Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epidemiologic Trends and Diagnostic Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8132710/

  Fecal incontinence (FI) is a prevalent condition that occurs in up to 15% of the Western population and significantly impairs quality of life. […] The current understanding of the epidemiology of FI is shifting because of an increasing recognition of FI in men, better appreciation for the impact of changing obstetric practices on FI in women, and comprehension of the effect of modifiable risk factors on the development of FI over time. […] Fecal incontinence (FI) is present in 7% to 15% of the general Western population and is associated with a considerable impact on quality of life, which, in turn, is compounded by social stigma, leading to isolation and confinement to home. […] In a recent Internet-based survey of approximately 6000 responders in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, 16% reported FI.

• #2 Fecal incontinence in adults: Etiology and evaluation – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fecal-incontinence-in-adults-etiology-and-evaluation

  Fecal incontinence is a common but underreported problem that has a significant social and economic impact and significantly impairs quality of life. […] Estimates of the prevalence of fecal incontinence vary depending on the definition used and the study population. Studies likely underestimate the prevalence of fecal incontinence, as many patients are reluctant to report it.

• #3 Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and classification of fecal incontinence: state of the science summary for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) workshop.

  https://vivo.health.unm.edu/display/n1713033589

  In August 2013, the National Institutes of Health sponsored a conference to address major gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of fecal incontinence (FI) and to identify topics for future clinical research. […] FI is a common symptom, with a prevalence that ranges from 7 to 15% in community-dwelling men and women, but it is often underreported, as providers seldom screen for FI and patients do not volunteer the symptom, even though the symptoms can have a devastating impact on the quality of life. […] Despite the basic understanding of FI, there are still major knowledge gaps in disease epidemiology and pathogenesis, necessitating future clinical research in FI.

• #4 Epidemiologic Trends and Diagnostic Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8132710/

  Increasing age is well established as the most common risk factor for FI, with prevalence rates exceeding 15% in adults older than 65 years. […] FI is especially prevalent among adults admitted to the hospital and residing in nursing homes, with estimated rates up to 33% and 70%, respectively. […] In the National Gastrointestinal Survey, which consisted of more than 70,000 Americans, 1 in 7 responders had experienced FI in the past. […] One in 20 responders reported FI episodes in the previous 7 days. […] Latino individuals were found to have the most severe and highest likelihood of FI among all ethnicities. […] Over the next 30 years, the prevalence of FI is estimated to increase by 60%, affecting up to 17 million American women. […] However, accounting for FI prevalence only in women may lead to gross underestimation.

• #5 Epidemiologic Trends and Diagnostic Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/june-2020/epidemiologic-trends-and-diagnostic-evaluation-of-fecal-incontinence/

  However, accounting for FI prevalence only in women may lead to gross underestimation. […] Multiple large-scale epidemiologic studies have demonstrated similar prevalence rates of FI between men and women. […] The prevalence of FI in women peaks in the fifth decade of life at 22% and remains stable into the ninth decade. […] These epidemiologic trends suggest a multiple-hit hypothesis for FI in women. […] In a recent Internet-based survey of approximately 6000 responders in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, 16% reported FI. […] One in 20 responders reported FI episodes in the previous 7 days. […] In the National Gastrointestinal Survey, which consisted of more than 70,000 Americans, 1 in 7 responders had experienced FI in the past. […] Latino individuals were found to have the most severe and highest likelihood of FI among all ethnicities. […] FI is especially prevalent among adults admitted to the hospital and residing in nursing homes, with estimated rates up to 33% and 70%, respectively. […] Due to mounting caregiver burden, FI is the second most frequent reason for referral to nursing home placement.

• #6 Fecal Incontinence in U.S. Adults: Epidemiology and Risk Factors

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2748224/

  The study aims were to estimate the prevalence of different types and frequencies of fecal incontinence (FI), describe demographic factors, and identify risk factors. […] The estimated prevalence of FI in non-institutionalized U.S. adults is 8.3% (CI 7.1, 9.5) and consists of liquid stool in 6.2%, solid stool in 1.6%, and mucus in 3.1%. It occurs at least weekly in 2.7%. Prevalence is similar in women (8.9%) and men (7.7%), and increases with age from 2.6% in 20-29 year-olds up to 15.3% in participants aged 70 and over. […] FI is a prevalent, age-related disorder. Chronic diarrhea is a strong modifiable risk factor which may form the basis for prevention and treatment. […] An estimated 8.3% (CI 7.1, 9.5) of non-institutionalized adults in the United States report FI at least once during the last 30 days; this estimate corresponds to 18 million people as of April 1 to July 1, 2006.

• #7 Epidemiologic Trends and Diagnostic Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8132710/

  Multiple large-scale epidemiologic studies have demonstrated similar prevalence rates of FI between men and women. […] Shifts in obstetric practice have resulted in declining rates of cesarean sections, episiotomy, and instrument-assisted delivery techniques such as those involving a vacuum or forceps. […] The prevalence of FI in women peaks in the fifth decade of life at 22% and remains stable into the ninth decade. […] These epidemiologic trends suggest a multiple-hit hypothesis for FI in women. […] Anorectal manometry for FI should include concomitant rectal sensory and compliance testing. […] The high-pressure zone of the anal canal comprises the puborectalis and the internal and external anal sphincters. […] High-resolution and high-definition anorectal manometry provide better spatial resolution of the anal sphincter pressure profile, eliminate the need for station pull-through limited by motion artifact, are much easier to calibrate, and are more accurate in detecting anal hypocontractility in FI compared to conventional probes.

• #8 Epidemiology of Fecal Incontinence: The Silent Affliction. | EBSCOhost

  http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=00029270&AN=16200446&h=s8NI4d0MNuZFpncGk37xut%2BmaKs77qb1WjSmFEHtZg1o8r82qM44ktoCGUZau8oIm0YeW2idQ6PgC4hBOf1uMQ%3D%3D&crl=f

  Epidemiology of Fecal Incontinence: The Silent Affliction. […] Fecal incontinence represents an embarrassing social problem, the magnitude of which remains largely unknown. […] The present study prospectively examined the prevalence and demographic distributions of fecal incontinence. […] The overall prevalence of fecal incontinence was 18.4%. […] Incontinence increased progressively with age and was 1.3 times more common in males than females. […] The prevalence of fecal incontinence appears to be more common than previously appreciated. […] Only a minority of individuals have ever discussed their problem with a physician.

• #9 Quality of Life Differences in Female and Male Patients with Fecal Incontinence

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5056/jnm15088

  Fecal incontinence is defined as an involuntary loss of solid, liquid or gas stool and implies a social problem for the affected individual. Although prevalence is estimated to be 1.4% to 3% of community-dwelling adults, higher figures of up to 12% have been reported. It is thought that prevalence may be underestimated because patients are often reluctant to report their symptoms. Australian, New Zealand, Spanish, and Korean studies have reported prevalence rates of 15%, 12.4%, 10.8%, and 6.4% respectively, for random samples drawn from the general population. Although prevalence in women is thought to be higher than in men, usually as a consequence of childbirth-related injuries, some studies have failed to find clear epidemiological differences between the sexes, whereas other studies have actually reported higher prevalence rates for men than for women. In a systematic review, Chiarelli et al found very similar prevalence rates for both sexes. Moreover, it has been suggested that prevalence data may be distorted by men being more unwilling to report fecal incontinence than women.

• #10 Fecal incontinence – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_incontinence

  Fecal incontinence is thought to be very common, but much under-reported due to embarrassment. One study reported a prevalence of 2.2% in the general population. It affects people of all ages but is more common in older adults (but it should not be considered a normal part of aging). Females are more likely to develop it than males (63% of those with fecal incontinence over 30 may be female). In 2014, the National Center for Health Statistics reported that one out of every six seniors in the U.S. who lived in their own homes or apartments had fecal incontinence. Men and women were equally affected. 45-50% of people with fecal incontinence have severe physical or mental disabilities. People with dementia are four times more likely to have fecal incontinence compared to people of similar ages.

• #11 Fecal Incontinence: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/268674-overview

  Fecal incontinence has many etiologies. One or a combination of several factors can lead to the inability to control passage of stool or flatus. […] A 2015 summary of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and classification of fecal incontinence from the 2013 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Workshop has been published. […] Exact data on the prevalence of fecal incontinence are difficult to obtain. This is partly because patients are reluctant to volunteer information about their condition to their health care provider. Fewer than 30% of women with fecal incontinence seek medical attention. […] The reported prevalence of fecal incontinence in the general population is approximately 2-3%. […] In the nursing home setting, the prevalence of fecal incontinence approaches 50% and can be a primary cause for admission.

• #12 Fecal incontinence – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_incontinence

  Risk factors include age, female gender, urinary incontinence, history of vaginal delivery (non-Caesarean section childbirth), obesity, prior anorectal surgery, poor general health, and physical limitations. Combined urinary and fecal incontinence is sometimes termed double incontinence, and it is more likely to be present in those with urinary incontinence. […] Traditionally, fecal incontinence was thought to be an insignificant complication of surgery, but it is now known that a variety of different procedures are associated with this possible complication, and sometimes at high levels. Examples are midline internal sphincterotomy (8% risk), lateral internal sphincterotomy, fistulectomy, fistulotomy (18-52%), hemorrhoidectomy (33%), ileo-anal reservoir reconstruction, lower anterior resection, total abdominal colectomy, ureterosigmoidostomy, and anal dilation (Lord’s procedure, 0-50%). Some authors consider obstetric trauma to be the most common cause.

• #13 The Mexican consensus on fecal incontinence | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-the-mexican-consensus-on-fecal-articulo-S2255534X23001160

  Fecal incontinence is known to be a frequent entity whose incidence increases as individuals age, but one that is under-recognized. […] The overall prevalence of FI varies from 7-15% (range 2-35%) on average in Western countries. […] Epidemiologic studies estimate that FI affects 2% of the population under 65 years of age, 10% of the population above 65 years of age, and up to 50% of all patients that live in nursing homes. […] In Mexico, according to the SIGAME study, prevalence is 4.7% in the general population, with a mean age of 49.5 + 13 years and a predominance of women (67%). […] Numerous risk factors are associated with FI and they are described in the statements below and summarized in Table 2. […] Women are at greater risk for fecal incontinence, compared with men. […] The risk for presenting with FI increases with age.

• #14 The Mexican consensus on fecal incontinence | Revista de Gastroenterología de México

  https://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/en-the-mexican-consensus-on-fecal-articulo-S2255534X23001160

  Obesity/overweight can be a risk factor for fecal incontinence. […] Obstetric trauma (perineal tear, forceps, episiotomy) is a determining risk factor for fecal incontinence. […] Anorectal surgery (sphincterotomy, fistula, hemorrhoidectomy) increases the risk for fecal incontinence due to structural pelvic floor injury. […] Urinary incontinence can coexist in patients with fecal incontinence. […] Lumbar and/or sacral trauma is associated with fecal incontinence. […] Longstanding diabetes mellitus (especially in patients with inadequate glycemic control) is a risk factor for fecal incontinence. […] Post-cholecystectomy diarrhea can be considered an associated risk factor for fecal incontinence. […] Fecal incontinence can coexist in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, especially in those with the diarrhea subtype (ibs-d). […] The pathophysiology of fecal incontinence is complex and multifactorial. Over 80% of patients have more than one alteration; thus, every effort should be made to determine the pathophysiology so that personalized treatment can be provided.

• #15

  https://journals.lww.com/ajg/fulltext/2015/01000/epidemiology,_pathophysiology,_and_classification.17.aspx?generateEpub=Article%7Cajg:2015:01000:00017%7C10.1038/ajg.2014.396%7C

  In August 2013, the National Institutes of Health sponsored a conference to address major gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of fecal incontinence (FI) and to identify topics for future clinical research. FI is a common symptom, with a prevalence that ranges from 7 to 15% in community-dwelling men and women, but it is often underreported, as providers seldom screen for FI and patients do not volunteer the symptom, even though the symptoms can have a devastating impact on the quality of life. […] Rough estimates suggest that FI is associated with a substantial economic burden, particularly in patients who require surgical therapy. Bowel disturbances, particularly diarrhea, the symptom of rectal urgency, and burden of chronic illness are the strongest independent risk factors for FI in the community. […] Despite the basic understanding of FI, there are still major knowledge gaps in disease epidemiology and pathogenesis, necessitating future clinical research in FI.

• #16 Epidemiologic Trends and Diagnostic Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence – Gastroenterology & Hepatology

  https://www.gastroenterologyandhepatology.net/archives/june-2020/epidemiologic-trends-and-diagnostic-evaluation-of-fecal-incontinence/

  Fecal incontinence (FI) is a prevalent condition that occurs in up to 15% of the Western population and significantly impairs quality of life. […] The current understanding of the epidemiology of FI is shifting because of an increasing recognition of FI in men, better appreciation for the impact of changing obstetric practices on FI in women, and comprehension of the effect of modifiable risk factors on the development of FI over time. […] Fecal incontinence (FI) is present in 7% to 15% of the general Western population and is associated with a considerable impact on quality of life, which, in turn, is compounded by social stigma, leading to isolation and confinement to home. […] Over the next 30 years, the prevalence of FI is estimated to increase by 60%, affecting up to 17 million American women.

• #17 Japanese Practice Guidelines for Fecal Incontinence Part 1-Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology and Causes, Risk Factors, Clinical Evaluations, and Symptomatic Scores and QoL Questionnaire for Clinical Evaluations-English Version

  https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jarc/5/1/5_2020-057/_article

  Fecal incontinence (FI) is defined as involuntary or uncontrollable loss of feces. […] The prevalence of FI in people over 65 in Japan is 8.7% in the male population and 6.6% among females. […] The etiology of FI is usually not limited to one specific cause, with risk factors for FI including physiological factors, such as age and gender; comorbidities, such as diabetes and irritable bowel syndrome; and obstetric factors, such as multiple deliveries, home delivery, first vaginal delivery, and forceps delivery. […] For the clinical evaluation of FI, it is useful to use Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), such as scores and questionnaires, to evaluate the symptomatic severity of FI and its influence over quality of life (QoL).

• #18 Quality of Life Differences in Female and Male Patients with Fecal Incontinence

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?uid=1068&vmd=Full

  The QoL of people with fecal incontinence is usually severely affected and the impact on their life in general can be devastating; in many cases, the patient experiences severe psychological suffering and social isolation. Although QoL for patients with fecal incontinence has been researched, little has been said about the impact of gender. Knowledge of how gender affects QoL can be of great importance when treating and counseling patients. The main aim of our study was to assess QoL differences in women and men with fecal incontinence attending our motility unit and living in the community. Our hypothesis was that women have poorer QoL compared to men and consequently score lower in FIQL. […] Our main finding was that, for the same clinical severity, fecal incontinence had a greater impact on QoL in women compared to men, with statistically significant differences for each individual FIQL subscales and in the EQ-5D index. In addition, these differences between the sexes persisted when the sample was divided in 2 groups, one with Wexner 9 and the other with Wexner 9, as a suggested cutpoint where FI affects significantly QoL. A secondary finding was that the pathophysiology of fecal incontinence differed significantly between men and women, although clinical symptoms were similar. Our results suggest that the patients sex has a greater impact on QoL than severity, age and anxiety/depression.

• #19 Fecal Incontinence: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/268674-overview

  Rates of fecal incontinence in women have been investigated, both in the immediate and remote postpartum period. At 3-6 months after vaginal or cesarean delivery, as many as 13-25% of women report fecal incontinence. […] In a population-based, postnatal survey of 6000 women (age 30-90 y), the prevalence of fecal incontinence (defined as at least monthly loss of liquid or solid stool) was 7.2%. […] The financial cost of fecal incontinence is significant. More than $400 million is spent each year for adult diapers that control urinary and fecal incontinence. It is the second leading cause of admission to long-term care facilities in the United States.

• #20 Fecal Incontinence | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/21655

  The prevalence of fecal incontinence is difficult to estimate because often, this condition is underreported due to social stigma. The overall reported prevalence of fecal incontinence ranges from 2% to 21%, with a median of 7.7%. There is significant variation depending on age. The prevalence of fecal incontinence is reported as 7% in women younger than 30 years, which rises to 22% in their seventh decade. In geriatric patients, prevalence is reported as high as 25% to 35% of nursing home residents and 10% to 25% of hospitalized patients. Fecal incontinence is the second leading cause of nursing home placement in the geriatric population.[2][3] […] Overall, it appears that rates of fecal incontinence are on the rise. Following cesarean section, fecal incontinence is very common. Other factors linked to fecal incontinence include advanced age, vaginal delivery, and depression. Additionally, the cost of managing fecal incontinence is enormous. The public spends hundreds of millions of dollars on adult diapers to control fecal and urinary incontinence.

• #21 Key statistics on incontinence | Continence Health Australia (formerly the Continence Foundation of Australia)

  https://www.continence.org.au/about-us/our-work/key-statistics-incontinence

  Faecal incontinence affects 6% of Australian men and 10% of Australian women1. […] 62% of those with faecal incontinence in the community are women2. […] 44% of women living in the community with faecal incontinence are aged under 50 years2. […] Faecal incontinence is one of the three major reasons (along with decreased mobility and dementia) for admittance to a residential aged care facility7. […] In 2009, 67% and 55% of residents of aged care facilities were found to need care for urinary incontinence and faecal incontinence, respectively2.

• #22 The Epidemiology, Natural History and Prevention of Pelvic Floor Disorders | GLOWM

  https://beta.glowm.com/section-view/heading/The-Epidemiology-Natural-History-and-Prevention-of-Pelvic-Floor-Disorders/item/825

  Fecal/anal incontinence is common during the first months postpartum, but the majority of women with these early problems will recover. […] In a recent cross-sectional study on fecal incontinence 1/month in adults (aged 18 years) the overall community prevalence of FI was 12.4%. […] Reported prevalence of anal incontinence (AI) and FI after childbirth vary considerably due to lack of consistency in definition, type of questionnaire, selected population, and mainly to length of follow-up. […] The association between sphincter injury at delivery and subsequent late incontinence of stool is complex. […] A 2nd degree or more tear has been shown to be associated with an almost doubled prevalence of late FI compared with women without 2nd degree or more tears 22.8 versus 13.9%. […] The role of episiotomy in the short term for subsequent bowel continence is uncertain. […] In a study of late FI it was shown that the rate of FI after an episiotomy was similar to that after cesarean section (11.1 versus 10.6%).

• #23 Scholarly Article or Book Chapter | Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Classification of Fecal Incontinence: State of the Science Summary for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Workshop | ID: z603r5709 | Carolina D

  https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/articles/z603r5709

  In August 2013, the National Institutes of Health sponsored a conference to address major gaps in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of fecal incontinence (FI) and to identify topics for future clinical research. […] FI is a common symptom, with a prevalence that ranges from 7 to 15% in community-dwelling men and women, but is often underreported as providers seldom screen for FI and patients do not volunteer the symptom, even though the symptoms can have a devastating impact on quality of life. […] Despite the basic understanding of FI, there are still major knowledge gaps in disease epidemiology and pathogenesis, necessitating future clinical research in FI.

• #24 Epidemiology of combined urinary and fecal incontinence – Acta Paulista de Enfermagem

  https://acta-ape.org/en/article/epidemiology-of-combined-urinary-and-fecal-incontinence/

  Epidemiology of combined urinary and fecal incontinence […] The shortage of studies on urinary and fecal incontinence makes difficult the implementation of preventive and therapeutic interventions to address the physical, psychological, and economic problems among patients with these conditions. […] The lack of national publications and paucity of international literature on the epidemiology of combined urinary and fecal incontinence led to the performance of this literature review.

• #25 Faecal Incontinence: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/faecal-incontinence

  Faecal incontinence is the inability to control or the involuntary discharge of stool or gas. It is estimated to affect 8-9% of the population. Middle-aged women and nursing home residents are more commonly affected. Advancing age, diarrhoea, urinary incontinence and multiple childbirths, particularly vaginal delivery with sphincter tear, are independent risk factors. Faecal incontinence significantly affects quality of life. […] A study using data from The Health Improvement Network, a UK primary care database, reported a rate of first diagnosis per 1,000 person years of 3.1 for men and 3.6 for women aged 60-89 years. For people with dementia, these figures increased by a factor of at least 4. Rates of 60% are observed in those living in care homes. […] By virtue of the nature of the condition, faecal incontinence remains largely a hidden problem. Active but sensitive case finding may be required, particularly in high-risk groups.

• #26 Review: Fecal Incontinence in Older Adults – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/digestive-health/journal.aspx?id=1976

  Fecal incontinence is estimated to affect 14%36% of the U.S. population, and aging is a principal risk factor […] In Clinics in Geriatrics, Trisha Pasricha, MD, resident fellow in Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, and Kyle Staller, MD, MPH, director of the Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory in the Mass General Division of Gastroenterology, recently reviewed the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and management of FI in older adults. This summary highlights information that is particularly important for primary care clinicians. […] Primary care clinicians should periodically ask all older patients about FI, and more frequent screening is warranted for those with risk factors. […] Many patients have never heard the term „fecal incontinence.” „Accidental bowel leakage” is a good example of an alternative term to use for screening.

• #27 Epidemiology of Fecal Incontinence: The Silent Affliction. | EBSCOhost

  http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=00029270&AN=16200446&h=s8NI4d0MNuZFpncGk37xut%2BmaKs77qb1WjSmFEHtZg1o8r82qM44ktoCGUZau8oIm0YeW2idQ6PgC4hBOf1uMQ%3D%3D&crl=c

  Epidemiology of Fecal Incontinence: The Silent Affliction. […] Objective: Fecal incontinence represents an embarrassing social problem, the magnitude of which remains largely unknown. The present study prospectively examined the prevalence and demographic distributions of fecal incontinence. […] Results: Eight hundred and eighty-one individuals 18 yr or older were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of fecal incontinence was 18.4%. When stratified by frequency, 2.7, 4.5, and 7.1% of participants admitted to incontinence daily, weekly, or once per month or less, respectively. Incontinence increased progressively with age and was 1.3 times more common in males than females. […] Conclusions: The prevalence of fecal incontinence appears to be more common than previously appreciated. Moreover, only a minority of individuals have ever discussed their problem with a physician. It would seem important to more actively pursue this „silent affliction” particularly in patients who do not readily volunteer this information.

• #28 Fecal Incontinence Market Size, Trends and Forecast 2024-2034

  https://www.imarcgroup.com/fecal-incontinence-market

  The diagnosis of fecal incontinence involves a comprehensive evaluation of medical history, clinical features, and a physical examination. […] The increasing cases of injuries or trauma that affect the muscles or nerves in the rectum and anus, leading to loss of bowel control, are primarily driving the fecal incontinence market. […] The report also provides the current and future patient pool across the seven major markets.

• #29 Faecal incontinence in the elderly: epidemiology and management. – Document – Gale OneFile: Health and Medicine

  https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA200669573&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=1170229X&p=HRCA&sw=w

  Faecal incontinence occurs in up to 10% of community dwelling persons ?65 years of age and approximately 50% of nursing home residents. […] It is a vastly under-reported problem that has a devastating effect on those who experience it as well as their spouses and caregivers. […] The most important of these is anorectal manometry, which can be supplemented by studies of structure (anal ultrasonography or pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging) and neuromuscular function (electromyogram). […] Significant improvement in quality of life can be achieved in most elderly persons with faecal incontinence.

• #30 Epidemiologic Trends and Diagnostic Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8132710/

  FI is a common problem that significantly impacts quality of life. […] Health care providers should strongly consider screening for this condition in both male and female patients over 55 years of age. […] Modifiable risk factors should be identified, and, when possible, changes in hormonal therapy, increased fiber intake, and regular exercise should be encouraged. […] Further diagnostic evaluation assessing anorectal sensorimotor function, nerve function, and anatomy aids in the understanding of multifactorial pathologic insults in FI and can be used to guide management.

• #31

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/fecal-incontinence-expanded

  Fecal incontinence is a major burden to both patients and society. Patients are often significantly embarrassed as a result of accidents or soiling of clothing. Unfortunately, many of these patients suffer in silence because they are afraid even to discuss it with their own family or physician. Incontinence can lead to a patient changing their lifestyle in avoidance of certain social activities, changes in employment, and can strain personal relationships. All of these things can negatively impact a patients quality of life. Medical costs, supply costs, and days lost from work all place a significant burden on society as well. […] It is difficult to identify the exact number of people who have fecal incontinence in the general population. One of the difficulties in measuring how many people have fecal incontinence is that patients questioned about incontinence often under-report their symptoms. Studies in the literature show rates of fecal incontinence between vary from 1.5-18% of the general.

• #32

  https://fascrs.org/patients/diseases-and-conditions/a-z/fecal-incontinence-expanded

  Fecal incontinence is approximately twice as common among women as it is among men. Thirty percent of those who reported incontinence were older than age 65. It is a much more common condition than many people believe. It is important that patients not feel alone or have a fear bringing fecal incontinence issues to the attention of their health care providers. Treatment for fecal incontinence can significantly improve a patients quality of life.

• #33 Top Published Expert Doctors for Fecal Incontinence

  https://findexpertmd.com/d/Fecal_Incontinence

  930 top medical experts on Fecal Incontinence across 52 countries and 43 U.S. states, including 856 MDs (Physicians). This is based on an objective analysis of their Scientific Publications, Clinical Trials, Medicare, and NIH Grants. […] Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: at least 241 including 6 Active, 133 Completed, 33 Recruiting.

• #34 Review: Fecal Incontinence in Older Adults – Mass General Advances in Motion

  https://advances.massgeneral.org/digestive-health/journal.aspx?id=1976

  The anorectum-specific treatments with the best evidence are sacral nerve stimulation, a type of neuromodulation involving outpatient surgical implantation of electrodes adjacent to the sacral nerves, and biofeedback, which aims to retrain the patient’s neuromuscular coordination and improve rectal sensation.

• #35 Fecal Incontinence Therapeutics Market Size Expected to Surge with a CAGR of 3.96% in the 7MM During the Study Period 2018-30 | DelveInsight

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fecal-incontinence-therapeutics-market-size-expected-to-surge-with-a-cagr-of-3-96-in-the-7mm-during-the-study-period-2018-30–delveinsight-301369748.html

  DelveInsight’s Fecal Incontinence Market Insights Report offers historical as well as forecasted epidemiological analysis during the study period 2018-30 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Fecal Incontinence Prevalence, Gender-specific Fecal Incontinence Prevalent Cases, Risk-based Fecal Incontinence Prevalent Cases, Frequency-based Fecal Incontinence Cases. […] DelveInsight’s Fecal Incontinence market analysis demonstrated that the United States accounted for approximately 59% of the total Fecal Incontinence market share in the 7MM in 2020. Further, the 7MM Fecal Incontinence market share is anticipated to boost in the coming next decade owing to the launch of emerging technologies, therapies such as autologous muscle progenitor cells that are potential alternative therapies for the condition.

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