Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Patient education: Giardia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardia-beyond-the-basics

  Giardia (also called giardiasis or Giardia infection) is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a microscopic organism called Giardia lamblia. This parasite, which also goes by the names Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis, resides in the gut and can cause diarrhea and stomach discomfort (nausea, stomachache). It is one of the most common gastrointestinal parasites; it is estimated that over 300 million cases occur globally each year. […] Giardia can affect people of all ages, but it is especially common in children younger than five years old. It is also seen in internationally adopted children and among people who travel in resource-limited settings. […] Treatment for Giardia involves taking an antibiotic. The duration of treatment varies depending on the antibiotic given and on whether or not you have a weakened immune system. In most cases, this is enough to eliminate the infection and its symptoms.

• #2 Patient education: Giardia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardia-beyond-the-basics/print

  Giardia (also called giardiasis or Giardia infection) is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a microscopic organism called Giardia lamblia. This parasite, which also goes by the names Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis, resides in the gut and can cause diarrhea and stomach discomfort (nausea, stomachache). It is one of the most common gastrointestinal parasites; it is estimated that over 300 million cases occur globally each year. […] Treatment for Giardia involves taking an antibiotic. The duration of treatment varies depending on the antibiotic given and on whether or not you have a weakened immune system. In most cases, this is enough to eliminate the infection and its symptoms. […] Special considerations for children — Antibiotics are the most important part of Giardia treatment both in children and adults, but children sometimes need additional care. Diarrhea can cause dehydration and a salt imbalance, both of which can be especially tough on children. For them, drinks containing electrolytes may be recommended to restore what is lost through diarrhea. Fluid and electrolyte replacement are discussed in detail separately.

• #3 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea. […] Giardia infection (giardiasis) is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease in the United States. […] Giardia infections usually clear up within a few weeks. But you may have intestinal problems long after the parasites are gone. Several drugs are generally effective against giardia parasites, but not everyone responds to them. Prevention is your best defense. […] Call your doctor if you have loose stools, stomach cramping and bloating, and nausea lasting more than a week, or if you become dehydrated. […] Giardia parasites live in the intestines of people and animals. […] Infection occurs when you accidentally swallow the parasite cysts. […] The most common way to become infected with giardia is after swallowing unsafe (contaminated) water.

• #4 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  Giardiasis (jee-ahr-dahy-uh-sis) is a diarrheal illness caused by a parasite called Giardia. The Giardia parasite lives in the intestines of infected people and animals and forms an outer shell called a „cyst”. Giardia cysts can live outside the body for long periods of time. […] Giardiasis is a contagious disease. When a person or animal infected with Giardia begins to have symptoms, millions of cysts are shed in their feces during a bowel movement. The shedding of the cysts can last for weeks after the symptoms stop. People can become infected after accidentally swallowing Giardia cysts. […] Symptoms can begin one to two weeks after becoming infected with the Giardia cysts. Symptoms include: Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Bloating, Gas, Fatigue, Weight loss, Dehydration. […] Giardiasis can be diagnosed by your health care provider by looking for the cysts in a sample of feces under a microscope or using special tests.

• #5 Patient education: Giardia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardia-beyond-the-basics

  Giardia (also called giardiasis or Giardia infection) is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a microscopic organism called Giardia lamblia. This parasite, which also goes by the names Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis, resides in the gut and can cause diarrhea and stomach discomfort (nausea, stomachache). It is one of the most common gastrointestinal parasites; it is estimated that over 300 million cases occur globally each year. […] Giardia can affect people of all ages, but it is especially common in children younger than five years old. It is also seen in internationally adopted children and among people who travel in resource-limited settings. […] Treatment for Giardia involves taking an antibiotic. The duration of treatment varies depending on the antibiotic given and on whether or not you have a weakened immune system. In most cases, this is enough to eliminate the infection and its symptoms.

• #6 Giardiasis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-overview

  Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease found throughout the world. The flagellate protozoan Giardia intestinalis (previously known as G lamblia or G duodenalis), its causative agent, is the most commonly identified intestinal parasite in the United States and the most common protozoal intestinal parasite isolated worldwide. Infection is more common in children than in adults. […] Giardiasis usually represents a zoonosis with cross-infectivity between animals and humans. Giardia intestinalis has been isolated from the stools of beavers, dogs, cats, and primates. […] Giardia species are endemic in areas of the world that have poor sanitation. In developing countries, the disease is an important cause of morbidity. Water-borne and food-borne outbreaks are common. […] High-risk groups for giardiasis include travelers to highly endemic areas, immunocompromised individuals, and sexually active homosexual men.

• #7 Giardiasis – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/giardiasis.page

  Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. […] You can become infected by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with the parasite. […] Person-to-person transmission can occur in day care centers or other settings where hand-washing practices are poor. […] Giardiasis occurs more often in children and child care workers, people who travel to areas with poor food or water sanitation, men who have sex with men and those who drink water from sources such as lakes, rivers or streams. […] Symptoms include: Mild or severe diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Bloating, Fatigue. […] Symptoms usually begin within 10 days after exposure, but the range can be from three to 25 days. […] Treatment with some medicines may shorten this carrier period.

• #8 Giardia Infections: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html

  Giardiasis is an illness caused by a parasite called Giardia intestinalis. It lives in soil, food, and water. It may also be on surfaces that have been contaminated with waste. You can become infected if you swallow the parasite. You can also get it if you’re exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact. […] The risk of getting giardia is higher for travelers to countries where it is common, people in child care settings, and those who drink untreated water. […] Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardia infection. Others include: Passing gas, Greasy stools, Stomach cramps, Upset stomach or nausea. […] These symptoms may lead to weight loss and loss of body fluids. Some people have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of infection often last two to six weeks. Stool sample tests can diagnose it. You often need to collect several samples to test. Doctors use several drugs to treat it.

• #9 Giardiasis – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/giardiasis.page

  Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. […] You can become infected by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with the parasite. […] Person-to-person transmission can occur in day care centers or other settings where hand-washing practices are poor. […] Giardiasis occurs more often in children and child care workers, people who travel to areas with poor food or water sanitation, men who have sex with men and those who drink water from sources such as lakes, rivers or streams. […] Symptoms include: Mild or severe diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Bloating, Fatigue. […] Symptoms usually begin within 10 days after exposure, but the range can be from three to 25 days. […] Treatment with some medicines may shorten this carrier period.

• #10 Giardiasis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/giardiasis.html

  Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by infection with the parasite Giardia lamblia, which lives in contaminated water. […] A person can remain infected with Giardia until the infection is diagnosed and treated. […] People at greatest risk of giardiasis include children in day care centers and their families, day care workers, travelers to developing countries, campers who drink unprocessed water, and homosexual men (because of anal sex). […] Children are three times more likely to develop giardiasis than adults. […] The diagnosis is made by testing the stool for Giardia antigen, a protein that is made by G. lamblia parasites, or by identifying G. lamblia cysts or parasites in stool samples. […] If you don’t receive treatment for a Giardia infection, you will probably eventually recover on your own. However, treatment is a good idea for anyone who is having symptoms.

• #11 Giardiasis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-overview

  Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease found throughout the world. The flagellate protozoan Giardia intestinalis (previously known as G lamblia or G duodenalis), its causative agent, is the most commonly identified intestinal parasite in the United States and the most common protozoal intestinal parasite isolated worldwide. Infection is more common in children than in adults. […] Giardiasis usually represents a zoonosis with cross-infectivity between animals and humans. Giardia intestinalis has been isolated from the stools of beavers, dogs, cats, and primates. […] Giardia species are endemic in areas of the world that have poor sanitation. In developing countries, the disease is an important cause of morbidity. Water-borne and food-borne outbreaks are common. […] High-risk groups for giardiasis include travelers to highly endemic areas, immunocompromised individuals, and sexually active homosexual men.

• #12 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea. […] Giardia infection (giardiasis) is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease in the United States. […] Giardia infections usually clear up within a few weeks. But you may have intestinal problems long after the parasites are gone. Several drugs are generally effective against giardia parasites, but not everyone responds to them. Prevention is your best defense. […] Call your doctor if you have loose stools, stomach cramping and bloating, and nausea lasting more than a week, or if you become dehydrated. […] Giardia parasites live in the intestines of people and animals. […] Infection occurs when you accidentally swallow the parasite cysts. […] The most common way to become infected with giardia is after swallowing unsafe (contaminated) water.

• #13 For health professionals: Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/giardia-infection/health-professionals.html

  Giardia is a parasite that occurs worldwide. The parasite is in the top 5 most common cases of infectious diarrheal diseases in Canada and can affect people of all ages. […] Giardia is the most commonly identified intestinal parasite in Canada. The Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System reported 10.42 cases of giardiasis per 100,000 people in 2015. […] Drinking untreated water is a common source of infection and can result in community-wide epidemics. […] Most people with giardiasis will have some or all of the following symptoms: gas, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting. […] Most infections resolve on their own within 1 to 2 weeks or longer. For some cases, recurrence of symptoms can occur after several days or weeks. […] More chronic infections can occur and result in malabsorption. As a result, significant weight loss may occur, as well as hypoalbuminemia and deficiencies in vitamins A, B12 and folate.

• #14

  https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/doc/?id=4952529&pid=19239

  Giardia in Pets […] Giardia are single-celled organisms, infectious to many types of animals (including humans) all over the world. Their presence in the host intestine can cause diarrhea, though some hosts are symptom-free carriers. Giardia has two forms: the trophozoite and the cyst. The cysts are the contagious stage. Trophozoites are in the parasitic stage. […] Transmission is by the fecal-oral route from infected stool or contaminated water. After infection, it takes 5 to 12 days for dogs or 5 to 16 days for cats for Giardia to be found in the stool. Infection is more common in kennels or shelters where animals are housed in groups. […] Giardia causes diarrhea ranging from minor to severe. Veterinarians don’t know why some infected hosts get diarrhea while others never do. Diagnosis requires a fresh fecal sample. Several tests may be needed as false negatives can occur. Treatment includes dewormers and metronidazole (antibiotic). A low-residue, highly digestible diet may be beneficial until stools are firm.

• #15 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  Giardiasis (jee-ahr-dahy-uh-sis) is a diarrheal illness caused by a parasite called Giardia. The Giardia parasite lives in the intestines of infected people and animals and forms an outer shell called a „cyst”. Giardia cysts can live outside the body for long periods of time. […] Giardiasis is a contagious disease. When a person or animal infected with Giardia begins to have symptoms, millions of cysts are shed in their feces during a bowel movement. The shedding of the cysts can last for weeks after the symptoms stop. People can become infected after accidentally swallowing Giardia cysts. […] Symptoms can begin one to two weeks after becoming infected with the Giardia cysts. Symptoms include: Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Bloating, Gas, Fatigue, Weight loss, Dehydration. […] Giardiasis can be diagnosed by your health care provider by looking for the cysts in a sample of feces under a microscope or using special tests.

• #16 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea. […] Giardia infection (giardiasis) is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease in the United States. […] Giardia infections usually clear up within a few weeks. But you may have intestinal problems long after the parasites are gone. Several drugs are generally effective against giardia parasites, but not everyone responds to them. Prevention is your best defense. […] Call your doctor if you have loose stools, stomach cramping and bloating, and nausea lasting more than a week, or if you become dehydrated. […] Giardia parasites live in the intestines of people and animals. […] Infection occurs when you accidentally swallow the parasite cysts. […] The most common way to become infected with giardia is after swallowing unsafe (contaminated) water.

• #17 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Giardia parasites can be spread through food either because food handlers with giardia infection don’t wash their hands thoroughly or because raw produce is irrigated or washed with unsafe (contaminated) water. […] You can get infected with giardia if your hands become dirty with feces parents changing a child’s diapers are especially at risk. […] Giardia infection is far more common in children than it is in adults. […] Giardia infection is rampant wherever sanitation is inadequate or water isn’t safe to drink. […] Giardia infection is almost never fatal in industrialized countries. But it can cause lingering symptoms and serious complications, especially in infants and children. […] No drug or vaccine can prevent giardia infection. But commonsense precautions can go a long way toward reducing the chances that you’ll become infected or spread the infection to others.

• #18 Giardiasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/giardiasis

  Giardiasis is a parasitic infection thats diagnosed by examining a stool sample and sometimes taking a tissue sample from the small intestine. […] Giardiasis is an infection in your small intestine. Its caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. […] Giardiasis also spreads through personal contact. For example, unprotected anal sex can pass the infection from one person to another. […] Changing a childs diaper or picking up the parasite while working in a day care center are also common ways to become infected. […] You may have to submit one or more stool samples for testing. A technician will check your stool sample for giardia parasites. […] Your doctor might prescribe medication if your infection is severe or prolonged. Most doctors will recommend treatment with antiparasitic drugs, rather than leaving it to clear up on its own.

• #19 Giardia Infections: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html

  Giardiasis is an illness caused by a parasite called Giardia intestinalis. It lives in soil, food, and water. It may also be on surfaces that have been contaminated with waste. You can become infected if you swallow the parasite. You can also get it if you’re exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact. […] The risk of getting giardia is higher for travelers to countries where it is common, people in child care settings, and those who drink untreated water. […] Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardia infection. Others include: Passing gas, Greasy stools, Stomach cramps, Upset stomach or nausea. […] These symptoms may lead to weight loss and loss of body fluids. Some people have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of infection often last two to six weeks. Stool sample tests can diagnose it. You often need to collect several samples to test. Doctors use several drugs to treat it.

• #20 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Giardiasis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p802.html

  Giardiasis has become an increasingly common cause of diarrhea and malabsorption in humans. The usual incubation period for symptomatic giardiasis is one to two weeks but may vary from one to 45 days. Patients who develop symptoms usually have loose diarrhea with foul-smelling, non-bloody stools. Other common symptoms include flatulence, abdominal cramps, bloating, anorexia, nausea and weight loss. Malabsorption is common and is the likely cause of the substantial weight loss that may occur. Several effective treatments are currently available for patients with symptomatic giardiasis. The majority of patients will respond to a five-day course of metronidazole. The prevention of infection with G. lamblia should focus primarily on the avoidance of contaminated water. Vigorous hand-washing and proper disposal of soiled diapers should be practiced in day care settings.

• #21 Giardia: Infection, treatment and prevention | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

  https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/giardia-infection-treatment-and-prevention

  Giardiasis is a common parasitic infection that can cause diarrhea in dogs. It is caused by an intestinal parasite called Giardia, which can be found in feces-contaminated soil, food and water. […] Some dogs infected with Giardia may not show any signs of infection, but younger dogs or dogs with weakened immune systems are more likely to experience symptoms. It is very easy for dogs to reinfect themselves with Giardia, so successful treatment relies on effective anti-parasitic medications, cleaning and managing the surrounding environment both indoors and outdoors. […] The most common clinical signs of Giardiasis include: Acute or sudden diarrhea, Soft or watery stool with mucus and a foul odor, Abdominal discomfort. […] The goal of treatment is to resolve diarrhea and other clinical signs. Dogs without symptoms may not require treatment.

• #22 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Giardiasis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p802.html

  Giardiasis has become an increasingly common cause of diarrhea and malabsorption in humans. The usual incubation period for symptomatic giardiasis is one to two weeks but may vary from one to 45 days. Patients who develop symptoms usually have loose diarrhea with foul-smelling, non-bloody stools. Other common symptoms include flatulence, abdominal cramps, bloating, anorexia, nausea and weight loss. Malabsorption is common and is the likely cause of the substantial weight loss that may occur. Several effective treatments are currently available for patients with symptomatic giardiasis. The majority of patients will respond to a five-day course of metronidazole. The prevention of infection with G. lamblia should focus primarily on the avoidance of contaminated water. Vigorous hand-washing and proper disposal of soiled diapers should be practiced in day care settings.

• #23 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  Giardiasis (jee-ahr-dahy-uh-sis) is a diarrheal illness caused by a parasite called Giardia. The Giardia parasite lives in the intestines of infected people and animals and forms an outer shell called a „cyst”. Giardia cysts can live outside the body for long periods of time. […] Giardiasis is a contagious disease. When a person or animal infected with Giardia begins to have symptoms, millions of cysts are shed in their feces during a bowel movement. The shedding of the cysts can last for weeks after the symptoms stop. People can become infected after accidentally swallowing Giardia cysts. […] Symptoms can begin one to two weeks after becoming infected with the Giardia cysts. Symptoms include: Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Bloating, Gas, Fatigue, Weight loss, Dehydration. […] Giardiasis can be diagnosed by your health care provider by looking for the cysts in a sample of feces under a microscope or using special tests.

• #24 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea. […] Giardia infection (giardiasis) is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease in the United States. […] Giardia infections usually clear up within a few weeks. But you may have intestinal problems long after the parasites are gone. Several drugs are generally effective against giardia parasites, but not everyone responds to them. Prevention is your best defense. […] Call your doctor if you have loose stools, stomach cramping and bloating, and nausea lasting more than a week, or if you become dehydrated. […] Giardia parasites live in the intestines of people and animals. […] Infection occurs when you accidentally swallow the parasite cysts. […] The most common way to become infected with giardia is after swallowing unsafe (contaminated) water.

• #25 Giardia Infections: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html

  Giardiasis is an illness caused by a parasite called Giardia intestinalis. It lives in soil, food, and water. It may also be on surfaces that have been contaminated with waste. You can become infected if you swallow the parasite. You can also get it if you’re exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact. […] The risk of getting giardia is higher for travelers to countries where it is common, people in child care settings, and those who drink untreated water. […] Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardia infection. Others include: Passing gas, Greasy stools, Stomach cramps, Upset stomach or nausea. […] These symptoms may lead to weight loss and loss of body fluids. Some people have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of infection often last two to six weeks. Stool sample tests can diagnose it. You often need to collect several samples to test. Doctors use several drugs to treat it.

• #26 Giardiasis – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis is an infection you can get in your small intestine. It is caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. Once you have been infected with the parasite, it lives in your intestines. It is passed along through feces (poop). Anything that comes in contact with feces from an infected person or animal can become contaminated. Giardiasis is one of the main causes of diarrhea in the United States. It can be found all around the world. […] Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardiasis. Other symptoms include: Bloating, Intestinal gas, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Loss of appetite, Low-grade fever, Weight loss and loss of body fluids. […] Some people who get giardiasis don’t become ill. But they can still spread the parasite to other people. Giardiasis may be easily spread in daycare centers or nursing homes. It is important that workers wash their hands each time after changing diapers or helping someone go to the bathroom.

• #27 Giardiasis (beaver fever): Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167079

  Giardiasis, or beaver fever, is a parasitic infection of the digestive system. Symptoms include severe abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, but some people have no symptoms. […] Not everyone with giardiasis has symptoms, but they can still spread the disease. […] Diarrhea can lead to dehydration. If water loss is severe, it can become serious, especially for infants. It is important to consume plenty of fluids, preferably water. […] Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a drug that is effective for treating giardiasis. A doctor will prescribe the drug and advise about dosage. […] A person who recovers without treatment may continue to have and to shed the parasite, although this does not always happen. It depends on the individuals defense immunity. […] A doctor can provide medication to treat the infection. […] Good handwashing practices can reduce the risk.

• #28 Giardia | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/giardia

  Giardia is germ (a parasite) that causes an infectious disease (called “giardiasis”) that affects the stomach and bowels. Giardia germ is a common cause of diarrhea in the United States. […] The most common symptoms are diarrhea, foul-smelling soft stools, abdominal cramps, bloating, increased gas, weakness, loss of appetite and weight loss. Symptoms of giardiasis usually appear seven to ten days (but sometimes as long as four weeks) after the germs are swallowed. The symptoms may come and go for weeks in a person who is not treated. […] There are several medicines that are used to treat Giardia infection. They are only available by prescription from your physician. Other treatment for diarrhea, such as drinking more fluids, may also be recommended by your physician. […] Giardiasis can be prevented by practicing good hygiene and by using caution before drinking water from an unknown source.

• #29 Giardiasis – NYC Health

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/giardiasis.page

  Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. […] You can become infected by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with the parasite. […] Person-to-person transmission can occur in day care centers or other settings where hand-washing practices are poor. […] Giardiasis occurs more often in children and child care workers, people who travel to areas with poor food or water sanitation, men who have sex with men and those who drink water from sources such as lakes, rivers or streams. […] Symptoms include: Mild or severe diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Bloating, Fatigue. […] Symptoms usually begin within 10 days after exposure, but the range can be from three to 25 days. […] Treatment with some medicines may shorten this carrier period.

• #30 Giardia Infections: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/giardiainfections.html

  Giardiasis is an illness caused by a parasite called Giardia intestinalis. It lives in soil, food, and water. It may also be on surfaces that have been contaminated with waste. You can become infected if you swallow the parasite. You can also get it if you’re exposed to human feces (poop) through sexual contact. […] The risk of getting giardia is higher for travelers to countries where it is common, people in child care settings, and those who drink untreated water. […] Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardia infection. Others include: Passing gas, Greasy stools, Stomach cramps, Upset stomach or nausea. […] These symptoms may lead to weight loss and loss of body fluids. Some people have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of infection often last two to six weeks. Stool sample tests can diagnose it. You often need to collect several samples to test. Doctors use several drugs to treat it.

• #31 For health professionals: Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/giardia-infection/health-professionals.html

  Giardia is a parasite that occurs worldwide. The parasite is in the top 5 most common cases of infectious diarrheal diseases in Canada and can affect people of all ages. […] Giardia is the most commonly identified intestinal parasite in Canada. The Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System reported 10.42 cases of giardiasis per 100,000 people in 2015. […] Drinking untreated water is a common source of infection and can result in community-wide epidemics. […] Most people with giardiasis will have some or all of the following symptoms: gas, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting. […] Most infections resolve on their own within 1 to 2 weeks or longer. For some cases, recurrence of symptoms can occur after several days or weeks. […] More chronic infections can occur and result in malabsorption. As a result, significant weight loss may occur, as well as hypoalbuminemia and deficiencies in vitamins A, B12 and folate.

• #32 Giardiasis – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis is an infection you can get in your small intestine. It is caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. Once you have been infected with the parasite, it lives in your intestines. It is passed along through feces (poop). Anything that comes in contact with feces from an infected person or animal can become contaminated. Giardiasis is one of the main causes of diarrhea in the United States. It can be found all around the world. […] Diarrhea is the main symptom of giardiasis. Other symptoms include: Bloating, Intestinal gas, Abdominal cramps, Nausea, Loss of appetite, Low-grade fever, Weight loss and loss of body fluids. […] Some people who get giardiasis don’t become ill. But they can still spread the parasite to other people. Giardiasis may be easily spread in daycare centers or nursing homes. It is important that workers wash their hands each time after changing diapers or helping someone go to the bathroom.

• #33 Giardiasis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardiasis

  Giardiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia and G. intestinalis). Infected individuals who experience symptoms (about 10% have no symptoms) may have diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Symptoms usually begin one to three weeks after exposure and, without treatment, may last two to six weeks or longer. […] When symptoms are present, treatment is typically provided with either tinidazole or metronidazole. Infection may cause a person to become lactose intolerant, so it is recommended to temporarily avoid lactose following an infection. […] Treatment is not always necessary as the infection usually resolves on its own. However, if the illness is acute or symptoms persist and medications are needed to treat it, a nitroimidazole medication is used such as metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole or ornidazole.

• #34 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Giardia parasites can be spread through food either because food handlers with giardia infection don’t wash their hands thoroughly or because raw produce is irrigated or washed with unsafe (contaminated) water. […] You can get infected with giardia if your hands become dirty with feces parents changing a child’s diapers are especially at risk. […] Giardia infection is far more common in children than it is in adults. […] Giardia infection is rampant wherever sanitation is inadequate or water isn’t safe to drink. […] Giardia infection is almost never fatal in industrialized countries. But it can cause lingering symptoms and serious complications, especially in infants and children. […] No drug or vaccine can prevent giardia infection. But commonsense precautions can go a long way toward reducing the chances that you’ll become infected or spread the infection to others.

• #35 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Healthcare providers should consider a patient’s medical history, clinical signs, nutrition, and immune system status when treating Giardia infections. […] Diagnosing giardiasis can be difficult. Healthcare providers sometimes decide to treat patients based on appropriate history and clinical signs of giardiasis. Healthcare providers should talk with patients about their treatment options. […] Several different types of medications can treat Giardia infections. However, some of these medications may not be readily available in the United States. […] Effective medications include: Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide, Metronidazole. […] Other medications healthcare providers can use to treat Giardia infection include: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin, Quinacrine, Furazolidone. […] Dehydration due to diarrhea can be a particular risk among pregnant patients and can be life-threatening for infants. For this reason, rehydration is especially important for these groups.

• #36 For health professionals: Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/giardia-infection/health-professionals.html

  Giardia is a parasite that occurs worldwide. The parasite is in the top 5 most common cases of infectious diarrheal diseases in Canada and can affect people of all ages. […] Giardia is the most commonly identified intestinal parasite in Canada. The Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System reported 10.42 cases of giardiasis per 100,000 people in 2015. […] Drinking untreated water is a common source of infection and can result in community-wide epidemics. […] Most people with giardiasis will have some or all of the following symptoms: gas, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting. […] Most infections resolve on their own within 1 to 2 weeks or longer. For some cases, recurrence of symptoms can occur after several days or weeks. […] More chronic infections can occur and result in malabsorption. As a result, significant weight loss may occur, as well as hypoalbuminemia and deficiencies in vitamins A, B12 and folate.

• #37 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Documenting the continued presence of Giardia in patients who appear unresponsive to treatment is important. A significant number of patients develop post-Giardia lactose intolerance and present with symptoms consistent with persistent infection. These patients usually improve with time and with the institution of a lactose-free diet. […] If Giardia is found in the patient, a careful history should indicate whether this is a reinfection or a treatment failure. A second course of the same treatment, for a longer duration or a higher dose, should be effective in reinfections, whereas the use of an alternative drug should be used in true treatment failures. Quinacrine-based regimens may be considered if the medication is available. A combination therapy may be considered in certain cases of treatment failure.

• #38 Giardia Infection (Giardiasis) | Spokane Regional Health District

  https://srhd.org/health-topics/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection

  Giardia infection can cause a variety of intestinal signs or symptoms, which include: […] Giardia infection can be treated by several prescription medications. Contact your healthcare provider. […] The most common complications include: Dehydration. Often a result of severe diarrhea, dehydration occurs when the body doesn’t have enough water to carry out its normal functions. […] Failure to thrive. Chronic diarrhea from Giardia infection can lead to malnutrition and harm a child’s physical and mental development. […] Lactose intolerance. Many people with Giardia infection develop lactose intolerance the inability to properly digest milk sugar. The problem may persist long after the infection has cleared, leading to weight loss in some people.

• #39 Giardia Infection (Giardiasis) | Spokane Regional Health District

  https://srhd.org/health-topics/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection

  Giardia infection can cause a variety of intestinal signs or symptoms, which include: […] Giardia infection can be treated by several prescription medications. Contact your healthcare provider. […] The most common complications include: Dehydration. Often a result of severe diarrhea, dehydration occurs when the body doesn’t have enough water to carry out its normal functions. […] Failure to thrive. Chronic diarrhea from Giardia infection can lead to malnutrition and harm a child’s physical and mental development. […] Lactose intolerance. Many people with Giardia infection develop lactose intolerance the inability to properly digest milk sugar. The problem may persist long after the infection has cleared, leading to weight loss in some people.

• #40 Giardiasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/giardiasis

  Giardiasis can lead to complications such as weight loss and dehydration from diarrhea. […] You cant prevent giardiasis, but you can lower your risk of getting it by thoroughly washing your hands, especially if you work in places where germs spread easily, such as day care centers. […] Giardiasis infections usually last about six to eight weeks, but problems such as lactose intolerance can persist after the infection clears up.

• #41 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372790

  To help diagnose giardia infection (giardiasis), your doctor is likely to test a sample of your stool. For accuracy, you may be asked to submit several stool samples collected over a period of days. The samples are then examined in a lab for the presence of parasites. Stool tests may also be used to monitor the effectiveness of any treatment you receive. […] Children and adults who have giardia infection without symptoms usually don’t need treatment unless they’re likely to spread the parasites. Many people who do have problems often get better on their own in a few weeks. […] When signs and symptoms are severe or the infection persists, doctors usually treat giardia infection with medications such as: Metronidazole (Flagyl). Metronidazole is the most commonly used antibiotic for giardia infection. Side effects may include nausea and a metallic taste in the mouth. Don’t drink alcohol while taking this medication.

• #42 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Giardiasis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p802.html

  The diagnosis of giardiasis is usually confirmed by the presence of cysts or, less frequently, trophozoites in stool specimens stained with trichome or iron hematoxylin. In patients with persistent symptoms, a string test may be useful. Some clinicians prefer to proceed to esophagogastroduodenoscopy with duodenal aspiration and biopsy.

• #43 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372790

  To help diagnose giardia infection (giardiasis), your doctor is likely to test a sample of your stool. For accuracy, you may be asked to submit several stool samples collected over a period of days. The samples are then examined in a lab for the presence of parasites. Stool tests may also be used to monitor the effectiveness of any treatment you receive. […] Children and adults who have giardia infection without symptoms usually don’t need treatment unless they’re likely to spread the parasites. Many people who do have problems often get better on their own in a few weeks. […] When signs and symptoms are severe or the infection persists, doctors usually treat giardia infection with medications such as: Metronidazole (Flagyl). Metronidazole is the most commonly used antibiotic for giardia infection. Side effects may include nausea and a metallic taste in the mouth. Don’t drink alcohol while taking this medication.

• #44 Giardiasis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/giardiasis

  Giardiasis is a parasitic infection thats diagnosed by examining a stool sample and sometimes taking a tissue sample from the small intestine. […] Giardiasis is an infection in your small intestine. Its caused by a microscopic parasite called Giardia lamblia. […] Giardiasis also spreads through personal contact. For example, unprotected anal sex can pass the infection from one person to another. […] Changing a childs diaper or picking up the parasite while working in a day care center are also common ways to become infected. […] You may have to submit one or more stool samples for testing. A technician will check your stool sample for giardia parasites. […] Your doctor might prescribe medication if your infection is severe or prolonged. Most doctors will recommend treatment with antiparasitic drugs, rather than leaving it to clear up on its own.

• #45 Giardiasis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-overview

  The traditional basis of diagnosis is identification of Giardia intestinalis trophozoites or cysts in the stool of infected patients via a stool ova and parasite (OP) examination. Stool antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays also are available. […] Standard treatment for giardiasis consists of antibiotic therapy. Metronidazole, tinidazole, and nitazoxanide are the drugs of choice. Metronidazole is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for this condition; tinidazole is considered a first-line agent outside the United States. […] Patients and at-risk individuals should be instructed regarding appropriate hygiene methods and signs/symptoms of infection. Emphasis should be placed on measures such as careful hand washing after changing diapers. Day-care workers should use meticulous hygiene and careful hand washing to reduce spread between children and to staff. Personal hygiene education to minimize person-to-person transmission in high-risk settings such as residential institutions is helpful.

• #46 Giardiasis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/353

  Giardiasis symptoms vary from asymptomatic passage of cysts to acute self-limiting diarrhea or chronic diarrhea. It is associated with growth restriction in children. […] Diagnosis is by detection of cysts or trophozoites in a stool sample or by molecular-based detection of antigens or parasite-specific nucleic acids. […] Microscopy with direct fluorescent antibody testing is the gold standard for diagnosing giardiasis. […] Tinidazole, metronidazole, or nitazoxanide is recommended as first-line treatment. […] Transmission is via the fecal-oral route. Personal hygiene is key to prevention.

• #47 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Giardiasis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p802.html

  The diagnosis of giardiasis is usually confirmed by the presence of cysts or, less frequently, trophozoites in stool specimens stained with trichome or iron hematoxylin. In patients with persistent symptoms, a string test may be useful. Some clinicians prefer to proceed to esophagogastroduodenoscopy with duodenal aspiration and biopsy.

• #48 Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Giardiasis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/0215/p802.html

  The diagnosis of giardiasis is usually confirmed by the presence of cysts or, less frequently, trophozoites in stool specimens stained with trichome or iron hematoxylin. In patients with persistent symptoms, a string test may be useful. Some clinicians prefer to proceed to esophagogastroduodenoscopy with duodenal aspiration and biopsy.

• #49 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Healthcare providers should consider a patient’s medical history, clinical signs, nutrition, and immune system status when treating Giardia infections. […] Diagnosing giardiasis can be difficult. Healthcare providers sometimes decide to treat patients based on appropriate history and clinical signs of giardiasis. Healthcare providers should talk with patients about their treatment options. […] Several different types of medications can treat Giardia infections. However, some of these medications may not be readily available in the United States. […] Effective medications include: Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide, Metronidazole. […] Other medications healthcare providers can use to treat Giardia infection include: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin, Quinacrine, Furazolidone. […] Dehydration due to diarrhea can be a particular risk among pregnant patients and can be life-threatening for infants. For this reason, rehydration is especially important for these groups.

• #50 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #51 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372790

  To help diagnose giardia infection (giardiasis), your doctor is likely to test a sample of your stool. For accuracy, you may be asked to submit several stool samples collected over a period of days. The samples are then examined in a lab for the presence of parasites. Stool tests may also be used to monitor the effectiveness of any treatment you receive. […] Children and adults who have giardia infection without symptoms usually don’t need treatment unless they’re likely to spread the parasites. Many people who do have problems often get better on their own in a few weeks. […] When signs and symptoms are severe or the infection persists, doctors usually treat giardia infection with medications such as: Metronidazole (Flagyl). Metronidazole is the most commonly used antibiotic for giardia infection. Side effects may include nausea and a metallic taste in the mouth. Don’t drink alcohol while taking this medication.

• #52 Giardia infection – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/giardia-infection

  Giardia, or giardiasis, is a parasitic infection of the small intestine. A tiny parasite called Giardia lamblia causes it. […] If there are no symptoms or only mild symptoms, no treatment may be needed. Some infections go away on their own within a few weeks. […] Medicines may be used for: Severe symptoms or symptoms that do not go away; People who work in a daycare center or nursing home, to reduce the spread of disease. […] Workers in daycare centers or institutions should use good handwashing and hygiene techniques when moving from child to child or person to person.

• #53 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372790

  To help diagnose giardia infection (giardiasis), your doctor is likely to test a sample of your stool. For accuracy, you may be asked to submit several stool samples collected over a period of days. The samples are then examined in a lab for the presence of parasites. Stool tests may also be used to monitor the effectiveness of any treatment you receive. […] Children and adults who have giardia infection without symptoms usually don’t need treatment unless they’re likely to spread the parasites. Many people who do have problems often get better on their own in a few weeks. […] When signs and symptoms are severe or the infection persists, doctors usually treat giardia infection with medications such as: Metronidazole (Flagyl). Metronidazole is the most commonly used antibiotic for giardia infection. Side effects may include nausea and a metallic taste in the mouth. Don’t drink alcohol while taking this medication.

• #54 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  The standard treatment for giardiasis involves antibiotic therapy, with metronidazole being the first-line treatment for this condition. […] Metronidazole is safe for children, and a typical dose is 30 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg per day divided into 3 doses. It is recommended to treat children experiencing failure to thrive with acute or chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, or other GI symptoms when Giardia organisms have been identified. […] Generally, asymptomatic individuals do not require treatment, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent household transmission, especially from toddlers to pregnant women or patients with cystic fibrosis. Treatment is also recommended for patients with malabsorption associated with G intestinalis who require oral antibiotics for other infections. […] Patients and individuals at risk should receive advice on proper hygiene methods and recognize the signs of infection. Emphasis should be placed on thorough hand washing after changing diapers. Additionally, daycare workers should be meticulous about hand hygiene to reduce transmission between children and staff.

• #55 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Standard treatment for giardiasis consists of antibiotic therapy. Metronidazole (often 250 mg three times daily in adults for 5-7 days) is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for this condition. However, metronidazole use has been associated with failure rates of up to 40% in clearing parasites from the gut as well as with poor patient compliance. More recently, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has recommended considerations for tinidazole (a single 2-g dose in adults, or 50 mg/kg up to a maximum of 2000 g in children 3 years), or nitazoxanide therapy (500 mg twice daily for 3 days in adults; age-based dosing in children 1 year old). […] Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management is critical, particularly in patients with large-volume diarrheal losses. Treatment is indicated in any children with acute or chronic diarrhea who manifest a failure to thrive, malabsorption, or other gastrointestinal tract symptoms in whom the Giardia organisms have been identified.

• #56 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Healthcare providers should consider a patient’s medical history, clinical signs, nutrition, and immune system status when treating Giardia infections. […] Diagnosing giardiasis can be difficult. Healthcare providers sometimes decide to treat patients based on appropriate history and clinical signs of giardiasis. Healthcare providers should talk with patients about their treatment options. […] Several different types of medications can treat Giardia infections. However, some of these medications may not be readily available in the United States. […] Effective medications include: Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide, Metronidazole. […] Other medications healthcare providers can use to treat Giardia infection include: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin, Quinacrine, Furazolidone. […] Dehydration due to diarrhea can be a particular risk among pregnant patients and can be life-threatening for infants. For this reason, rehydration is especially important for these groups.

• #57 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Healthcare providers should consider a patient’s medical history, clinical signs, nutrition, and immune system status when treating Giardia infections. […] Diagnosing giardiasis can be difficult. Healthcare providers sometimes decide to treat patients based on appropriate history and clinical signs of giardiasis. Healthcare providers should talk with patients about their treatment options. […] Several different types of medications can treat Giardia infections. However, some of these medications may not be readily available in the United States. […] Effective medications include: Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide, Metronidazole. […] Other medications healthcare providers can use to treat Giardia infection include: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin, Quinacrine, Furazolidone. […] Dehydration due to diarrhea can be a particular risk among pregnant patients and can be life-threatening for infants. For this reason, rehydration is especially important for these groups.

• #58 Treatment of Giardiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88965/

  Giardia lamblia is both the most common intestinal parasite in the United States and a frequent cause of diarrheal illness throughout the world. […] This paper discusses each class of drugs used in treatment, along with their mechanism of action, in vitro and clinical efficacy, and side effects and contraindications. […] Recommendations are made for the preferred treatment in different clinical situations. […] The greatest clinical experience is with the nitroimidazole drugs, i.e., metronidazole, tinidazole, and ornidazole, which are highly effective. […] A 5- to 7-day course of metronidazole can be expected to cure over 90% of individuals, and a single dose of tinidazole or ornidazole will cure a similar number. […] Patients who have resistant infection can usually be cured by a prolonged course of treatment with a combination of a nitroimidazole with quinacrine.

• #59 Treatment of Giardiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88965/

  Giardiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of many diarrheal syndromes. […] Infection with G. lamblia can often be distinguished from bacterial and viral infections because of the longer duration of illness, 7 to 10 days by the time of presentation, and the presence of weight loss. […] The single-dose, short-course treatments (one high dose given daily) were designed to improve compliance without sacrificing efficacy. […] The most common side effects of metronidazole treatment include headache, vertigo, nausea, and a metallic taste in the mouth. […] The finding of therapeutic efficacy with metronidazole spurred investigators to develop and test other nitroimidazole derivatives. […] Adverse effects reported with tinidazole are not as common as with metronidazole but do include bitter taste, vertigo, and gastrointestinal upset.

• #60 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Healthcare providers should consider a patient’s medical history, clinical signs, nutrition, and immune system status when treating Giardia infections. […] Diagnosing giardiasis can be difficult. Healthcare providers sometimes decide to treat patients based on appropriate history and clinical signs of giardiasis. Healthcare providers should talk with patients about their treatment options. […] Several different types of medications can treat Giardia infections. However, some of these medications may not be readily available in the United States. […] Effective medications include: Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide, Metronidazole. […] Other medications healthcare providers can use to treat Giardia infection include: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Paromomycin, Quinacrine, Furazolidone. […] Dehydration due to diarrhea can be a particular risk among pregnant patients and can be life-threatening for infants. For this reason, rehydration is especially important for these groups.

• #61 Giardiasis (beaver fever): Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167079

  Giardiasis, or beaver fever, is a parasitic infection of the digestive system. Symptoms include severe abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, but some people have no symptoms. […] Not everyone with giardiasis has symptoms, but they can still spread the disease. […] Diarrhea can lead to dehydration. If water loss is severe, it can become serious, especially for infants. It is important to consume plenty of fluids, preferably water. […] Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a drug that is effective for treating giardiasis. A doctor will prescribe the drug and advise about dosage. […] A person who recovers without treatment may continue to have and to shed the parasite, although this does not always happen. It depends on the individuals defense immunity. […] A doctor can provide medication to treat the infection. […] Good handwashing practices can reduce the risk.

• #62 Patient education: Giardia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardia-beyond-the-basics/print

  Giardia (also called giardiasis or Giardia infection) is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a microscopic organism called Giardia lamblia. This parasite, which also goes by the names Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis, resides in the gut and can cause diarrhea and stomach discomfort (nausea, stomachache). It is one of the most common gastrointestinal parasites; it is estimated that over 300 million cases occur globally each year. […] Treatment for Giardia involves taking an antibiotic. The duration of treatment varies depending on the antibiotic given and on whether or not you have a weakened immune system. In most cases, this is enough to eliminate the infection and its symptoms. […] Special considerations for children — Antibiotics are the most important part of Giardia treatment both in children and adults, but children sometimes need additional care. Diarrhea can cause dehydration and a salt imbalance, both of which can be especially tough on children. For them, drinks containing electrolytes may be recommended to restore what is lost through diarrhea. Fluid and electrolyte replacement are discussed in detail separately.

• #63 Patient education: Giardia (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardia-beyond-the-basics

  Special considerations for children — Antibiotics are the most important part of Giardia treatment both in children and adults, but children sometimes need additional care. Diarrhea can cause dehydration and a salt imbalance, both of which can be especially tough on children. For them, drinks containing electrolytes may be recommended to restore what is lost through diarrhea. […] If you are diagnosed with Giardia infection, do not prepare food or drink for others and do not share linens, towels, or eating utensils while you have symptoms. […] The key to preventing Giardia and other infections is good hygiene. Here are some prevention tips: Wash your hands with soap and water before eating and after using the bathroom and teach children to do the same. […] Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem.

• #64 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Giardiasis, caused by the protozoa Giardia duodenalis (also called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia), is a prevalent small intestinal infection marked by symptoms such as watery diarrhea and flatulence. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment strategies for giardiasis, emphasizing the crucial role of the interprofessional healthcare team in enhancing patient care. […] Implement evidence-based guidelines for treating giardiasis, selecting appropriate medications and dosages for optimal patient outcomes. […] Communicate clearly with patients and other healthcare providers, providing detailed information about giardiasis, treatment options, and preventive measures, fostering patient understanding and cooperation. […] Most patients presenting with giardiasis are nontoxic and may necessitate only oral rehydration for initial fluid resuscitation. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids might be necessary. Proper fluid and electrolyte management is crucial, particularly in large-volume diarrheal losses.

• #65 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372790

  There are no consistently recommended medications for giardia infection in pregnancy because of the potential for harmful drug effects to the fetus. If your symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend delaying treatment until after the first trimester or longer. If treatment is necessary, discuss the best available treatment option with your doctor.

• #66 Giardia infection (giardiasis) | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/giardia-infection-giardiasis?content_id=CON-20372769

  No drug or vaccine can prevent giardia infection. But commonsense precautions can go a long way toward reducing the chances that you’ll become infected or spread the infection to others. […] To help diagnose giardia infection (giardiasis), your doctor is likely to test a sample of your stool. […] Children and adults who have giardia infection without symptoms usually don’t need treatment unless they’re likely to spread the parasites. Many people who do have problems often get better on their own in a few weeks. […] When signs and symptoms are severe or the infection persists, doctors usually treat giardia infection with medications such as: Metronidazole (Flagyl), Tinidazole (Tindamax), Nitazoxanide (Alinia). […] If your symptoms are mild, your doctor may recommend delaying treatment until after the first trimester or longer. If treatment is necessary, discuss the best available treatment option with your doctor.

• #67 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Generally, treatment is not needed for asymptomatic persons who excrete the organism, except to prevent household transmission (eg, from toddlers to pregnant women or to patients with hypogammaglobulinemia or cystic fibrosis) and to permit adequate treatment in individuals with possible Giardia intestinalis-associated antibiotic malabsorption who require oral antibiotic treatment for other infections. […] Ensure that close contacts of the patient are also examined for giardiasis and treated if infected. Severely dehydrated or malnourished patients should be admitted for further care. […] No consistent recommendations exist for the treatment of pregnant patients because of the potential adverse effects of anti-Giardia agents on the fetus. If possible, treatment should be avoided during the first trimester. Mildly symptomatic women should have treatment delayed until after delivery. If treatment is necessary, paromomycin is an effective treatment with poor systemic absorption.

• #68 Treatment of Giardiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88965/

  The management of symptomatic G. lamblia infection during pregnancy is a challenge for the clinician because no therapeutic agent combines optimal efficacy and safety. […] Paromomycin is generally considered safe because it is poorly absorbed from the intestine and excreted almost 100% unchanged in the feces. […] Treatment of all asymptomatic patients calls for careful interpretation of the clinical situation, but they may not always require therapy. […] If resistance or relapse has occurred, treatment with a drug of a different class or with a combination of a nitroimidazole and quinacrine for at least 2 weeks should eradicate infection.

• #69 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. In these cases, healthcare providers should consider the following steps before switching therapies: Determine if the patient is still infected. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #70 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Patients who fail repeated courses of treatment should be evaluated for hypogammaglobulinemia and may require combination therapy or chronic suppressive therapy. […] Infected persons and persons at risk should carefully wash their hands regularly and after any contact with feces. Careful hand washing is important, especially for caregivers of diapered infants in daycare centers, where diarrhea is common and carriers of Giardia organisms are numerous. […] Breastfeeding appears to protect infants from Giardia intestinalis infection. Breast milk contains detectable titers of secretory immunoglobulin A, which is protective for infants, especially in developing countries. A study from Egypt showed that breastfed infants had a lower incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Furthermore, infected infants who were exclusively breastfed had fewer clinical manifestations than those who were not exclusively breastfed.

• #71 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #72 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #73 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #74 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #75 Giardiasis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/giardiasis.html

  Giardiasis, a top cause of diarrhea, is an intestinal illness that can pass easily from person to person. […] Giardiasis is caused by the tiny Giardia parasite. The parasite attaches itself to the lining of the small intestines in humans, where it causes diarrhea and blocks the body’s absorption of fats and carbohydrates from digested foods. […] Doctors usually treat giardiasis with prescription medicines that kill the parasites. […] If your child has giardiasis, be sure to give all doses on schedule for as long as your doctor directs. This will help your child recover faster and will kill parasites that might infect others in your family. […] Most kids are better within a week of taking medicine to kill the parasites. Medicine also shortens the time that they’re contagious. If giardiasis isn’t treated, symptoms can last up to 6 weeks or longer.

• #76 For health professionals: Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/giardia-infection/health-professionals.html

  Giardia is a parasite that occurs worldwide. The parasite is in the top 5 most common cases of infectious diarrheal diseases in Canada and can affect people of all ages. […] Giardia is the most commonly identified intestinal parasite in Canada. The Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System reported 10.42 cases of giardiasis per 100,000 people in 2015. […] Drinking untreated water is a common source of infection and can result in community-wide epidemics. […] Most people with giardiasis will have some or all of the following symptoms: gas, diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting. […] Most infections resolve on their own within 1 to 2 weeks or longer. For some cases, recurrence of symptoms can occur after several days or weeks. […] More chronic infections can occur and result in malabsorption. As a result, significant weight loss may occur, as well as hypoalbuminemia and deficiencies in vitamins A, B12 and folate.

• #77 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #78 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #79 Giardiasis (beaver fever): Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167079

  Giardiasis, or beaver fever, is a parasitic infection of the digestive system. Symptoms include severe abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, but some people have no symptoms. […] Not everyone with giardiasis has symptoms, but they can still spread the disease. […] Diarrhea can lead to dehydration. If water loss is severe, it can become serious, especially for infants. It is important to consume plenty of fluids, preferably water. […] Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a drug that is effective for treating giardiasis. A doctor will prescribe the drug and advise about dosage. […] A person who recovers without treatment may continue to have and to shed the parasite, although this does not always happen. It depends on the individuals defense immunity. […] A doctor can provide medication to treat the infection. […] Good handwashing practices can reduce the risk.

• #80 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Giardiasis, caused by the protozoa Giardia duodenalis (also called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia), is a prevalent small intestinal infection marked by symptoms such as watery diarrhea and flatulence. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment strategies for giardiasis, emphasizing the crucial role of the interprofessional healthcare team in enhancing patient care. […] Implement evidence-based guidelines for treating giardiasis, selecting appropriate medications and dosages for optimal patient outcomes. […] Communicate clearly with patients and other healthcare providers, providing detailed information about giardiasis, treatment options, and preventive measures, fostering patient understanding and cooperation. […] Most patients presenting with giardiasis are nontoxic and may necessitate only oral rehydration for initial fluid resuscitation. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids might be necessary. Proper fluid and electrolyte management is crucial, particularly in large-volume diarrheal losses.

• #81 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #82 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #83 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Documenting the continued presence of Giardia in patients who appear unresponsive to treatment is important. A significant number of patients develop post-Giardia lactose intolerance and present with symptoms consistent with persistent infection. These patients usually improve with time and with the institution of a lactose-free diet. […] If Giardia is found in the patient, a careful history should indicate whether this is a reinfection or a treatment failure. A second course of the same treatment, for a longer duration or a higher dose, should be effective in reinfections, whereas the use of an alternative drug should be used in true treatment failures. Quinacrine-based regimens may be considered if the medication is available. A combination therapy may be considered in certain cases of treatment failure.

• #84 Giardiasis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/giardiasis.html

  Giardiasis, a top cause of diarrhea, is an intestinal illness that can pass easily from person to person. […] Giardiasis is caused by the tiny Giardia parasite. The parasite attaches itself to the lining of the small intestines in humans, where it causes diarrhea and blocks the body’s absorption of fats and carbohydrates from digested foods. […] Doctors usually treat giardiasis with prescription medicines that kill the parasites. […] If your child has giardiasis, be sure to give all doses on schedule for as long as your doctor directs. This will help your child recover faster and will kill parasites that might infect others in your family. […] Most kids are better within a week of taking medicine to kill the parasites. Medicine also shortens the time that they’re contagious. If giardiasis isn’t treated, symptoms can last up to 6 weeks or longer.

• #85 Treatment of Giardiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88965/

  Giardiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of many diarrheal syndromes. […] Infection with G. lamblia can often be distinguished from bacterial and viral infections because of the longer duration of illness, 7 to 10 days by the time of presentation, and the presence of weight loss. […] The single-dose, short-course treatments (one high dose given daily) were designed to improve compliance without sacrificing efficacy. […] The most common side effects of metronidazole treatment include headache, vertigo, nausea, and a metallic taste in the mouth. […] The finding of therapeutic efficacy with metronidazole spurred investigators to develop and test other nitroimidazole derivatives. […] Adverse effects reported with tinidazole are not as common as with metronidazole but do include bitter taste, vertigo, and gastrointestinal upset.

• #86 Giardia infection (giardiasis)

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Giardia-infection

  Giardia infection (giardiasis) is a form of gastroenteritis (gastro). […] Symptoms including diarrhoea and stomach cramps usually appear between 7 and 10 days after infection. […] Good hygiene can help stop it spreading. […] Diagnosis must be made by a medical professional. […] Consult your doctor for treatment, as prescription medications such as antibiotics are usually required. […] Avoid anti-vomiting or anti-diarrhoeal medications unless a doctor has prescribed or recommended them for you. […] Health care workers, child care workers and food handlers should not attend work until 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] To stop the spread of infection: Wash hands with soap and water after changing nappies and before preparing or handling food or drinks. […] Supervise children to make sure they wash their hands properly. […] Remember 'cook it, boil it, peel it, or leave it’.

• #87

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abr3097

  Giardiasis (say „jee-ar-DYE-uh-sus”) is an infection of the intestines caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia. The illness is also called giardia (say „jee-AR-dee-uh”). […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if your child is having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine, have your child take it as directed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think your child is having a problem with a medicine. […] Watch for and treat signs of dehydration, which means that the body has lost too much water. […] Do not give your child over-the-counter antidiarrhea or upset-stomach medicines without talking to your doctor first.

• #88 Controlling Spread of Giardiasis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/giardiasis-0

  Food handlers with giardiasis must be excluded from work until diarrhea has ceased. […] Children with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Students or staff with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Food handlers with Giardia infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone, (until 24 hours after last bout of diarrhea or until formed stools are occurring). […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g., feed patients, give mouth or denture care or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Residents with giardiasis should be placed on standard (including enteric) precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff and clients with giardiasis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #89 Giardia | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/giardia

  If you are taking care of a person with giardiasis, scrub your hands with plenty of soap and water after contact with the person’s stool (for example, after changing diapers). Promptly and carefully dispose of any material that has been contaminated with stool, and always wash your hands after such contact. […] Because giardiasis is a disease that can easily spread to other people, health care providers are required by law to report cases to the local board of health.

• #90 Giardia infection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000288.htm

  Giardia, or giardiasis, is a parasitic infection of the small intestine. A tiny parasite called Giardia lamblia causes it. […] If there are no symptoms or only mild symptoms, no treatment may be needed. Some infections go away on their own within a few weeks. […] Medicines may be used for: Severe symptoms or symptoms that do not go away; People who work in a daycare center or nursing home, to reduce the spread of disease. […] In most pregnant women, treatment should not start until after delivery. Some drugs used to treat the infection can be harmful to the unborn baby. […] Workers in daycare centers or institutions should use good handwashing and hygiene techniques when moving from child to child or person to person.

• #91 Giardia Infection (Giardiasis) in Children | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/giardia-infection-giardiasis-children

  Giardia infection (also called giardiasis) is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Giardia. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will examine them. A stool sample is requested to check for the presence of Giardia. More than one stool sample may be needed, because Giardia germs may not pass with every stool. […] The illness can last 2 to 6 weeks. […] Medicine may be prescribed by your child’s healthcare provider. This clears the infection in most cases. Your child should take all of the medicine, even if they start feeling better. […] Give your child plenty of water or a children’s electrolyte solution to drink. This helps prevent dehydration. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider right away if your child: Has severe diarrhea that lasts longer than 2 days […] To prevent your child from passing on a Giardia infection: Clean your child’s bottom well when changing diapers. Afterward, wash your hands with soap and clean, running water. Do the same for your child.

• #92 Giardiasis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/giardiasis-a-to-z

  Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by infection with the parasite Giardia lamblia, which lives in contaminated water. […] A person can remain infected with Giardia until the infection is diagnosed and treated. […] Children are three times more likely to develop giardiasis than adults. […] Treatment can also help if you don’t have symptoms because treatment can prevent the spread of infection to others. […] Commonly prescribed medications used to treat Giardia infection include tinidazole (Tindamax), nitazoxanide (Alinia), and metronidazole (Flagyl). […] If you have giardiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Wash your hands frequently if you have giardiasis or if you are caring for a person or animal with this infection. […] See your doctor if you get diarrhea, especially if this diarrhea lasts for longer than several days, produces stools that float and smell foul, or if you also have abdominal cramps, bloating and fever. […] In otherwise healthy people, giardiasis generally goes away completely within weeks, with or without treatment.

• #93 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  There are several prescription drugs available to treat Giardia. […] Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, rubbing hands together vigorously and scrubbing all surfaces: Before preparing or eating food, After using the toilet, After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet, Before and after tending to someone who is ill with diarrhea, After handling an animal or animal waste. […] Use careful and frequent hand washing to prevent spread to others in your household. […] If you have diarrhea you should stop working until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] Children with diarrhea should be kept out of child care settings until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and local health departments (LHDs) monitor giardiasis in California. If many cases are reported, CDPH and LHDs will investigate to find the cause, fix the problem, and educate the public.

• #94 Giardia Infection (Giardiasis) in Children | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/giardia-infection-giardiasis-children

  Giardia infection (also called giardiasis) is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Giardia. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will examine them. A stool sample is requested to check for the presence of Giardia. More than one stool sample may be needed, because Giardia germs may not pass with every stool. […] The illness can last 2 to 6 weeks. […] Medicine may be prescribed by your child’s healthcare provider. This clears the infection in most cases. Your child should take all of the medicine, even if they start feeling better. […] Give your child plenty of water or a children’s electrolyte solution to drink. This helps prevent dehydration. […] Call your child’s healthcare provider right away if your child: Has severe diarrhea that lasts longer than 2 days […] To prevent your child from passing on a Giardia infection: Clean your child’s bottom well when changing diapers. Afterward, wash your hands with soap and clean, running water. Do the same for your child.

• #95 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #96

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abr3097

  Have your child wash their hands often to prevent getting sick from an infected person. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: Your child has new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your child’s health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: Your child does not get better as expected.

• #97 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the toilet or changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoid drinking untreated water from shallow wells, lakes, rivers, springs, ponds and streams unless you filter it or boil it for at least 10 minutes at 158 F (70 C) first. […] Wash any raw fruits and vegetables with safe, uncontaminated water. […] If you engage in anal sex, use a condom every time.

• #98 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the toilet or changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoid drinking untreated water from shallow wells, lakes, rivers, springs, ponds and streams unless you filter it or boil it for at least 10 minutes at 158 F (70 C) first. […] Wash any raw fruits and vegetables with safe, uncontaminated water. […] If you engage in anal sex, use a condom every time.

• #99 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  There are several prescription drugs available to treat Giardia. […] Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, rubbing hands together vigorously and scrubbing all surfaces: Before preparing or eating food, After using the toilet, After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet, Before and after tending to someone who is ill with diarrhea, After handling an animal or animal waste. […] Use careful and frequent hand washing to prevent spread to others in your household. […] If you have diarrhea you should stop working until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] Children with diarrhea should be kept out of child care settings until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and local health departments (LHDs) monitor giardiasis in California. If many cases are reported, CDPH and LHDs will investigate to find the cause, fix the problem, and educate the public.

• #100 Giardia infection (giardiasis)

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Giardia-infection

  Giardia infection (giardiasis) is a form of gastroenteritis (gastro). […] Symptoms including diarrhoea and stomach cramps usually appear between 7 and 10 days after infection. […] Good hygiene can help stop it spreading. […] Diagnosis must be made by a medical professional. […] Consult your doctor for treatment, as prescription medications such as antibiotics are usually required. […] Avoid anti-vomiting or anti-diarrhoeal medications unless a doctor has prescribed or recommended them for you. […] Health care workers, child care workers and food handlers should not attend work until 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] To stop the spread of infection: Wash hands with soap and water after changing nappies and before preparing or handling food or drinks. […] Supervise children to make sure they wash their hands properly. […] Remember 'cook it, boil it, peel it, or leave it’.

• #101 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the toilet or changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoid drinking untreated water from shallow wells, lakes, rivers, springs, ponds and streams unless you filter it or boil it for at least 10 minutes at 158 F (70 C) first. […] Wash any raw fruits and vegetables with safe, uncontaminated water. […] If you engage in anal sex, use a condom every time.

• #102 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the toilet or changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoid drinking untreated water from shallow wells, lakes, rivers, springs, ponds and streams unless you filter it or boil it for at least 10 minutes at 158 F (70 C) first. […] Wash any raw fruits and vegetables with safe, uncontaminated water. […] If you engage in anal sex, use a condom every time.

• #103 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the toilet or changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoid drinking untreated water from shallow wells, lakes, rivers, springs, ponds and streams unless you filter it or boil it for at least 10 minutes at 158 F (70 C) first. […] Wash any raw fruits and vegetables with safe, uncontaminated water. […] If you engage in anal sex, use a condom every time.

• #104 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20372786

  Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after using the toilet or changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. […] Avoid drinking untreated water from shallow wells, lakes, rivers, springs, ponds and streams unless you filter it or boil it for at least 10 minutes at 158 F (70 C) first. […] Wash any raw fruits and vegetables with safe, uncontaminated water. […] If you engage in anal sex, use a condom every time.

• #105 Giardia infection (giardiasis)

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Giardia-infection

  Giardia infection (giardiasis) is a form of gastroenteritis (gastro). […] Symptoms including diarrhoea and stomach cramps usually appear between 7 and 10 days after infection. […] Good hygiene can help stop it spreading. […] Diagnosis must be made by a medical professional. […] Consult your doctor for treatment, as prescription medications such as antibiotics are usually required. […] Avoid anti-vomiting or anti-diarrhoeal medications unless a doctor has prescribed or recommended them for you. […] Health care workers, child care workers and food handlers should not attend work until 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] To stop the spread of infection: Wash hands with soap and water after changing nappies and before preparing or handling food or drinks. […] Supervise children to make sure they wash their hands properly. […] Remember 'cook it, boil it, peel it, or leave it’.

• #106 Controlling Spread of Giardiasis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/giardiasis-0

  Food handlers with giardiasis must be excluded from work until diarrhea has ceased. […] Children with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Students or staff with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Food handlers with Giardia infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone, (until 24 hours after last bout of diarrhea or until formed stools are occurring). […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g., feed patients, give mouth or denture care or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Residents with giardiasis should be placed on standard (including enteric) precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff and clients with giardiasis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #107 Giardia infection – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/giardia-infection

  Giardia, or giardiasis, is a parasitic infection of the small intestine. A tiny parasite called Giardia lamblia causes it. […] If there are no symptoms or only mild symptoms, no treatment may be needed. Some infections go away on their own within a few weeks. […] Medicines may be used for: Severe symptoms or symptoms that do not go away; People who work in a daycare center or nursing home, to reduce the spread of disease. […] Workers in daycare centers or institutions should use good handwashing and hygiene techniques when moving from child to child or person to person.

• #108 Giardia infection: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000288.htm

  Giardia, or giardiasis, is a parasitic infection of the small intestine. A tiny parasite called Giardia lamblia causes it. […] If there are no symptoms or only mild symptoms, no treatment may be needed. Some infections go away on their own within a few weeks. […] Medicines may be used for: Severe symptoms or symptoms that do not go away; People who work in a daycare center or nursing home, to reduce the spread of disease. […] In most pregnant women, treatment should not start until after delivery. Some drugs used to treat the infection can be harmful to the unborn baby. […] Workers in daycare centers or institutions should use good handwashing and hygiene techniques when moving from child to child or person to person.

• #109 Giardiasis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-overview

  The traditional basis of diagnosis is identification of Giardia intestinalis trophozoites or cysts in the stool of infected patients via a stool ova and parasite (OP) examination. Stool antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays also are available. […] Standard treatment for giardiasis consists of antibiotic therapy. Metronidazole, tinidazole, and nitazoxanide are the drugs of choice. Metronidazole is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for this condition; tinidazole is considered a first-line agent outside the United States. […] Patients and at-risk individuals should be instructed regarding appropriate hygiene methods and signs/symptoms of infection. Emphasis should be placed on measures such as careful hand washing after changing diapers. Day-care workers should use meticulous hygiene and careful hand washing to reduce spread between children and to staff. Personal hygiene education to minimize person-to-person transmission in high-risk settings such as residential institutions is helpful.

• #110 Giardiasis (Giardia) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/giardiasis-giardia

  Giardiasis is a chronic diarrhea illness caused by a parasite, Giardia lamblia. […] Health care providers will diagnose giardiasis by examination of stool under a microscope. […] Most health providers agree that persons with giardia who are ill and/or have diarrhea should receive medication. […] Exclude if there is diarrhea with illness, fever or vomiting. After diarrhea resolves the patient may return to child care. […] Notify parents and staff if a child or staff member is diagnosed with giardiasis. […] Exclude any child or adult with acute diarrhea. […] Make sure that all children and adults practice good hand washing techniques. […] In a large child care facility, the person preparing food should not change diapers. […] In a small child care facility, the child care provider should carefully wash hands after changing diapers and before handling foods. […] Wash and disinfect toys that can be put in a childs mouth after each childs use. […] Wash childrens hands before they use water play tables.

• #111 Giardiasis (Giardia) | California Childcare Health Program

  https://cchp.ucsf.edu/resources/illness-sheets/giardiasis-giardia

  Giardiasis is a chronic diarrhea illness caused by a parasite, Giardia lamblia. […] Health care providers will diagnose giardiasis by examination of stool under a microscope. […] Most health providers agree that persons with giardia who are ill and/or have diarrhea should receive medication. […] Exclude if there is diarrhea with illness, fever or vomiting. After diarrhea resolves the patient may return to child care. […] Notify parents and staff if a child or staff member is diagnosed with giardiasis. […] Exclude any child or adult with acute diarrhea. […] Make sure that all children and adults practice good hand washing techniques. […] In a large child care facility, the person preparing food should not change diapers. […] In a small child care facility, the child care provider should carefully wash hands after changing diapers and before handling foods. […] Wash and disinfect toys that can be put in a childs mouth after each childs use. […] Wash childrens hands before they use water play tables.

• #112 Controlling Spread of Giardiasis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/giardiasis-0

  Food handlers with giardiasis must be excluded from work until diarrhea has ceased. […] Children with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Students or staff with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Food handlers with Giardia infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone, (until 24 hours after last bout of diarrhea or until formed stools are occurring). […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g., feed patients, give mouth or denture care or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Residents with giardiasis should be placed on standard (including enteric) precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff and clients with giardiasis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #113 Controlling Spread of Giardiasis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/giardiasis-0

  Food handlers with giardiasis must be excluded from work until diarrhea has ceased. […] Children with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Students or staff with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Food handlers with Giardia infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone, (until 24 hours after last bout of diarrhea or until formed stools are occurring). […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g., feed patients, give mouth or denture care or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Residents with giardiasis should be placed on standard (including enteric) precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff and clients with giardiasis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #114 Giardia infection (giardiasis)

  https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/F_I/Giardia-infection

  Giardia infection (giardiasis) is a form of gastroenteritis (gastro). […] Symptoms including diarrhoea and stomach cramps usually appear between 7 and 10 days after infection. […] Good hygiene can help stop it spreading. […] Diagnosis must be made by a medical professional. […] Consult your doctor for treatment, as prescription medications such as antibiotics are usually required. […] Avoid anti-vomiting or anti-diarrhoeal medications unless a doctor has prescribed or recommended them for you. […] Health care workers, child care workers and food handlers should not attend work until 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. […] To stop the spread of infection: Wash hands with soap and water after changing nappies and before preparing or handling food or drinks. […] Supervise children to make sure they wash their hands properly. […] Remember 'cook it, boil it, peel it, or leave it’.

• #115 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Giardiasis.aspx

  There are several prescription drugs available to treat Giardia. […] Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, rubbing hands together vigorously and scrubbing all surfaces: Before preparing or eating food, After using the toilet, After changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet, Before and after tending to someone who is ill with diarrhea, After handling an animal or animal waste. […] Use careful and frequent hand washing to prevent spread to others in your household. […] If you have diarrhea you should stop working until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] Children with diarrhea should be kept out of child care settings until 48 hours after diarrhea has stopped. […] The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and local health departments (LHDs) monitor giardiasis in California. If many cases are reported, CDPH and LHDs will investigate to find the cause, fix the problem, and educate the public.

• #116 About Giardiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/giardiasis/basics.html

  Giardiasis can be treated with a number of prescription drugs including metronidazole, nitazoxanide, and tinidazole. Some infections are self-limited, and treatment is not required. Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] If you or your child test positive for Giardia and have no symptoms, treatment is generally not recommended. […] People who have symptoms of giardiasis can reduce the risk of spreading their illness to others by following these recommendations: Wash hands carefully and frequently with soap, especially after using the bathroom and changing diapers, and before handling or eating any food. […] Stay out of pools, splash pads, and lakes while sick. […] Do not attend or work at a child care or preschool until 24 hours after diarrhea stops. […] Wait to have sex until symptoms have stopped.

• #117 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #118 Giardia infection (giardiasis) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372790

  To help diagnose giardia infection (giardiasis), your doctor is likely to test a sample of your stool. For accuracy, you may be asked to submit several stool samples collected over a period of days. The samples are then examined in a lab for the presence of parasites. Stool tests may also be used to monitor the effectiveness of any treatment you receive. […] Children and adults who have giardia infection without symptoms usually don’t need treatment unless they’re likely to spread the parasites. Many people who do have problems often get better on their own in a few weeks. […] When signs and symptoms are severe or the infection persists, doctors usually treat giardia infection with medications such as: Metronidazole (Flagyl). Metronidazole is the most commonly used antibiotic for giardia infection. Side effects may include nausea and a metallic taste in the mouth. Don’t drink alcohol while taking this medication.

• #119 Giardia in Dogs: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/giardia-in-dogs

  Giardiasis is an intestinal infection in humans and animals caused by a microscopic protozoan. Giardiasis can be a significant cause of illness, especially diarrhea, in animals and people. However, most dogs infected with Giardia do not have diarrhea, vomiting, or any other signs of illness. Giardiasis can be transmitted by eating or sniffing the cysts from contaminated ground, or by drinking contaminated water. When Giardia cysts are found in the stool of a healthy adult dog without diarrhea, they are generally considered a transient, insignificant finding. However, in puppies and debilitated adult dogs, they may cause severe, watery diarrhea that may be fatal if left untreated. These microscopic parasites attach themselves to the intestinal wall, and the damage causes an acute, sudden onset of foul-smelling diarrhea. Giardia infection in dogs may lead to weight loss, chronic intermittent diarrhea, and fatty stool. The disease is not usually life-threatening unless the dog’s immune system is immature or immunocompromised. Many dogs will be asymptomatic carriers, never developing any signs of illness. The most common drugs used to kill Giardia are fenbendazole (Panacur) and metronidazole. These drugs are usually given for three to ten days to treat giardiasis. Supportive treatment with other drugs may be needed as supplemental therapy if dehydration or severe diarrhea is present. All infected pets should be re-tested two to four weeks after completion of treatment. The prognosis is good in most cases. Debilitated or geriatric animals and those with incompetent immune systems are at increased risk for complications, including death. Giardia can cause diarrhea in humans and can be passed from dogs to humans. If your dog is diagnosed with giardiasis, environmental disinfection and good personal hygiene are essential to prevent accidental spread to humans.

• #120 Giardia in Cats | VCA Animal Hospitals

  https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/giardia-in-cats

  Giardiasis can be an important cause of diarrhea in animals and humans. However, many cats are infected without developing clinical signs, or the diarrhea is treated as 'non-specific’. Giardia infections in cats are undoubtedly more common than recognized or diagnosed. […] These microscopic parasites attach themselves to the intestinal wall, and the damage causes an acute, sudden onset of foul-smelling diarrhea. Giardia infection in cats may lead to weight loss, chronic intermittent diarrhea, and fatty stool. The stool may range from soft to watery, often has a greenish tinge, and occasionally contains blood. Infected cats tend to have excess mucus in their feces. Vomiting may occur in some cases. […] Fenbendazole (Panacur) and metronidazole are the most commonly used drugs to kill Giardia. These medications can be very bitter, so they are often manufactured in a coated tablet form. […] The prognosis is good in most cases. Debilitated or geriatric animals and those with incompetent immune systems are at increased risk for complications, including death. All pets diagnosed with Giardia should be re-tested two to four weeks after completion of treatment.

• #121 Giardia Infection (Giardiasis) | Spokane Regional Health District

  https://srhd.org/health-topics/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection

  Giardia infection can cause a variety of intestinal signs or symptoms, which include: […] Giardia infection can be treated by several prescription medications. Contact your healthcare provider. […] The most common complications include: Dehydration. Often a result of severe diarrhea, dehydration occurs when the body doesn’t have enough water to carry out its normal functions. […] Failure to thrive. Chronic diarrhea from Giardia infection can lead to malnutrition and harm a child’s physical and mental development. […] Lactose intolerance. Many people with Giardia infection develop lactose intolerance the inability to properly digest milk sugar. The problem may persist long after the infection has cleared, leading to weight loss in some people.

• #122 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #123 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Documenting the continued presence of Giardia in patients who appear unresponsive to treatment is important. A significant number of patients develop post-Giardia lactose intolerance and present with symptoms consistent with persistent infection. These patients usually improve with time and with the institution of a lactose-free diet. […] If Giardia is found in the patient, a careful history should indicate whether this is a reinfection or a treatment failure. A second course of the same treatment, for a longer duration or a higher dose, should be effective in reinfections, whereas the use of an alternative drug should be used in true treatment failures. Quinacrine-based regimens may be considered if the medication is available. A combination therapy may be considered in certain cases of treatment failure.

• #124 Giardia Infection (Giardiasis) | Spokane Regional Health District

  https://srhd.org/health-topics/diseases-conditions/giardia-infection

  Giardia infection can cause a variety of intestinal signs or symptoms, which include: […] Giardia infection can be treated by several prescription medications. Contact your healthcare provider. […] The most common complications include: Dehydration. Often a result of severe diarrhea, dehydration occurs when the body doesn’t have enough water to carry out its normal functions. […] Failure to thrive. Chronic diarrhea from Giardia infection can lead to malnutrition and harm a child’s physical and mental development. […] Lactose intolerance. Many people with Giardia infection develop lactose intolerance the inability to properly digest milk sugar. The problem may persist long after the infection has cleared, leading to weight loss in some people.

• #125 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. In these cases, healthcare providers should consider the following steps before switching therapies: Determine if the patient is still infected. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #126 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. In these cases, healthcare providers should consider the following steps before switching therapies: Determine if the patient is still infected. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #127 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. In these cases, healthcare providers should consider the following steps before switching therapies: Determine if the patient is still infected. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #128 Giardia: Infection, treatment and prevention | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

  https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/giardia-infection-treatment-and-prevention

  Fenbendazole is a common deworming medication used to treat Giardia. Another treatment option is an antibiotic called metronidazole. Your veterinarian may also use the two medications in combination. […] Dogs should be fully bathed on the last day of treatment to remove fecal material and any remaining Giardia cysts in the dogs fur. […] With proper treatment, most dogs fully recover from giardiasis. […] If diarrhea continues after treatment, your veterinarian may need to recheck a stool sample to see whether your dog has been reinfected. […] Dogs may become reinfected if their surrounding environment is not properly managed. Additionally, if the Giardia is resistant to the medication used or if the medication was not dosed properly, then refractory infections may also occur.

• #129 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. In these cases, healthcare providers should consider the following steps before switching therapies: Determine if the patient is still infected. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #130 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. In these cases, healthcare providers should consider the following steps before switching therapies: Determine if the patient is still infected. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #131 Treatment of Giardiasis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC88965/

  Giardia lamblia is both the most common intestinal parasite in the United States and a frequent cause of diarrheal illness throughout the world. […] This paper discusses each class of drugs used in treatment, along with their mechanism of action, in vitro and clinical efficacy, and side effects and contraindications. […] Recommendations are made for the preferred treatment in different clinical situations. […] The greatest clinical experience is with the nitroimidazole drugs, i.e., metronidazole, tinidazole, and ornidazole, which are highly effective. […] A 5- to 7-day course of metronidazole can be expected to cure over 90% of individuals, and a single dose of tinidazole or ornidazole will cure a similar number. […] Patients who have resistant infection can usually be cured by a prolonged course of treatment with a combination of a nitroimidazole with quinacrine.

• #132 Patient Care for Giardia Infection | Giardia | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/giardia/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  People treated for giardiasis may continue to have symptoms or positive tests for Giardia. In these cases, healthcare providers should consider the following steps before switching therapies: Determine if the patient is still infected. […] If the patient tests positive, consider possible reinfection rather than treatment failure. […] Consider inadequate dosing and duration of treatment. […] Consider combination therapy using medications from different classes if Giardia is confirmed by a positive stool test, you have ruled out reinfection and inadequate dosing, and the patient still has symptoms. […] If the patient’s stool samples still remain positive for Giardia even after combination therapy, consider an underlying immunodeficiency that may be preventing the patient from clearing the infection.

• #133 Giardiasis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/176718-treatment

  Patients who fail repeated courses of treatment should be evaluated for hypogammaglobulinemia and may require combination therapy or chronic suppressive therapy. […] Infected persons and persons at risk should carefully wash their hands regularly and after any contact with feces. Careful hand washing is important, especially for caregivers of diapered infants in daycare centers, where diarrhea is common and carriers of Giardia organisms are numerous. […] Breastfeeding appears to protect infants from Giardia intestinalis infection. Breast milk contains detectable titers of secretory immunoglobulin A, which is protective for infants, especially in developing countries. A study from Egypt showed that breastfed infants had a lower incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Furthermore, infected infants who were exclusively breastfed had fewer clinical manifestations than those who were not exclusively breastfed.

• #134 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #135 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #136 Giardiasis: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.giardiasis-care-instructions.abk7138

  Talk to your doctor if you are having problems with milk and milk products. Some people with giardia have trouble digesting milk products. […] If you have diarrhea, try eating small amounts of food when you feel like eating. But you need to take frequent sips of clear fluids like rehydration drinks to avoid dehydration. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or lightheaded, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #137 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Giardiasis, caused by the protozoa Giardia duodenalis (also called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia), is a prevalent small intestinal infection marked by symptoms such as watery diarrhea and flatulence. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment strategies for giardiasis, emphasizing the crucial role of the interprofessional healthcare team in enhancing patient care. […] Implement evidence-based guidelines for treating giardiasis, selecting appropriate medications and dosages for optimal patient outcomes. […] Communicate clearly with patients and other healthcare providers, providing detailed information about giardiasis, treatment options, and preventive measures, fostering patient understanding and cooperation. […] Most patients presenting with giardiasis are nontoxic and may necessitate only oral rehydration for initial fluid resuscitation. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids might be necessary. Proper fluid and electrolyte management is crucial, particularly in large-volume diarrheal losses.

• #138 Giardiasis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/giardiasis.html

  Giardiasis, a top cause of diarrhea, is an intestinal illness that can pass easily from person to person. […] Giardiasis is caused by the tiny Giardia parasite. The parasite attaches itself to the lining of the small intestines in humans, where it causes diarrhea and blocks the body’s absorption of fats and carbohydrates from digested foods. […] Doctors usually treat giardiasis with prescription medicines that kill the parasites. […] If your child has giardiasis, be sure to give all doses on schedule for as long as your doctor directs. This will help your child recover faster and will kill parasites that might infect others in your family. […] Most kids are better within a week of taking medicine to kill the parasites. Medicine also shortens the time that they’re contagious. If giardiasis isn’t treated, symptoms can last up to 6 weeks or longer.

• #139

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abr3097

  Giardiasis (say „jee-ar-DYE-uh-sus”) is an infection of the intestines caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia. The illness is also called giardia (say „jee-AR-dee-uh”). […] Follow-up care is a key part of your child’s treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if your child is having problems. […] If your doctor prescribes medicine, have your child take it as directed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think your child is having a problem with a medicine. […] Watch for and treat signs of dehydration, which means that the body has lost too much water. […] Do not give your child over-the-counter antidiarrhea or upset-stomach medicines without talking to your doctor first.

• #140 Giardiasis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513239/

  Giardiasis, caused by the protozoa Giardia duodenalis (also called Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia), is a prevalent small intestinal infection marked by symptoms such as watery diarrhea and flatulence. This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment strategies for giardiasis, emphasizing the crucial role of the interprofessional healthcare team in enhancing patient care. […] Implement evidence-based guidelines for treating giardiasis, selecting appropriate medications and dosages for optimal patient outcomes. […] Communicate clearly with patients and other healthcare providers, providing detailed information about giardiasis, treatment options, and preventive measures, fostering patient understanding and cooperation. […] Most patients presenting with giardiasis are nontoxic and may necessitate only oral rehydration for initial fluid resuscitation. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids might be necessary. Proper fluid and electrolyte management is crucial, particularly in large-volume diarrheal losses.

• #141 Controlling Spread of Giardiasis | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/giardiasis-0

  Food handlers with giardiasis must be excluded from work until diarrhea has ceased. […] Children with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Students or staff with giardiasis who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone. […] Food handlers with Giardia infection who have diarrhea should be excluded until their diarrhea is gone, (until 24 hours after last bout of diarrhea or until formed stools are occurring). […] Staff members who give direct patient care (e.g., feed patients, give mouth or denture care or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions. […] Residents with giardiasis should be placed on standard (including enteric) precautions until their symptoms subside. […] Staff and clients with giardiasis must refrain from handling or preparing food for other residents until their diarrhea has subsided.

• #142 Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/giardiasis/

  Giardiasis Nursing Care Management: Study Guide […] Nursing management of a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Nursing assessment of a child with giardiasis include: […] Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: […] The major nursing care planning goals for patients with giardiasis are: […] Nursing interventions for a child with giardiasis include the following: […] Goals are met as evidenced by: […] Documentation in a child with giardiasis include:

• #143 Giardiasis – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/giardiasis-a-to-z

  Giardiasis is an intestinal illness caused by infection with the parasite Giardia lamblia, which lives in contaminated water. […] A person can remain infected with Giardia until the infection is diagnosed and treated. […] Children are three times more likely to develop giardiasis than adults. […] Treatment can also help if you don’t have symptoms because treatment can prevent the spread of infection to others. […] Commonly prescribed medications used to treat Giardia infection include tinidazole (Tindamax), nitazoxanide (Alinia), and metronidazole (Flagyl). […] If you have giardiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Wash your hands frequently if you have giardiasis or if you are caring for a person or animal with this infection. […] See your doctor if you get diarrhea, especially if this diarrhea lasts for longer than several days, produces stools that float and smell foul, or if you also have abdominal cramps, bloating and fever. […] In otherwise healthy people, giardiasis generally goes away completely within weeks, with or without treatment.

• #144 Giardiasis Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/giardiasis.html

  Commonly prescribed medications used to treat Giardia infection include tinidazole (Tindamax), nitazoxanide (Alinia), and metronidazole (Flagyl). […] If you have giardiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Wash your hands frequently if you have giardiasis or if you are caring for a person or animal with this infection. […] In otherwise healthy people, giardiasis generally goes away completely within weeks, with or without treatment.

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