Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Fecal-Soiling.aspx

  Fecal soiling, referred to medically as encopresis in children over four years of age, affects about 1.5 percent of young school children, with boys outnumbering girls by a ratio of six to one. […] In most cases, however, fecal soiling is not voluntary, but occurs when emotional stress, resistance to toilet training, or physical pain during bowel movements causes a child to resist having bowel movements. […] If the problem continues beyond one or two accidents, however, be sure to make an appointment with your child’s pediatrician. […] Congenital megacolon or Hirschsprung’s disease (a congenital condition that prevents a child from feeling the sensation of having a full bowel), ulcerative colitis, allergies, or even a diet containing too many dairy products or high-fat foods can sometimes lead to accidental soiling.

• #2 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Encopresis, also known as functional fecal incontinence or soiling, is when children pass stool (poop) into their underwear, in most cases accidentally. It occurs in children 4 years of age and older who have been toilet trained. The condition is more common in boys than girls. It affects 1% to 4% of children who are 4 years old, and the frequency of this condition decreases with older age. […] Encopresis can be caused by: […] Constipation. […] The most common cause of encopresis is constipation. When a child experiences constipation, its difficult to have a bowel movement because their stool is dry and hard inside their colon and it can be painful to pass. […] Encopresis could be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Possible conditions that have encopresis as a symptom include: […] Encopresis could be the result of emotional stress, behavioral challenges or fear that affects the actions of your child.

• #3 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  Encopresis (or faecal soiling) is one of the most frustrating difficulties of middle childhood, affecting approximately 1.5% of young school children (von Gontard, 2013). […] Encopresis is a common complaint amongst parents who visit the Quirky Kid Clinic as it often occurs in the context of other behavioural issues such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or separation anxiety. […] According to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-V) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) encopresis (or otherwise known as Elimination Disorder) is essentially the repeated passing of stools into inappropriate places, after the age at which toilet training is expected to be accomplished. […] There are two basic categories of encopresis i) primary encopresis-which refers to children who have never attained bowel control, ii) secondary encopresis-which refers to soiling after successfully attaining toilet control usually brought upon by entering a stressful environment (such as family conflict).

• #4 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  If your child has bowel movements (BMs) in places other than the toilet, you know how frustrating it can be. […] But many kids beyond the age of toilet teaching (generally older than 4 years) who soil their underwear have a condition known as encopresis (en-kah-PREE-sis). They have a problem with their bowels that dulls the normal urge to go to the bathroom. So they can’t control the accidents that usually follow. […] Encopresis isn’t a disease. It’s a symptom that may have different causes. […] Most encopresis cases are due to constipation. Stool (poop) is hard, dry, and difficult to pass when a person is constipated. Many kids „hold” their BMs to avoid the pain they feel when they go to the bathroom, which sets the stage for having a poop accident. […] Causes of hard poop can include: diet, such as not eating enough fiber or having too much dairy; illness; not drinking enough liquids; fear of the toilet during potty training; limited access to a toilet or a toilet that’s not private (like at school); stress, or a change in schedule or routine; some medical conditions, like thyroid problems.

• #5 Encopresis: Definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/encopresis

  Encopresis is when toilet trained children leak stool into their underwear. Doctors also call it stool soiling. […] Estimates say that up to 3% of children under 12 years of age experience stool soiling. […] Possible causes include chronic, or long-term, constipation, and emotional stress. […] Stool soiling is usually involuntary and can cause feelings of anxiety, shame, and guilt for the child. […] Encopresis can result from biological, developmental, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Potential causes include: […] Doctors most commonly associate encopresis with chronic constipation and the withholding of a bowel movement. According to some research, 90-95% of children with the condition also experience constipation and stool retention. […] When stool is hard and difficult to pass, it can become impacted in the rectum and colon. This is known as fecal impaction. Eventually, liquid stool begins to leak around the hard stool, leading to stool soiling.

• #6 Encopresis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/encopresis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354494

  Encopresis (en-ko-PREE-sis), sometimes called fecal incontinence or soiling, is the repeated passing of stool (usually involuntarily) into clothing. […] In most cases, soiling is a symptom of long-standing constipation. […] There are several causes of encopresis, including constipation and emotional issues. […] Most cases of encopresis are the result of chronic constipation. […] The longer the stool remains in the colon, the more difficult it is for the child to push stool out. […] Some causes of constipation include: Withholding stool due to fear of using the toilet (especially when away from home) or because passing stool is painful. […] Emotional stress may trigger encopresis.

• #7 Soiling (Encopresis) | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/encopresis

  If your child has bowel movements (BMs) in places other than the toilet, you know how frustrating it can be. […] But many kids beyond the age of toilet teaching (generally older than 4 years) who soil their underwear have a condition known as encopresis (en-kah-PREE-sis). They have a problem with their bowels that dulls the normal urge to go to the bathroom. So they can’t control the accidents that usually follow. […] Encopresis isn’t a disease. It’s a symptom that may have different causes. […] Most encopresis cases are due to constipation. Stool (poop) is hard, dry, and difficult to pass when a person is constipated. Many kids „hold” their BMs to avoid the pain they feel when they go to the bathroom, which sets the stage for having a poop accident. […] Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines).

• #8 Encopresis in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/encopresis

  Encopresis is the involuntary leaking of feces, most often caused by chronic constipation. An estimated 1 to 3 percent of children have this problem at one time or another in childhood. […] Constipation can cause a child’s bowel movements to be hard, dry, difficult to pass, and so large that they can clog the toilet. Encopresis happens when soft or liquid feces leak out of the rectum. Constipation leads to encopresis in the following way: A child’s stool becomes impacted, which means a large amount of it gets stuck in the rectum and large intestine. The impacted stool stretches the rectum and intestine, causing them to become enlarged. Eventually, the enlarged rectum and intestine lose their ability to detect the presence of stool. The anal sphincter, the muscle that helps hold stool in, becomes weak. Soft stool starts to leak around the impacted stool, soiling the child’s underwear and clothes. As more stool collects, it becomes even more difficult to hold it in and the child has more accidents. Because of decreased sensitivity in the rectum, the child may not even be aware they’ve had an accident until after it has occurred.

• #9 Bladder and bowel | East Sussex

  https://www.eastsussexchildren.nhs.uk/bladder-and-bowel/

  Soiling is when a child regularly poos their pants. If they’re already potty-trained, the soiling is usually because they are badly constipated. Treatment from a GP can help. […] Soiling usually happens when a child is so constipated that a large, hard piece of poo becomes stuck at the end of their gut (rectum). […] If your child is pooing their pants (soiling) because they’re constipated, a GP can prescribe laxatives to clear out the hard poo and get your child pooing regularly and comfortably again. […] A GP may refer your child to a specialist for treatment if they think soiling could be caused by another medical condition.

• #10 Encopresis in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/encopresis

  Encopresis is the involuntary leaking of feces, most often caused by chronic constipation. An estimated 1 to 3 percent of children have this problem at one time or another in childhood. […] Constipation can cause a child’s bowel movements to be hard, dry, difficult to pass, and so large that they can clog the toilet. Encopresis happens when soft or liquid feces leak out of the rectum. Constipation leads to encopresis in the following way: A child’s stool becomes impacted, which means a large amount of it gets stuck in the rectum and large intestine. The impacted stool stretches the rectum and intestine, causing them to become enlarged. Eventually, the enlarged rectum and intestine lose their ability to detect the presence of stool. The anal sphincter, the muscle that helps hold stool in, becomes weak. Soft stool starts to leak around the impacted stool, soiling the child’s underwear and clothes. As more stool collects, it becomes even more difficult to hold it in and the child has more accidents. Because of decreased sensitivity in the rectum, the child may not even be aware they’ve had an accident until after it has occurred.

• #11 Encopresis Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, & More

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/encopresis

  As more and more stool collects in the child’s lower intestine (colon), the colon slowly stretches (sometimes called megacolon). […] As the colon stretches more and more, the child loses the natural urge to pass a bowel movement. […] Eventually, looser, partly formed stool from higher up in the intestine leaks around the large collection of harder, more formed stool at the bottom of the colon (rectum) and then leaks out of the anus (the opening from the rectum to the outside of the body). […] Because the stool is not passing normally through the colon, it often becomes very dark and sticky and may have a very foul smell. […] Over time, the child with encopresis may also develop incoordination of the muscles used to pass bowel movements. […] Many parents assume the soiling is the result of the child being lazy or that the child is soiling intentionally. In most cases, this is not the case. Children with encopresis are no more likely than other children to have major behavioral or emotional problems.

• #12 Soiling (Encopresis) | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/encopresis

  Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse. […] Kids can’t prevent this soiling and sometimes don’t know it’s happening because the nerves aren’t sending the signals that regulate pooping. […] Supporting kids and finding and treating the cause of the soiling will help it get better.

• #13 Soiling (Encopresis) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/health-article/soiling-encopresis/

  Some kids may develop chronic constipation after stressful life events such as a divorce or the death of a close relative. […] Rectal surgery or birth defects such as Hirschsprung disease and spina bifida can cause constipation or encopresis without constipation, but this is uncommon. […] When a child holds in BMs, the poop starts building up in the rectum and may back up into the colon and a frustrating cycle begins. […] Kids cant prevent this soiling nor do they have any idea its happening because the nerves arent sending the signals that regulate pooping. […] Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines). […] Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse.

• #14 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines). […] Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse. […] Keep in mind that relapses are normal, so don’t get discouraged. Your child might get constipated again or soil their pants during treatment, especially when being weaned off of the stool softeners. […] Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again.

• #15 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  If your child has bowel movements (BMs) in places other than the toilet, you know how frustrating it can be. […] But many kids beyond the age of toilet teaching (generally older than 4 years) who soil their underwear have a condition known as encopresis (en-kah-PREE-sis). They have a problem with their bowels that dulls the normal urge to go to the bathroom. So they can’t control the accidents that usually follow. […] Encopresis isn’t a disease. It’s a symptom that may have different causes. […] Most encopresis cases are due to constipation. Stool (poop) is hard, dry, and difficult to pass when a person is constipated. Many kids „hold” their BMs to avoid the pain they feel when they go to the bathroom, which sets the stage for having a poop accident. […] Causes of hard poop can include: diet, such as not eating enough fiber or having too much dairy; illness; not drinking enough liquids; fear of the toilet during potty training; limited access to a toilet or a toilet that’s not private (like at school); stress, or a change in schedule or routine; some medical conditions, like thyroid problems.

• #16 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. Risk factors for constipation include: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, junk-food diet; Drinking mostly soft drinks and sugary drinks; Not drinking enough water and fruit juices; Lack of exercise; Not wanting to use public bathrooms; Feeling stressed with family, with friends, or at school; Being too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom; Having a change in bathroom routine. This includes starting a new school year, when a child has fewer bathroom breaks. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. Some children may get bladder infections. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. Children who have a negative experience using the toilet may avoid going to the bathroom. This leads to constipation and, over time, encopresis. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active.

• #17 Encopresis (Fecal Soiling) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/encopresis-fecal-soiling-a-to-z

  Encopresis is when a child who is toilet trained passes stool (bowel movements) into his or her underwear. […] In most children, encopresis is related to chronic constipation. […] Chronic constipation that turns into encopresis can have many different causes. These include: Tension and anxiety because of problems during toilet training, A diet that is low in fiber, found in: Fruits, Vegetables, Whole grains, A diet that is high in foods that tend to cause constipation, such as: Whole milk, Cheese, White rice, White bread, Not drinking enough liquids, An inactive lifestyle with too little exercise, Fear and anxiety about using an unfamiliar bathroom, Not paying attention to the feeling (urge) that it’s time to have a bowel movement, A fissure, Hypothyroidism. […] No matter what the initial cause of a child’s chronic constipation, the end result is the same. A large chunk of stool builds up and stretches the rectum until it loses its normal tone and feeling. This makes it more difficult for the rectum to push out the stool.

• #18 Encopresis in Children | Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/e/encopresis

  Children with encopresis, also called soiling, have bowel movements or leak a small amount of stool in their underclothes or on themselves. Soiling is often the result of constipation. Constipation often begins when children hold back, or with-hold, their bowel movements. […] Some reasons that children start holding bowel movements include: Pain before, during or after pooping, Illnesses, Hot weather, Changes in diet, not drinking enough fluids, Travel, Diaper rashes that cause pain when the child has a bowel movement, Having to use bathrooms that offer less privacy than children are used to, Not taking the time out during play or other activities to go to the bathroom when children feel the urge to poop. […] Children who have emotional or behavioral issues can have trouble with soiling. There are more serious medical problems that children are born with that can cause encopresis, but these are rare.

• #19 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. Risk factors for constipation include: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, junk-food diet; Drinking mostly soft drinks and sugary drinks; Not drinking enough water and fruit juices; Lack of exercise; Not wanting to use public bathrooms; Feeling stressed with family, with friends, or at school; Being too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom; Having a change in bathroom routine. This includes starting a new school year, when a child has fewer bathroom breaks. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. Some children may get bladder infections. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. Children who have a negative experience using the toilet may avoid going to the bathroom. This leads to constipation and, over time, encopresis. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active.

• #20 Encopresis in Children – A Quick Guide – Child Mind Institute

  https://childmind.org/guide/quick-guide-to-encopresis/

  Other times, encopresis happens when a child has a bad experience with toilet training or when they start school and have to use a public or shared bathroom for the first time. […] Other upsetting things in a child’s life — like moving or parents getting a divorce — can cause constipation that leads to encopresis. […] Encopresis sometimes goes along with developmental disorders. In those cases, the child might never have been toilet trained. When kids who have already been toilet trained develop encopresis, the cause is usually some kind of stressful experience.

• #21 Encopresis in Children | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/encopresis

  Encopresis is usually the result of chronic constipation, which can be easily overlooked in children. There’s often no clear cause although constipation sometimes does run in families. Certain foods, behaviors, and situations can contribute to constipation, including: A “junk-food” diet that is low in fiber, Lack of exercise, Stress in the family, with friends, or at school, Change in bathroom routine, such as when a child starts a new school year and bathroom breaks are less frequent, Being too busy to take time to use the bathroom, Painful bowel movements that make the child “hold it” in order to avoid further pain. Children who have never been toilet trained and refuse to have a bowel movement on the toilet are also at risk of developing encopresis.

• #22 Encopresis in Children – A Quick Guide – Child Mind Institute

  https://childmind.org/guide/quick-guide-to-encopresis/

  Other times, encopresis happens when a child has a bad experience with toilet training or when they start school and have to use a public or shared bathroom for the first time. […] Other upsetting things in a child’s life — like moving or parents getting a divorce — can cause constipation that leads to encopresis. […] Encopresis sometimes goes along with developmental disorders. In those cases, the child might never have been toilet trained. When kids who have already been toilet trained develop encopresis, the cause is usually some kind of stressful experience.

• #23

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Fecal-Soiling.aspx

  Fecal soiling can occur when a child is anxious or emotionally distraught over some aspect of his life over which he has little control, such as family conflicts, academic difficulties, or problems with social relationships. […] Physical and sexual abuse may also need to be considered if soiling continues.

• #24 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. Risk factors for constipation include: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, junk-food diet; Drinking mostly soft drinks and sugary drinks; Not drinking enough water and fruit juices; Lack of exercise; Not wanting to use public bathrooms; Feeling stressed with family, with friends, or at school; Being too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom; Having a change in bathroom routine. This includes starting a new school year, when a child has fewer bathroom breaks. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. Some children may get bladder infections. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. Children who have a negative experience using the toilet may avoid going to the bathroom. This leads to constipation and, over time, encopresis. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active.

• #25 Encopresis (Fecal Soiling) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/encopresis-fecal-soiling-a-to-z

  Encopresis is when a child who is toilet trained passes stool (bowel movements) into his or her underwear. […] In most children, encopresis is related to chronic constipation. […] Chronic constipation that turns into encopresis can have many different causes. These include: Tension and anxiety because of problems during toilet training, A diet that is low in fiber, found in: Fruits, Vegetables, Whole grains, A diet that is high in foods that tend to cause constipation, such as: Whole milk, Cheese, White rice, White bread, Not drinking enough liquids, An inactive lifestyle with too little exercise, Fear and anxiety about using an unfamiliar bathroom, Not paying attention to the feeling (urge) that it’s time to have a bowel movement, A fissure, Hypothyroidism. […] No matter what the initial cause of a child’s chronic constipation, the end result is the same. A large chunk of stool builds up and stretches the rectum until it loses its normal tone and feeling. This makes it more difficult for the rectum to push out the stool.

• #26 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  If your child has bowel movements (BMs) in places other than the toilet, you know how frustrating it can be. […] But many kids beyond the age of toilet teaching (generally older than 4 years) who soil their underwear have a condition known as encopresis (en-kah-PREE-sis). They have a problem with their bowels that dulls the normal urge to go to the bathroom. So they can’t control the accidents that usually follow. […] Encopresis isn’t a disease. It’s a symptom that may have different causes. […] Most encopresis cases are due to constipation. Stool (poop) is hard, dry, and difficult to pass when a person is constipated. Many kids „hold” their BMs to avoid the pain they feel when they go to the bathroom, which sets the stage for having a poop accident. […] Causes of hard poop can include: diet, such as not eating enough fiber or having too much dairy; illness; not drinking enough liquids; fear of the toilet during potty training; limited access to a toilet or a toilet that’s not private (like at school); stress, or a change in schedule or routine; some medical conditions, like thyroid problems.

• #27 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into their underwear. It’s also called stool soiling. It’s most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained. […] In most cases, encopresis happens because a child has long-term (chronic) constipation. […] Other causes of encopresis include: Colonic inertia, a condition where the colon doesnt move stool along as it should; Nerve damage to the muscle at the end of the digestive tract (anal sphincter). This keeps it from closing correctly; Fear of using the toilet; Rectal infections or tears; Emotional stress. […] Other health problems may cause chronic constipation. These include diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.

• #28 Encopresis in Children | Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/e/encopresis

  Children with encopresis, also called soiling, have bowel movements or leak a small amount of stool in their underclothes or on themselves. Soiling is often the result of constipation. Constipation often begins when children hold back, or with-hold, their bowel movements. […] Some reasons that children start holding bowel movements include: Pain before, during or after pooping, Illnesses, Hot weather, Changes in diet, not drinking enough fluids, Travel, Diaper rashes that cause pain when the child has a bowel movement, Having to use bathrooms that offer less privacy than children are used to, Not taking the time out during play or other activities to go to the bathroom when children feel the urge to poop. […] Children who have emotional or behavioral issues can have trouble with soiling. There are more serious medical problems that children are born with that can cause encopresis, but these are rare.

• #29 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. Risk factors for constipation include: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, junk-food diet; Drinking mostly soft drinks and sugary drinks; Not drinking enough water and fruit juices; Lack of exercise; Not wanting to use public bathrooms; Feeling stressed with family, with friends, or at school; Being too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom; Having a change in bathroom routine. This includes starting a new school year, when a child has fewer bathroom breaks. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. Some children may get bladder infections. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. Children who have a negative experience using the toilet may avoid going to the bathroom. This leads to constipation and, over time, encopresis. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active.

• #30 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into their underwear. It’s also called stool soiling. It’s most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained. […] In most cases, encopresis happens because a child has long-term (chronic) constipation. […] Other causes of encopresis include: Colonic inertia, a condition where the colon doesnt move stool along as it should; Nerve damage to the muscle at the end of the digestive tract (anal sphincter). This keeps it from closing correctly; Fear of using the toilet; Rectal infections or tears; Emotional stress. […] Other health problems may cause chronic constipation. These include diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.

• #31

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Fecal-Soiling.aspx

  Fecal soiling, referred to medically as encopresis in children over four years of age, affects about 1.5 percent of young school children, with boys outnumbering girls by a ratio of six to one. […] In most cases, however, fecal soiling is not voluntary, but occurs when emotional stress, resistance to toilet training, or physical pain during bowel movements causes a child to resist having bowel movements. […] If the problem continues beyond one or two accidents, however, be sure to make an appointment with your child’s pediatrician. […] Congenital megacolon or Hirschsprung’s disease (a congenital condition that prevents a child from feeling the sensation of having a full bowel), ulcerative colitis, allergies, or even a diet containing too many dairy products or high-fat foods can sometimes lead to accidental soiling.

• #32 Fecal Incontinence (Soiling): Causes, Treatment and Prognosis | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fecal-incontinence

  Fecal incontinence can be caused by medical conditions like chronic constipation or congenital conditions that may disrupt bowel control, including: spina bifida, anorectal malformations and Hirschsprung disease. […] Fecal incontinence (accidentally having bowel movements) is a very common problem in children. It can be caused by medical conditions like chronic constipation or congenital conditions that may disrupt bowel control, including: Spina bifida, anorectal malformations, Hirschsprung disease. […] Children with true fecal incontinence lack the ability to voluntarily have a bowel movement, so they require daily interventions to empty the colon of stool. However, there are two different types of true fecal incontinence and treatment for each varies: […] Pseudoincontinence or encopresis typically occurs in children with the ability to toilet train but who have developed severe, chronic constipation. This leads to stools that are infrequent or hard to pass.

• #33 Soiling (Encopresis) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/health-article/soiling-encopresis/

  Some kids may develop chronic constipation after stressful life events such as a divorce or the death of a close relative. […] Rectal surgery or birth defects such as Hirschsprung disease and spina bifida can cause constipation or encopresis without constipation, but this is uncommon. […] When a child holds in BMs, the poop starts building up in the rectum and may back up into the colon and a frustrating cycle begins. […] Kids cant prevent this soiling nor do they have any idea its happening because the nerves arent sending the signals that regulate pooping. […] Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines). […] Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse.

• #34 Fecal Incontinence (Soiling): Causes, Treatment and Prognosis | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fecal-incontinence

  Fecal incontinence can be caused by medical conditions like chronic constipation or congenital conditions that may disrupt bowel control, including: spina bifida, anorectal malformations and Hirschsprung disease. […] Fecal incontinence (accidentally having bowel movements) is a very common problem in children. It can be caused by medical conditions like chronic constipation or congenital conditions that may disrupt bowel control, including: Spina bifida, anorectal malformations, Hirschsprung disease. […] Children with true fecal incontinence lack the ability to voluntarily have a bowel movement, so they require daily interventions to empty the colon of stool. However, there are two different types of true fecal incontinence and treatment for each varies: […] Pseudoincontinence or encopresis typically occurs in children with the ability to toilet train but who have developed severe, chronic constipation. This leads to stools that are infrequent or hard to pass.

• #35 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into their underwear. It’s also called stool soiling. It’s most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained. […] In most cases, encopresis happens because a child has long-term (chronic) constipation. […] Other causes of encopresis include: Colonic inertia, a condition where the colon doesnt move stool along as it should; Nerve damage to the muscle at the end of the digestive tract (anal sphincter). This keeps it from closing correctly; Fear of using the toilet; Rectal infections or tears; Emotional stress. […] Other health problems may cause chronic constipation. These include diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.

• #36 Fecal Incontinence (Soiling): Causes, Treatment and Prognosis | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fecal-incontinence

  Bowel issues can also be triggered by how fast the colon pushes feces through to the rectum before it reaches the sphincter muscles. […] Hypomotility: In patients where the colon pushes stool slowly, feces tends to gather in the rectum which is larger than normal in most such patients. […] Fecal soiling can cause children intense embarrassment and social problems, and can be frustrating for both parents and children.

• #37 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into their underwear. It’s also called stool soiling. It’s most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. Encopresis happens to children ages 4 and older who have already been toilet trained. […] In most cases, encopresis happens because a child has long-term (chronic) constipation. […] Other causes of encopresis include: Colonic inertia, a condition where the colon doesnt move stool along as it should; Nerve damage to the muscle at the end of the digestive tract (anal sphincter). This keeps it from closing correctly; Fear of using the toilet; Rectal infections or tears; Emotional stress. […] Other health problems may cause chronic constipation. These include diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.

• #38 Encopresis: Definition, causes, symptoms, and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/encopresis

  Emotional issues can trigger encopresis. […] The condition is more common among children from homes where abuse is happening. However, any incident that a child perceives as stressful may trigger stool soiling. […] Children with mental health conditions or a challenging family environment may be more at risk of encopresis. […] Some other factors increase a child’s risk of developing encopresis and constipation. […] Encopresis is approximately twice as common among boys as girls. […] Having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases the risk of encopresis. […] Some medicines, especially those that cause constipation, increase the risk of encopresis. […] Eating a high-fat or high-sugar diet increases the risk of chronic constipation. Lack of adequate fluid intake also raises the risk. […] Children who avoid passing stool because they are too busy playing or they fear public restrooms, for example, have a greater risk of constipation.

• #39 Faecal incontinence, soiling or encopresis | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/school-age/health-daily-care/toileting/faecal-incontinence

  Faecal incontinence is when children who are 4 years old or older cant control when and where they do a poo. This means that they regularly do poos in places other than the toilet, most often in their underwear. […] Faecal incontinence is also called encopresis or soiling. […] The most common cause of faecal incontinence in children is chronic constipation. […] If children have been constipated for a long time, poo builds up in their rectum. This can cause the rectum to stretch. […] Other causes of faecal incontinence include rare neurological disorders and abnormalities of the anus. […] Constipation and faecal incontinence are more common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autistic children. […] The main symptom of faecal incontinence is pooing in places other than the toilet, usually in underwear. […] Because the most common cause of faecal incontinence is constipation, you might see symptoms of constipation in children with faecal incontinence. […] The treatment for faecal incontinence depends on its cause.

• #40 Your ADHD Child Poops Pants? Here’s What To Do

  https://www.joonapp.io/post/adhd-child-poops-pants

  Research shows that children with ADHD are significantly more likely to experience both constipation and fecal incontinence. In fact, a study involving 742, 939 kids found that: 4.1% of children with ADHD vs. 1.5% children without ADHD had an increased prevalence of constipation problems. 0.9% of children with ADHD vs. 0.15% of children without ADHD had an increased prevalence of fecal incontinence. […] Sometimes, retentive fecal soiling (a condition diagnosed in kids aged 4+ who have bowel movements in inappropriate places and times at least once monthly for two months or more) is connected to behavioral or emotional concerns. […] At times, medication treatment for other health problems can be the cause of problems with bowel movements. Some medications cause diarrhea, which may make it hard for a child to control bowel movements. Other medications list constipation as a possible side effect. Some medication treatments even have the potential to cause both.

• #41 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  Parents of children with encopresis often feel frustrated as they often believe that their children play an active role in controlling their bowel movements. While in some cases, soiling may be intentional, in other cases it may be involuntary and beyond the child’s control. It is important to be aware of the many possible causes of this disorder. […] Biological factors: Functional constipation (persistent constipation with incomplete defecation without evidence of a structural or biochemical explanation) is one of the main causes of encopresis, accounting for 90% of cases amongst children (Har Croffle, 2010). […] Psychological factors: Overall 30-50% of children with encopresis have a comorbid emotional or behavioural disorder (von Gontard, 2012). […] Family and social factors: Children may develop delays in toileting due to unsuccessful toilet training as a toddler and intrusive toilet training.

• #42 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. […] Encopresis can be divided into constipation-associated encopresis or overflow encopresis, and non-retentive encopresis. More than 80% of the children with encopresis have retentive fecal incontinence. Other organic non-functional causes for encopresis include repaired anorectal malformation, postsurgical Hirschsprung disease, spinal dysraphism, spinal cord trauma, spinal cord tumor, cerebral palsy, and myopathies affecting the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter. […] Risk factors for functional encopresis are low socioeconomic background, unhygienic toilets, living in an urban area or war-affected zone, hospitalization of the child for another illness, and bullying at school. Psychological and behavioral problems such as aggressive behavior, depression, social withdrawal, anxiety, disruptive and oppositional behavior, and poor school and social performances were noted in one-third of children with functional encopresis.

• #43 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  Parents of children with encopresis often feel frustrated as they often believe that their children play an active role in controlling their bowel movements. While in some cases, soiling may be intentional, in other cases it may be involuntary and beyond the child’s control. It is important to be aware of the many possible causes of this disorder. […] Biological factors: Functional constipation (persistent constipation with incomplete defecation without evidence of a structural or biochemical explanation) is one of the main causes of encopresis, accounting for 90% of cases amongst children (Har Croffle, 2010). […] Psychological factors: Overall 30-50% of children with encopresis have a comorbid emotional or behavioural disorder (von Gontard, 2012). […] Family and social factors: Children may develop delays in toileting due to unsuccessful toilet training as a toddler and intrusive toilet training.

• #44

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Fecal-Soiling.aspx

  Fecal soiling can occur when a child is anxious or emotionally distraught over some aspect of his life over which he has little control, such as family conflicts, academic difficulties, or problems with social relationships. […] Physical and sexual abuse may also need to be considered if soiling continues.

• #45 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  In severe cases, frequent soiling may occur in a child who has had a traumatic or frightening experience such as sexual or physical molestation. […] Studies have shown that encopresis children experience a greater amount of anxiety and depression symptoms, difficulties with attention, more social problems, disruptive behaviours and lower levels of academic performance (Mosca Schatz, 2014). […] The first step to treating encopresis is to identify the cause behind the condition and seek medical advice from a pediatrician or GP. […] Behavioural modification with the assistance of a Psychologist is an integral treatment component for encopresis. […] Comorbid emotional and behavioural disorders should be treated separately according to evidence-based recommendations (von Gontard, 2013).

• #46 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  Encopresis (or faecal soiling) is one of the most frustrating difficulties of middle childhood, affecting approximately 1.5% of young school children (von Gontard, 2013). […] Encopresis is a common complaint amongst parents who visit the Quirky Kid Clinic as it often occurs in the context of other behavioural issues such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or separation anxiety. […] According to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-V) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) encopresis (or otherwise known as Elimination Disorder) is essentially the repeated passing of stools into inappropriate places, after the age at which toilet training is expected to be accomplished. […] There are two basic categories of encopresis i) primary encopresis-which refers to children who have never attained bowel control, ii) secondary encopresis-which refers to soiling after successfully attaining toilet control usually brought upon by entering a stressful environment (such as family conflict).

• #47

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Soiling-Encopresis.aspx

  Encopresis is one of the more frustrating disorders of middle childhood. It is the passing of stools into the underwear or pajamas, far past the time of normal toilet training. Encopresis affects about 1.5 percent of young school children and can create tremendous anxiety and embarrassment for children and their families. […] Encopresis is not a disease but rather a symptom of a complex relationship between the body and psychological/environmental stresses. […] Doctors divide cases of encopresis into two categories: primary and secondary. […] Children with the primary disorder have had continuous soiling throughout their lives, without any period in which they were successfully toilet trained. By contrast, children with the secondary form may develop this condition after they have been toilet trained, such as upon entering school or encountering other experiences that might be stressful.

• #48 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  Encopresis (or faecal soiling) is one of the most frustrating difficulties of middle childhood, affecting approximately 1.5% of young school children (von Gontard, 2013). […] Encopresis is a common complaint amongst parents who visit the Quirky Kid Clinic as it often occurs in the context of other behavioural issues such as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or separation anxiety. […] According to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-V) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) encopresis (or otherwise known as Elimination Disorder) is essentially the repeated passing of stools into inappropriate places, after the age at which toilet training is expected to be accomplished. […] There are two basic categories of encopresis i) primary encopresis-which refers to children who have never attained bowel control, ii) secondary encopresis-which refers to soiling after successfully attaining toilet control usually brought upon by entering a stressful environment (such as family conflict).

• #49

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Soiling-Encopresis.aspx

  When encopresis occurs, it begins with stool retention in the colon. Many of these youngsters simply may not respond to the urge to defecate and thus withhold their stools. […] Some youngsters are predisposed from birth to early colonic inertia – that is, a tendency toward constipation because their intestinal tracts lack full mobility. […] Some children develop constipation and encopresis because of unsuccessful toilet training as toddlers. […] A number of other factors can also contribute to the eventual development of encopresis. […] While most children with encopresis are also constipated, some are not. […] Exasperated parents often place great pressure on their child to change this behavior something the youngster may be incapable of without help from a pediatrician. […] Encopresis can lead to a struggle within the family.

• #50

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/emotional-problems/Pages/Fecal-Soiling.aspx

  Fecal soiling, referred to medically as encopresis in children over four years of age, affects about 1.5 percent of young school children, with boys outnumbering girls by a ratio of six to one. […] In most cases, however, fecal soiling is not voluntary, but occurs when emotional stress, resistance to toilet training, or physical pain during bowel movements causes a child to resist having bowel movements. […] If the problem continues beyond one or two accidents, however, be sure to make an appointment with your child’s pediatrician. […] Congenital megacolon or Hirschsprung’s disease (a congenital condition that prevents a child from feeling the sensation of having a full bowel), ulcerative colitis, allergies, or even a diet containing too many dairy products or high-fat foods can sometimes lead to accidental soiling.

• #51 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P01992

  Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. Risk factors for constipation include: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, junk-food diet; Drinking mostly soft drinks and sugary drinks; Not drinking enough water and fruit juices; Lack of exercise; Not wanting to use public bathrooms; Feeling stressed with family, with friends, or at school; Being too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom; Having a change in bathroom routine. […] Encopresis affects boys more than girls. Experts don’t know why.

• #52 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. […] Encopresis can be divided into constipation-associated encopresis or overflow encopresis, and non-retentive encopresis. More than 80% of the children with encopresis have retentive fecal incontinence. Other organic non-functional causes for encopresis include repaired anorectal malformation, postsurgical Hirschsprung disease, spinal dysraphism, spinal cord trauma, spinal cord tumor, cerebral palsy, and myopathies affecting the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter. […] Risk factors for functional encopresis are low socioeconomic background, unhygienic toilets, living in an urban area or war-affected zone, hospitalization of the child for another illness, and bullying at school. Psychological and behavioral problems such as aggressive behavior, depression, social withdrawal, anxiety, disruptive and oppositional behavior, and poor school and social performances were noted in one-third of children with functional encopresis.

• #53 Encopresis: Symptoms, Mental Health, and Treatment

  https://psychcentral.com/disorders/encopresis-symptoms

  Other things that can make it more likely for a child to develop encopresis include: having a low socioeconomic background, experiencing trauma, such as abuse or neglect, which can cause children to regress to an earlier stage of development, having to defecate in unhygienic environments, living in a war zone, living in an urban area, being hospitalized for something other than encopresis, bullying.

• #54 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. […] Encopresis can be divided into constipation-associated encopresis or overflow encopresis, and non-retentive encopresis. More than 80% of the children with encopresis have retentive fecal incontinence. Other organic non-functional causes for encopresis include repaired anorectal malformation, postsurgical Hirschsprung disease, spinal dysraphism, spinal cord trauma, spinal cord tumor, cerebral palsy, and myopathies affecting the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter. […] Risk factors for functional encopresis are low socioeconomic background, unhygienic toilets, living in an urban area or war-affected zone, hospitalization of the child for another illness, and bullying at school. Psychological and behavioral problems such as aggressive behavior, depression, social withdrawal, anxiety, disruptive and oppositional behavior, and poor school and social performances were noted in one-third of children with functional encopresis.

• #55 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. […] Encopresis can be divided into constipation-associated encopresis or overflow encopresis, and non-retentive encopresis. More than 80% of the children with encopresis have retentive fecal incontinence. Other organic non-functional causes for encopresis include repaired anorectal malformation, postsurgical Hirschsprung disease, spinal dysraphism, spinal cord trauma, spinal cord tumor, cerebral palsy, and myopathies affecting the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter. […] Risk factors for functional encopresis are low socioeconomic background, unhygienic toilets, living in an urban area or war-affected zone, hospitalization of the child for another illness, and bullying at school. Psychological and behavioral problems such as aggressive behavior, depression, social withdrawal, anxiety, disruptive and oppositional behavior, and poor school and social performances were noted in one-third of children with functional encopresis.

• #56 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. […] Encopresis can be divided into constipation-associated encopresis or overflow encopresis, and non-retentive encopresis. More than 80% of the children with encopresis have retentive fecal incontinence. Other organic non-functional causes for encopresis include repaired anorectal malformation, postsurgical Hirschsprung disease, spinal dysraphism, spinal cord trauma, spinal cord tumor, cerebral palsy, and myopathies affecting the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter. […] Risk factors for functional encopresis are low socioeconomic background, unhygienic toilets, living in an urban area or war-affected zone, hospitalization of the child for another illness, and bullying at school. Psychological and behavioral problems such as aggressive behavior, depression, social withdrawal, anxiety, disruptive and oppositional behavior, and poor school and social performances were noted in one-third of children with functional encopresis.

• #57 Encopresis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560560/

  Encopresis or fecal incontinence is defined as the involuntary passing of stool into inappropriate places such as the underwear in children older than four years of age. It represents severe psychological distress on children and their families. […] Encopresis can be divided into constipation-associated encopresis or overflow encopresis, and non-retentive encopresis. More than 80% of the children with encopresis have retentive fecal incontinence. Other organic non-functional causes for encopresis include repaired anorectal malformation, postsurgical Hirschsprung disease, spinal dysraphism, spinal cord trauma, spinal cord tumor, cerebral palsy, and myopathies affecting the pelvic floor and external anal sphincter. […] Risk factors for functional encopresis are low socioeconomic background, unhygienic toilets, living in an urban area or war-affected zone, hospitalization of the child for another illness, and bullying at school. Psychological and behavioral problems such as aggressive behavior, depression, social withdrawal, anxiety, disruptive and oppositional behavior, and poor school and social performances were noted in one-third of children with functional encopresis.

• #58 Encopresis – My top tips to help stop your kids pooing in their pants – NatureDoc

  https://naturedoc.com/encopresis-top-tips-to-help-stop-your-kids-pooing-in-their-pants/

  Sometimes when the block is starting to clear you can see quite large volumes of dark and dry poo being expelled. […] Your child might also experience loose constipation which is where the poo seems quite soft (and often yellow/ochre in colour) which can also fill up the colon. […] Constipation, poor motility and encopresis appear to be more common in hyper-flexible kids with hypermobile joints or Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and other collagen-related issues. […] This scenario of the soiling continuing beyond when would normally be expected, usually happens because the bowel remains stretched out from the past bowel impaction and this stretching is why full bowel control has not been achieved. […] If collagen disorder is present, or there are weak core muscles then the overstretched bowel and full bowel control can take longer to resolve.

• #59 Your ADHD Child Poops Pants? Here’s What To Do

  https://www.joonapp.io/post/adhd-child-poops-pants

  Research shows that children with ADHD are significantly more likely to experience both constipation and fecal incontinence. In fact, a study involving 742, 939 kids found that: 4.1% of children with ADHD vs. 1.5% children without ADHD had an increased prevalence of constipation problems. 0.9% of children with ADHD vs. 0.15% of children without ADHD had an increased prevalence of fecal incontinence. […] Sometimes, retentive fecal soiling (a condition diagnosed in kids aged 4+ who have bowel movements in inappropriate places and times at least once monthly for two months or more) is connected to behavioral or emotional concerns. […] At times, medication treatment for other health problems can be the cause of problems with bowel movements. Some medications cause diarrhea, which may make it hard for a child to control bowel movements. Other medications list constipation as a possible side effect. Some medication treatments even have the potential to cause both.

• #60 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. Risk factors for constipation include: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, junk-food diet; Drinking mostly soft drinks and sugary drinks; Not drinking enough water and fruit juices; Lack of exercise; Not wanting to use public bathrooms; Feeling stressed with family, with friends, or at school; Being too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom; Having a change in bathroom routine. This includes starting a new school year, when a child has fewer bathroom breaks. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. Some children may get bladder infections. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. Children who have a negative experience using the toilet may avoid going to the bathroom. This leads to constipation and, over time, encopresis. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active.

• #61 Encopresis – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=encopresis-90-P01992

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into his or her underwear. It is also called stool soiling. It is most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. […] In most cases encopresis happens because a child has long-term (chronic) constipation. […] Over time, liquid stool can start to leak around the hard, dry, impacted stool. This soils your child’s clothing. […] Other health problems may cause chronic constipation. These include diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. […] Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you avoid any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. […] Making changes in your child’s diet and activity level may help prevent constipation and stool soiling.

• #62 Encopresis | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/e/encopresis.html

  Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. Risk factors for constipation include: Eating a high-fat, high-sugar, junk-food diet; Drinking mostly soft drinks and sugary drinks; Not drinking enough water and fruit juices; Lack of exercise; Not wanting to use public bathrooms; Feeling stressed with family, with friends, or at school; Being too busy playing to take time to use the bathroom; Having a change in bathroom routine. This includes starting a new school year, when a child has fewer bathroom breaks. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. Some children may get bladder infections. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you prevent any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. Children who have a negative experience using the toilet may avoid going to the bathroom. This leads to constipation and, over time, encopresis. […] You can also help your child have regular bowel movements by making some diet and lifestyle changes. Give your child high-fiber foods and limit high-fat and high-sugar foods. Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids, such as water. And keep your child physically active.

• #63 Encopresis – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=encopresis-90-P01992

  Encopresis is when your child leaks stool into his or her underwear. It is also called stool soiling. It is most often because of long-term (chronic) constipation. […] In most cases encopresis happens because a child has long-term (chronic) constipation. […] Over time, liquid stool can start to leak around the hard, dry, impacted stool. This soils your child’s clothing. […] Other health problems may cause chronic constipation. These include diabetes, hypothyroidism, Hirschsprung disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. […] Any child who has long-term (chronic) constipation may develop encopresis. […] Encopresis can cause both physical and emotional problems. […] Stool that is backed up (impacted) in the intestine can cause belly (abdominal) pain. It can also cause a loss of appetite. […] You may help prevent stool soiling if you avoid any emotional upsets while your child is toilet training. […] Making changes in your child’s diet and activity level may help prevent constipation and stool soiling.

• #64 Encopresis in Children and Adolescents – Society of Pediatric Psychology

  https://pedpsych.org/fact_sheets/encopresis/

  Encopresis is the voluntary or involuntary passage of stool in places other than toilets. To receive a diagnosis of encopresis, the child must pass feces into inappropriate places (such as clothing or on the floor) at least once per month for three months or more. Passage of stool into inappropriate places is also known as soiling or fecal incontinence. […] As many as 95 percent of children referred for the treatment of encopresis present with functional constipation or constipation without identifiable cause (e.g., medical conditions or side effects of medication). […] The most serious and common health-based consequence of encopresis is urinary tract infections from the contamination of the urinary tract with feces from the child’s underwear. […] The treatment approach with the best outcome data is usually referred to as Medical-Behavioral. Typically, this consists of the use of medication to address the child’s constipation (either oral medications and/or rectal) and implementation of behavioral modification strategies to promote and maintain appropriate defecation. […] There is no empirical evidence to support the use of punishment in the treatment of encopresis. Punishment of soiling may lead to more behavioral challenges and further delay of bowel control.

• #65 Encopresis Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, & More

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/encopresis

  As more and more stool collects in the child’s lower intestine (colon), the colon slowly stretches (sometimes called megacolon). […] As the colon stretches more and more, the child loses the natural urge to pass a bowel movement. […] Eventually, looser, partly formed stool from higher up in the intestine leaks around the large collection of harder, more formed stool at the bottom of the colon (rectum) and then leaks out of the anus (the opening from the rectum to the outside of the body). […] Because the stool is not passing normally through the colon, it often becomes very dark and sticky and may have a very foul smell. […] Over time, the child with encopresis may also develop incoordination of the muscles used to pass bowel movements. […] Many parents assume the soiling is the result of the child being lazy or that the child is soiling intentionally. In most cases, this is not the case. Children with encopresis are no more likely than other children to have major behavioral or emotional problems.

• #66 Fecal Incontinence (Soiling): Causes, Treatment and Prognosis | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fecal-incontinence

  Bowel issues can also be triggered by how fast the colon pushes feces through to the rectum before it reaches the sphincter muscles. […] Hypomotility: In patients where the colon pushes stool slowly, feces tends to gather in the rectum which is larger than normal in most such patients. […] Fecal soiling can cause children intense embarrassment and social problems, and can be frustrating for both parents and children.

• #67 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  In severe cases, frequent soiling may occur in a child who has had a traumatic or frightening experience such as sexual or physical molestation. […] Studies have shown that encopresis children experience a greater amount of anxiety and depression symptoms, difficulties with attention, more social problems, disruptive behaviours and lower levels of academic performance (Mosca Schatz, 2014). […] The first step to treating encopresis is to identify the cause behind the condition and seek medical advice from a pediatrician or GP. […] Behavioural modification with the assistance of a Psychologist is an integral treatment component for encopresis. […] Comorbid emotional and behavioural disorders should be treated separately according to evidence-based recommendations (von Gontard, 2013).

• #68

  https://confidenceclub.co.uk/blogs/news/soiling-in-children-why-it-occurs-what-to-do

  Other causes of soiling or faecal incontinence in children can include neurological disorders, developmental delays, abnormalities of or nerve damage to the anus/rectum, and rectal surgery. […] The main symptom of soiling is doing a poo in places other than the toilet, which is most often in the childs underwear. […] If your child is constipated you may notice that they strain or feel pain when they poo, have stomach pains, or they having less frequent bowel movements. […] Your first port of call, if you notice your child is experiencing soiling, is to visit their GP. […] A medical assessment can include using a stethoscope to listen to sounds coming from the abdomen, checking the abdomen for swelling, tenderness or pain, masses or lumps using gentle hand pressure, checking blood pressure, temperature and heart rate, checking for signs of dehydration, and a rectal exam.

• #69 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Encopresis, also known as functional fecal incontinence or soiling, is when children pass stool (poop) into their underwear, in most cases accidentally. It occurs in children 4 years of age and older who have been toilet trained. The condition is more common in boys than girls. It affects 1% to 4% of children who are 4 years old, and the frequency of this condition decreases with older age. […] Encopresis can be caused by: […] Constipation. […] The most common cause of encopresis is constipation. When a child experiences constipation, its difficult to have a bowel movement because their stool is dry and hard inside their colon and it can be painful to pass. […] Encopresis could be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Possible conditions that have encopresis as a symptom include: […] Encopresis could be the result of emotional stress, behavioral challenges or fear that affects the actions of your child.

• #70 Soiling in Children – Why it Occurs and What to Do | Invizi

  https://invizi.eu/blogs/news/soiling-in-children-why-it-occurs-what-to-do

  Ever wonder why your child might have a poo accident after toilet training? It’s called soiling, and it’s actually more common than you might think. Basically, it means theyre pooing in their underwear instead of the toilet. If your child is past the age of 4 and still having accidents, a doctor visit is a good idea to rule out any other issues. Here’s the thing: studies show that soiling (also called encopresis) happens to about 3% of 4-year-olds and that rate lessens as children get older. […] Did you know constipation is a super common culprit behind accidents after potty training? About 25% of kiddos deal with it at some point! […] Here’s the deal: when poo gets stuck for a long time, it stretches out the back passage (rectum) like a balloon. This can make it hard for your child to feel the urge to go, or even cause soft poop to leak out around the blockage without them noticing.

• #71 Encopresis Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17849-encopresis-soiling

  Encopresis, also known as functional fecal incontinence or soiling, is when children pass stool (poop) into their underwear, in most cases accidentally. It occurs in children 4 years of age and older who have been toilet trained. The condition is more common in boys than girls. It affects 1% to 4% of children who are 4 years old, and the frequency of this condition decreases with older age. […] Encopresis can be caused by: […] Constipation. […] The most common cause of encopresis is constipation. When a child experiences constipation, its difficult to have a bowel movement because their stool is dry and hard inside their colon and it can be painful to pass. […] Encopresis could be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Possible conditions that have encopresis as a symptom include: […] Encopresis could be the result of emotional stress, behavioral challenges or fear that affects the actions of your child.

• #72 Soiling in Children – Why it Occurs and What to Do | Invizi

  https://invizi.eu/blogs/news/soiling-in-children-why-it-occurs-what-to-do

  Ever wonder why your child might have a poo accident after toilet training? It’s called soiling, and it’s actually more common than you might think. Basically, it means theyre pooing in their underwear instead of the toilet. If your child is past the age of 4 and still having accidents, a doctor visit is a good idea to rule out any other issues. Here’s the thing: studies show that soiling (also called encopresis) happens to about 3% of 4-year-olds and that rate lessens as children get older. […] Did you know constipation is a super common culprit behind accidents after potty training? About 25% of kiddos deal with it at some point! […] Here’s the deal: when poo gets stuck for a long time, it stretches out the back passage (rectum) like a balloon. This can make it hard for your child to feel the urge to go, or even cause soft poop to leak out around the blockage without them noticing.

• #73 Bladder and bowel | East Sussex

  https://www.eastsussexchildren.nhs.uk/bladder-and-bowel/

  Soiling is when a child regularly poos their pants. If they’re already potty-trained, the soiling is usually because they are badly constipated. Treatment from a GP can help. […] Soiling usually happens when a child is so constipated that a large, hard piece of poo becomes stuck at the end of their gut (rectum). […] If your child is pooing their pants (soiling) because they’re constipated, a GP can prescribe laxatives to clear out the hard poo and get your child pooing regularly and comfortably again. […] A GP may refer your child to a specialist for treatment if they think soiling could be caused by another medical condition.

• #74 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/ScienceBasedParenting/comments/qa69qw/child_developmentpants_pooping/

  My boyfriend has a 9 year old son who regularly poops his pants. This has been an issue his whole life and there are no signs of abuse. This seems to be a physical issue and is not the kids fault. […] The lack of proactive problem solving scares me. It would be one thing if his son was struggling but was getting help. If I had a kid at that age with this issue Id move heaven and earth to get him help but his parents havent so much as requested a referral to a specialist. His son also isnt able to properly clean himself well enough after and needs to be wiped and showered to be totally clean. I feel like this could be another developmental red flag but dont actually know if thats the case. […] He makes sure his son isnt ashamed about this issue (which is probably the most important thing), but it also doesnt seem to bother or really worry him enough to get help. […] How big of a developmental issue is this for his age? Is it somewhat within the realm of normal?

• #75 Fecal Incontinence (Soiling): Causes, Treatment and Prognosis | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/fecal-incontinence

  Bowel issues can also be triggered by how fast the colon pushes feces through to the rectum before it reaches the sphincter muscles. […] Hypomotility: In patients where the colon pushes stool slowly, feces tends to gather in the rectum which is larger than normal in most such patients. […] Fecal soiling can cause children intense embarrassment and social problems, and can be frustrating for both parents and children.

• #76 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  In severe cases, frequent soiling may occur in a child who has had a traumatic or frightening experience such as sexual or physical molestation. […] Studies have shown that encopresis children experience a greater amount of anxiety and depression symptoms, difficulties with attention, more social problems, disruptive behaviours and lower levels of academic performance (Mosca Schatz, 2014). […] The first step to treating encopresis is to identify the cause behind the condition and seek medical advice from a pediatrician or GP. […] Behavioural modification with the assistance of a Psychologist is an integral treatment component for encopresis. […] Comorbid emotional and behavioural disorders should be treated separately according to evidence-based recommendations (von Gontard, 2013).

• #77 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  In severe cases, frequent soiling may occur in a child who has had a traumatic or frightening experience such as sexual or physical molestation. […] Studies have shown that encopresis children experience a greater amount of anxiety and depression symptoms, difficulties with attention, more social problems, disruptive behaviours and lower levels of academic performance (Mosca Schatz, 2014). […] The first step to treating encopresis is to identify the cause behind the condition and seek medical advice from a pediatrician or GP. […] Behavioural modification with the assistance of a Psychologist is an integral treatment component for encopresis. […] Comorbid emotional and behavioural disorders should be treated separately according to evidence-based recommendations (von Gontard, 2013).

• #78 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines). […] Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse. […] Keep in mind that relapses are normal, so don’t get discouraged. Your child might get constipated again or soil their pants during treatment, especially when being weaned off of the stool softeners. […] Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again.

• #79 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/Parenting/comments/15b1ati/i_am_at_my_wits_end_over_this_my_six_almost_7/

  I am at my wits end over this. My six, almost 7, year old son poops his pants daily. He was potty trained shortly after turning 4. He had occasional accidents but nothing major in the following year. Shortly after turning 5 he started to have more frequent accidents. He would have small bits of poop in his underwear, brown stains every day. Then he started to have larger accidents. […] When asked he has told me that his stomach hurts. Anytime of day when asked, he says it hurts. […] In June of 2022 I took him to a gastroenterologist. They performed blood work, which was normal. The x-ray showed that he was constipated. We proceeded with a bowel cleanse. There was no significant improvement. The doctor had us perform 4 more bowel cleanses between August of 2022 and April 2023. […] In June I took him to a different gastro and they thought it was behavioral and constipation. We proceeded with another bowel cleanse. There has been no improvement since. Both gastro’s basically dismissed his complaints of stomach pain.

• #80 Soiling (Encopresis) | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/encopresis

  Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse. […] Kids can’t prevent this soiling and sometimes don’t know it’s happening because the nerves aren’t sending the signals that regulate pooping. […] Supporting kids and finding and treating the cause of the soiling will help it get better.

• #81 Soiling | Children| Continence Health Australia (formerly the Continence Foundation of Australia)

  https://www.continence.org.au/incontinence/who-it-affects/children/soiling

  ’Soiling’ is when the bowels are emptied in places other than the toilet. Even after a child is toilet trained, there may be occasional accidents with soiling (poo) in your child’s underwear. […] If a child is unable to be toilet trained or has regular poo accidents after the age of three to four years, then they should be medically assessed. If a child has been toilet trained and at a later stage starts to soil, this also needs medical assessment. […] In almost all cases soiling happens because the large bowel is not emptying properly and the child is constipated. […] Constipation is common and can occur in up to 25% of children at any time. If it is not recognised and treated, bowel actions (poo) may become harder and less frequent and soiling can occur as a result. […] You may not realise that constipation is the underlying problem. It is quite possible that there is hard poo inside the bowel and the soiling is soft runny poo leaking around the hard poo. […] Over time, stretching the bowel makes it less sensitive, so the child may not feel when poo needs to come out and has an accident. […] Soiling is NOT caused by attention-seeking, naughtiness or laziness.

• #82 Soiling (Encopresis) (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/encopresis.html

  Soiling and constipation are a top reason that kids go to see pediatric gastroenterologists (doctors who diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines). […] Encopresis is not a behavioral issue or a simple lack of self-control. Punishing or humiliating a child with encopresis will only make matters worse. […] Keep in mind that relapses are normal, so don’t get discouraged. Your child might get constipated again or soil their pants during treatment, especially when being weaned off of the stool softeners. […] Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again.

• #83 Encopresis in Children and Adolescents – Society of Pediatric Psychology

  https://pedpsych.org/fact_sheets/encopresis/

  Encopresis is the voluntary or involuntary passage of stool in places other than toilets. To receive a diagnosis of encopresis, the child must pass feces into inappropriate places (such as clothing or on the floor) at least once per month for three months or more. Passage of stool into inappropriate places is also known as soiling or fecal incontinence. […] As many as 95 percent of children referred for the treatment of encopresis present with functional constipation or constipation without identifiable cause (e.g., medical conditions or side effects of medication). […] The most serious and common health-based consequence of encopresis is urinary tract infections from the contamination of the urinary tract with feces from the child’s underwear. […] The treatment approach with the best outcome data is usually referred to as Medical-Behavioral. Typically, this consists of the use of medication to address the child’s constipation (either oral medications and/or rectal) and implementation of behavioral modification strategies to promote and maintain appropriate defecation. […] There is no empirical evidence to support the use of punishment in the treatment of encopresis. Punishment of soiling may lead to more behavioral challenges and further delay of bowel control.

• #84 Soiling (Encopresis) | Rady Children’s Hospital

  https://www.rchsd.org/health-article/soiling-encopresis/

  Patience is the key to treating encopresis. It can take several months to a year for the stretched-out colon to return to its normal size and for the nerves in the colon to become effective again. […] Successful treatment of encopresis depends on the support a child gets. Some parents find that positive reinforcement helps to encourage the child throughout treatment.

• #85 Encopresis |Understanding & Managing Encopresis In Children

  https://www.childpsychologist.com.au/resources/encopresis-soiling-in-school-aged-children

  In severe cases, frequent soiling may occur in a child who has had a traumatic or frightening experience such as sexual or physical molestation. […] Studies have shown that encopresis children experience a greater amount of anxiety and depression symptoms, difficulties with attention, more social problems, disruptive behaviours and lower levels of academic performance (Mosca Schatz, 2014). […] The first step to treating encopresis is to identify the cause behind the condition and seek medical advice from a pediatrician or GP. […] Behavioural modification with the assistance of a Psychologist is an integral treatment component for encopresis. […] Comorbid emotional and behavioural disorders should be treated separately according to evidence-based recommendations (von Gontard, 2013).

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