Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Benign adrenal tumors – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-adrenal-tumors/symptoms-causes/syc-20356190

  Benign adrenal tumors are masses that aren’t cancer. They form in the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. These glands make hormones that send messages to nearly every organ and tissue in the body. […] Most benign adrenal tumors cause no symptoms and don’t need treatment. But sometimes these tumors make high levels of some hormones that can cause problems. Hormones from the cortex control metabolism, blood pressure and certain body features, such as hair growth. Hormones from the medulla control the body’s response to stress. […] Symptoms depend on whether the tumor makes hormones, what hormone it makes and how much it makes. But many benign adrenal gland tumors don’t cause symptoms because they don’t make hormones. […] The most common type of benign adrenal tumor, called adenoma, comes from the adrenal cortex. This type of tumor might cause symptoms such as: Weight gain. Easy bruising. High blood pressure, also called hypertension. Diabetes. Depressed mood. Tiredness. Muscle weakness or cramping. […] A type of benign adrenal tumor from the medulla is called pheochromocytoma. It might cause the following symptoms: High blood pressure, also called hypertension. Fast heartbeat. Sweating. Tremors. Headache.

• #1 Benign Lesions of the Adrenal Gland | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/kidney-health/conditions-we-treat/benign-lesions-of-the-adrenal-gland

  Most adrenal tumors do not produce hormones (non-functional) and are found incidentally on CT or MR imaging, therefore not causing symptoms. […] In adrenal Cushing’s syndrome, excess cortisol is produced by adrenal gland tumors or hyperplastic adrenal glands. […] Signs/Symptoms: Weight gain and fat distribution mostly in the abdominal region, Easy bruising/thinning of the skin, Poor wound healing, Round face, Weak bones, which can lead to fractures, Fatigue, High blood pressure, High blood sugar, Irritability, anxiety, mood swings and/or depression, Increased acne, Increased thirst and urination, Lack of menstrual periods/excessive facial hair in women. […] Conn’s Syndrome occurs with the overproduction of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands. […] Most patients have no complaints, but have high blood pressure that does not respond to conventional treatment.

• #1 Adenoma of the Adrenal Gland: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17769-adrenal-adenoma

  Adrenal adenomas dont usually cause symptoms or require treatment. Some may lead to the overproduction of one or more normal adrenal hormones. […] Functioning adrenal adenomas can cause your adrenal glands to secrete excess amounts of one or more types of hormone. As a result, you may experience symptoms of certain adrenal disorders, including: […] Functioning adrenal adenomas may produce symptoms related to having excess hormones in your body, especially excess cortisol (Cushings syndrome) or excess aldosterone (Primary aldosteronism). […] Signs and symptoms may include: […] Females may experience irregular menstrual cycles and increased masculine characteristics (virilization). Males may experience sexual dysfunction. […] Treatment outcomes associated with adrenalectomy are excellent. Removing the affected adrenal gland often relieves the symptoms related to functional adrenal adenomas.

• #1 Adrenal Adenoma > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/adrenal-adenoma

  Symptoms include fatigue, muscle weakness, high blood pressure. […] Most people with adrenal adenoma do not know that they have the condition because they dont experience any symptoms. Non-functional adrenal adenomas are significantly more common than functional ones, which cause symptoms. […] When people have functional adrenal adenomas, their symptoms may differ, depending on the type of hormone that is secreted in excess. […] People who secrete higher-than-normal levels of cortisol may notice: Increased levels of body fat in the torso, Obesity, Fatigue, Muscle weakness, High blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes (i.e. high blood sugar levels), Osteoporosis, Bruising on the upper portion of the body, Purple stretch marks that appear on the upper portion of the body, Depression, Puffiness or swelling of the face, Menstrual cycle irregularities, Facial hair and acne, among women, Fungal infections.

• #1 What Are the Symptoms of Adrenal Adenoma?

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/what_are_the_symptoms_of_adrenal_adenoma/article_em.htm

  Obesity, muscle weakness, severe fatigue and high blood pressure are just a few of the symptoms of a functioning adrenal adenoma (benign adrenal gland tumor). […] Most adrenal adenomas are considered nonfunctioning, which means they do not produce hormones and usually do not cause symptoms. […] If adrenal adenomas become „functioning” or „active” and secrete excess hormones, they can cause conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome, primary aldosteronism, or virilization. […] Symptoms of Cushings syndrome include: Upper body obesity, Severe fatigue, Muscle weakness, High blood pressure (hypertension), Backache, High blood sugar (hyperglycemia), Easy bruising, Bluish-red stretch marks on the skin, Increased facial and body hair growth in women, Irregular or missed menstrual periods. […] Symptoms of primary aldosteronism may include: High blood pressure (hypertension), Fatigue, Headache, Muscle weakness, Numbness and paralysis that comes and goes.

• #1 Adrenal Adenoma > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/adrenal-adenoma

  People who secrete higher-than-normal levels of aldosterone may notice: Fatigue, Headaches, Muscle weakness, Numbness, High blood pressure thats hard to control with medication, Lower-than-normal levels of potassium in the blood, Lower-than-normal levels of magnesium in the blood, Higher-than-normal levels of sodium in the blood. […] People who secrete higher-than-normal levels of sex hormones may notice: Excess facial or body hair, deeper voice, bulkier muscles, baldness or acne among females, Breast enlargement among males. […] When a non-functional adrenal adenoma is diagnosed, doctors may track its progress two or more times during the first year, then annually for a year or two, then every five years. If the tumor grows in size or begins to exhibit symptoms, it can be treated with surgery or medication. When a functional adrenal adenoma is diagnosed and treated, it shouldnt have long-term effects on a persons health.

• #1 Adrenal Gland Tumor: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/adrenal-gland-tumor

  Symptoms of aldosterone-secreting adrenal tumors may include: hypertension (especially resistant hypertension), muscle weakness, low potassium levels (hypokalemia), low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia), high sodium levels (hypernatremia). […] Hormonally inactive (nonfunctioning) adrenal adenomas typically dont cause symptoms and are often discovered incidentally on abdominal imaging. […] Nonfunctioning adrenal tumors can cause symptoms if they grow large enough to press on surrounding organs, nerves, or blood vessels, leading to discomfort or pain. […] Research shows that nonfunctioning adrenal tumors have a chance of becoming hormonally active over time: 17% within 1 year, 29% within 2 years, 47% within 5 years. […] The likelihood of an adrenal adenoma turning into a cancerous tumor is very low. […] Most adrenal tumors are benign and therefore not deadly. […] Adrenal gland tumors are abnormal growths with varying size, behavior, and hormone production. Most are benign and nonfunctioning, but some are cancerous.

• #1 Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Tumors and Adrenal Cancers

  https://www.adrenal.com/adrenal-gland/symptoms

  High blood pressure is also associated with excess production of aldosterone (Conn’s Syndrome). […] Most patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (aldosteronoma or Conn’s tumor) have high blood pressure. […] They dont have any significant symptoms. […] However, if they dont have their adrenal tumor removed, the patients are at a tenfold increased risk of heart arrhythmias, stroke and heart attacks. […] Symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome Cushing’s Syndrome causes many symptoms throughout the body. If the adrenal tumor is overproducing cortisol, you will develop symptoms of Cushings syndrome. […] Other symptoms of excess cortisol production from the adrenal gland include stretch marks on the skin that tend to be purple (often on the abdomen) and muscle weakness in your extremities (arms and legs).

• #1 Types of Adrenal Tumors | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/adrenal-tumors/types

  Most adrenal gland tumors are benign, or noncancerous, but need to be treated if symptoms appear. […] Symptoms include rapid weight gainespecially in the trunk and face, without weight gain in the arms and legsgrowth of fat pads along the back, which are often referred to as a buffalo hump, and fat pads on the face, creating whats known as a moon face. […] Symptoms also include thinning skin thats easily injured, purple stretch marks on the thighs and abdomen, increased hair growth on the face, moodiness or irritability, and muscle weakness. […] Symptoms of androgen-producing tumors in boys include the early onset of puberty. In girls and women, excess androgen production can lead to deepening of the voice, acne, and excessive hair growth. […] Symptoms of adrenocortical carcinomasuch as high blood pressure, weight gain, and diabetescan easily be attributed to or confused with many other medical problems. Pain in the abdomen, side, or back may be one of the first symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma that prompts a visit to the doctor.

• #1 Pheochromocytoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pheochromocytoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20355367

  A pheochromocytoma can cause large changes in blood pressure. […] With a pheochromocytoma, the tumor releases hormones that can cause various symptoms. They include high blood pressure, headache, sweating and symptoms of a panic attack. If a pheochromocytoma isn’t treated, serious or life-threatening damage to other body systems can happen. […] A pheochromocytoma often causes the following symptoms: High blood pressure. Headache. Heavy sweating. Rapid heartbeat. […] Some people with pheochromocytomas have no symptoms. They don’t realize they have the tumor until an imaging test happens to find it. […] Most often, the symptoms of pheochromocytoma come and go. When they start suddenly and keep coming back, they’re known as spells or attacks. […] A pheochromocytoma can lead to other health problems. The high blood pressure linked with a pheochromocytoma can damage organs, especially tissues of the heart and blood vessel system, brain and kidneys. This damage can cause dangerous conditions, including: Heart disease. Stroke. Kidney failure. Vision loss. […] Rarely, a pheochromocytoma spreads to other parts of the body. This tumor is then considered cancerous, also called malignant, and is referred to as metastatic pheochromocytoma.

• #1 Symptoms of Adrenal Tumors and Adrenal Hormones

  https://www.adrenal.com/adrenal-tumors/symptoms

  Another example of how the symptoms of adrenal tumors is related to the hormone being overproduced is the pheochromocytoma. Another hormone the adrenal gland makes is adrenaline, which is made in the center of the adrenal called the adrenal medulla. Tumors of the adrenal medulla are benign (non-cancerous) about 90% of the time, but they cause a lot of problems because the tumor produces an excess amount of adrenaline and epinephrine. We call these tumors pheochromocytomas. Patients with a „pheo” (that’s what we call it for short) have symptoms related to the excess adrenaline–they get a fight-or-flight response syndrome and have anxious spells and a sense of impending doom. They also typically get high blood pressure that is hard to control because of the excess adrenaline. […] Remember, at least 30-50% of patients with an adrenal tumor will have no symptoms whatsoever except high blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure and any of the other symptoms listed here, you MUST have your doctor check you for an adrenal tumor. The symptoms of an adrenal tumor is dependent on what hormone is overproduced, can be highly individual, variable and sometimes absent, and if present, means you need laboratory tests and scans.

• #1 Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Tumors and Adrenal Cancers

  https://www.adrenal.com/adrenal-gland/symptoms

  It can also affect how you feel and how your brain works. Excess cortisol can cause depression and anxiety symptoms. […] Symptoms of pheochromocytomas often come and go. Many patients with a pheochromocytoma have a variety of symptoms. […] The symptoms may be completely spontaneous but sometimes precipitated by a change in posture, anxiety, certain medications or maneuvers that increase the intra-abdominal pressure. […] Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) can cause many symptoms. Common symptoms are due to a „mass effect”, which simply means the tumor is growing big so it pushes on surrounding structures and organs in the abdomen. […] About half of all adrenocortical cancers overproduce cortisol. Thus, patients can develop signs and symptoms of Cushings syndrome. […] Patients with adrenocortical cancer can also be completely asymptomatic (30 to 50%) but also have hypertension, osteoporosis, diabetes and low potassium.

• #1 Your Guide to Managing Adrenal Rest Tumor: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options – The Kingsley Clinic

  https://thekingsleyclinic.com/adrenal-gland/your-guide-to-managing-adrenal-rest-tumor-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment-options/

  An Adrenal Cortex Adenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that originates in the adrenal cortex, the outer portion of the adrenal gland. It’s essential to remember that not all these tumors cause health problems. The concerning ones, however, are those that produce excess hormones, disrupting the body’s delicate balance. […] The progression of an Adrenal Cortex Adenoma varies based on its functionality, i.e., whether it’s hormone-secreting or not. Functioning tumors may lead to conditions like Cushing’s syndrome, Conn’s syndrome, or adrenal virilism, dictated by the hormone they overproduce. Non-functioning tumors, however, are typically asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally. […] About 5-10% of Adrenal Cortex Adenomas are responsible for Cushing’s syndrome. These functioning adenomas produce excess cortisol, causing symptoms such as weight gain, purple stretch marks, and thinning skin. This overproduction of cortisol drives the body’s metabolism and immune response into overdrive, resulting in the typical manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome.

• #1 How fast do adrenal tumors grow? How fast they spread

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-fast-do-adrenal-tumors-grow

  Adrenal tumors can grow slowly or quickly depending on whether they are cancerous or noncancerous. […] Approximately 75% of all adrenal tumors are adenomas, which are usually slow growing and noncancerous. […] According to estimates, 75% of all adrenal tumors in people without known cancer are adenomas, which are benign. They also tend to grow more slowly than malignant tumors. […] For the noncancerous adenomas, researchers reported an average growth rate of between 0.3 and 2.8 millimeters (mm) over a year. […] Not all adrenal tumors cause symptoms. When they do, they can occur for several reasons. […] As a result, the symptoms of adrenal tumors can range widely. They may include: weight gain, increased fat in the neck and shoulders, easy bruising, weak bones, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, low potassium in the blood, extra hair growing on the face, chest, and back in females, irregular periods.

• #1 Adrenal Adenoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539906/

  The long-term prognosis of patients with adrenal adenomas is typically excellent. Nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas often do not require treatment. Adrenal incidentalomas without excessive hormone production have a risk of becoming hormonally active, estimated at 17%, 29%, and 47% within 1, 2, or 5 years, respectively. However, the transformation of an adrenal adenoma into adrenocortical carcinoma is an extremely rare occurrence. […] Cushing syndrome resulting from a cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma has been associated with a wide range of complications, with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders being particularly noteworthy. The most common complication associated with aldosterone-producing adenomas is uncontrollable hypertension. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, primary hyperaldosteronism can result in sodium and water retention at the nephron level, leading to complications such as fluid overload, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction.

• #1 What Are the Warning Signs and Symptoms of Adrenal Cancer? – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/symptoms-of-adrenal-cancer

  Adrenal adenomas are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that are more common than MEN and ACC. These tend to be diagnosed more frequently in middle-aged and older adults. The average age of someone diagnosed with any kind of adrenal gland tumor is 46. […] Sometimes there are no signs and symptoms of adrenal cancer in its early stages, but as it progresses, several signs may indicate its presence. […] The adrenal glands make hormones (sex hormones) like androgens and estrogens. When there’s a tumor, these glands might make too many hormones. This can cause specific symptoms of adrenal cancer depending on age and gender. […] Tumors in the adrenal glands can interfere with the body’s metabolism. Weight gain or weight loss due to adrenal tumors is primarily driven by the hormones produced (or not produced) by the adrenal glands.

• #1 Childhood Adrenal Tumors | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/childhood-adrenal-tumors

  In general, children treated for adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas have an excellent prognosis. We expect a full recovery expected in many cases. Children with adrenocortical carcinomas have the best outlook if the tumor is small and the surgeon can remove it entirely. If not, the child’s prognosis will depend on several factors, including age and whether the cancer has spread. For children with genetic risk factors that can increase their risk of developing other tumors in the future, long-term follow-up may be needed.

• #1 Benign adrenal tumors | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/benign-adrenal-tumors?content_id=CON-20301710

  Most benign adrenal tumors cause no symptoms and don’t need treatment. But sometimes these tumors make high levels of some hormones that can cause problems. […] Symptoms depend on whether the tumor makes hormones, what hormone it makes and how much it makes. But many benign adrenal gland tumors don’t cause symptoms because they don’t make hormones. […] The most common type of benign adrenal tumor, called adenoma, comes from the adrenal cortex. This type of tumor might cause symptoms such as weight gain, easy bruising, high blood pressure, diabetes, depressed mood, tiredness, and muscle weakness or cramping. […] A type of benign adrenal tumor from the medulla is called pheochromocytoma. It might cause the following symptoms: high blood pressure, fast heartbeat, sweating, tremors, and headache. […] Treatment depends on how likely the tumor is to become cancer. Treatment also might depend on whether the tumor is making hormones, the type of hormone it makes and how much it’s making.

• #1 Phaeochromocytoma

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/phaeochromocytoma/

  You’ll be at risk of an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), heart attacks, strokes and organ failure. […] However, most tumours can be successfully removed by surgery and this will usually mean most of the symptoms disappear. […] In a small number of people, the tumour may come back. You’ll therefore need regular check-ups following surgery so that, if it does return, it can be picked up and treated as soon as possible. Contact your GP immediately if your symptoms come back.

• #1 Pheochromocytoma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23373-pheochromocytoma

  Most pheochromocytomas are benign (not cancerous). Approximately 10% to 15% of pheochromocytomas may be malignant (cancerous). […] Signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma happen when the tumor releases too much adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine) into your blood. However, some pheochromocytoma tumors don’t make extra adrenaline or noradrenaline and don’t cause symptoms (are asymptomatic). […] Common symptoms of pheochromocytoma include: High blood pressure (hypertension), Headache, Excessive sweating for no known reason, A pounding, fast or irregular heartbeat, Feeling shaky. […] A person with a pheochromocytoma could have sustained high blood pressure (the most common symptom of pheochromocytoma) or it may come and go. […] People with pheochromocytomas may also experience paroxysmal attacks, which are chronic episodes of high blood pressure that often lead to headaches, irregular heartbeats (palpitations) and excessive sweating (diaphoresis). These episodes can happen anywhere from several times a day to a couple of times a month. […] The prognosis (outlook) for pheochromocytoma is usually good if it’s treated. Approximately 90% of pheochromocytomas are successfully removed by surgery.

• #1 Adrenal Gland Tumors – It’s Symptoms and Treatment Methods

  https://actchealth.com/blogs/adrenal-gland-tumors-symptoms-signs-and-treatments

  Benign tumors, such as adenomas, do not spread to other parts of the body and usually do not require aggressive treatment. […] Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Tumors include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, abdominal pain, back pain, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and changes in skin color such as darkening or reddening of the skin. […] If the tumor secretes hormones, the symptoms can include excess hair growth (in women), decreased fertility in men and women, irregular menstrual periods, and enlarged breasts (in men). […] The chances of successful treatment are generally higher when the cancer is confined to the primary site. Therefore, it is crucial to note that early detection and treatment play the key roles in improving the outcomes of adrenal gland tumors.

• #2 Benign adrenal tumors | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/benign-adrenal-tumors?content_id=CON-20301710

  Most benign adrenal tumors cause no symptoms and don’t need treatment. But sometimes these tumors make high levels of some hormones that can cause problems. […] Symptoms depend on whether the tumor makes hormones, what hormone it makes and how much it makes. But many benign adrenal gland tumors don’t cause symptoms because they don’t make hormones. […] The most common type of benign adrenal tumor, called adenoma, comes from the adrenal cortex. This type of tumor might cause symptoms such as weight gain, easy bruising, high blood pressure, diabetes, depressed mood, tiredness, and muscle weakness or cramping. […] A type of benign adrenal tumor from the medulla is called pheochromocytoma. It might cause the following symptoms: high blood pressure, fast heartbeat, sweating, tremors, and headache. […] Treatment depends on how likely the tumor is to become cancer. Treatment also might depend on whether the tumor is making hormones, the type of hormone it makes and how much it’s making.

• #2 Adrenal Gland Tumor: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/adrenal-gland-tumor

  An adrenal gland tumor is an abnormal growth in the adrenal glands, which can vary in size, behavior, and hormone production. […] Most adrenal tumors are nonfunctioning, meaning that they dont produce excess hormones and pose minimal health risks. However, some can lead to hormone overproduction, resulting in related health issues. […] The vast majority of adrenal adenomas are benign (noncancerous), and these can be either functioning or nonfunctioning. Functioning ones produce excessive hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, or adrenaline, leading to specific health problems, while nonfunctioning ones dont produce such hormones. […] Adrenal tumors that are hormonally active (functioning), regardless of whether theyre benign or malignant, often cause symptoms due to the excessive hormones they produce.

• #2 Incidental adrenal masses – A primary care approach

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/june/incidental-adrenal-masses-a-primary-care-approach

  Adrenal incidentalomas are found in approximately 34% of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. […] In particular, incidentalomas must be evaluated in regard to their functional status and malignant potential, as lesions can range from being indolent, benign and non-functioning tumours that can simply be observed, to aggressive and hormonally active malignant lesions that require urgent surgical intervention. […] Overall, benign, non-functioning adrenal adenomas account for about 80% of adrenal incidentalomas. […] Most incidentalomas are benign and non-functioning; however, patients need a systematic pathway of evaluation as outlined in Figure 1. […] Almost 20% of patients with adrenal incidentalomas have subclinical hormonal abnormalities, which have been associated with an increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and bone diseases.

• #2 Benign Lesions of the Adrenal Gland | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/kidney-health/conditions-we-treat/benign-lesions-of-the-adrenal-gland

  Most adrenal tumors do not produce hormones (non-functional) and are found incidentally on CT or MR imaging, therefore not causing symptoms. […] In adrenal Cushing’s syndrome, excess cortisol is produced by adrenal gland tumors or hyperplastic adrenal glands. […] Signs/Symptoms: Weight gain and fat distribution mostly in the abdominal region, Easy bruising/thinning of the skin, Poor wound healing, Round face, Weak bones, which can lead to fractures, Fatigue, High blood pressure, High blood sugar, Irritability, anxiety, mood swings and/or depression, Increased acne, Increased thirst and urination, Lack of menstrual periods/excessive facial hair in women. […] Conn’s Syndrome occurs with the overproduction of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands. […] Most patients have no complaints, but have high blood pressure that does not respond to conventional treatment.

• #2 Cushing syndrome due to adrenal tumor: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000407.htm

  Cushing syndrome due to adrenal tumor is a form of Cushing syndrome. It occurs when a tumor of the adrenal gland releases excess amounts of the hormone cortisol. […] Adrenal tumors are rare. They can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). […] Most people with Cushing syndrome have: Round, red, full face (moon face), Slow growth rate in children, Weight gain with fat accumulation on the trunk, but fat loss from the arms, legs, and buttocks (central obesity). […] Skin changes that are often seen include: Skin infections, Purple stretch marks (1/2 inch or 1 centimeter or more wide), called striae, on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, upper arms, and breasts, Thin skin with easy bruising. […] Muscle and bone changes include: Backache, which occurs with routine activities, Bone pain or tenderness, Collection of fat between the shoulders and above the collar bone, Rib and spine fractures caused by thinning of the bones, Weak muscles, especially of the hips and shoulders.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Adrenal Cancers and Adrenal Tumors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/adrenal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  The main signs and symptoms caused by aldosterone-producing adrenal tumors are: High blood pressure, Low blood potassium levels, Weakness, Muscle cramps. […] As an adrenal cancer grows, it presses on nearby structures and tissues. This may cause: Pain near the tumor, A feeling of fullness in the abdomen, Trouble eating because of a feeling of filling up quickly.

• #2 Signs & Symptoms of Adrenal Gland Tumors | scan.com

  https://scan.com/blog/adrenal-gland-tumors

  Adrenal tumors generally fall into one of four categories: adenomas, pheochromocytomas carcinomas, or neuroblastomas. Some adrenal tumors will be malignant, but most will be benign. Symptoms of functioning adrenal tumors will vary by type. […] Adenomas are benign tumors, but can still have side effects. Functioning adrenal adenomas overproduce adrenal hormones like aldosterone and cortisol. Excess production of cortisol results in a condition called Cushings Syndrome, which can result in diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), sexual dysfunction, and obesity. Excess production of aldosterone causes Conns syndrome, which can cause high blood pressure, weakness, constipation, excessive urinating, and even personality changes. […] The main symptom of pheochromocytoma, a benign adrenal tumor, is high blood pressure (hypertension). In addition to hypertension, the following symptoms are also commonly reported: Feeling like your heart is racing, pounding dramatically, or fluttering (palpitating), Tremors, Anxiety, Sweating or clammy skin, Headache, Nausea and/or vomiting.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Adrenal Cancers and Adrenal Tumors | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/adrenal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html

  For about half of people with adrenal cancer, symptoms are caused by the hormones made by the tumor. […] In the other half, symptoms occur because the tumor has grown so large that it presses on nearby structures. […] If the tumor secretes estrogens (female-type hormones), girls can start puberty early. […] The symptoms from high levels of sex hormones are less noticeable in adults because they have already gone through puberty and have breasts and adult patterns of body hair. […] Symptoms are easier to notice if the tumor is making the hormone that is usually found in the opposite sex. […] Excessive levels of cortisol cause a problem known as Cushing syndrome. […] Cushing syndrome may be caused by an adrenal cancer or an adrenal adenoma that makes high levels of cortisol and/or related hormones, but it can also have other causes.

• #2

  https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/cancer-types-and-treatments/adrenal-cancer/signs-and-symptoms.php

  Adrenal cancer is rare, affecting about 600 people in the United States each year. […] Many adrenal tumors are diagnosed incidentally, meaning they are found during tests for other, unrelated conditions. […] The majority of adrenal tumors are benign (non-cancerous). […] Adrenal cancer doesn’t usually cause symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can be due to the physical size of the tumor (greater than a few inches) pressing up against nearby organs. Other symptoms can be attributed to the tumor overproducing hormones made by the adrenal gland, including androgens, estrogens and cortisol. […] Symptoms resulting from tumor size and location: Pain in the abdomen, A feeling of fullness, Filling up soon into a meal. […] Symptoms resulting from increased androgen production: Excessive facial and body hair before puberty, Excessive facial hair in women at any age, An enlarged penis or clitoris before puberty, Receding hairline in women, Irregular menstrual periods, Deepened voice.

• #2 Pheochromocytoma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23373-pheochromocytoma

  Most pheochromocytomas are benign (not cancerous). Approximately 10% to 15% of pheochromocytomas may be malignant (cancerous). […] Signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma happen when the tumor releases too much adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine) into your blood. However, some pheochromocytoma tumors don’t make extra adrenaline or noradrenaline and don’t cause symptoms (are asymptomatic). […] Common symptoms of pheochromocytoma include: High blood pressure (hypertension), Headache, Excessive sweating for no known reason, A pounding, fast or irregular heartbeat, Feeling shaky. […] A person with a pheochromocytoma could have sustained high blood pressure (the most common symptom of pheochromocytoma) or it may come and go. […] People with pheochromocytomas may also experience paroxysmal attacks, which are chronic episodes of high blood pressure that often lead to headaches, irregular heartbeats (palpitations) and excessive sweating (diaphoresis). These episodes can happen anywhere from several times a day to a couple of times a month. […] The prognosis (outlook) for pheochromocytoma is usually good if it’s treated. Approximately 90% of pheochromocytomas are successfully removed by surgery.

• #2 Benign Lesions of the Adrenal Gland | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/kidney-health/conditions-we-treat/benign-lesions-of-the-adrenal-gland

  Pheochromocytomas are tumors that cause overproduction of cathecholamine hormones, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, that are involved in maintaining blood pressure. Excessive secretion of these hormones can cause very high blood pressure, heart palpitations, anxiety and sweating. […] Episodes of high blood pressure with associated: Sweating, Headache, Heart palpitations, Anxiety. […] Although most adrenal lesions are benign non-functional adenomas, masses in patients with a known primary extra-adrenal malignancy require evaluation.

• #2 Phaeochromocytoma

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/phaeochromocytoma/

  The symptoms of a phaeochromocytoma tend to be unpredictable, often occurring in sudden attacks lasting from a few minutes to an hour. […] The attacks may last longer, and become more frequent and severe, as the tumour grows. […] The symptoms and signs of a phaeochromocytoma can include: headaches, heavy sweating, heart palpitations, high blood pressure, a pale face, feeling or being sick, feeling anxious or panicky, shakiness (tremor). […] Some people with a phaeochromocytoma do not have symptoms, and their condition is either never diagnosed or only discovered during tests for another problem, such as high blood pressure. Others have symptoms for many years before a phaeochromocytoma is diagnosed. […] Without treatment, phaeochromocytomas can cause severe problems and significantly affect your quality of life.

• #2 How fast do adrenal tumors grow? How fast they spread

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-fast-do-adrenal-tumors-grow

  Benign adrenal tumors may not require treatment if they do not cause symptoms. If they do, the treatment is surgery. […] The vast majority of all adrenal tumors in people without any known cancer are adenomas, which are benign. They grow more slowly than malignant tumors. […] Research suggests the growth rate is between 0.3 and 2.8 mm a year, whereas malignant adrenal tumors may grow between 5.8 and 395.4 mm a year.

• #2 Incidental adrenal masses – A primary care approach

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/june/incidental-adrenal-masses-a-primary-care-approach

  Although primary malignancy of the adrenal is rare, with an incidence of 0.52 per 1 million, it is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis, highlighting the importance of thorough clinical evaluation. […] The two factors that affect management decisions for adrenal incidentalomas are the functional status of the lesion and malignant potential. […] All patients with an adrenal lesion who have signs, symptoms and biochemical evidence of glucocorticoid, sex hormone or catecholamine excess should undergo surgical intervention. […] If a lesion of any size has radiological features that are suggestive of malignancy, surgical resection is indicated. […] Although there is no consensus, it is broadly recommended that tumours 4 cm are resected because of the increased risk of adrenocortical carcinoma. […] In patients with non-functional tumours that are 4 cm, follow-up metabolic evaluation is recommended annually for five years because there is a risk of subsequent hyperfunction, which has been documented to be 17%, 29% and 47% at one, two and five years respectively.

• #2 Adrenal Nodules | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/endocrinology-diabetes-and-metabolism/adrenal-nodules

  Adrenal nodules are found in approximately 5-8% of all patients. The vast majority are benign (non-cancerous) and do not produce excess amounts of hormone. Most adrenal nodules do not cause any symptoms and are found only when imaging studies (CT scans, MRIs) are obtained to evaluate symptoms related to another problem. […] If patients are found to have a benign appearing nodule by imaging and no evidence of excess hormone production, patients are scheduled for a follow-up CT scan in 6 months. If no changes in imaging characteristics are noted on subsequent scans, continued care can range from no further follow-up (nodule is considered benign and does not need to be followed) to imaging and biochemical/laboratory testing for five years. […] If laboratory studies/blood-work show evidence of excess hormone production, further evaluation is pursued to determine what hormone is being produced and which gland is producing the excess hormone as not all excess hormone production comes from the nodule seen on imaging. Sometimes, the nodule is not producing excess hormone, but the entire gland (or both glands) may be responsible for producing too much of a particular hormone.

• #2 Adrenal Gland Tumor: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/adrenal-gland-tumor

  Symptoms of aldosterone-secreting adrenal tumors may include: hypertension (especially resistant hypertension), muscle weakness, low potassium levels (hypokalemia), low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia), high sodium levels (hypernatremia). […] Hormonally inactive (nonfunctioning) adrenal adenomas typically dont cause symptoms and are often discovered incidentally on abdominal imaging. […] Nonfunctioning adrenal tumors can cause symptoms if they grow large enough to press on surrounding organs, nerves, or blood vessels, leading to discomfort or pain. […] Research shows that nonfunctioning adrenal tumors have a chance of becoming hormonally active over time: 17% within 1 year, 29% within 2 years, 47% within 5 years. […] The likelihood of an adrenal adenoma turning into a cancerous tumor is very low. […] Most adrenal tumors are benign and therefore not deadly. […] Adrenal gland tumors are abnormal growths with varying size, behavior, and hormone production. Most are benign and nonfunctioning, but some are cancerous.

• #2 Phaeochromocytoma

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/phaeochromocytoma/

  You’ll be at risk of an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), heart attacks, strokes and organ failure. […] However, most tumours can be successfully removed by surgery and this will usually mean most of the symptoms disappear. […] In a small number of people, the tumour may come back. You’ll therefore need regular check-ups following surgery so that, if it does return, it can be picked up and treated as soon as possible. Contact your GP immediately if your symptoms come back.

• #2 How to Differentiate Benign from Malignant Adrenocortical Tumors?

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8431066/

  The average age at diagnosis of patients with ACC ranges from 47 to 55 years old, whereas some series demonstrate a bimodal age distribution with a second peak in the pediatric group. […] In approximately half of the patients, the first symptoms of ACC are related to hormonal overproduction, primarily hypercortisolism. In other cases, patients may present with symptoms or complaints as a result of local tumor growth or metastases, like abdominal discomfort, back pain or abdominal fullness.

• #2 Adrenal Tumors | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/adrenal-tumors

  Adrenal tumors may be functioning or non-functioning, meaning that some produce hormones and some do not. Non-functioning tumors dont make excess hormones. Functioning tumors produce extra hormones that can cause problems such as early puberty, high blood pressure, sweating, headaches, and abdominal pain. […] The symptoms of adrenal tumors may vary from child to child and depend on where the tumor is located and what kind it is. Symptoms might mimic other, more common ailments. Some common symptoms may include: Abdominal pain, fullness, or the presence of an abdominal lump, Weight changes, Early onset pubertal changes, High blood pressure. […] In general, children treated for adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas enjoy an excellent prognosis, with a full recovery expected in many cases. Children with adrenocortical carcinomas have the best outlook if their tumor is small and can be completely removed surgically. If not, the childs prognosis will depend on a number of factors, including age and whether the cancer has spread. For children with genetic risk factors that can increase their risk of developing other tumors in the future, long-term follow up may be needed.

• #2 Benign adrenal tumors | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20301710/

  A type of benign adrenal tumor from the medulla is called pheochromocytoma. It might cause the following symptoms: High blood pressure, also called hypertension. Fast heartbeat. Sweating. Tremors. Headache. […] Benign adrenal tumors often dont need treatment. Treatment depends on how likely the tumor is to become cancer. Treatment also might depend on whether the tumor is making hormones, the type of hormone it makes and how much its making. […] If the tumor is getting bigger or causing symptoms, the symptoms might be treated with medicines. Medicines also might be used to treat symptoms such as high blood pressure before surgery.

• #2 Adrenal Adenoma – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539906/

  The long-term prognosis of patients with adrenal adenomas is typically excellent. Nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas often do not require treatment. Adrenal incidentalomas without excessive hormone production have a risk of becoming hormonally active, estimated at 17%, 29%, and 47% within 1, 2, or 5 years, respectively. However, the transformation of an adrenal adenoma into adrenocortical carcinoma is an extremely rare occurrence. […] Cushing syndrome resulting from a cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma has been associated with a wide range of complications, with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders being particularly noteworthy. The most common complication associated with aldosterone-producing adenomas is uncontrollable hypertension. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, primary hyperaldosteronism can result in sodium and water retention at the nephron level, leading to complications such as fluid overload, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction.

• #2 Adrenal tumor: Outlook and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-serious-is-a-tumor-on-the-adrenal-gland

  Adrenal gland tumors may be cancerous or benign. Most adrenal tumors are benign, but can produce excess levels of certain hormones. […] Noncancerous, or benign, adrenal tumors do not spread, and in most people, are not life threatening. Most tumors on the adrenal gland are not cancerous. […] Benign adrenal gland tumors may be functional or nonfunctional. Functional tumors make excess hormones, which can affect other systems in the body and cause symptoms. Nonfunctional tumors do not usually cause any symptoms. […] Some adrenal tumors may not cause any symptoms. However, if a tumor produces a certain hormone, it may cause symptoms, including: unexplained weight changes, abnormal hair growth, irregular menstruation, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, weakness, purple stretch marks on the abdomen. […] Benign adrenal tumors are usually not life threatening, but people may require treatment if the tumor causes symptoms. […] Most adrenal tumors are benign and adrenal cancer is rare. In total, less than 1% of adrenal gland tumors are cancerous.

• #3 Adrenal Tumors | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/adrenal-tumors

  Benign adrenal tumors are noncancerous, so they dont metastasize, or spread, to other parts of the body. These types of tumors are often found by chance when youre having diagnostic tests done for something unrelated. […] Symptoms of adrenal tumors depend on which type of tumor you have and where it is located. Common symptoms include a rise in blood pressure, unexplained weight gain or weakness, dramatically increased thirst or urination, or other symptoms.

• #3 Symptoms of Adrenal Tumors and Adrenal Hormones

  https://www.adrenal.com/adrenal-tumors/symptoms

  Adrenal tumors may cause significant symptoms, but some people with an adrenal tumor may have no symptoms and feel completely normal. Typically, the symptoms of adrenal tumors are related to which type (if any) of the adrenal hormones the tumor is overproducing. If you have an adrenal tumor, the symptoms and signs may include: Hypertension (high blood pressure), Obesity/weight gain, Fatigue, Muscle weakness, Hypokalemia (low potassium levels), Insomnia or sleep disturbances, Excess fat in the upper back, shoulders and neck (called buffalo hump), Round, full face (called „moon face”), Thin, easily bruising skin, Stretch marks (often purple-red on the lower abdomen, thighs, and breasts), Weight gain or loss, Diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance, Recurrent headaches, Pallor (paleness), Panic attack symptoms (fear, anxiety), Irregular or rapid heart rate, Dizziness, especially when standing, Tremors, Abdominal fullness, discomfort or pain, In women: Virilization (male characteristics, with facial and body hair, deepening voice, menstrual irregularities etc), In men: Feminization (female characteristics, with breast enlargement and tenderness, lowered sex drive and erection dysfunction).

• #3 What is Benign Adrenal Gland Tumor? Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://anavara.com/treatment/benign-adrenal-tumor

  Functional tumors in the cortex lead to the secretion of excess cortex hormones, and each hormone produced in excess has its effect. They include: Excess cortisol secretion leads to Hypercortisolism or Cushing’s Syndrome. The symptoms specific to this condition are as follows: High blood pressure or hypertension, High blood sugar levels, which can lead to diabetes, Visible stretch marks on the skin (purple, pink, bluish-red), mostly on the breasts, stomach, and thighs, Skin becomes easily bruised, Abdominal weight gain or obesity (pot belly), Fat accumulation in the upper back, in the middle of the shoulders, and/or in the neck, Facial swelling; round, full, moon face, Intolerance to glucose, Acne, Fatigue, Weak muscles, Uncontrollable mood swings. […] Excess secretion in the aldosterone can lead to Hyperaldosteronism or Conn’s Syndrome. The symptoms may include: Low potassium level, Osteoporosis; bone fractures, High blood pressure, Muscle cramps, numbness, and in rare cases, paralysis, General body weakness and fatigue.

• #3 Benign Lesions of the Adrenal Gland | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/services/urology/kidney-health/conditions-we-treat/benign-lesions-of-the-adrenal-gland

  Most adrenal tumors do not produce hormones (non-functional) and are found incidentally on CT or MR imaging, therefore not causing symptoms. […] In adrenal Cushing’s syndrome, excess cortisol is produced by adrenal gland tumors or hyperplastic adrenal glands. […] Signs/Symptoms: Weight gain and fat distribution mostly in the abdominal region, Easy bruising/thinning of the skin, Poor wound healing, Round face, Weak bones, which can lead to fractures, Fatigue, High blood pressure, High blood sugar, Irritability, anxiety, mood swings and/or depression, Increased acne, Increased thirst and urination, Lack of menstrual periods/excessive facial hair in women. […] Conn’s Syndrome occurs with the overproduction of the hormone aldosterone by the adrenal glands. […] Most patients have no complaints, but have high blood pressure that does not respond to conventional treatment.

• #3 Your Guide to Managing Adrenal Rest Tumor: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options – The Kingsley Clinic

  https://thekingsleyclinic.com/adrenal-gland/your-guide-to-managing-adrenal-rest-tumor-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment-options/

  Approximately 2% of Adrenal Cortex Adenomas can lead to Conn’s syndrome. These adenomas overproduce aldosterone, leading to hypertension, low potassium levels, and sometimes muscle weakness or spasms. The surplus aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention and potassium excretion, disrupting the body’s electrolyte balance and causing the symptoms of Conn’s syndrome.

• #3 What Is Adrenal Gland Adenoma?

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/adrenal-gland-adenoma

  When it comes to sex hormones, you get different problems based on whether youre a man or woman. In women, too much testosterone can cause problems like no menstrual periods and hair loss. In men, too much estrogen can cause lower sex drive and problems getting an erection. […] This type of tumor is called a pheochromocytoma. Its rare and not usually cancer. You may get too much epinephrine or norepinephrine in your blood, which can cause high blood pressure, flushing/sweating, headaches, and heart palpitations.

• #3 Phaeochromocytoma

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/phaeochromocytoma/

  The symptoms of a phaeochromocytoma tend to be unpredictable, often occurring in sudden attacks lasting from a few minutes to an hour. […] The attacks may last longer, and become more frequent and severe, as the tumour grows. […] The symptoms and signs of a phaeochromocytoma can include: headaches, heavy sweating, heart palpitations, high blood pressure, a pale face, feeling or being sick, feeling anxious or panicky, shakiness (tremor). […] Some people with a phaeochromocytoma do not have symptoms, and their condition is either never diagnosed or only discovered during tests for another problem, such as high blood pressure. Others have symptoms for many years before a phaeochromocytoma is diagnosed. […] Without treatment, phaeochromocytomas can cause severe problems and significantly affect your quality of life.

• #3 Childhood Adrenal Tumors | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute

  https://www.dana-farber.org/cancer-care/types/childhood-adrenal-tumors

  In general, children treated for adrenal adenomas and pheochromocytomas have an excellent prognosis. We expect a full recovery expected in many cases. Children with adrenocortical carcinomas have the best outlook if the tumor is small and the surgeon can remove it entirely. If not, the child’s prognosis will depend on several factors, including age and whether the cancer has spread. For children with genetic risk factors that can increase their risk of developing other tumors in the future, long-term follow-up may be needed.

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