphedema.56.aspx

  Lymphedema is known to affect as many as 140 to 250 million people worldwide. Approximately 99% of lymphedemas are secondary cases after lymphadenectomy, radiation, or parasite infection. There has been no accurate estimate of the lymphedema population size in South Korea. This study aimed to quantify the epidemiology of lymphedema in South Korea and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with lymphedema using a nationwide database. […] Over the last 4 years, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased and peaked in 2021 with the number 1.85 out of 1000. […] Throughout the study period, the annual incidence of lymphedema has steadily increased from 1.28 out of 1000 in 2019 to 1.85 out of 1000 in 2021. It was estimated that more than 100,000 cases of lymphedema occurred in 2022, given the fact that it reached 79,958 only from the first half.

• #25 Defining breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) prevalence and risk factors: A pragmatic approach to lymphedema surveillance – Annals Singapore

  https://annals.edu.sg/defining-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-bcrl-prevalence-and-risk-factors-a-pragmatic-approach-to-lymphedema-surveillance/

  We presented the key findings from Singapores Changi General Hospital Breast Centres lymphedema surveillance strategy that used patients reported symptoms, standard arm circumference measurements and clinical assessment in the diagnosis of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). […] We conducted a cross-sectional study of 511 breast cancer patients to assess the prevalence of BCRL and its associated risk factors. […] The cumulative prevalence rate in the cohort was 30.9%. […] Our study showed that our rates of BCRL were comparable to international rates and highlighted similar patient profiles who were at risk of developing the disease. […] This study is the first to highlight prevalence and risk factors of developing breast cancer-related lymphedema in Singapore. […] Findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive lymphedema surveillance strategy in any breast unit.

• #26 Defining breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) prevalence and risk factors: A pragmatic approach to lymphedema surveillance – Annals Singapore

  https://annals.edu.sg/defining-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-bcrl-prevalence-and-risk-factors-a-pragmatic-approach-to-lymphedema-surveillance/

  The study highlights the effectiveness of simple assessment tools such as patient questionnaires, regular arm circumference measurement before and after treatment, clinical assessment matrix for diagnosis of BCRL and timely intervention. […] The incidence of BCRL has been reported to range from 0% to 94% of the breast cancer survivors. […] The lack of local data on the prevalence of BCRL in Singapore makes it difficult to quantify the extent of the morbidity or to study the effectiveness of interventions aimed at curtailing them. […] This study highlighted the prevalence rates of BCRL in a single tertiary breast unit with an established lymphedema surveillance strategy. […] The rates of BCRL will continue to form an important part of performance indicators of any contemporary breast unit.

• #27 Lymphedema Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/lymphedema-market

  The lymphedema market has been comprehensively analyzed in IMARC’s new report titled „Lymphedema Market: Epidemiology, Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity, and Forecast 2024-2034”. […] The increasing cases of infections and inflammatory diseases that damage the tissue around the lymph nodes or vessels are primarily driving the lymphedema market. […] IMARC Group’s new report provides an exhaustive analysis of the lymphedema market in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan. This includes treatment practices, in-market, and pipeline drugs, share of individual therapies, market performance across the seven major markets, market performance of key companies and their drugs, etc. […] According to the report the United States has the largest patient pool for lymphedema and also represents the largest market for its treatment.

• #28 New Digital Health Technology Helps Prevent Lymphedema

  https://www.chiefhealthcareexecutive.com/view/new-digital-health-technology-helps-prevent-lymphedema

  The problem is that when diagnostic methods and staging systems lack uniformity, it can lead to a possible underestimation of the real incidence of lymphedema, decreasing early detection and the possibility of an effective treatment. […] Fortunately, at a time when most physical therapists still rely on a tape measure to determine visible changes in lymphedema, modern medical technologies such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) are available to help to non-invasively measure, monitor and better manage this disease at a much earlier point. […] It also underscores the critical need to look at the body composition of cancer survivors, establish baseline conditions before surgery and conduct ongoing surveillance to track and manage lymphedema. […] Even without a pre-treatment baseline, BIS makes it possible to detect early signs of lymphedema, better understand body composition, and conduct ongoing surveillance of the condition.

• #29

  https://www.mountsinai.org/about/newsroom/2019/high-tech-lymphedema-surveillance-helps-prevent-progression-roxanne-nelson-rn-bsn

  A new technique may help in the diagnosis of lymphedema, a dreaded complication that can develop after breast cancer surgery that includes the removal of lymph nodes in the armpit. A new technique could lead to earlier diagnosis, and allow earlier instigation of treatment, say a group of researchers reporting on the use of bioimpedance spectroscopy, a device that uses electrical current to measure intercellular fluid volume. In the study, women who were assessed by BIS and were referred for early treatment had a 9.8 percent absolute and a 67 percent relative reduction in clinically diagnosed lymphedema when compared with women who were assessed with a tape measure. […] „It’s an interesting concept, but I would like to see if they looked at risk factors,” said Sarah Cate, MD, assistant professor of surgery at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

• #30

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12609-020-00402-y

  Breast cancer treatments introduce risk for developing lymphedema. There are identifiable tissue and sensory changes that are associated with the onset of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) that can enhance early identification and treatment of the condition. Therefore, there exists an unprecedented opportunity to employ surveillance protocols to monitor for the earliest signs and symptoms of the condition. […] Standardized methods for prospective surveillance have been investigated and show effectiveness in promoting early identification and early management of BCRL. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that this approach can support broad assessment of physical function for individuals with breast cancer, improving quality of life and potentially reducing cost associated with treatment-related morbidity.

• #31 Center for Lymphatic Disease | UC Davis Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/plasticsurgery/procedures/lymphatic-resources.html

  Early identification of lymphedema is best achieved using a Prospective Surveillance Model (PSM). Through this, individuals are monitored for the development of lymphedema as a part of a holistic, individualized approach to measuring overall function and quality of life over time. […] Early detection and diagnosis is key for optimal lymphedema management as the initial stages can be reversible, whereas later stages are less responsive to treatment. Therefore, surveillance visits with a trained therapist performed at varying intervals throughout your care are important in assuring that lymphedema is identified and treated in a timely manner. […] As a part of your surveillance visits, you will also receive education regarding lymphedema risk and management. It is important to inform your medical provider if at any time you notice swelling or any other symptoms (e.g., fullness, tightness, heaviness, pain) of your treated area.

• #32 How Early Surveillance Significantly Reduces Lymphedema Risk | Oncology Rehab and Wellness

  https://oncrehabandwellness.com/cancer-rehab/how-early-surveillance-significantly-reduces-lymphedema-risk/

  The most beneficial and proven method of reducing the sometimes debilitating effects of lymphedema utilizes the Prospective Surveillance Model (PSM), which starts with monitoring you before and after cancer treatments. […] Early surveillance is vital to reducing the severity of the disease, and early action does ameliorate the course of lymphedema. […] Routine surveillance leads to an earlier diagnosis which can lessen your symptoms as well as enable easier management of the condition. […] While early surveillance remains the most important step to preventing lymphedema, there are other useful steps you can take to be healthier and reduce your risk of lymphedema onset. […] We cannot understate how vital it is to start early monitoring for lymphedema. With the PSM, we can all but reverse the negative effects of lymphedema and ensure a higher quality of life. Early surveillance is a partnership between you and your lymphedema therapist to help you live a healthier post-cancer treatment life.

• #33 Strategies for Early Detection and Management of Lymphedema – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/september-10-2020/strategies-for-early-detection-and-management-of-lymphedema/

  The standard of care since 2003, sentinel lymph node biopsy has dramatically reduced the risk of lymphedema in early breast cancer, but more than 6% of patients still develop the condition. […] The risk factors for developing lymphedema have been well characterized in the literature. They include having more lymph nodes removed, having multiple surgeries to the chest or more extensive surgery, being overweight or obese, and receiving radiation therapy. […] Effective intervention requires prospective monitoring of patients to recognize the earliest signs of clinically meaningful change. […] The model begins with a baseline clinical assessment at the time of cancer diagnosis to identify normal lifestyle behaviors and physical activity level. […] When clinically meaningful change is identified through screening, a specialist in lymphedema management or in rehabilitation follows up with a more detailed assessment.

• #34 Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/4/3/424

  A seamless plan of care initiated pre-operatively gives health care providers the opportunity to detect BCRL symptoms early, when there is a greater chance to prevent progression in the subclinical stage. […] A multidisciplinary approach to surveillance of BCRL should be instituted as a means of secondary prevention with all women diagnosed with breast cancer. […] Pre- and post-operative limb volume measurements at regular intervals, such as quarterly for 12 months, semi-annually for 1–3 years, and then annually, thereafter, could identify LE at its earliest state, when there is a better chance for prevention of progression. […] The achievement of standardization is a step that has to be taken in order to move forward in developing clinical trials with larger numbers of participants.

• #35 Prospective Surveillance for Breast Cancer-Related Arm Lymphedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35077194/

  Purpose: The call to integrate prospective surveillance for lymphedema into cancer care pathways is building momentum to enable early intervention and prevent the progression of the condition. […] Results: Twenty-three studies were included, of which 21 studies evaluated breast cancer-related arm lymphedema (BCRaL). Participation in prospective surveillance with early management reduced the risk of chronic BCRaL versus usual care (relative risk 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.95; two randomized controlled trials; N = 106). […] Conclusion: The findings suggest that participation in prospective surveillance with early management reduces the risk of chronic BCRaL. Only a minority of patients at high risk of lymphedema because of axillary surgery developed chronic lymphedema. More robust research is needed to determine whether prospective surveillance with early management can reduce the risk of chronic lymphedema, particularly among cancer survivors other than breast cancer.

• #36

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actaoncologica/article/view/35059

  Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a progressive condition caused by damage to the lymphatic system and affects one in three patients following axillary lymph node dissection. […] Clinical guidelines recognize the importance of early detection and management of BCRL to allow simpler treatment and better clinical outcomes and highlight the need for research into development and testing of programs that enable surveillance of survivors at-risk. […] Prospective surveillance and early management (PS) programs are suggested to improve early detection and treatment of BCRL and prevent progression of the condition. […] Two small trials (total n=106) suggest a preventative effect of PS programs versus usual care (relative risk 0.31; 95%CI 0.10 to 0.95) and a larger trial suggest that PS using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is ideal to allow early detection of BCRL, however, robust controlled trials are needed to confirm the effect.

• #37 Use of technology to facilitate a prospective surveillance program for breast cancer-related lymphedema at the Massachusetts General Hospital – Havens – mHealth

  https://mhealth.amegroups.org/article/view/44504/html

  Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) affects approximately one in five patients treated for BC, and patients are at a lifelong risk for BCRL after treatment. […] A comprehensive prospective screening program is currently recommended by the International Society of Lymphology (ISL), National Lymphedema Network (NLN), American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). […] Since its establishment in 2005, the BCRL prospective screening program at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has screened over 5,000 women. […] The future of BCRL screening and management lies in valid, reliable, diagnostically accurate, portable, and affordable tools for screening in the clinic and for patient self-screening in the community. […] In conclusion, prospective lymphedema screening for patients treated for BC is recommended.

• #38 Early Surveillance Is Associated With Less Incidence and Severity of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Compared With a Traditional Referral Model of Care – Lymphoedema Education Solutions

  https://lymphoedemaeducation.com.au/resources/early-surveillance-is-associated-with-less-incidence-and-severity-of-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-compared-with-a-traditional-referral-model-of-care/

  CONCLUSIONS: The current findings support the adoption of an early prospective surveillance model of care using BIS for the early detection and management of breast cancer-related lymphedema. […] The current results indicate that women who underwent early surveillance received lymphedema care almost 2 years earlier than women in the traditional referral group without any difference in number of visits to the lymphedema clinic. […] The early surveillance group had a significantly lower incidence of clinical lymphedema than the traditional referral group, and those who were diagnosed had significantly less severe lymphedema. […] The findings from the current study support the use of BIS as part of an early prospective surveillance model of care that results in significantly earlier detection of lymphedema over time. Furthermore, the earlier detection of lymphedema will lead to lower health care costs if it results in the effective management of symptoms and prevents progression to severe clinical lymphedema.

• #39 Early Surveillance Is Associated With Less Incidence and Severity of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Compared With a Traditional Referral Model of Care – Lymphoedema Education Solutions

  https://lymphoedemaeducation.com.au/resources/early-surveillance-is-associated-with-less-incidence-and-severity-of-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-compared-with-a-traditional-referral-model-of-care/

  CONCLUSIONS: The current findings support the adoption of an early prospective surveillance model of care using BIS for the early detection and management of breast cancer-related lymphedema. […] The current results indicate that women who underwent early surveillance received lymphedema care almost 2 years earlier than women in the traditional referral group without any difference in number of visits to the lymphedema clinic. […] The early surveillance group had a significantly lower incidence of clinical lymphedema than the traditional referral group, and those who were diagnosed had significantly less severe lymphedema. […] The findings from the current study support the use of BIS as part of an early prospective surveillance model of care that results in significantly earlier detection of lymphedema over time. Furthermore, the earlier detection of lymphedema will lead to lower health care costs if it results in the effective management of symptoms and prevents progression to severe clinical lymphedema.

• #40 Reducing chronic breast cancer related lymphedema utilizing a program of prospective surveillance with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). – ASCO

  https://www.asco.org/abstracts-presentations/ABSTRACT192457

  Breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) represents a major side effect that can significantly impact quality of life. Current guidelines support prospective surveillance to allow for early diagnosis and treatment of BCRL at a subclinical, reversible stage. This current large, single institution experience evaluated the use of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) to monitor patients for the development and treatment of BCRL. […] Our results demonstrate that prospective monitoring using BIS, with intervention (using a simple OTC sleeve for 4 weeks) triggered by a 10-point L-Dex elevation, resulted in only a 3% rate of chronic, clinically significant BCRL. These results are lower than reported in contemporary studies and validate recent guidelines supporting prospective screening and intervention for BCRL.

• #41 Bioimpedance Spectroscopy May Be Best Tool for Preventing Breast Cancer-Related Chronic Lymphedema

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/bioimpedance-spectroscopy-may-be-best-tool-for-preventing-breast-cancer-related-chronic-lymphedema

  Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) coupled with early compression treatment appears to be more effective than tape measure-triggered compression for preventing lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. […] Our data showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in chronic lymphedema when we used BIS to conduct prospective surveillance. […] Historically, approximately 20% of patients developed chronic lymphedema based on their need for complex decongestive physiotherapy, but BIS reduced that rate to only 7.9%. […] According to Dr. Shah, the major driver of lymphedema is the amount of local/regional therapy that a patient receives for their breast cancer. […] The multicenter, international trial enrolled 1,200 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer between June 24, 2014 and September 11, 2018.

• #42 Prospective Lymphedema Surveillance in a Clinic Setting

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/5/3/311

  A study conducted by Specht et al. suggests that a lower threshold of a ≥5 to <10% relative volume change (RVC) criterion be utilized for referral for further assessment or intervention, as crossing this threshold was a significant predictor of progression to ≥10% RVC. [...] Therefore, prospective surveillance plays an important role in the earlier detection and management of LE. [...] The rationale for implementation of prospective LE surveillance is the potential to reduce the severity of physical impairments experienced by breast cancer survivors. [...] Their findings suggest that the disparities between later diagnosis and treatment of LE create a poorer prognosis for the breast cancer survivor, with more costly, less effective treatments as compared to LE identified and treated in the earlier stages. [...] The findings of this study also suggest PSM as potentially decreasing treatment costs for managing BCRL.

• #43 Fighting Lymphedema Through Surveillance and Early Intervention

  https://www.kucancercenter.org/news-room/blog/2019/10/lymphedema-surveillance-intervention

  To ensure we catch lymphedema before it starts, we use a perometer to measure arm circumference before and periodically after breast cancer surgery. […] We also use a state-of-the-art, FDA-approved technology known as L-Dex, which is specifically designed to diagnose lymphedema. […] Estimating body composition using low-frequency electrical current, also called Bioimpedance surveillance, we can detect lymphedema 3 to 4 months earlier than traditional methods of assessment. […] We have taken more of an education, prevention, and early identification approach, very similar to the accomplishments we have made with mammography screening where we know that early identification allows us to identify breast cancers at earlier stages. […] That has now allowed us to implement very modest lifestyle changes and modest treatments, most of which we can teach the patient at home.

• #44 New Digital Health Technology Helps Prevent Lymphedema

  https://www.chiefhealthcareexecutive.com/view/new-digital-health-technology-helps-prevent-lymphedema

  Finally, BIS is an excellent tool for early detection to facilitate interventions that can be highly effective in preventing cancer-related lymphedema for at-risk survivors. […] BIS measures extracellular fluid, making early screening of lymphatic function possible so that subtle lymphatic changes can be addressed before they become permanent.

• #45 Fighting Lymphedema Through Surveillance and Early Intervention

  https://www.kucancercenter.org/news-room/blog/2019/10/lymphedema-surveillance-intervention

  To ensure we catch lymphedema before it starts, we use a perometer to measure arm circumference before and periodically after breast cancer surgery. […] We also use a state-of-the-art, FDA-approved technology known as L-Dex, which is specifically designed to diagnose lymphedema. […] Estimating body composition using low-frequency electrical current, also called Bioimpedance surveillance, we can detect lymphedema 3 to 4 months earlier than traditional methods of assessment. […] We have taken more of an education, prevention, and early identification approach, very similar to the accomplishments we have made with mammography screening where we know that early identification allows us to identify breast cancers at earlier stages. […] That has now allowed us to implement very modest lifestyle changes and modest treatments, most of which we can teach the patient at home.

• #46 Defining breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) prevalence and risk factors: A pragmatic approach to lymphedema surveillance – Annals Singapore

  https://annals.edu.sg/defining-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-bcrl-prevalence-and-risk-factors-a-pragmatic-approach-to-lymphedema-surveillance/

  The study highlights the effectiveness of simple assessment tools such as patient questionnaires, regular arm circumference measurement before and after treatment, clinical assessment matrix for diagnosis of BCRL and timely intervention. […] The incidence of BCRL has been reported to range from 0% to 94% of the breast cancer survivors. […] The lack of local data on the prevalence of BCRL in Singapore makes it difficult to quantify the extent of the morbidity or to study the effectiveness of interventions aimed at curtailing them. […] This study highlighted the prevalence rates of BCRL in a single tertiary breast unit with an established lymphedema surveillance strategy. […] The rates of BCRL will continue to form an important part of performance indicators of any contemporary breast unit.

• #47

  https://www.mountsinai.org/about/newsroom/2019/high-tech-lymphedema-surveillance-helps-prevent-progression-roxanne-nelson-rn-bsn

  A new technique may help in the diagnosis of lymphedema, a dreaded complication that can develop after breast cancer surgery that includes the removal of lymph nodes in the armpit. A new technique could lead to earlier diagnosis, and allow earlier instigation of treatment, say a group of researchers reporting on the use of bioimpedance spectroscopy, a device that uses electrical current to measure intercellular fluid volume. In the study, women who were assessed by BIS and were referred for early treatment had a 9.8 percent absolute and a 67 percent relative reduction in clinically diagnosed lymphedema when compared with women who were assessed with a tape measure. […] „It’s an interesting concept, but I would like to see if they looked at risk factors,” said Sarah Cate, MD, assistant professor of surgery at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

• #48 Press Center – Annual Meeting | ASBrS

  https://www.breastsurgeons.org/meeting/2019/press_releases/lymphedema

  Surveillance of women at risk for breast cancer-related lymphedema using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) was more effective in preventing lymphedema progression than traditional arm circumference measurement, when each is combined with immediate compression therapy. […] This study suggests that BIS is a highly effective tool for pinpointing patients at risk, Ridner says, noting that fewer women went on to develop clinical lymphedema when referred for therapy using BIS than TM. […] Ridner notes that results were extremely encouraging. These findings mean that women could potentially avoid this debilitating condition if BIS screening were the norm, she says. […] This study demonstrates that bioimpedance spectroscopy can identify early signs of lymphedema so that interventions can be taken to prevent progression.

• #49 New Digital Health Technology Helps Prevent Lymphedema

  https://www.chiefhealthcareexecutive.com/view/new-digital-health-technology-helps-prevent-lymphedema

  The problem is that when diagnostic methods and staging systems lack uniformity, it can lead to a possible underestimation of the real incidence of lymphedema, decreasing early detection and the possibility of an effective treatment. […] Fortunately, at a time when most physical therapists still rely on a tape measure to determine visible changes in lymphedema, modern medical technologies such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) are available to help to non-invasively measure, monitor and better manage this disease at a much earlier point. […] It also underscores the critical need to look at the body composition of cancer survivors, establish baseline conditions before surgery and conduct ongoing surveillance to track and manage lymphedema. […] Even without a pre-treatment baseline, BIS makes it possible to detect early signs of lymphedema, better understand body composition, and conduct ongoing surveillance of the condition.

• #50

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actaoncologica/article/view/35059

  It is therefore important to ensure that patients with a wide representation of education levels, income, living arrangements and comorbidity can access and participate in PS programs. […] These barriers highlight the need to consider other delivery strategies, such as a self-management approach, to increase the reach and equity of access to surveillance programs. […] To improve reach and lower the costs of PS programs, we developed self-management BCRL surveillance resources, demonstrated them to be feasible and acceptable to include in hospital-based programs and able to support survivors in performing measurements of own arm circumference at home in a reliable and valid manner.

• #51 Prospective surveillance and early intervention to prevent chronic breast cancer-related arm lymphedema—what are the barriers? – Tse – Annals of Palliative Medicine

  https://apm.amegroups.org/article/view/131169/html

  While the complex interplay of different risk factors remains to be resolved, there is a growing body of evidence that ALND is the main risk driver of BCRAL development. […] The selection of a suitable treatment after early BCRAL detection poses another obstacle in the establishment of prospective surveillance programs. […] The model of prospective surveillance combined with early intervention holds great promise in reducing the risk of chronic BCRAL among breast cancer survivors.

• #52 Early Surveillance Is Associated With Less Incidence and Severity of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Compared With a Traditional Referral Model of Care – Lymphoedema Education Solutions

  https://lymphoedemaeducation.com.au/resources/early-surveillance-is-associated-with-less-incidence-and-severity-of-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-compared-with-a-traditional-referral-model-of-care/

  CONCLUSIONS: The current findings support the adoption of an early prospective surveillance model of care using BIS for the early detection and management of breast cancer-related lymphedema. […] The current results indicate that women who underwent early surveillance received lymphedema care almost 2 years earlier than women in the traditional referral group without any difference in number of visits to the lymphedema clinic. […] The early surveillance group had a significantly lower incidence of clinical lymphedema than the traditional referral group, and those who were diagnosed had significantly less severe lymphedema. […] The findings from the current study support the use of BIS as part of an early prospective surveillance model of care that results in significantly earlier detection of lymphedema over time. Furthermore, the earlier detection of lymphedema will lead to lower health care costs if it results in the effective management of symptoms and prevents progression to severe clinical lymphedema.

• #53

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actaoncologica/article/view/35059

  It is therefore important to ensure that patients with a wide representation of education levels, income, living arrangements and comorbidity can access and participate in PS programs. […] These barriers highlight the need to consider other delivery strategies, such as a self-management approach, to increase the reach and equity of access to surveillance programs. […] To improve reach and lower the costs of PS programs, we developed self-management BCRL surveillance resources, demonstrated them to be feasible and acceptable to include in hospital-based programs and able to support survivors in performing measurements of own arm circumference at home in a reliable and valid manner.

• #54

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actaoncologica/article/view/35059

  It is therefore important to ensure that patients with a wide representation of education levels, income, living arrangements and comorbidity can access and participate in PS programs. […] These barriers highlight the need to consider other delivery strategies, such as a self-management approach, to increase the reach and equity of access to surveillance programs. […] To improve reach and lower the costs of PS programs, we developed self-management BCRL surveillance resources, demonstrated them to be feasible and acceptable to include in hospital-based programs and able to support survivors in performing measurements of own arm circumference at home in a reliable and valid manner.

• #55 Center for Lymphatic Disease | UC Davis Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/plasticsurgery/procedures/lymphatic-resources.html

  Early identification of lymphedema is best achieved using a Prospective Surveillance Model (PSM). Through this, individuals are monitored for the development of lymphedema as a part of a holistic, individualized approach to measuring overall function and quality of life over time. […] Early detection and diagnosis is key for optimal lymphedema management as the initial stages can be reversible, whereas later stages are less responsive to treatment. Therefore, surveillance visits with a trained therapist performed at varying intervals throughout your care are important in assuring that lymphedema is identified and treated in a timely manner. […] As a part of your surveillance visits, you will also receive education regarding lymphedema risk and management. It is important to inform your medical provider if at any time you notice swelling or any other symptoms (e.g., fullness, tightness, heaviness, pain) of your treated area.

• #56 Strategies for Early Detection and Management of Lymphedema – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/september-10-2020/strategies-for-early-detection-and-management-of-lymphedema/

  A yes response to those screening questions should be referred for more detailed assessment, which involves circumferential measures (5% volume change from baseline) and bioimpedance spectroscopy. […] The key point is we must standardize our methodology of screening and assessment and do that prospectively. […] Its critical to catch lymphedema at an early stage, even a subclinical stage. […] If we can identify and manage it in a subclinical stage, we can prevent progression to a more severe and chronic condition. […] According to Dr. Stout, a number of guidelines have incorporated early detection and monitoring strategies to identify and manage early lymphedema. […] By monitoring your patients with interval screening over the course of treatment, you are helping your hospital health system or cancer center meet compliance with the Commission on Cancer standards.

• #57 New Digital Health Technology Helps Prevent Lymphedema

  https://www.chiefhealthcareexecutive.com/view/new-digital-health-technology-helps-prevent-lymphedema

  Pre-treatment measurements and continued surveillance are essential for tracking early lymphedema. […] BIS technologies can provide a way to detect subclinical lymphedema and show changes in fluid status in extremities at the earliest possible stages to help guide the development of an effective survivorship program. […] Nevertheless, current literature strongly advocates for a prospective surveillance model as the best approach to preventing persistent, chronic lymphedema. […] An important clinical study, the PREVENT trial, looked at how well BIS could detect early signs of lymphedema compared with a tape measure, the traditional approach to measuring lymphedema onset or progression. […] It demonstrated that 95% of breast cancer-related lymphedema progression is preventable with routine surveillance using BIS followed by at-home treatment with standard compression therapy.

• #58 Prospective Lymphedema Surveillance in a Clinic Setting

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/5/3/311

  A study conducted by Specht et al. suggests that a lower threshold of a ≥5 to <10% relative volume change (RVC) criterion be utilized for referral for further assessment or intervention, as crossing this threshold was a significant predictor of progression to ≥10% RVC. [...] Therefore, prospective surveillance plays an important role in the earlier detection and management of LE. [...] The rationale for implementation of prospective LE surveillance is the potential to reduce the severity of physical impairments experienced by breast cancer survivors. [...] Their findings suggest that the disparities between later diagnosis and treatment of LE create a poorer prognosis for the breast cancer survivor, with more costly, less effective treatments as compared to LE identified and treated in the earlier stages. [...] The findings of this study also suggest PSM as potentially decreasing treatment costs for managing BCRL.

• #59 Early Surveillance Is Associated With Less Incidence and Severity of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Compared With a Traditional Referral Model of Care – Lymphoedema Education Solutions

  https://lymphoedemaeducation.com.au/resources/early-surveillance-is-associated-with-less-incidence-and-severity-of-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-compared-with-a-traditional-referral-model-of-care/

  CONCLUSIONS: The current findings support the adoption of an early prospective surveillance model of care using BIS for the early detection and management of breast cancer-related lymphedema. […] The current results indicate that women who underwent early surveillance received lymphedema care almost 2 years earlier than women in the traditional referral group without any difference in number of visits to the lymphedema clinic. […] The early surveillance group had a significantly lower incidence of clinical lymphedema than the traditional referral group, and those who were diagnosed had significantly less severe lymphedema. […] The findings from the current study support the use of BIS as part of an early prospective surveillance model of care that results in significantly earlier detection of lymphedema over time. Furthermore, the earlier detection of lymphedema will lead to lower health care costs if it results in the effective management of symptoms and prevents progression to severe clinical lymphedema.

• #60 Fighting Lymphedema Through Surveillance and Early Intervention

  https://www.kucancercenter.org/news-room/blog/2019/10/lymphedema-surveillance-intervention

  To ensure we catch lymphedema before it starts, we use a perometer to measure arm circumference before and periodically after breast cancer surgery. […] We also use a state-of-the-art, FDA-approved technology known as L-Dex, which is specifically designed to diagnose lymphedema. […] Estimating body composition using low-frequency electrical current, also called Bioimpedance surveillance, we can detect lymphedema 3 to 4 months earlier than traditional methods of assessment. […] We have taken more of an education, prevention, and early identification approach, very similar to the accomplishments we have made with mammography screening where we know that early identification allows us to identify breast cancers at earlier stages. […] That has now allowed us to implement very modest lifestyle changes and modest treatments, most of which we can teach the patient at home.

• #61 New Digital Health Technology Helps Prevent Lymphedema

  https://www.chiefhealthcareexecutive.com/view/new-digital-health-technology-helps-prevent-lymphedema

  Many cancer survivors, particularly those of breast, melanoma, and pelvic-area cancers, are susceptible to developing lymphedema when clear lymphatic fluid builds up in the soft tissues of the body, usually in a limb, causing a painful and debilitating tightness and swelling. […] Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) affects approximately one in in five patients treated for breast cancer, and it has a significant negative impact on patients’ quality of life after breast cancer treatment, serving as a constant reminder of the previous illness. […] The majority of lymphedema cases are not diagnosed until they are already visually apparent delaying proactive treatment before the condition worsens. […] Once chronic lymphedema has started, it cannot be cured. […] Nevertheless, early and careful management can reduce symptoms and prevent it from getting worse.

• #62 Use of technology to facilitate a prospective surveillance program for breast cancer-related lymphedema at the Massachusetts General Hospital – Havens – mHealth

  https://mhealth.amegroups.org/article/view/44504/html

  Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) affects approximately one in five patients treated for BC, and patients are at a lifelong risk for BCRL after treatment. […] A comprehensive prospective screening program is currently recommended by the International Society of Lymphology (ISL), National Lymphedema Network (NLN), American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). […] Since its establishment in 2005, the BCRL prospective screening program at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has screened over 5,000 women. […] The future of BCRL screening and management lies in valid, reliable, diagnostically accurate, portable, and affordable tools for screening in the clinic and for patient self-screening in the community. […] In conclusion, prospective lymphedema screening for patients treated for BC is recommended.

• #63 Ongoing lymphedema surveillance important after BC treatment

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/analysis-from-large-prospective-randomized-trial-finds-need-for-ongoing-lymphedema-surveillance

  Early intervention helps prevent chronic lymphedema […] Between three to five million patients worldwide contract breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) each year. […] More than half of patients who developed subclinical lymphedema did so within nine months of finishing breast cancer treatment, explains Chirag Shah, MD, Co-Director of the Comprehensive Breast Program and Director of Breast Radiation Oncology at Cleveland Clinic Cancer Institute. […] This data supports the need for continued surveillance for lymphedema as part of breast cancer follow-up and survivorship. […] The PREVENT trial and this secondary analysis found patients continue to be at risk of BCRL years after surgery. […] Based on these findings, researchers and clinicians recommend that patients be monitored for years following completion of cancer treatment.

• #64 Ongoing lymphedema surveillance important after BC treatment

  https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/analysis-from-large-prospective-randomized-trial-finds-need-for-ongoing-lymphedema-surveillance

  Several prospective studies, as well as the PREVENT randomized trial, support that bioimpedance spectroscopy allows for early detection and intervention, which can prevent cBCRL. […] All breast cancer patients regardless of their risk category should be considered for lymphedema surveillance, with those at highest risk monitored closely for at least three years after completing breast cancer treatment.

• #65 Prospective Protocol for Lymphedema Education and Surveillance in a Breast Health Center | Oncology Nursing Society

  http://www.ons.org/prospective-protocol-lymphedema-education-and-surveillance-breast-health-center

  Participation in the ONS Foundation-supported Breast Cancer Survivorship Quality Measures Set pilot study indicated less than optimal assessment and educational practices for lymphedema surveillance at one author’s institution. […] The referral threshold for lymphedema diagnosis was set at a 10% relative difference in circumferential measurements, pre- and postoperatively, as well as during the survivorship period. […] As lymphedema research and standard of care consensus become established, this surveillance model will be adapted in accordance with evidence-based practice guidelines.

• #66 Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/4/3/424

  A seamless plan of care initiated pre-operatively gives health care providers the opportunity to detect BCRL symptoms early, when there is a greater chance to prevent progression in the subclinical stage. […] A multidisciplinary approach to surveillance of BCRL should be instituted as a means of secondary prevention with all women diagnosed with breast cancer. […] Pre- and post-operative limb volume measurements at regular intervals, such as quarterly for 12 months, semi-annually for 1–3 years, and then annually, thereafter, could identify LE at its earliest state, when there is a better chance for prevention of progression. […] The achievement of standardization is a step that has to be taken in order to move forward in developing clinical trials with larger numbers of participants.

• #67 Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/4/3/424

  A seamless plan of care initiated pre-operatively gives health care providers the opportunity to detect BCRL symptoms early, when there is a greater chance to prevent progression in the subclinical stage. […] A multidisciplinary approach to surveillance of BCRL should be instituted as a means of secondary prevention with all women diagnosed with breast cancer. […] Pre- and post-operative limb volume measurements at regular intervals, such as quarterly for 12 months, semi-annually for 1–3 years, and then annually, thereafter, could identify LE at its earliest state, when there is a better chance for prevention of progression. […] The achievement of standardization is a step that has to be taken in order to move forward in developing clinical trials with larger numbers of participants.

• #68 Peripheral Matters | Lymphedema: Growing Treatment Options for an Underappreciated Disease

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2021/03/01/01/42/Peripheral-Matters-Lymphedema-Growing-Treatment-Options-for-an-Underappreciated-Disease

  As lymphedema is a chronic, incurable disease that affects patients’ physical and mental well-being, a multidisciplinary approach to patient management is important. Such teams may include providers from physical rehabilitation, vascular medicine, plastic surgery, radiology, oncology, infectious disease and social work. Such teams can offer thorough evaluation to assess the etiology of limb swelling, optimize conservative care and offer surgical treatment for appropriate candidates. Additionally, recognition of lymphedema’s significant morbidity, decrease in quality of life and potential treatment options by providers is important to optimize patient care as more is learned about this relatively poorly understood disease process.

• #69 Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/4/3/424

  Breast cancer survivors are at increased risk for the development of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), a chronic, debilitating, and disfiguring condition that is progressive and requires lifelong self-management of symptoms. […] It has been reported that over 40% of the 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States may meet the criteria for BCRL during their lifetimes. Ongoing surveillance, beginning with pre-operative assessment, has been effective in identifying subclinical lymphedema (LE). […] A prospective model for surveillance is necessary in order to detect BCRL at an early stage when there is the best chance to reduce risk or slow progression. […] The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is integral to the success of an effective personalized medicine program in breast cancer-related lymphedema surveillance.

• #70 Prevention, Surveillance, and Treatment of Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema: The Role of the Advanced Practice Provider | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/28/2/prevention-surveillance-and-treatment-breast-cancer-related

  Breast cancerrelated lymphedema is a lifelong disease associated with decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Evidence supports early detection and prompt treatment through prospective surveillance models as standard of care. […] Advanced practice providers are uniquely positioned to develop and implement comprehensive lymphedema programs focused on treatment and prevention pathways.

• #71 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Lymphedema | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-lymphedema

  Your physical therapist will serve as an important member of your health care team. […] They will work closely with you to design a treatment program to help control the swelling and meet your goals for returning to your activities. […] Your physical therapist will carefully monitor the size of your affected limb throughout your treatment sessions. […] If you have had your lymph nodes removed, or received radiation or certain chemotherapies, but you don’t have lymphedema, you might still be at risk for developing it. […] You may want to consider a physical therapist who is experienced in treating lymphedema.

• #72 Peripheral Matters | Lymphedema: Growing Treatment Options for an Underappreciated Disease

  https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2021/03/01/01/42/Peripheral-Matters-Lymphedema-Growing-Treatment-Options-for-an-Underappreciated-Disease

  As lymphedema is a chronic, incurable disease that affects patients’ physical and mental well-being, a multidisciplinary approach to patient management is important. Such teams may include providers from physical rehabilitation, vascular medicine, plastic surgery, radiology, oncology, infectious disease and social work. Such teams can offer thorough evaluation to assess the etiology of limb swelling, optimize conservative care and offer surgical treatment for appropriate candidates. Additionally, recognition of lymphedema’s significant morbidity, decrease in quality of life and potential treatment options by providers is important to optimize patient care as more is learned about this relatively poorly understood disease process.

• #73 Reducing the Risk of Lymphedema in Patients With Cancer – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/december-25-2020/reducing-the-risk-of-lymphedema-in-patients-with-cancer/

  If a 5% or higher increase is found in an affected limb from the baseline measure compared with the contralateral limb, that triggers patient intervention. […] A lymphedema specialist or a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist should be part of a patients overall palliative care team. […] The critical piece to providing personalized care for our patients is to acknowledge that lymphedema is a serious condition that can affect patients lifelong quality of life; the responsibility is on all of us as clinicians to minimize that risk. […] It is critical for all clinicians treating patients with cancer to understand the available resources for lymphedema prevention and treatment, so patients can live high-quality lives following a cancer diagnosis and treatment.

• #74 Reducing the Risk of Lymphedema in Patients With Cancer – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/december-25-2020/reducing-the-risk-of-lymphedema-in-patients-with-cancer/

  If a 5% or higher increase is found in an affected limb from the baseline measure compared with the contralateral limb, that triggers patient intervention. […] A lymphedema specialist or a physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist should be part of a patients overall palliative care team. […] The critical piece to providing personalized care for our patients is to acknowledge that lymphedema is a serious condition that can affect patients lifelong quality of life; the responsibility is on all of us as clinicians to minimize that risk. […] It is critical for all clinicians treating patients with cancer to understand the available resources for lymphedema prevention and treatment, so patients can live high-quality lives following a cancer diagnosis and treatment.

• #75 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Lymphedema | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-lymphedema

  Lymphedema is swelling in the arms or legs due to a disruption of lymph fluid flow through the lymphatic system. […] About one in five women who are living with or beyond breast cancer and who have had the lymph nodes in their underarm removed during breast cancer treatment will develop lymphedema. […] Identifying and treating lymphedema early helps to ensure more rapid and improved outcomes. […] Your physical therapist will help you identify factors that may increase your risk for lymphedema. […] Poor drainage of the lymphatic system might make infection of your arm or leg more likely. Even a small infection could lead to serious lymphedema. […] You can help prevent infections from occurring by avoiding cuts and abrasions, burns, punctures, and insect bites on your affected limb.

• #76 Center for Lymphatic Disease | UC Davis Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/plasticsurgery/procedures/lymphatic-resources.html

  Early identification of lymphedema is best achieved using a Prospective Surveillance Model (PSM). Through this, individuals are monitored for the development of lymphedema as a part of a holistic, individualized approach to measuring overall function and quality of life over time. […] Early detection and diagnosis is key for optimal lymphedema management as the initial stages can be reversible, whereas later stages are less responsive to treatment. Therefore, surveillance visits with a trained therapist performed at varying intervals throughout your care are important in assuring that lymphedema is identified and treated in a timely manner. […] As a part of your surveillance visits, you will also receive education regarding lymphedema risk and management. It is important to inform your medical provider if at any time you notice swelling or any other symptoms (e.g., fullness, tightness, heaviness, pain) of your treated area.

• #77 Guide | Physical Therapy Guide to Lymphedema | Choose PT

  https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-lymphedema

  Lymphedema is swelling in the arms or legs due to a disruption of lymph fluid flow through the lymphatic system. […] About one in five women who are living with or beyond breast cancer and who have had the lymph nodes in their underarm removed during breast cancer treatment will develop lymphedema. […] Identifying and treating lymphedema early helps to ensure more rapid and improved outcomes. […] Your physical therapist will help you identify factors that may increase your risk for lymphedema. […] Poor drainage of the lymphatic system might make infection of your arm or leg more likely. Even a small infection could lead to serious lymphedema. […] You can help prevent infections from occurring by avoiding cuts and abrasions, burns, punctures, and insect bites on your affected limb.

• #78 How Early Surveillance Significantly Reduces Lymphedema Risk | Oncology Rehab and Wellness

  https://oncrehabandwellness.com/cancer-rehab/how-early-surveillance-significantly-reduces-lymphedema-risk/

  The most beneficial and proven method of reducing the sometimes debilitating effects of lymphedema utilizes the Prospective Surveillance Model (PSM), which starts with monitoring you before and after cancer treatments. […] Early surveillance is vital to reducing the severity of the disease, and early action does ameliorate the course of lymphedema. […] Routine surveillance leads to an earlier diagnosis which can lessen your symptoms as well as enable easier management of the condition. […] While early surveillance remains the most important step to preventing lymphedema, there are other useful steps you can take to be healthier and reduce your risk of lymphedema onset. […] We cannot understate how vital it is to start early monitoring for lymphedema. With the PSM, we can all but reverse the negative effects of lymphedema and ensure a higher quality of life. Early surveillance is a partnership between you and your lymphedema therapist to help you live a healthier post-cancer treatment life.

• #79 Defining breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) prevalence and risk factors: A pragmatic approach to lymphedema surveillance – Annals Singapore

  https://annals.edu.sg/defining-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema-bcrl-prevalence-and-risk-factors-a-pragmatic-approach-to-lymphedema-surveillance/

  The clinical risk factors associated with BCRL identified in our current study corroborated with those in literature review. […] These risk factors included elevated BMI, higher tumour and nodal pathological stage, presence of axillary clearance and chemotherapy. […] Our institutional practice was to address clinical risk factors in accordance with established lymphedema clinical guidelines and avoid precautionary advice or primary prevention strategies that may engender unnecessary fear, restrictions or confusion from the inconsistency messaging. […] Educating on BCRL, addressing its risk factors, implementing regular surveillance, and timely referral for appropriate management remain cornerstone to any comprehensive lymphedema service. […] This includes reviewing our patient selection criteria for various axilla therapies including axillary lymph node dissection or radiotherapy and to avoid practices deemed to be of low value. […] This study did not claim to have a diagnostic gold standard for BCRL but highlighted the important aids to make an accurate clinical diagnosis.

• #80 Fighting Lymphedema Through Surveillance and Early Intervention

  https://www.kucancercenter.org/news-room/blog/2019/10/lymphedema-surveillance-intervention

  To ensure we catch lymphedema before it starts, we use a perometer to measure arm circumference before and periodically after breast cancer surgery. […] We also use a state-of-the-art, FDA-approved technology known as L-Dex, which is specifically designed to diagnose lymphedema. […] Estimating body composition using low-frequency electrical current, also called Bioimpedance surveillance, we can detect lymphedema 3 to 4 months earlier than traditional methods of assessment. […] We have taken more of an education, prevention, and early identification approach, very similar to the accomplishments we have made with mammography screening where we know that early identification allows us to identify breast cancers at earlier stages. […] That has now allowed us to implement very modest lifestyle changes and modest treatments, most of which we can teach the patient at home.

• #81 Prospective Surveillance for Breast Cancer-Related Arm Lymphedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35077194/

  Purpose: The call to integrate prospective surveillance for lymphedema into cancer care pathways is building momentum to enable early intervention and prevent the progression of the condition. […] Results: Twenty-three studies were included, of which 21 studies evaluated breast cancer-related arm lymphedema (BCRaL). Participation in prospective surveillance with early management reduced the risk of chronic BCRaL versus usual care (relative risk 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.95; two randomized controlled trials; N = 106). […] Conclusion: The findings suggest that participation in prospective surveillance with early management reduces the risk of chronic BCRaL. Only a minority of patients at high risk of lymphedema because of axillary surgery developed chronic lymphedema. More robust research is needed to determine whether prospective surveillance with early management can reduce the risk of chronic lymphedema, particularly among cancer survivors other than breast cancer.

• #82

  https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication1923167

  PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: Secondary lymphedema is a chronic condition that may result from cancer-related treatments. Evidence is emerging on prospective surveillance and risk reduction. […] Surveillance programs increased the likelihood of detecting lymphedema. […] Future research should standardize (a) evidence-based interventions to reduce the development of lymphedema and increase the likelihood of early detection and (b) outcome measures to build a body of evidence that leads to practice change.

• #83

  https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication1923167

  PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: Secondary lymphedema is a chronic condition that may result from cancer-related treatments. Evidence is emerging on prospective surveillance and risk reduction. […] Surveillance programs increased the likelihood of detecting lymphedema. […] Future research should standardize (a) evidence-based interventions to reduce the development of lymphedema and increase the likelihood of early detection and (b) outcome measures to build a body of evidence that leads to practice change.

• #84

  https://medicaljournalssweden.se/actaoncologica/article/view/35059

  Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a progressive condition caused by damage to the lymphatic system and affects one in three patients following axillary lymph node dissection. […] Clinical guidelines recognize the importance of early detection and management of BCRL to allow simpler treatment and better clinical outcomes and highlight the need for research into development and testing of programs that enable surveillance of survivors at-risk. […] Prospective surveillance and early management (PS) programs are suggested to improve early detection and treatment of BCRL and prevent progression of the condition. […] Two small trials (total n=106) suggest a preventative effect of PS programs versus usual care (relative risk 0.31; 95%CI 0.10 to 0.95) and a larger trial suggest that PS using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is ideal to allow early detection of BCRL, however, robust controlled trials are needed to confirm the effect.

• #85 Use of technology to facilitate a prospective surveillance program for breast cancer-related lymphedema at the Massachusetts General Hospital – Havens – mHealth

  https://mhealth.amegroups.org/article/view/44504/html

  Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) affects approximately one in five patients treated for BC, and patients are at a lifelong risk for BCRL after treatment. […] A comprehensive prospective screening program is currently recommended by the International Society of Lymphology (ISL), National Lymphedema Network (NLN), American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). […] Since its establishment in 2005, the BCRL prospective screening program at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has screened over 5,000 women. […] The future of BCRL screening and management lies in valid, reliable, diagnostically accurate, portable, and affordable tools for screening in the clinic and for patient self-screening in the community. […] In conclusion, prospective lymphedema screening for patients treated for BC is recommended.

• #86 Strategies for Early Detection and Management of Lymphedema – The ASCO Post

  https://ascopost.com/issues/september-10-2020/strategies-for-early-detection-and-management-of-lymphedema/

  A yes response to those screening questions should be referred for more detailed assessment, which involves circumferential measures (5% volume change from baseline) and bioimpedance spectroscopy. […] The key point is we must standardize our methodology of screening and assessment and do that prospectively. […] Its critical to catch lymphedema at an early stage, even a subclinical stage. […] If we can identify and manage it in a subclinical stage, we can prevent progression to a more severe and chronic condition. […] According to Dr. Stout, a number of guidelines have incorporated early detection and monitoring strategies to identify and manage early lymphedema. […] By monitoring your patients with interval screening over the course of treatment, you are helping your hospital health system or cancer center meet compliance with the Commission on Cancer standards.

• #87 Surveillance Recommendations in Reducing Risk of and Optimally Managing Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

  https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/4/3/424

  A seamless plan of care initiated pre-operatively gives health care providers the opportunity to detect BCRL symptoms early, when there is a greater chance to prevent progression in the subclinical stage. […] A multidisciplinary approach to surveillance of BCRL should be instituted as a means of secondary prevention with all women diagnosed with breast cancer. […] Pre- and post-operative limb volume measurements at regular intervals, such as quarterly for 12 months, semi-annually for 1–3 years, and then annually, thereafter, could identify LE at its earliest state, when there is a better chance for prevention of progression. […] The achievement of standardization is a step that has to be taken in order to move forward in developing clinical trials with larger numbers of participants.

• #88 Lymphedema – Epidemiology Forecast – 2032 – Research and Markets

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5525377/lymphedema-epidemiology-forecast-2032?srsltid=AfmBOooxpXV3wMKvCRAtQD9eW5prj5JUnsbApBtWjeBI3o2tVZNSOxJ0

  This „Lymphedema – Epidemiology Forecast to 2032” report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted Lymphedema epidemiology in the 7MM, i.e., the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom), and Japan. […] The Lymphedema epidemiology report gives a thorough understanding of the Lymphedema by including details such as disease definition, symptoms, causes, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. […] The Lymphedema epidemiology division provides insights about historical and current patient pool and forecasted trend for every seven major countries. […] The Lymphedema epidemiology segment covers the epidemiology data in the US, EU5 countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the UK), and Japan from 2019 to 2032. […] The Lymphedema epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Lymphedema epidemiology scenario in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2019 to 2032.

• #89 Lymphedema – Epidemiology Forecast – 2032 – Research and Markets

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5525377/lymphedema-epidemiology-forecast-2032?srsltid=AfmBOooxpXV3wMKvCRAtQD9eW5prj5JUnsbApBtWjeBI3o2tVZNSOxJ0

  The report provides insight into the historical and forecasted patient pool of Lymphedema in seven major markets covering the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, UK), and Japan. […] The report assesses the disease risk and burden and highlights the unmet needs of Lymphedema. […] 11-year Forecast of Lymphedema epidemiology. […] What are the key findings pertaining to the Lymphedema epidemiology across 7MM and which country will have the highest number of patients during the forecast period (2019-2032)? […] What would be the total number of patients of Lymphedema across the 7MM during the forecast period (2019-2032)? […] The Lymphedema Epidemiology report will allow the user to develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the global Lymphedema market.

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