Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective – ScienceOpen

  https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2023-0051

  Cyclospora spp. are important medical and veterinary zoonotic enteric protozoan parasites in humans and a wide range of animals. C. cayetanensis, an emerging food- and water-borne enteric pathogen, has a one-host fecal-oral transmission resulting from the ingestion of sporulated oocysts through contaminated food and/or water. C. cayetanensis is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, and the only human pathogenic species of the genus Cyclospora. The first publication on human cyclosporiasis dates back to 1979 as a case report. C. cayetanensis has gained attention in the wake of first outbreak of Cyclospora-associated diarrhoea in the US in 1990. C. cayetanensis infection is characterized by prolonged diarrhoea, malaise, nausea, cramping, and anorexia in humans. The typical watery diarrhea in cyclosporiasis may last for several weeks and even months, and it may manifest more severe symptoms in young children and immunocompromised persons. Among the high-risk groups of people contracting Cyclospora infection are those living with severe immunocompromised state like HIV/AIDS. C. cayetanensis is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen in humans, and it has been documented from at least 54 countries.

• #2 Cyclospora | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/cyclospora

  Cyclospora is a parasite (germ) that can make people sick. It is composed of one cell and is too small to be seen without a microscope. Cyclospora infection is called cyclosporiasis. […] If you think you have cyclosporiasis, you should see your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider can take a stool sample and send it to a laboratory for testing. If you have cyclospora in your stool, you may be treated with antibiotics or a combination of antibiotics. If you have diarrhea, you should rest and drink plenty of clear fluids. Do not take any medicine until asking your healthcare provider about it. People who have already had a cyclospora infection can get it again. […] Yes. In order to protect the public, foodhandlers who have cyclospora in their stool, must stay out of work until their symptoms have resolved.

• #3 Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora Infection) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora-infection/

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a small parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, an illness of the intestines. […] A doctor can prescribe an oral medicine that works for the majority of cases. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is also important for anyone experiencing diarrhea. Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last for a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Anti-diarrheal medicine may help reduce diarrhea, but a health care provider should be consulted before such medicine is taken. People who are in poor health or who have weakened immune systems may be at higher risk for severe or prolonged illness.

• #4 For health professionals: Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora/health-professionals-cyclosporiasis-cyclospora.html

  Cyclospora oocysts, when freshly passed in the stool, are not sporulated. Therefore, they are not infective. Oocysts require 7 to 15 days outside the host to develop and mature into the infective sporulated oocyst. Thus, direct fecal-oral transmission is precluded. […] When ingested, Cyclospora oocysts excyst in the gut and release sporozoites, which invade the epithelial cells of the small intestine. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the first-line treatment for cyclosporiasis, with symptom resolution usually noted 2 to 3 days into therapy. […] Health professionals in Canada play a critical role in identifying and reporting cases of cyclosporiasis.

• #5 For health professionals: Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora/health-professionals-cyclosporiasis-cyclospora.html

  Cyclospora oocysts, when freshly passed in the stool, are not sporulated. Therefore, they are not infective. Oocysts require 7 to 15 days outside the host to develop and mature into the infective sporulated oocyst. Thus, direct fecal-oral transmission is precluded. […] When ingested, Cyclospora oocysts excyst in the gut and release sporozoites, which invade the epithelial cells of the small intestine. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the first-line treatment for cyclosporiasis, with symptom resolution usually noted 2 to 3 days into therapy. […] Health professionals in Canada play a critical role in identifying and reporting cases of cyclosporiasis.

• #6

  http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/cyclospora-infection

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite that causes a diarrheal illness. Cyclosporiasis is not usually a serious illness but can persist for several weeks. […] This parasite is not usually found in BC. Most infections in BC residents occur during travel to tropical countries. However, outbreaks can occur in BC in the spring and summer from importation of contaminated produce such as fresh herbs, lettuce and berries. […] Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite that infects the small intestine. When a person gets sick from this infection it is called cyclosporiasis. Most infections are acquired during travel to countries where this parasite is endemic such as in Central and South America and Asia. However, nearly every year in the spring and summer, BC residents are affected by outbreaks of Cyclospora infection. These local outbreaks have been linked to eating contaminated, imported fresh produce, especially leafy green vegetables (e.g. lettuce), fresh herbs (e.g. basil and cilantro) and berries (e.g. raspberries and blackberries).

• #7 Cyclospora | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cyclospora

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite that is so small it can only be seen under a microscope. When people eat food or drink water thats contaminated with Cyclospora, they can get an intestinal illness called cyclosporiasis. […] Cyclospora is generally transmitted when infected feces contaminate food or water. Its unlikely to be transmitted directly from person to person because the Cyclospora parasite needs time (days to weeks) after being passed in a bowel movement to become infectious for another person. […] People living or traveling in countries where cyclosporiasis is common, including certain tropical or subtropical regions of the world, may be at increased risk for infection. However, people living in other areas can become infected with Cyclospora by consuming food or water that has been contaminated with the parasite.

• #8 Cyclosporiasis Fact Sheet

  https://health.maryland.gov/phpa/pages/cyclosporiasis.aspx

  Cyclospora is a parasite that causes diarrhea. […] Transmission can occur by eating food or drinking water contaminated with feces that contain Cyclospora. […] Symptoms appear about 1 to 14 days (usually one week) after eating contaminated food or drinking contaminated water. […] Anybody can get cyclosporiasis. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Laboratory tests are available to look for Cyclospora in stool. […] The risk of cyclosporiasis can be reduced.

• #9 Cyclospora | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cyclospora

  The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about one week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Its common to feel very tired. […] Based on current information available Cyclospora may be resistant to routine chemical disinfection methods such as those using chlorine. However, restaurants and retailers should still follow basic food safety practices: […] Retailers, restaurants, and other food service operators should always practice safe food handling and preparation measures. […] Consumers should follow these steps: […] Persons who think they might have become ill from eating potentially contaminated foods should consult their health care provider. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you have diarrhea that lasts for more than three days.

• #10 Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora Infection) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora-infection/

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a small parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, an illness of the intestines. […] A doctor can prescribe an oral medicine that works for the majority of cases. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is also important for anyone experiencing diarrhea. Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last for a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Anti-diarrheal medicine may help reduce diarrhea, but a health care provider should be consulted before such medicine is taken. People who are in poor health or who have weakened immune systems may be at higher risk for severe or prolonged illness.

• #11 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Most healthy people will eventually recover from cyclosporiasis without treatment although their illness may be prolonged. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis. […] Patients infected with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last anywhere from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). […] No highly effective alternatives have been identified yet for persons who are allergic to (or are intolerant of) TMP-SMX. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a pregnancy category C drug. TMP-SMX should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

• #12 Everything You Need to Know About Cyclospora | South Shore Health

  https://www.southshorehealth.org/wellness/blog/what-is-cyclospora-massachusetts-cyclospora-warning

  Cyclospora is the shorthand name for Cyclospora cayetanensis, which is a parasite. This parasite can contaminate food or water; if a human then ingests that food or water, it can lead to illness. The illness caused by Cyclospora is called cyclosporiasis. […] The most common symptom of cyclosporiasis is diarrhea; other symptoms can include nausea, fatigue, cramping, and flu-like symptoms. […] Fresh produce is usually the cause of cyclosporiasis outbreaks in the United States. […] Any consumers who ingested that produce without cooking it or washing it thoroughly were exposed to Cyclospora. […] While the increase in reports of cyclosporiasis may be alarming, you dont need to take drastic steps to prevent yourself from encountering Cyclospora. Instead, basic food safety rules should be enough to avoid encountering this parasite.

• #13 Cyclospora | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cyclospora

  The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about one week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Its common to feel very tired. […] Based on current information available Cyclospora may be resistant to routine chemical disinfection methods such as those using chlorine. However, restaurants and retailers should still follow basic food safety practices: […] Retailers, restaurants, and other food service operators should always practice safe food handling and preparation measures. […] Consumers should follow these steps: […] Persons who think they might have become ill from eating potentially contaminated foods should consult their health care provider. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you have diarrhea that lasts for more than three days.

• #14 CDPHE investigating Cyclospora outbreak on Western Slope | Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

  https://cdphe.colorado.gov/press-release/cdphe-investigating-cyclospora-outbreak-on-western-slope

  People who dined at Tacos del GNAR should report diarrhea, other symptoms to a health care provider. […] Anyone who dined at Tacos del GNAR since May 1, 2023, and experienced or is still experiencing symptoms such as watery diarrhea should contact a health care provider as soon as possible to get tested for Cyclospora, which is typically treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclospora infects the small intestine and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes severe, bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, body aches, headache, fever, and other flu-like symptoms. Some people who are infected with Cyclospora do not have any symptoms.

• #15 CDPHE investigating Cyclospora outbreak on Western Slope | Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

  https://cdphe.colorado.gov/press-release/cdphe-investigating-cyclospora-outbreak-on-western-slope

  People who dined at Tacos del GNAR should report diarrhea, other symptoms to a health care provider. […] Anyone who dined at Tacos del GNAR since May 1, 2023, and experienced or is still experiencing symptoms such as watery diarrhea should contact a health care provider as soon as possible to get tested for Cyclospora, which is typically treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclospora infects the small intestine and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes severe, bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, body aches, headache, fever, and other flu-like symptoms. Some people who are infected with Cyclospora do not have any symptoms.

• #16 Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/9/317

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal–oral transmission cycle. […] The disease is self-limiting in most immunocompetent patients, but it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in some cases, and may colonize extra-intestinal organs in immunocompromised patients. […] Trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of cyclosporiasis, but relapses may occur. […] The main symptoms of C. cayetanensis infection are voluminous watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, low grade fever, fatigue and weight loss. […] Although the disease is self-limiting in most of the immunocompetent patients, it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. […] Clinical illness due to C. cayetanensis in immunocompromised patients is prolonged, severe and is associated with a high rate of recurrence that can be attenuated with long-term suppressive therapy.

• #17

  https://www.wvoems.org/news/2017/aug/increase-in-reported-cases-of-cyclospora-cayetanensis-infection,-united-states,-summer-2017

  Healthcare providers should consider a diagnosis of cyclosporiasis in patients with prolonged or remitting-relapsing diarrheal illness. […] Testing for Cyclospora is not routinely done in most U.S. laboratories, even when stool is tested for parasites. […] Healthcare providers must specifically order testing for Cyclospora, whether testing is requested by ova and parasite (OP) examination, by molecular methods, or by a gastrointestinal pathogen panel test. […] Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. […] The treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). […] No effective alternative treatments have yet been identified for persons who are allergic to or cannot tolerate TMP/SMX, thus observation and symptomatic care is recommended for these patients.

• #18 Cyclospora Infection (Cyclosporiasis) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/foodborne-illness/cyclospora-infection-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite composed of one cell, too small to be seen without a microscope. This parasite causes an intestinal infection called cyclosporiasis. […] Diagnosis of cyclosporiasis requires submission of stool specimens and requires special lab tests that are not routinely done. Healthcare providers should specifically request Ova and Parasite testing with additional specific orders for Cyclospora identification if they suspect cyclosporiasis in patients that have diarrheal illness lasting more than a few days or diarrhea accompanied by severe anorexia or fatigue. […] Children with confirmed cyclosporiasis should be kept out of school or childcare until they are diarrhea and fever-free. Rules for exclusion of sick children from school and childcare are outlined in the Texas Administrative Code, specifically Rule 97.7 for schools and Rule 746.3603 for childcare. […] There is no vaccine for cyclosporiasis.

• #19 Cyclospora Infection (Cyclosporiasis) Fact Sheet

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/cyclosporiasis/fact_sheet.htm

  Cyclospora infection is diagnosed by identifying the parasite during a microscopic examination of the stool (poop) in a laboratory test. […] The recommended treatment involves a combination antibiotic called trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, also known as Bactrim, Septra, or Cotrim. People with diarrhea (loose stool/poop) should also rest and drink plenty of fluids. […] Avoid water or food that may be contaminated with feces (poop). Thoroughly wash all fresh produce, including herbs, fruits, and vegetables. When traveling to a country with poor sanitary conditions, it is important to drink water from sources you know to be safe such as sealed bottled water, boiled tap water, and carbonated (bubbly) water from sealed cans. It is also important to be aware of the foods you eat that you did not peel/wash yourself, including fresh fruit or vegetables, as they may be contaminated with Cyclospora.

• #20 Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients – A Twelve years experience from a tertiary care centre in Northern India

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9832499/

  Cyclosporiasis is an emerging enteric coccidian parasitic disease worldwide, caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. There is scanty data from India, especially among immunocompetent patients. The aim is to evaluate the occurrence of Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Oocysts of C. cayetanensis were detected in 10/900 patients and none of the healthy controls. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients (8/300, 2.67%) than the immunocompetent patients (2/600, 0.33%); P 0.001. Cyclospora causes diarrhea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. Its burden may be underestimated due to a lack of awareness and appropriate diagnostic methods. Special staining techniques are important for diagnosis as they may be missed by routine microscopy. Cyclospora cayetanensis is an opportunistic coccidian parasite causing diarrheal illness called cyclosporiasis. It causes mild-to-moderate self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent and prolonged severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals. The immunocompromised group (8 out of 10) with cyclosporiasis comprised five postrenal transplant cases and one-one case each of HIV seropositive patients, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and juvenile polyarthritis. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea (2.67%, 8 of 300 cases) than the immunocompetent group (0.33%, 2 of 600 cases) which was statistically significant (P 0.001). The common clinical presentation among the patients with cyclosporiasis infection were prolonged diarrhea (9/10, 90%), vomiting (5/10, 50%), abdominal pain (3/10, 30%), fever (3/10, 30%), loss of appetite (2/10,20%), and unintentional weight loss (5/10, 50%), but there was no significant difference in clinical features of patients with diarrhea in the immunocompromised group and immunocompetent group. In the patients with cyclosporiasis chronic diarrhea was the most common presentation (5/10, 50%) followed by persistent diarrhea (4/10, 40%) and only one child presented with acute diarrhea. Awareness must be spread among the clinicians about the occurrence of Cyclospora infection not only in immunocompromised but even in immunocompetent patients, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Its infection can be diagnosed by a simple and inexpensive method of modified acid-fast staining.

• #21 Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective – ScienceOpen

  https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2023-0051

  The diagnostic stage of Cyclospora spp. is the sporulated or non-sporulated cyst. Microscopy with an emphasis on morphology or autofluorescence of oocysts is the common method to detect C. cayetanensis. However, these methods based on parasite morphology differ in diagnostic performance with respect to specificity and sensitivity, and may lead to false-positive or -negative results. To overcome this limitation, several molecular methods, including real-time qPCR assay targeting the 70 kDa heatshock protein (HSP70) gene, 18S rDNA, SSU rRNA sequence analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and population genetic analysis based on several mini- and micro-satellites, and different molecular markers, such as single locus, mt and MLST markers, have been used to link and track the sources of contamination.

• #22

  https://www.wvoems.org/news/2017/aug/increase-in-reported-cases-of-cyclospora-cayetanensis-infection,-united-states,-summer-2017

  Healthcare providers should consider a diagnosis of cyclosporiasis in patients with prolonged or remitting-relapsing diarrheal illness. […] Testing for Cyclospora is not routinely done in most U.S. laboratories, even when stool is tested for parasites. […] Healthcare providers must specifically order testing for Cyclospora, whether testing is requested by ova and parasite (OP) examination, by molecular methods, or by a gastrointestinal pathogen panel test. […] Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. […] The treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). […] No effective alternative treatments have yet been identified for persons who are allergic to or cannot tolerate TMP/SMX, thus observation and symptomatic care is recommended for these patients.

• #23 Cyclosporiasis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/cyclosporiasis.shtml

  Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a parasite. People can become infected by consuming food or water contaminated with the parasite. People living or traveling in countries where cyclosporiasis is endemic may be at increased risk for infection. […] Treatment for cyclosporiasis is available. If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may go away and then return one or more times. It is common to feel very tired. […] Cyclosporiasis infection is diagnosed by examining stool specimens. Diagnosis can be difficult because even patients who are symptomatic might not shed enough of the parasite in their stool to be detectable by lab examinations. Identification of the parasite requires special tests that are not usually done when stool is tested for parasites. Therefore, if indicated, healthcare providers should specifically request testing for cyclosporiasis.

• #24 Cyclospora Infection (Cyclosporiasis) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/foodborne-illness/cyclospora-infection-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite composed of one cell, too small to be seen without a microscope. This parasite causes an intestinal infection called cyclosporiasis. […] Diagnosis of cyclosporiasis requires submission of stool specimens and requires special lab tests that are not routinely done. Healthcare providers should specifically request Ova and Parasite testing with additional specific orders for Cyclospora identification if they suspect cyclosporiasis in patients that have diarrheal illness lasting more than a few days or diarrhea accompanied by severe anorexia or fatigue. […] Children with confirmed cyclosporiasis should be kept out of school or childcare until they are diarrhea and fever-free. Rules for exclusion of sick children from school and childcare are outlined in the Texas Administrative Code, specifically Rule 97.7 for schools and Rule 746.3603 for childcare. […] There is no vaccine for cyclosporiasis.

• #25 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Most healthy people will eventually recover from cyclosporiasis without treatment although their illness may be prolonged. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis. […] Patients infected with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last anywhere from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). […] No highly effective alternatives have been identified yet for persons who are allergic to (or are intolerant of) TMP-SMX. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a pregnancy category C drug. TMP-SMX should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

• #26 Health Care Provider Information on Cyclosporiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cyclosporasis/hcp.html

  Reporting CyclosporiasisHealth care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Although Cyclospora is not spread directly from person-to-person, cases with diarrhea are still subject to restriction on child care/preschool attendance and food handling until they are 24 hours diarrhea free. […] If symptoms are properly managed, cyclosporiasis rarely results in hospitalization. […] Health care providers should specifically request testing for Cyclospora if indicated. […] Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), sold under the trade names Bactrim, Septra, and Cotrim, is the treatment of choice. […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg, orally, twice a day, for 7 to 10 days. […] People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] The safety of TMP-SMX in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months is generally not recommended. […] Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

• #27 Clinical Overview of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Cyclosporiasis can be treated with an antibiotic regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is: TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg (one double-strength tablet), orally, twice a day, for 7-10 days. People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy.

• #28 Clinical Overview of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Cyclosporiasis can be treated with an antibiotic regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is: TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg (one double-strength tablet), orally, twice a day, for 7-10 days. People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy.

• #29 Health Care Provider Information on Cyclosporiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cyclosporasis/hcp.html

  Reporting CyclosporiasisHealth care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Although Cyclospora is not spread directly from person-to-person, cases with diarrhea are still subject to restriction on child care/preschool attendance and food handling until they are 24 hours diarrhea free. […] If symptoms are properly managed, cyclosporiasis rarely results in hospitalization. […] Health care providers should specifically request testing for Cyclospora if indicated. […] Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), sold under the trade names Bactrim, Septra, and Cotrim, is the treatment of choice. […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg, orally, twice a day, for 7 to 10 days. […] People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] The safety of TMP-SMX in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months is generally not recommended. […] Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

• #30 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Most healthy people will eventually recover from cyclosporiasis without treatment although their illness may be prolonged. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis. […] Patients infected with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last anywhere from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). […] No highly effective alternatives have been identified yet for persons who are allergic to (or are intolerant of) TMP-SMX. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a pregnancy category C drug. TMP-SMX should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

• #31 Clinical Overview of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

  Cyclosporiasis can be treated with an antibiotic regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is: TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg (one double-strength tablet), orally, twice a day, for 7-10 days. People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy.

• #32 Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Cyclospora spp. – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/cyclospora-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html

  Cyclospora causes opportunistic infection among AIDS patients. Cyclospora infections cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps or bloating, nausea, low grade fever and weight loss. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, TMP-SMX, is the first-line treatment for cyclosporiasis, with symptom resolution noted 2-3 days into therapy. 160-800 mg of TMP-SMX should be taken twice a day for 7 days. […] Patients re-experiencing symptoms of diarrhea 7 months following infection are given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 3 times a week as a secondary prophylaxis.

• #33 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Most healthy people will eventually recover from cyclosporiasis without treatment although their illness may be prolonged. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis. […] Patients infected with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last anywhere from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). […] No highly effective alternatives have been identified yet for persons who are allergic to (or are intolerant of) TMP-SMX. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a pregnancy category C drug. TMP-SMX should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

• #34

  https://www.wvoems.org/news/2017/aug/increase-in-reported-cases-of-cyclospora-cayetanensis-infection,-united-states,-summer-2017

  Healthcare providers should consider a diagnosis of cyclosporiasis in patients with prolonged or remitting-relapsing diarrheal illness. […] Testing for Cyclospora is not routinely done in most U.S. laboratories, even when stool is tested for parasites. […] Healthcare providers must specifically order testing for Cyclospora, whether testing is requested by ova and parasite (OP) examination, by molecular methods, or by a gastrointestinal pathogen panel test. […] Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. […] The treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). […] No effective alternative treatments have yet been identified for persons who are allergic to or cannot tolerate TMP/SMX, thus observation and symptomatic care is recommended for these patients.

• #35 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Most healthy people will eventually recover from cyclosporiasis without treatment although their illness may be prolonged. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis. […] Patients infected with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last anywhere from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). […] No highly effective alternatives have been identified yet for persons who are allergic to (or are intolerant of) TMP-SMX. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a pregnancy category C drug. TMP-SMX should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

• #36 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  TMP-SMX generally is compatible with breastfeeding of healthy, full-term infants after the newborn period. However, TMP-SMX generally should be avoided by women when nursing infants who are premature, jaundiced, ill, or stressed, or who have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. […] The safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months of age generally is not recommended.

• #37 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  TMP-SMX generally is compatible with breastfeeding of healthy, full-term infants after the newborn period. However, TMP-SMX generally should be avoided by women when nursing infants who are premature, jaundiced, ill, or stressed, or who have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. […] The safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months of age generally is not recommended.

• #38 Health Care Provider Information on Cyclosporiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cyclosporasis/hcp.html

  Reporting CyclosporiasisHealth care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Although Cyclospora is not spread directly from person-to-person, cases with diarrhea are still subject to restriction on child care/preschool attendance and food handling until they are 24 hours diarrhea free. […] If symptoms are properly managed, cyclosporiasis rarely results in hospitalization. […] Health care providers should specifically request testing for Cyclospora if indicated. […] Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), sold under the trade names Bactrim, Septra, and Cotrim, is the treatment of choice. […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg, orally, twice a day, for 7 to 10 days. […] People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] The safety of TMP-SMX in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months is generally not recommended. […] Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

• #39 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #40 Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora Infection) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora-infection/

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a small parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, an illness of the intestines. […] A doctor can prescribe an oral medicine that works for the majority of cases. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is also important for anyone experiencing diarrhea. Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last for a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Anti-diarrheal medicine may help reduce diarrhea, but a health care provider should be consulted before such medicine is taken. People who are in poor health or who have weakened immune systems may be at higher risk for severe or prolonged illness.

• #41 Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora Infection) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora-infection/

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a small parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, an illness of the intestines. […] A doctor can prescribe an oral medicine that works for the majority of cases. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is also important for anyone experiencing diarrhea. Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last for a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Anti-diarrheal medicine may help reduce diarrhea, but a health care provider should be consulted before such medicine is taken. People who are in poor health or who have weakened immune systems may be at higher risk for severe or prolonged illness.

• #42 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #43 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #44 For health professionals: Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora/health-professionals-cyclosporiasis-cyclospora.html

  Cyclospora oocysts, when freshly passed in the stool, are not sporulated. Therefore, they are not infective. Oocysts require 7 to 15 days outside the host to develop and mature into the infective sporulated oocyst. Thus, direct fecal-oral transmission is precluded. […] When ingested, Cyclospora oocysts excyst in the gut and release sporozoites, which invade the epithelial cells of the small intestine. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the first-line treatment for cyclosporiasis, with symptom resolution usually noted 2 to 3 days into therapy. […] Health professionals in Canada play a critical role in identifying and reporting cases of cyclosporiasis.

• #45 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: Cyclosporiasis

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/cyclosporiasis/

  Cyclosporiasis (cy-clo-spo-ry-uh-sis) is an illness caused by a microscopic parasite, Cyclospora cayetanensis. Food or water can become contaminated with poop that contains the parasite. People can then become sick by consuming the contaminated food or water. […] Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora) is usually transmitted when someone consumes food or water that has been contaminated with feces (poop) containing the parasite. Person-to-person spread is unlikely. In the US, past foodborne outbreaks of Cyclospora have been linked to fresh produce, such as salad, snow peas, herbs, and other various fruits and vegetables. […] Symptoms can last for a few days to more than a month if not treated. If left untreated, some people may also experience a cycle of symptoms. In these cases, infected people will feel sick, then feel better for a few days, and then start to feel sick again.

• #46 Cyclosporiasis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/cyclosporiasis.shtml

  Avoiding food or water that may have been contaminated with feces is the best way to prevent cyclosporiasis. Travelers to cyclosporiasis-endemic areas should be aware that treatment of water or food by routine chemical disinfection is unlikely to kill the parasite. Follow safe fruit and vegetable handling recommendations: […] Wash hands with soap and warm water before and after handling fruits and vegetables. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water. […] Wash all fruits and vegetables under running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Scrub firm fruits and vegetables, such as melons and cucumbers, with a clean produce brush. […] Refrigerate cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables as soon as possible, or within 2 hours. Store fruits and vegetables away from raw meat, poultry, and seafood.

• #47 Cyclospora | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cyclospora

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite that is so small it can only be seen under a microscope. When people eat food or drink water thats contaminated with Cyclospora, they can get an intestinal illness called cyclosporiasis. […] Cyclospora is generally transmitted when infected feces contaminate food or water. Its unlikely to be transmitted directly from person to person because the Cyclospora parasite needs time (days to weeks) after being passed in a bowel movement to become infectious for another person. […] People living or traveling in countries where cyclosporiasis is common, including certain tropical or subtropical regions of the world, may be at increased risk for infection. However, people living in other areas can become infected with Cyclospora by consuming food or water that has been contaminated with the parasite.

• #48 Cyclosporiasis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/cyclosporiasis.shtml

  Avoiding food or water that may have been contaminated with feces is the best way to prevent cyclosporiasis. Travelers to cyclosporiasis-endemic areas should be aware that treatment of water or food by routine chemical disinfection is unlikely to kill the parasite. Follow safe fruit and vegetable handling recommendations: […] Wash hands with soap and warm water before and after handling fruits and vegetables. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water. […] Wash all fruits and vegetables under running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Scrub firm fruits and vegetables, such as melons and cucumbers, with a clean produce brush. […] Refrigerate cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables as soon as possible, or within 2 hours. Store fruits and vegetables away from raw meat, poultry, and seafood.

• #49 Cyclosporiasis | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/cyclosporiasis.htm

  Cyclosporiasis can be treated with antibiotics. Getting rest and drinking fluids are especially important if you have diarrhea. A stool sample needs to be submitted to diagnose the disease. […] People can protect themselves from getting sick by taking simple prevention steps: Wash any foods with safe water and avoid eating raw produce or undercooked foods when travelling in other countries. Drink only bottled water and avoid ice. […] At home, always follow safe food handling recommendations: Wash your hands with soap and water before preparing food. Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water.

• #50 Cyclosporiasis | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/cyclosporiasis.htm

  Cyclosporiasis can be treated with antibiotics. Getting rest and drinking fluids are especially important if you have diarrhea. A stool sample needs to be submitted to diagnose the disease. […] People can protect themselves from getting sick by taking simple prevention steps: Wash any foods with safe water and avoid eating raw produce or undercooked foods when travelling in other countries. Drink only bottled water and avoid ice. […] At home, always follow safe food handling recommendations: Wash your hands with soap and water before preparing food. Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water.

• #51 Everything You Need to Know About Cyclospora | South Shore Health

  https://www.southshorehealth.org/wellness/blog/what-is-cyclospora-massachusetts-cyclospora-warning

  Instead, its important to wash, wash, wash. […] When preparing produce, wash the fruits and vegetables thoroughly before cutting or peeling. […] If a case of cyclosporiasis is confirmed, treatment can begin. While its possible for healthy individuals to fight off a Cyclospora infection without treatment, the normal recommended treatment for cyclosporiasis is a course of Trimethoprim-sulfa (TMP-SMX), which is an antibiotic. Fluids may be given as well to help replenish those lost from diarrhea. […] your primary care provider confirming a case of cyclosporiasis can help entities like the DPH and CDC better identify the source of the contamination, preventing further illness.

• #52 Cyclosporiasis – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/cyclosporiasis.shtml

  Avoiding food or water that may have been contaminated with feces is the best way to prevent cyclosporiasis. Travelers to cyclosporiasis-endemic areas should be aware that treatment of water or food by routine chemical disinfection is unlikely to kill the parasite. Follow safe fruit and vegetable handling recommendations: […] Wash hands with soap and warm water before and after handling fruits and vegetables. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water. […] Wash all fruits and vegetables under running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Scrub firm fruits and vegetables, such as melons and cucumbers, with a clean produce brush. […] Refrigerate cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables as soon as possible, or within 2 hours. Store fruits and vegetables away from raw meat, poultry, and seafood.

• #53 Cyclospora | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/cyclospora

  Avoiding food or water that may have been contaminated with feces is the best way to prevent cyclosporiasis and other foodborne germs. Wash hands with soap and warm water before and after handling or preparing fruits and vegetables. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water between the preparation of raw meat, poultry, and seafood products and the preparation of fruits and vegetables that will not be cooked. Wash or rinse all fruits and vegetables thoroughly under clean running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Fruits and vegetables that are labeled “prewashed” do not need to be washed again at home. Scrub firm

• #54 Cyclospora | Boston.gov

  https://www.boston.gov/government/cabinets/boston-public-health-commission/infectious-diseases/infectious-diseases-z/cyclospora

  Cyclospora is a parasite that can make people sick. […] Cyclospora causes an infection called cyclosporiasis. […] Cases of cyclospora infections have come from fresh fruits and vegetables, such as raspberries and lettuce. […] Washing fruits and vegetables with water and a brush may help get rid of cyclospora. Cooking will kill the parasite. […] The most common symptom is watery diarrhea. Other symptoms include weight loss, bloating, gas, cramps, nausea, vomiting, sore muscles, and loss of appetite. […] Cyclospora infection is not spread from person to person directly. […] Wash fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly using clean, drinkable water. […] Careful hand washing prevents the spread of cyclospora and many other diseases. […] If you are taking care of someone who has diarrhea, scrub your hands with plenty of soap and water after helping them.

• #55

  http://www.bccdc.ca/about/news-stories/stories/2023/cyclospora-infections

  With 43 cases of Cyclospora infections so far this year, the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) is reminding people to take precautions to prevent gastrointestinal illness by washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly, cooking produce when possible, and being aware of risks when travelling. Cyclospora causes gastrointestinal illness with common symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and occasionally fever. Young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to have a severe illness. […] Cyclospora infection can occur due to eating contaminated, imported raw produce, especially leafy greens, fresh herbs and berries. Locally-grown produce is not known to carry Cyclospora. […] To reduce the risk of Cyclospora and other gastrointestinal infections: Wash your hands thoroughly before handling food. Wash fruits and vegetables as thoroughly as possible before eating them. Cook fruits and vegetables when possible. Do not drink untreated surface water from streams, rivers, lakes, ponds or shallow wells. […] If you are experiencing watery diarrhea or severe and ongoing symptoms, please see your health care provider. Be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration from diarrhea.

• #56 Cyclospora outbreak linked to Mexico – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cyclospora-outbreak-linked-to-mexico

  Travellers to Mexico are strongly advised to maintain a high standard of food, water and personal hygiene, even if staying in high-end resorts. […] On return from Mexico, if you have any symptoms such as those described above you should seek medical attention and tell your GP about your travel history. […] Get medical advice for any symptoms, either during your holiday or after you return. Symptoms can include diarrhoea, appetite loss, stomach cramps and pain, bloating, increased wind, weight loss, nausea or tiredness. If you are ill when you get home, remember to tell your GP about your travel history. […] It is very important to reinforce the need for travellers going to tropical or subtropical countries, including Mexico, to follow good food and water hygiene advice at all times on holiday, even if staying in high-end, all-inclusive resorts. Avoid buffets and choose recently prepared, thoroughly cooked food that is served piping hot. Avoid fresh uncooked berries or unpeeled fruit and any salad items not washed in safe water. Remember that drinks may also contain uncooked herbs, vegetables or fruit. […] Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans. Infection is acquired from food or water contaminated by the parasite. Because this organism is not infectious until approximately 10 days after they are passed in faeces, person-to-person transmission does not occur.

• #57 Cyclosporiasis | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/cyclosporiasis.htm

  Cyclosporiasis can be treated with antibiotics. Getting rest and drinking fluids are especially important if you have diarrhea. A stool sample needs to be submitted to diagnose the disease. […] People can protect themselves from getting sick by taking simple prevention steps: Wash any foods with safe water and avoid eating raw produce or undercooked foods when travelling in other countries. Drink only bottled water and avoid ice. […] At home, always follow safe food handling recommendations: Wash your hands with soap and water before preparing food. Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water.

• #58

  http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/cyclospora-infection

  Antibiotics are used to treat cyclospora infections. Your doctor will decide which treatment is right for you. People with cyclospora infections are usually advised to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration from diarrhea. […] It is important to wash fruits and vegetables as thoroughly as possible before eating them, however, washing produce will not completely remove the possibility of infection. When traveling to developing countries, avoid any fruits and vegetables that cannot be peeled or cooked. Do not drink untreated surface water from a spring, stream, river, lake, pond or shallow well. When traveling to a developing country make sure that you drink bottled water from a reputable supplier, or boil untreated surface water that is used for: drinking, making ice cubes, washing uncooked fruits and vegetables, making baby formula, brushing teeth and washing dentures. […] Wash your hands before handling food and eating.

• #59 Cyclosporiasis | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/cyclosporiasis.htm

  Cyclosporiasis can be treated with antibiotics. Getting rest and drinking fluids are especially important if you have diarrhea. A stool sample needs to be submitted to diagnose the disease. […] People can protect themselves from getting sick by taking simple prevention steps: Wash any foods with safe water and avoid eating raw produce or undercooked foods when travelling in other countries. Drink only bottled water and avoid ice. […] At home, always follow safe food handling recommendations: Wash your hands with soap and water before preparing food. Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly under running water before eating, cutting, or cooking. Wash cutting boards, dishes, utensils, and counter tops with soap and hot water.

• #60 Cyclospora outbreak linked to Mexico – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cyclospora-outbreak-linked-to-mexico

  Travellers to Mexico are strongly advised to maintain a high standard of food, water and personal hygiene, even if staying in high-end resorts. […] On return from Mexico, if you have any symptoms such as those described above you should seek medical attention and tell your GP about your travel history. […] Get medical advice for any symptoms, either during your holiday or after you return. Symptoms can include diarrhoea, appetite loss, stomach cramps and pain, bloating, increased wind, weight loss, nausea or tiredness. If you are ill when you get home, remember to tell your GP about your travel history. […] It is very important to reinforce the need for travellers going to tropical or subtropical countries, including Mexico, to follow good food and water hygiene advice at all times on holiday, even if staying in high-end, all-inclusive resorts. Avoid buffets and choose recently prepared, thoroughly cooked food that is served piping hot. Avoid fresh uncooked berries or unpeeled fruit and any salad items not washed in safe water. Remember that drinks may also contain uncooked herbs, vegetables or fruit. […] Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans. Infection is acquired from food or water contaminated by the parasite. Because this organism is not infectious until approximately 10 days after they are passed in faeces, person-to-person transmission does not occur.

• #61

  http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/cyclospora-infection

  Antibiotics are used to treat cyclospora infections. Your doctor will decide which treatment is right for you. People with cyclospora infections are usually advised to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration from diarrhea. […] It is important to wash fruits and vegetables as thoroughly as possible before eating them, however, washing produce will not completely remove the possibility of infection. When traveling to developing countries, avoid any fruits and vegetables that cannot be peeled or cooked. Do not drink untreated surface water from a spring, stream, river, lake, pond or shallow well. When traveling to a developing country make sure that you drink bottled water from a reputable supplier, or boil untreated surface water that is used for: drinking, making ice cubes, washing uncooked fruits and vegetables, making baby formula, brushing teeth and washing dentures. […] Wash your hands before handling food and eating.

• #62 Cyclospora | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/cyclospora

  Cyclospora is a parasite (germ) that can make people sick. It is composed of one cell and is too small to be seen without a microscope. Cyclospora infection is called cyclosporiasis. […] If you think you have cyclosporiasis, you should see your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider can take a stool sample and send it to a laboratory for testing. If you have cyclospora in your stool, you may be treated with antibiotics or a combination of antibiotics. If you have diarrhea, you should rest and drink plenty of clear fluids. Do not take any medicine until asking your healthcare provider about it. People who have already had a cyclospora infection can get it again. […] Yes. In order to protect the public, foodhandlers who have cyclospora in their stool, must stay out of work until their symptoms have resolved.

• #63 Cyclospora outbreak linked to Mexico – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cyclospora-outbreak-linked-to-mexico

  Travellers to Mexico are strongly advised to maintain a high standard of food, water and personal hygiene, even if staying in high-end resorts. […] On return from Mexico, if you have any symptoms such as those described above you should seek medical attention and tell your GP about your travel history. […] Get medical advice for any symptoms, either during your holiday or after you return. Symptoms can include diarrhoea, appetite loss, stomach cramps and pain, bloating, increased wind, weight loss, nausea or tiredness. If you are ill when you get home, remember to tell your GP about your travel history. […] It is very important to reinforce the need for travellers going to tropical or subtropical countries, including Mexico, to follow good food and water hygiene advice at all times on holiday, even if staying in high-end, all-inclusive resorts. Avoid buffets and choose recently prepared, thoroughly cooked food that is served piping hot. Avoid fresh uncooked berries or unpeeled fruit and any salad items not washed in safe water. Remember that drinks may also contain uncooked herbs, vegetables or fruit. […] Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans. Infection is acquired from food or water contaminated by the parasite. Because this organism is not infectious until approximately 10 days after they are passed in faeces, person-to-person transmission does not occur.

• #64 Cyclospora outbreak linked to Mexico – GOV.UK

  https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cyclospora-outbreak-linked-to-mexico

  Travellers to Mexico are strongly advised to maintain a high standard of food, water and personal hygiene, even if staying in high-end resorts. […] On return from Mexico, if you have any symptoms such as those described above you should seek medical attention and tell your GP about your travel history. […] Get medical advice for any symptoms, either during your holiday or after you return. Symptoms can include diarrhoea, appetite loss, stomach cramps and pain, bloating, increased wind, weight loss, nausea or tiredness. If you are ill when you get home, remember to tell your GP about your travel history. […] It is very important to reinforce the need for travellers going to tropical or subtropical countries, including Mexico, to follow good food and water hygiene advice at all times on holiday, even if staying in high-end, all-inclusive resorts. Avoid buffets and choose recently prepared, thoroughly cooked food that is served piping hot. Avoid fresh uncooked berries or unpeeled fruit and any salad items not washed in safe water. Remember that drinks may also contain uncooked herbs, vegetables or fruit. […] Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans. Infection is acquired from food or water contaminated by the parasite. Because this organism is not infectious until approximately 10 days after they are passed in faeces, person-to-person transmission does not occur.

• #65 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #66 Cyclospora – SeniorCare Inc.

  https://seniorcareinc.org/cyclospora/

  Cyclospora is a foodborne illness that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Cyclospora is a single cell parasite that enters the body via tainted food or water. It usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] In small children, elders, and people with compromised immune systems, Cyclospora can be dangerous because of the possibility of severe dehydration. Warning signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue, reduced production of tears, and decreased urine output. If a person with diarrhea experiences becomes dehydrated, they should be seen by a doctor as quickly as possible. […] Many conditions can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. Anyone with persistent diarrhea that lasts several days or recurs should contact their doctor to identify the cause and obtain treatment.

• #67 Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora Infection) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora-infection/

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a small parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, an illness of the intestines. […] A doctor can prescribe an oral medicine that works for the majority of cases. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is also important for anyone experiencing diarrhea. Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last for a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Anti-diarrheal medicine may help reduce diarrhea, but a health care provider should be consulted before such medicine is taken. People who are in poor health or who have weakened immune systems may be at higher risk for severe or prolonged illness.

• #68 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #69 Cyclospora – SeniorCare Inc.

  https://seniorcareinc.org/cyclospora/

  Cyclospora is a foodborne illness that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Cyclospora is a single cell parasite that enters the body via tainted food or water. It usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] In small children, elders, and people with compromised immune systems, Cyclospora can be dangerous because of the possibility of severe dehydration. Warning signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue, reduced production of tears, and decreased urine output. If a person with diarrhea experiences becomes dehydrated, they should be seen by a doctor as quickly as possible. […] Many conditions can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. Anyone with persistent diarrhea that lasts several days or recurs should contact their doctor to identify the cause and obtain treatment.

• #70 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #71 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: Cyclosporiasis

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/cyclosporiasis/

  Cyclosporiasis (cy-clo-spo-ry-uh-sis) is an illness caused by a microscopic parasite, Cyclospora cayetanensis. Food or water can become contaminated with poop that contains the parasite. People can then become sick by consuming the contaminated food or water. […] Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora) is usually transmitted when someone consumes food or water that has been contaminated with feces (poop) containing the parasite. Person-to-person spread is unlikely. In the US, past foodborne outbreaks of Cyclospora have been linked to fresh produce, such as salad, snow peas, herbs, and other various fruits and vegetables. […] Symptoms can last for a few days to more than a month if not treated. If left untreated, some people may also experience a cycle of symptoms. In these cases, infected people will feel sick, then feel better for a few days, and then start to feel sick again.

• #72

  http://www.bccdc.ca/health-info/diseases-conditions/cyclospora-infection

  Antibiotics are used to treat cyclospora infections. Your doctor will decide which treatment is right for you. People with cyclospora infections are usually advised to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration from diarrhea. […] It is important to wash fruits and vegetables as thoroughly as possible before eating them, however, washing produce will not completely remove the possibility of infection. When traveling to developing countries, avoid any fruits and vegetables that cannot be peeled or cooked. Do not drink untreated surface water from a spring, stream, river, lake, pond or shallow well. When traveling to a developing country make sure that you drink bottled water from a reputable supplier, or boil untreated surface water that is used for: drinking, making ice cubes, washing uncooked fruits and vegetables, making baby formula, brushing teeth and washing dentures. […] Wash your hands before handling food and eating.

• #73 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #74 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #75 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #76 Cyclospora | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cyclospora

  The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about one week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Its common to feel very tired. […] Based on current information available Cyclospora may be resistant to routine chemical disinfection methods such as those using chlorine. However, restaurants and retailers should still follow basic food safety practices: […] Retailers, restaurants, and other food service operators should always practice safe food handling and preparation measures. […] Consumers should follow these steps: […] Persons who think they might have become ill from eating potentially contaminated foods should consult their health care provider. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you have diarrhea that lasts for more than three days.

• #77 Cyclosporiasis – Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

  https://healthunit.org/for-professionals/health-care-dental/communicable-disease-resources/reportable-disease-toolkit/cyclosporiasis/

  The disease is not endemic in Canada; therefore, cases should be investigated as most likely associated with imported food or travel. Treatment is under the direction of the attending health care provider. […] Exclude symptomatic food handlers, health care providers, and day care staff and attendees until symptom free for 24 hours, OR symptom free for 48 hours after discontinuing use of anti-diarrheal medication. The rationale for exclusion for 48 hours after discontinuing the use of anti-diarrheal medication is to ensure that diarrhea does not return after the anti-diarrheal medication has been discontinued. In the event that antibiotics are used, the person should be excluded until symptom free for 24 hours. […] Provide education about the illness, hand hygiene, safe food handling and on preventing the spread of infection. This includes washing hands after using sanitary facilities and before handling food; washing fresh fruits and vegetables; avoiding foods from questionable sources such as roadside vendors when travelling and avoiding consumption of surface water without prior treatment.

• #78 Cyclospora Infection Treatment, Prevention & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cyclospora_infection_cyclosporiasis/article_em.htm

  The only CDC-recommended treatment is the antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra, Sulfatrim). […] Self-care at home consists of symptomatic treatment and completing oral antibiotic therapy. […] Follow-up is not usually required if treatment is effective, but follow-up for certain individuals is recommended. […] For most individuals who get appropriate treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, follow-up is not required. However, any patient who has recurrent symptoms should follow up with their treating physician. […] In general, the prognoses for treated Cyclospora infections range from good to excellent. […] Usually, the infection, even untreated, is not life-threatening, although secondary problems such as dehydration or electrolyte problems and recurring symptoms can happen.

• #79 Cyclospora – SeniorCare Inc.

  https://seniorcareinc.org/cyclospora/

  Cyclospora is a foodborne illness that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Cyclospora is a single cell parasite that enters the body via tainted food or water. It usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] In small children, elders, and people with compromised immune systems, Cyclospora can be dangerous because of the possibility of severe dehydration. Warning signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue, reduced production of tears, and decreased urine output. If a person with diarrhea experiences becomes dehydrated, they should be seen by a doctor as quickly as possible. […] Many conditions can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. Anyone with persistent diarrhea that lasts several days or recurs should contact their doctor to identify the cause and obtain treatment.

• #80 Cyclosporiasis – Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

  https://healthunit.org/for-professionals/health-care-dental/communicable-disease-resources/reportable-disease-toolkit/cyclosporiasis/

  The disease is not endemic in Canada; therefore, cases should be investigated as most likely associated with imported food or travel. Treatment is under the direction of the attending health care provider. […] Exclude symptomatic food handlers, health care providers, and day care staff and attendees until symptom free for 24 hours, OR symptom free for 48 hours after discontinuing use of anti-diarrheal medication. The rationale for exclusion for 48 hours after discontinuing the use of anti-diarrheal medication is to ensure that diarrhea does not return after the anti-diarrheal medication has been discontinued. In the event that antibiotics are used, the person should be excluded until symptom free for 24 hours. […] Provide education about the illness, hand hygiene, safe food handling and on preventing the spread of infection. This includes washing hands after using sanitary facilities and before handling food; washing fresh fruits and vegetables; avoiding foods from questionable sources such as roadside vendors when travelling and avoiding consumption of surface water without prior treatment.

• #81 Cyclospora Infection Treatment, Prevention & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cyclospora_infection_cyclosporiasis/article_em.htm

  The only CDC-recommended treatment is the antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra, Sulfatrim). […] Self-care at home consists of symptomatic treatment and completing oral antibiotic therapy. […] Follow-up is not usually required if treatment is effective, but follow-up for certain individuals is recommended. […] For most individuals who get appropriate treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, follow-up is not required. However, any patient who has recurrent symptoms should follow up with their treating physician. […] In general, the prognoses for treated Cyclospora infections range from good to excellent. […] Usually, the infection, even untreated, is not life-threatening, although secondary problems such as dehydration or electrolyte problems and recurring symptoms can happen.

• #82 Health Care Provider Information on Cyclosporiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cyclosporasis/hcp.html

  Reporting CyclosporiasisHealth care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Although Cyclospora is not spread directly from person-to-person, cases with diarrhea are still subject to restriction on child care/preschool attendance and food handling until they are 24 hours diarrhea free. […] If symptoms are properly managed, cyclosporiasis rarely results in hospitalization. […] Health care providers should specifically request testing for Cyclospora if indicated. […] Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), sold under the trade names Bactrim, Septra, and Cotrim, is the treatment of choice. […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg, orally, twice a day, for 7 to 10 days. […] People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] The safety of TMP-SMX in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months is generally not recommended. […] Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

• #83 Cyclospora | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/cyclospora

  Cyclospora is a parasite (germ) that can make people sick. It is composed of one cell and is too small to be seen without a microscope. Cyclospora infection is called cyclosporiasis. […] If you think you have cyclosporiasis, you should see your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider can take a stool sample and send it to a laboratory for testing. If you have cyclospora in your stool, you may be treated with antibiotics or a combination of antibiotics. If you have diarrhea, you should rest and drink plenty of clear fluids. Do not take any medicine until asking your healthcare provider about it. People who have already had a cyclospora infection can get it again. […] Yes. In order to protect the public, foodhandlers who have cyclospora in their stool, must stay out of work until their symptoms have resolved.

• #84 Cyclospora | Boston.gov

  https://www.boston.gov/government/cabinets/boston-public-health-commission/infectious-diseases/infectious-diseases-z/cyclospora

  There are no special restrictions for people diagnosed with cyclospora infection. […] To protect the public, people who have diarrhea who work in food-related jobs must stay out of work until they are completely well. […] If you think you might have cyclospora, you should see a health care provider. […] If you have cyclospora, your doctor will treat you with antibiotics.

• #85 Cyclospora Infection (Cyclosporiasis) | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/foodborne-illness/cyclospora-infection-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite composed of one cell, too small to be seen without a microscope. This parasite causes an intestinal infection called cyclosporiasis. […] Diagnosis of cyclosporiasis requires submission of stool specimens and requires special lab tests that are not routinely done. Healthcare providers should specifically request Ova and Parasite testing with additional specific orders for Cyclospora identification if they suspect cyclosporiasis in patients that have diarrheal illness lasting more than a few days or diarrhea accompanied by severe anorexia or fatigue. […] Children with confirmed cyclosporiasis should be kept out of school or childcare until they are diarrhea and fever-free. Rules for exclusion of sick children from school and childcare are outlined in the Texas Administrative Code, specifically Rule 97.7 for schools and Rule 746.3603 for childcare. […] There is no vaccine for cyclosporiasis.

• #86 EEIP RIDRM Cyclosporiasis

  https://portal.ct.gov/DPH/Epidemiology-and-Emerging-Infections/EEIP-RIDRM-Cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is a diarrheal illness caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. Other symptoms can include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps and other intestinal symptoms. Common flu-like illness may also be present. […] If the case is in a high-risk occupation or setting, the LHD will implement control measures. […] The DPH, through FoodNet/FoodCORE, will interview all cases. Interviews include food and travel histories in an attempt to identify a source of infection and to identify individuals in high-risk occupations or settings (food handler, health care worker with direct patient contact, day care settings). […] Individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection should be excluded from direct care of patients until they are asymptomatic. Proper hand hygiene should be stressed.

• #87 EEIP RIDRM Cyclosporiasis

  https://portal.ct.gov/DPH/Epidemiology-and-Emerging-Infections/EEIP-RIDRM-Cyclosporiasis

  Children or staff with laboratory-confirmed infections should be excluded until no longer symptomatic. Improved sanitation and personal hygiene should be emphasized. Proper hand hygiene by staff and children should be stressed, especially after using the toilet or handling soiled diapers. […] Household contacts with diarrhea should be evaluated and tested for cyclosporiasis and excluded from food handling and the care of children and/or patients until asymptomatic. Proper hand washing should be stressed.

• #88 Health Care Provider Information on Cyclosporiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cyclosporasis/hcp.html

  Reporting CyclosporiasisHealth care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Although Cyclospora is not spread directly from person-to-person, cases with diarrhea are still subject to restriction on child care/preschool attendance and food handling until they are 24 hours diarrhea free. […] If symptoms are properly managed, cyclosporiasis rarely results in hospitalization. […] Health care providers should specifically request testing for Cyclospora if indicated. […] Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), sold under the trade names Bactrim, Septra, and Cotrim, is the treatment of choice. […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg, orally, twice a day, for 7 to 10 days. […] People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] The safety of TMP-SMX in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months is generally not recommended. […] Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

• #89 Breaking News | Logan County Department of Public Health

  https://www.lcdph.org/breaking-news

  The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) continues to investigate an increase in Cyclosporiasis infections since May 2018. […] Health care providers should consider and test for Cyclospora when seeing a patient with prolonged unexplained diarrhea. […] Most cases are adults, and 7.5 % of cases have required hospitalization. […] Cyclospora can cause water diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal cramps, bloating, increase in gas and prolonged fatigue. […] However, there is an effective antibiotic, and clinicians should consider treatment of confirmed cases based on clinical status. […] Cyclospora infection is diagnosed by examining stool specimens, or with the use of culture-independent diagnostic tests on stool specimens. […] Avoind food or water that may have been contaminated with feces is the best way to prevent cyclosporiasis. […] IDPH, along with Local Health Departments, continues to investigate cases through extensive case interviews, identifying potential new outbreaks, and work with federal partners to identify new sources of exposure.

• #90 Cyclospora – SeniorCare Inc.

  https://seniorcareinc.org/cyclospora/

  Cyclospora is a foodborne illness that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Cyclospora is a single cell parasite that enters the body via tainted food or water. It usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] In small children, elders, and people with compromised immune systems, Cyclospora can be dangerous because of the possibility of severe dehydration. Warning signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue, reduced production of tears, and decreased urine output. If a person with diarrhea experiences becomes dehydrated, they should be seen by a doctor as quickly as possible. […] Many conditions can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. Anyone with persistent diarrhea that lasts several days or recurs should contact their doctor to identify the cause and obtain treatment.

• #91 Cyclospora Infection Treatment, Prevention & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cyclospora_infection_cyclosporiasis/article_em.htm

  The only CDC-recommended treatment is the antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra, Sulfatrim). […] Self-care at home consists of symptomatic treatment and completing oral antibiotic therapy. […] Follow-up is not usually required if treatment is effective, but follow-up for certain individuals is recommended. […] For most individuals who get appropriate treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, follow-up is not required. However, any patient who has recurrent symptoms should follow up with their treating physician. […] In general, the prognoses for treated Cyclospora infections range from good to excellent. […] Usually, the infection, even untreated, is not life-threatening, although secondary problems such as dehydration or electrolyte problems and recurring symptoms can happen.

• #92 Cyclospora | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cyclospora

  The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about one week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Its common to feel very tired. […] Based on current information available Cyclospora may be resistant to routine chemical disinfection methods such as those using chlorine. However, restaurants and retailers should still follow basic food safety practices: […] Retailers, restaurants, and other food service operators should always practice safe food handling and preparation measures. […] Consumers should follow these steps: […] Persons who think they might have become ill from eating potentially contaminated foods should consult their health care provider. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you have diarrhea that lasts for more than three days.

• #93 Cyclosporiasis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17957-cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. […] Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics. Your provider may also prescribe oral or IV hydration or antidiarrheal medications. […] Your provider may use some or all of these treatments for cyclosporiasis: Antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a combination of two antibiotics thats most effective in treating Cyclospora infections. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, avoid eating or drinking anything that makes diarrhea and dehydration worse, like alcohol and caffeine. […] The best way to manage the symptoms of cyclosporiasis is to make sure youre staying hydrated and getting enough nutrition. […] Taking care of yourself with cyclosporiasis includes staying hydrated and trying to get whatever nutrition you can. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening complications. […] If you have cyclosporiasis, be sure to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If youre having trouble keeping food or fluids down, dont hesitate to seek medical attention.

• #94 Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/9/317

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal–oral transmission cycle. […] The disease is self-limiting in most immunocompetent patients, but it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in some cases, and may colonize extra-intestinal organs in immunocompromised patients. […] Trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of cyclosporiasis, but relapses may occur. […] The main symptoms of C. cayetanensis infection are voluminous watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, low grade fever, fatigue and weight loss. […] Although the disease is self-limiting in most of the immunocompetent patients, it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. […] Clinical illness due to C. cayetanensis in immunocompromised patients is prolonged, severe and is associated with a high rate of recurrence that can be attenuated with long-term suppressive therapy.

• #95 Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/9/317

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal–oral transmission cycle. […] The disease is self-limiting in most immunocompetent patients, but it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in some cases, and may colonize extra-intestinal organs in immunocompromised patients. […] Trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of cyclosporiasis, but relapses may occur. […] The main symptoms of C. cayetanensis infection are voluminous watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, low grade fever, fatigue and weight loss. […] Although the disease is self-limiting in most of the immunocompetent patients, it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. […] Clinical illness due to C. cayetanensis in immunocompromised patients is prolonged, severe and is associated with a high rate of recurrence that can be attenuated with long-term suppressive therapy.

• #96 Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/9/317

  The average duration of diarrhea for HIV-infected patients is longer than that for HIV-negative patients (199 days vs. 57.2 days). […] Infections of C. cayetanensis could be prevented by improved personal hygiene and sanitary conditions to eliminate possible fecal–oral transmission from contaminated food, water, and possible environmental samples in endemic areas. […] Infection could also be prevented by avoiding consumption of raw fresh produce, particularly in endemic areas. […] There is no vaccine to protect humans against this coccidian infection.

• #97 Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients – A Twelve years experience from a tertiary care centre in Northern India

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9832499/

  Cyclosporiasis is an emerging enteric coccidian parasitic disease worldwide, caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. There is scanty data from India, especially among immunocompetent patients. The aim is to evaluate the occurrence of Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Oocysts of C. cayetanensis were detected in 10/900 patients and none of the healthy controls. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients (8/300, 2.67%) than the immunocompetent patients (2/600, 0.33%); P 0.001. Cyclospora causes diarrhea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. Its burden may be underestimated due to a lack of awareness and appropriate diagnostic methods. Special staining techniques are important for diagnosis as they may be missed by routine microscopy. Cyclospora cayetanensis is an opportunistic coccidian parasite causing diarrheal illness called cyclosporiasis. It causes mild-to-moderate self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent and prolonged severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals. The immunocompromised group (8 out of 10) with cyclosporiasis comprised five postrenal transplant cases and one-one case each of HIV seropositive patients, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and juvenile polyarthritis. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea (2.67%, 8 of 300 cases) than the immunocompetent group (0.33%, 2 of 600 cases) which was statistically significant (P 0.001). The common clinical presentation among the patients with cyclosporiasis infection were prolonged diarrhea (9/10, 90%), vomiting (5/10, 50%), abdominal pain (3/10, 30%), fever (3/10, 30%), loss of appetite (2/10,20%), and unintentional weight loss (5/10, 50%), but there was no significant difference in clinical features of patients with diarrhea in the immunocompromised group and immunocompetent group. In the patients with cyclosporiasis chronic diarrhea was the most common presentation (5/10, 50%) followed by persistent diarrhea (4/10, 40%) and only one child presented with acute diarrhea. Awareness must be spread among the clinicians about the occurrence of Cyclospora infection not only in immunocompromised but even in immunocompetent patients, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Its infection can be diagnosed by a simple and inexpensive method of modified acid-fast staining.

• #98 Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients – A Twelve years experience from a tertiary care centre in Northern India

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9832499/

  Cyclosporiasis is an emerging enteric coccidian parasitic disease worldwide, caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. There is scanty data from India, especially among immunocompetent patients. The aim is to evaluate the occurrence of Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Oocysts of C. cayetanensis were detected in 10/900 patients and none of the healthy controls. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients (8/300, 2.67%) than the immunocompetent patients (2/600, 0.33%); P 0.001. Cyclospora causes diarrhea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. Its burden may be underestimated due to a lack of awareness and appropriate diagnostic methods. Special staining techniques are important for diagnosis as they may be missed by routine microscopy. Cyclospora cayetanensis is an opportunistic coccidian parasite causing diarrheal illness called cyclosporiasis. It causes mild-to-moderate self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent and prolonged severe diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals. The immunocompromised group (8 out of 10) with cyclosporiasis comprised five postrenal transplant cases and one-one case each of HIV seropositive patients, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and juvenile polyarthritis. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea (2.67%, 8 of 300 cases) than the immunocompetent group (0.33%, 2 of 600 cases) which was statistically significant (P 0.001). The common clinical presentation among the patients with cyclosporiasis infection were prolonged diarrhea (9/10, 90%), vomiting (5/10, 50%), abdominal pain (3/10, 30%), fever (3/10, 30%), loss of appetite (2/10,20%), and unintentional weight loss (5/10, 50%), but there was no significant difference in clinical features of patients with diarrhea in the immunocompromised group and immunocompetent group. In the patients with cyclosporiasis chronic diarrhea was the most common presentation (5/10, 50%) followed by persistent diarrhea (4/10, 40%) and only one child presented with acute diarrhea. Awareness must be spread among the clinicians about the occurrence of Cyclospora infection not only in immunocompromised but even in immunocompetent patients, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Its infection can be diagnosed by a simple and inexpensive method of modified acid-fast staining.

• #99 Cyclospora – SeniorCare Inc.

  https://seniorcareinc.org/cyclospora/

  Cyclospora is a foodborne illness that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Cyclospora is a single cell parasite that enters the body via tainted food or water. It usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] In small children, elders, and people with compromised immune systems, Cyclospora can be dangerous because of the possibility of severe dehydration. Warning signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue, reduced production of tears, and decreased urine output. If a person with diarrhea experiences becomes dehydrated, they should be seen by a doctor as quickly as possible. […] Many conditions can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. Anyone with persistent diarrhea that lasts several days or recurs should contact their doctor to identify the cause and obtain treatment.

• #100

  http://www.bccdc.ca/about/news-stories/stories/2023/cyclospora-infections

  With 43 cases of Cyclospora infections so far this year, the BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) is reminding people to take precautions to prevent gastrointestinal illness by washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly, cooking produce when possible, and being aware of risks when travelling. Cyclospora causes gastrointestinal illness with common symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and occasionally fever. Young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to have a severe illness. […] Cyclospora infection can occur due to eating contaminated, imported raw produce, especially leafy greens, fresh herbs and berries. Locally-grown produce is not known to carry Cyclospora. […] To reduce the risk of Cyclospora and other gastrointestinal infections: Wash your hands thoroughly before handling food. Wash fruits and vegetables as thoroughly as possible before eating them. Cook fruits and vegetables when possible. Do not drink untreated surface water from streams, rivers, lakes, ponds or shallow wells. […] If you are experiencing watery diarrhea or severe and ongoing symptoms, please see your health care provider. Be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration from diarrhea.

• #101 Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/9/317

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal–oral transmission cycle. […] The disease is self-limiting in most immunocompetent patients, but it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in some cases, and may colonize extra-intestinal organs in immunocompromised patients. […] Trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of cyclosporiasis, but relapses may occur. […] The main symptoms of C. cayetanensis infection are voluminous watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, low grade fever, fatigue and weight loss. […] Although the disease is self-limiting in most of the immunocompetent patients, it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. […] Clinical illness due to C. cayetanensis in immunocompromised patients is prolonged, severe and is associated with a high rate of recurrence that can be attenuated with long-term suppressive therapy.

• #102 Cyclospora and Cyclosporiasis: The Nepalese Perspective – ScienceOpen

  https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2023-0051

  Cyclospora were identified in HIV-infected patients (1.8% [14/745]); however, Cyclospora was only detected among the HIV patients with CD4 T-cell counts < 200/μL. Combined colonization of Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium is also a common occurrence. Co-infections of Cyclospora with other enteric protozoan and helminth parasites have been reported in HIV immunocompromised patients in Nepal. Cyclospora infections have been reported in all types of populations, regardless the age. In endemic regions, like Nepal, young children are more frequently infected with Cyclospora. In Nepal, several instances have been recorded with C. cayetanensis being more prevalent among children < 15 years of age, however, at varying proportions. Gender has not been shown to have a significant influence on the prevalence of Cyclospora infections in various regions. Based on this review, there was not a significant difference in the prevalence of C. cayetanensis infections between males and females.

• #103 For health professionals: Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora/health-professionals-cyclosporiasis-cyclospora.html

  Cyclospora oocysts, when freshly passed in the stool, are not sporulated. Therefore, they are not infective. Oocysts require 7 to 15 days outside the host to develop and mature into the infective sporulated oocyst. Thus, direct fecal-oral transmission is precluded. […] When ingested, Cyclospora oocysts excyst in the gut and release sporozoites, which invade the epithelial cells of the small intestine. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the first-line treatment for cyclosporiasis, with symptom resolution usually noted 2 to 3 days into therapy. […] Health professionals in Canada play a critical role in identifying and reporting cases of cyclosporiasis.

• #104 Cyclospora on Rise in Texas; Testing, Reporting Key to Finding Source – Driscoll Health PlanDriscoll Health Plan on FacebookDriscoll Health Plan on InstagramDriscoll Health Plan on TwitterDriscoll Health Plan on YouTubesearchchevron-rightchevron-upphonesq

  https://driscollhealthplan.com/cyclospora-on-the-rise-in-texas-testing-reporting-key-to-finding-source/

  A spike in illnesses caused by the parasite Cyclospora in June and July is prompting the Texas Department of State Health Services to ask health care providers to be on guard for the illness, pursue testing, and report cases to their local health department. […] People with symptoms that could be related to Cyclospora should contact their health care provider for treatment. […] A health advisory issued today asks providers to test patients who have diarrhea lasting more than a few days or diarrhea accompanied by severe loss of appetite or fatigue. […] Health care providers should promptly report cases so that public health can investigate them and attempt to determine the source in order to head off future cases.

• #105 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Cyclosporiasis.aspx

  Cyclosporiasis (sigh-clo-spore-EYE-uh-sis) is a diarrheal disease caused by an intestinal infection with the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. […] Cyclospora parasites are passed in the feces of infected people. Other people become infected by eating food or drinking water contaminated with the feces from an infected person. […] Symptoms of cyclosporiasis usually begin one to two weeks after being infected. The symptoms may include: […] Cyclosporiasis can be treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic that is effective against Cyclospora parasites. Diarrhea can cause dehydration so it is important to drink plenty of fluids. […] The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and local health departments monitor cases of cyclosporiasis in California. Health care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases of cyclosporiasis to their local health department. If many cases occur at the same time, it may suggest an outbreak requiring a public health investigation. CDPH can assist local health departments to investigate outbreaks of illness, find and control the source(s) of contamination, and provide education. […] You can get more information on cyclosporiasis from your healthcare provider, your local health department, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cyclosporiasis website.

• #106 Breaking News | Logan County Department of Public Health

  https://www.lcdph.org/breaking-news

  The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) continues to investigate an increase in Cyclosporiasis infections since May 2018. […] Health care providers should consider and test for Cyclospora when seeing a patient with prolonged unexplained diarrhea. […] Most cases are adults, and 7.5 % of cases have required hospitalization. […] Cyclospora can cause water diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal cramps, bloating, increase in gas and prolonged fatigue. […] However, there is an effective antibiotic, and clinicians should consider treatment of confirmed cases based on clinical status. […] Cyclospora infection is diagnosed by examining stool specimens, or with the use of culture-independent diagnostic tests on stool specimens. […] Avoind food or water that may have been contaminated with feces is the best way to prevent cyclosporiasis. […] IDPH, along with Local Health Departments, continues to investigate cases through extensive case interviews, identifying potential new outbreaks, and work with federal partners to identify new sources of exposure.

• #107 Evaluating Foodborne Cyclosporiasis Using Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network and Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System Data, 2015–2019 in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume 112 Issue 2 (2025)

  https://ajtmh.org/doi/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0208

  Cyclosporiasis has been a nationally notifiable disease in the United States since 1999, and cases have increased in recent years. […] These findings show the need for continued investment in Cyclospora research, including identifying populations that are underrepresented, or at higher risk for cyclosporiasis, and improved understanding of national sources and pathways of infection.

• #108 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: Cyclosporiasis

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/cyclosporiasis/

  Health care providers may have to specifically request testing for Cyclospora. […] A combination of antibiotics containing sulfa are used to treat Cyclospora when needed. Contact your doctor to discuss treatment options. It is recommended that patients drink plenty of fluids to manage diarrhea and prevent dehydration. […] Be sure to speak to a doctor if you believe you have Cyclospora. If you test positive for Cyclospora, your local or state public health department will be reaching out for an interview. The information you provide is extremely valuable to possibly finding what made you sick and preventing others from getting sick. The following groups of people should not return to work or school until approved by the local health department: […] If any of these apply to you, then you must meet certain requirements to return to work or school. Once you or your child start having symptoms of the illness, such as diarrhea, do not attend work (specifically for food handlers, healthcare workers, daycare workers) or attend daycare or school until a healthcare provider or someone from your local health department says you are clear to go back. This will help prevent the spread of Cyclospora and keep others from getting sick.

• #109 Everything You Need to Know About Cyclospora | South Shore Health

  https://www.southshorehealth.org/wellness/blog/what-is-cyclospora-massachusetts-cyclospora-warning

  Instead, its important to wash, wash, wash. […] When preparing produce, wash the fruits and vegetables thoroughly before cutting or peeling. […] If a case of cyclosporiasis is confirmed, treatment can begin. While its possible for healthy individuals to fight off a Cyclospora infection without treatment, the normal recommended treatment for cyclosporiasis is a course of Trimethoprim-sulfa (TMP-SMX), which is an antibiotic. Fluids may be given as well to help replenish those lost from diarrhea. […] your primary care provider confirming a case of cyclosporiasis can help entities like the DPH and CDC better identify the source of the contamination, preventing further illness.

• #110 Cyclospora Infection Treatment, Prevention & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cyclospora_infection_cyclosporiasis/article_em.htm

  The only CDC-recommended treatment is the antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra, Sulfatrim). […] Self-care at home consists of symptomatic treatment and completing oral antibiotic therapy. […] Follow-up is not usually required if treatment is effective, but follow-up for certain individuals is recommended. […] For most individuals who get appropriate treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, follow-up is not required. However, any patient who has recurrent symptoms should follow up with their treating physician. […] In general, the prognoses for treated Cyclospora infections range from good to excellent. […] Usually, the infection, even untreated, is not life-threatening, although secondary problems such as dehydration or electrolyte problems and recurring symptoms can happen.

• #111 Clinical Care of Cyclosporiasis | Cyclosporiasis | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html

  Most healthy people will eventually recover from cyclosporiasis without treatment although their illness may be prolonged. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis. […] Patients infected with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last anywhere from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). […] No highly effective alternatives have been identified yet for persons who are allergic to (or are intolerant of) TMP-SMX. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a pregnancy category C drug. TMP-SMX should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

• #112 Cyclospora – SeniorCare Inc.

  https://seniorcareinc.org/cyclospora/

  Cyclospora is a foodborne illness that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Cyclospora is a single cell parasite that enters the body via tainted food or water. It usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] In small children, elders, and people with compromised immune systems, Cyclospora can be dangerous because of the possibility of severe dehydration. Warning signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and tongue, reduced production of tears, and decreased urine output. If a person with diarrhea experiences becomes dehydrated, they should be seen by a doctor as quickly as possible. […] Many conditions can cause diarrhea and other gastrointestinal signs and symptoms. Anyone with persistent diarrhea that lasts several days or recurs should contact their doctor to identify the cause and obtain treatment.

• #113 Cyclospora Infection Treatment, Prevention & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cyclospora_infection_cyclosporiasis/article_em.htm

  The only CDC-recommended treatment is the antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra, Sulfatrim). […] Self-care at home consists of symptomatic treatment and completing oral antibiotic therapy. […] Follow-up is not usually required if treatment is effective, but follow-up for certain individuals is recommended. […] For most individuals who get appropriate treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, follow-up is not required. However, any patient who has recurrent symptoms should follow up with their treating physician. […] In general, the prognoses for treated Cyclospora infections range from good to excellent. […] Usually, the infection, even untreated, is not life-threatening, although secondary problems such as dehydration or electrolyte problems and recurring symptoms can happen.

• #114 Cyclospora | FDA

  https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborne-pathogens/cyclospora

  The time between becoming infected and becoming sick is usually about one week. Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, with frequent, sometimes explosive, bowel movements. Other common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach cramps/pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and fatigue. […] If not treated, the illness may last from a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Its common to feel very tired. […] Based on current information available Cyclospora may be resistant to routine chemical disinfection methods such as those using chlorine. However, restaurants and retailers should still follow basic food safety practices: […] Retailers, restaurants, and other food service operators should always practice safe food handling and preparation measures. […] Consumers should follow these steps: […] Persons who think they might have become ill from eating potentially contaminated foods should consult their health care provider. […] Contact your healthcare provider if you have diarrhea that lasts for more than three days.

• #115 What the Public should know during a Cyclospora Outbreak | Food Poison JournalLexBlog Logo

  https://www.foodpoisonjournal.com/food-poisoning-information/what-the-public-should-know-during-a-cyclospora-outbreak/

  Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, low-grade fever, and fatigue. […] The recommended treatment for infection with Cyclospora is a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, also known as Bactrim, Septra, or Cotrim. […] Cyclospora has been associated with a variety of chronic complications such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, reactive arthritis or Reiter’s syndrome, biliary disease, and acalculous cholecystitis. […] Avoiding water or food that may be contaminated is advisable when traveling.

• #116 What the Public should know during a Cyclospora Outbreak | Food Poison JournalLexBlog Logo

  https://www.foodpoisonjournal.com/food-poisoning-information/what-the-public-should-know-during-a-cyclospora-outbreak/

  Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, low-grade fever, and fatigue. […] The recommended treatment for infection with Cyclospora is a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, also known as Bactrim, Septra, or Cotrim. […] Cyclospora has been associated with a variety of chronic complications such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, reactive arthritis or Reiter’s syndrome, biliary disease, and acalculous cholecystitis. […] Avoiding water or food that may be contaminated is advisable when traveling.

• #117 What the Public should know during a Cyclospora Outbreak | Food Poison JournalLexBlog Logo

  https://www.foodpoisonjournal.com/food-poisoning-information/what-the-public-should-know-during-a-cyclospora-outbreak/

  Cyclospora infects the small intestine (bowel) and usually causes watery diarrhea, bloating, increased gas, stomach cramps, loss of appetite, nausea, low-grade fever, and fatigue. […] The recommended treatment for infection with Cyclospora is a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, also known as Bactrim, Septra, or Cotrim. […] Cyclospora has been associated with a variety of chronic complications such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, reactive arthritis or Reiter’s syndrome, biliary disease, and acalculous cholecystitis. […] Avoiding water or food that may be contaminated is advisable when traveling.

• #118 Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/9/317

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal–oral transmission cycle. […] The disease is self-limiting in most immunocompetent patients, but it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in some cases, and may colonize extra-intestinal organs in immunocompromised patients. […] Trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of cyclosporiasis, but relapses may occur. […] The main symptoms of C. cayetanensis infection are voluminous watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, low grade fever, fatigue and weight loss. […] Although the disease is self-limiting in most of the immunocompetent patients, it may present as a severe, protracted or chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. […] Clinical illness due to C. cayetanensis in immunocompromised patients is prolonged, severe and is associated with a high rate of recurrence that can be attenuated with long-term suppressive therapy.

• #119 Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Cyclospora spp. – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/cyclospora-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html

  Cyclospora causes opportunistic infection among AIDS patients. Cyclospora infections cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps or bloating, nausea, low grade fever and weight loss. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, TMP-SMX, is the first-line treatment for cyclosporiasis, with symptom resolution noted 2-3 days into therapy. 160-800 mg of TMP-SMX should be taken twice a day for 7 days. […] Patients re-experiencing symptoms of diarrhea 7 months following infection are given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 3 times a week as a secondary prophylaxis.

• #120 Cyclospora | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/cyclospora

  Cyclospora is a parasite (germ) that can make people sick. It is composed of one cell and is too small to be seen without a microscope. Cyclospora infection is called cyclosporiasis. […] If you think you have cyclosporiasis, you should see your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider can take a stool sample and send it to a laboratory for testing. If you have cyclospora in your stool, you may be treated with antibiotics or a combination of antibiotics. If you have diarrhea, you should rest and drink plenty of clear fluids. Do not take any medicine until asking your healthcare provider about it. People who have already had a cyclospora infection can get it again. […] Yes. In order to protect the public, foodhandlers who have cyclospora in their stool, must stay out of work until their symptoms have resolved.

• #121 Douglas County Health Department – Cyclosporiasis

  https://www.douglascountyhealth.com/infectious-disease/diseases-and-conditions/cyclosporiasis

  Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. People can become infected with Cyclospora by consuming food or water contaminated with the parasite. […] If you think you may have Cyclospora infection, please contact your health care provider. […] What should I do if I think I might be infected with Cyclospora? See your health care provider. […] Your health care provider will ask you to submit stool specimens to see if you are infected. […] The recommended treatment is a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, also known as Bactrim*, Septra*, or Cotrim*. People who have diarrhea should also rest and drink plenty of fluids. […] No highly effective alternative drugs have been identified yet for people with Cyclospora infection who are unable to take sulfa drugs. See your health care provider to discuss potential options. […] Avoiding food or water that might have been contaminated with stool may help prevent Cyclospora infection. People who have previously been infected with Cyclospora can become infected again.

• #122

  https://www.wvoems.org/news/2017/aug/increase-in-reported-cases-of-cyclospora-cayetanensis-infection,-united-states,-summer-2017

  Consider a diagnosis of cyclosporiasis in patients who have prolonged or remitting-relapsing diarrheal illness. […] If indicated, healthcare providers should specifically order testing for Cyclospora, whether testing is requested by ova and parasite (OP) examination, by molecular methods, or by a gastrointestinal pathogen panel test. […] Report cases to local health departments.

• #123 Everything You Need to Know About Cyclospora | South Shore Health

  https://www.southshorehealth.org/wellness/blog/what-is-cyclospora-massachusetts-cyclospora-warning

  Cyclospora is the shorthand name for Cyclospora cayetanensis, which is a parasite. This parasite can contaminate food or water; if a human then ingests that food or water, it can lead to illness. The illness caused by Cyclospora is called cyclosporiasis. […] The most common symptom of cyclosporiasis is diarrhea; other symptoms can include nausea, fatigue, cramping, and flu-like symptoms. […] Fresh produce is usually the cause of cyclosporiasis outbreaks in the United States. […] Any consumers who ingested that produce without cooking it or washing it thoroughly were exposed to Cyclospora. […] While the increase in reports of cyclosporiasis may be alarming, you dont need to take drastic steps to prevent yourself from encountering Cyclospora. Instead, basic food safety rules should be enough to avoid encountering this parasite.

• #124 OSDH Shares Information on Increase of Cyclosporiasis in the United States and in Oklahoma

  https://oklahoma.gov/health/news—events/newsroom/2023/cyclosporiasis-increase.html

  Cyclosporiasis is a diarrheal illness caused by a single-celled parasite and is spread by consumption of contaminated food or water, which becomes contaminated after exposure to fecal matter from ill individuals. […] The Oklahoma State Department of Health (OSDH) encourages individuals to contact their healthcare provider if they experience symptoms of cyclosporiasis which can include watery diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, bloating, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscle aches and fatigue. These symptoms typically appear one week after exposure. […] We are currently encouraging healthcare providers to think about testing patients for Cyclospora if a patient has any of the symptoms listed above, especially watery diarrhea that has persisted for over a week, said Stone. There is treatment for this, so if someone is diagnosed, they will work with their doctor to get medication.

• #125

  https://www.wvoems.org/news/2017/aug/increase-in-reported-cases-of-cyclospora-cayetanensis-infection,-united-states,-summer-2017

  Consider a diagnosis of cyclosporiasis in patients who have prolonged or remitting-relapsing diarrheal illness. […] If indicated, healthcare providers should specifically order testing for Cyclospora, whether testing is requested by ova and parasite (OP) examination, by molecular methods, or by a gastrointestinal pathogen panel test. […] Report cases to local health departments.

• #126 Health Care Provider Information on Cyclosporiasis – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/cyclosporasis/hcp.html

  Reporting CyclosporiasisHealth care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Although Cyclospora is not spread directly from person-to-person, cases with diarrhea are still subject to restriction on child care/preschool attendance and food handling until they are 24 hours diarrhea free. […] If symptoms are properly managed, cyclosporiasis rarely results in hospitalization. […] Health care providers should specifically request testing for Cyclospora if indicated. […] Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), sold under the trade names Bactrim, Septra, and Cotrim, is the treatment of choice. […] The typical regimen for immunocompetent adults is TMP 160 mg plus SMX 800 mg, orally, twice a day, for 7 to 10 days. […] People living with HIV may need longer courses of therapy. […] The safety of TMP-SMX in children has not been systematically evaluated. Use in children less than 2 months is generally not recommended. […] Diarrhea should be managed by drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

• #127 Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Cyclospora spp. – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/cyclospora-pathogen-safety-data-sheet.html

  Cyclospora causes opportunistic infection among AIDS patients. Cyclospora infections cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps or bloating, nausea, low grade fever and weight loss. […] Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, TMP-SMX, is the first-line treatment for cyclosporiasis, with symptom resolution noted 2-3 days into therapy. 160-800 mg of TMP-SMX should be taken twice a day for 7 days. […] Patients re-experiencing symptoms of diarrhea 7 months following infection are given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 3 times a week as a secondary prophylaxis.

• #128 Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora Infection) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/cyclosporiasis-cyclospora-infection/

  Cyclospora cayetanensis is a small parasite that causes cyclosporiasis, an illness of the intestines. […] A doctor can prescribe an oral medicine that works for the majority of cases. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is also important for anyone experiencing diarrhea. Most people who have healthy immune systems will recover without treatment. If not treated, the illness may last for a few days to a month or longer. Symptoms may seem to go away and then return one or more times (relapse). Anti-diarrheal medicine may help reduce diarrhea, but a health care provider should be consulted before such medicine is taken. People who are in poor health or who have weakened immune systems may be at higher risk for severe or prolonged illness.

• #129 Cyclosporiasis – Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

  https://healthunit.org/for-professionals/health-care-dental/communicable-disease-resources/reportable-disease-toolkit/cyclosporiasis/

  The disease is not endemic in Canada; therefore, cases should be investigated as most likely associated with imported food or travel. Treatment is under the direction of the attending health care provider. […] Exclude symptomatic food handlers, health care providers, and day care staff and attendees until symptom free for 24 hours, OR symptom free for 48 hours after discontinuing use of anti-diarrheal medication. The rationale for exclusion for 48 hours after discontinuing the use of anti-diarrheal medication is to ensure that diarrhea does not return after the anti-diarrheal medication has been discontinued. In the event that antibiotics are used, the person should be excluded until symptom free for 24 hours. […] Provide education about the illness, hand hygiene, safe food handling and on preventing the spread of infection. This includes washing hands after using sanitary facilities and before handling food; washing fresh fruits and vegetables; avoiding foods from questionable sources such as roadside vendors when travelling and avoiding consumption of surface water without prior treatment.

• #130

  https://www.wvoems.org/news/2017/aug/increase-in-reported-cases-of-cyclospora-cayetanensis-infection,-united-states,-summer-2017

  Consider a diagnosis of cyclosporiasis in patients who have prolonged or remitting-relapsing diarrheal illness. […] If indicated, healthcare providers should specifically order testing for Cyclospora, whether testing is requested by ova and parasite (OP) examination, by molecular methods, or by a gastrointestinal pathogen panel test. […] Report cases to local health departments.

• #131 Cyclospora on Rise in Texas; Testing, Reporting Key to Finding Source – Driscoll Health PlanDriscoll Health Plan on FacebookDriscoll Health Plan on InstagramDriscoll Health Plan on TwitterDriscoll Health Plan on YouTubesearchchevron-rightchevron-upphonesq

  https://driscollhealthplan.com/cyclospora-on-the-rise-in-texas-testing-reporting-key-to-finding-source/

  A spike in illnesses caused by the parasite Cyclospora in June and July is prompting the Texas Department of State Health Services to ask health care providers to be on guard for the illness, pursue testing, and report cases to their local health department. […] People with symptoms that could be related to Cyclospora should contact their health care provider for treatment. […] A health advisory issued today asks providers to test patients who have diarrhea lasting more than a few days or diarrhea accompanied by severe loss of appetite or fatigue. […] Health care providers should promptly report cases so that public health can investigate them and attempt to determine the source in order to head off future cases.

• #132 Cyclospora Infection Treatment, Prevention & Diagnosis

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/cyclospora_infection_cyclosporiasis/article_em.htm

  The only CDC-recommended treatment is the antibiotic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra, Sulfatrim). […] Self-care at home consists of symptomatic treatment and completing oral antibiotic therapy. […] Follow-up is not usually required if treatment is effective, but follow-up for certain individuals is recommended. […] For most individuals who get appropriate treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, follow-up is not required. However, any patient who has recurrent symptoms should follow up with their treating physician. […] In general, the prognoses for treated Cyclospora infections range from good to excellent. […] Usually, the infection, even untreated, is not life-threatening, although secondary problems such as dehydration or electrolyte problems and recurring symptoms can happen.

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