Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pulmonary Valve Disease: Types & Symptoms

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/pulmonary-valve-disease

  You cant lower your risk of having a child with pulmonary valve disease from unknown causes. But if you plan to become pregnant, you should be sure youre up to date with the rubella vaccine. […] You may be able to prevent pulmonary valve regurgitation by preventing its causes: pulmonary hypertension, endocarditis and rheumatic fever.

• #2 Pulmonary Stenosis: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention – Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute

  https://www.victorchang.edu.au/heart-disease/pulmonary-stenosis

  As the causes of pulmonary stenosis are unknown, it may not be possible to prevent the majority of cases of pulmonary stenosis.

• #3 Gulf Coast Cardiology Group

  http://m.gulfcoastcardio.com/conditions/pulmonary-stenosis.html

  Patients with pulmonary valve stenosis are at increased risk for getting valve infections and must take antibiotics to help prevent this before certain dental and surgical procedures. […] Pulmonary valve stenosis cannot be prevented.

• #4 About Heart Valve Disease | Heart Disease | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-valve-disease.html

  People may help to reduce their risk for heart valve disease by: […] Making heart-healthy choices by: […] Choosing heart-healthy foods, such as fresh fruits and vegetables. […] Following CDC physical activity guidelines for heart health. […] Managing stress. […] Getting to know your heart health by: […] Getting annual physical checkups, including having a health care professional listen to your heart with a stethoscope. […] Letting your health care team know if you have noticed changes in your heartbeat. […] Taking care of your overall health by: […] Having a good daily oral hygiene routine and getting regular dental checkups to reduce risk of heart infection. […] Getting treatment for respiratory infections such as strep throat. […] Taking antibiotics as instructed to prevent infection (such as when they are prescribed before surgery or dental procedures).

• #5 Pulmonary Stenosis

  https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/mas/structured-content/Condition_Pulmonary_Stenosis_-_Cardiology.xml?co=/regions/mas

  You can use these guidelines to lower your risk for pulmonary stenosis. […] Treat strep throat promptly. Contact us if you have symptoms such as a red and painful throat, fever, or white spots on your tonsils. If we prescribe antibiotics, please take all your medication as directed. […] It’s also important to treat strep throat and other strep infections promptly in children. […] Control your cholesterol and risks for heart disease. If you use tobacco or marijuana, we recommend that you quit. It’s one of the best things you can do for your health. We have resources to help you quit. Also, follow these healthy living guidelines: […] Exercise regularly. […] Take cholesterol-lowering medicines, if necessary. […] Eat a heart-healthy, low-fat diet. […] Control your blood pressure. […] Maintain your ideal weight if possible. […] Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.

• #6 How to strengthen heart valves: Diet, exercise, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-strengthen-heart-valves-naturally

  Individuals can help strengthen their heart valves through dietary changes, regular exercise, and managing blood pressure. […] Problems with these valves can develop over time. However, appropriate lifestyle modifications can help maintain strong heart valves. […] The CDC also recommends limiting salt and alcohol intake to control blood pressure, which can damage the heart valves. […] The CDC also notes that regular exercise is important for preventing heart disease. […] High blood pressure increases someones risk for coronary heart disease and stroke. […] The CDCs recommendations for managing blood pressure include: getting at least 2.5 hours of moderate to intense physical activity per week, eating a nutritious diet that consists of a variety of vegetables and fruit, limiting alcohol intake, which can affect heart health, avoiding smoking, which can further raise the risk of heart attack or stroke, keeping track of blood pressure measurements, managing diabetes by controlling blood glucose, taking prescription blood pressure medications as a doctor prescribes.

• #7 Heart Valve Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17639-what-you-need-to-know-heart-valve-disease

  How can I reduce my risk of heart valve disease? […] Although you cant change some risk factors, like growing older, there are things you can do that may reduce your risk of heart valve disease. These include: […] Getting treatment quickly for infections […] Being physically active […] Eating heart-healthy foods […] Staying at a weight thats healthy for you […] Continuing to take medicine for high blood pressure and/or high cholesterol if you have those conditions […] Not using tobacco products […] Not using recreational drugs, especially IV drugs, which increase your risk for heart valve infection. […] If you have heart valve disease, ask your healthcare provider about the increased risk of getting infective endocarditis. This infection can damage or destroy your heart valves and can be fatal. Youre at risk even if you had surgery to repair or replace your valve. To prevent infective endocarditis:

• #8 Overview of Valvular Heart Disease | Pantai Hospital

  https://www.pantai.com.my/medical-specialties/cardiology/valvular-heart-disease

  Lower your risk by leading a healthy lifestyle. Follow these simple tips: […] Quit smoking […] Get physically active […] Maintain a healthy weight […] Eat a healthy diet […] Reduce alcohol consumption […] Manage your stress.

• #9 Pulmonary valve disease – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/pulmonary-valve-disease/

  Though pulmonary valve disease cannot be prevented, there are a few measures that can be taken to improve overall health and slow the development of heart disease. They include: […] Avoiding smoking […] Eating a healthy diet […] Reducing stress levels through workout exercises […] Losing weight if necessary to alleviate pressure on the heart.

• #10 Prevention and management of endocarditis after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: current status and future prospects – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33246368/

  Endocarditis is one of the most serious adverse long-term outcomes and among the leading causes of death in patients with congenital heart disease and after (TPVR). […] It also addresses practical measures for mitigating endocarditis risk, as well as diagnosing and managing endocarditis when it does occur. […] With increasing understanding of the risk factors for and management and outcomes of endocarditis in patients who have undergone TPVR, we continue to learn how to utilize TPVR most effectively in this complex population of patients.

• #11 Pulmonary valve implantation: prevention and treatment of complications | EuroIntervention

  https://eurointervention.pcronline.com/article/pulmonary-valve-implantation-prevention-and-treatment-of-complications

  Endocarditis is an expected complication for all implants. It is important to emphasize prophylaxis and refrain from implanting devices in acute or unresolved infection. […] Better understanding of metal characteristics, stress and fatigue is required to reduce the incidence and severity of this unavoidable consequence.

• #12

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11886-024-02103-9

  There are several domains that encompass preventive measures in ACHD including education, proper oral hygiene, skin care, and antibiotic prophylaxis. […] Providers caring for ACHD patients should continually discuss with them the potential lifelong risk of IE including its clinical presentation and importance of early diagnosis. […] A significant proportion of patients with CHD are unaware of the correlation between oral health and heart disease. […] The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the AHA recommend meticulous oral care and routine preventive care by a dentist or oral hygienist for patients with CHD. […] Antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) is used to prevent IE in patients at high risk undergoing invasive dental procedures. […] The AHA and the ACC recommends AP for patients with underlying cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from IE, such as those with a prosthetic heart valve, a past history of IE, unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease, residual shunt adjacent to prosthetic material, and cardiac valvulopathy following cardiac transplantation.

• #13 Valvar Pulmonary Stenosis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/891729-treatment

  Patients with pulmonary stenosis are candidates for infective endocarditis prophylaxis before they undergo any bacteremia-producing procedures and surgery, as indicated in the recommendations of the American Heart Association. […] Most patients with pulmonary stenosis are given prophylaxis for subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE). […] Opinions differ about the need for SBE prophylaxis in patients with valvar pulmonary stenosis because of the extremely low incidence of pulmonary valve endocarditis in this relatively large subpopulation. The author recommends SBE prophylaxis for all patients with valvar pulmonary stenosis.

• #14 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis   | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/pulmonary-valve-stenosis

  What about preventing endocarditis? […] If you have PS, you don’t need to take antibiotics to prevent endocarditis unless you’ve had prior endocarditis or you’ve had valve replacement.

• #15

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11886-024-02103-9

  For optimal effect, antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered 30-60 min prior to the procedure. […] In addition to reducing the incidence of IE, AP is also cost-effective, particularly for high-risk patients AP has been shown to be less costly and more effective than no AP for all patients at risk of IE, with potential annual cost savings and health gains. […] Therefore, the use of AP should be carefully considered and tailored to the individual patient’s risk profile.

• #16 What Is The Pulmonary Valve? – Klarity Health Library

  https://my.klarity.health/what-is-the-pulmonary-valve/

  Usually, pulmonary valve disorders are congenital, which means they are present at birth or arise during developmental stages before birth. Therefore, those cases cannot be prevented but the risk of acquired versions of it can still be prevented. […] Enhancing the diet which contains high amounts of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and unsaturated fats will help you to gain a healthier cardiovascular system. Avoiding saturated and trans fats, salty food, and additional sugars has been proven to lessen the risk of developing pulmonary valve disease. You can lower blood pressure by exercising regularly. […] Furthermore, streptococcal infections lead to rheumatic fever which harms the pulmonary valve and results in pulmonary valve-related disorders. The vaccination programs for those infections are the best method of protection from developing heart conditions. […] Finally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding the risk factors can prevent you from the condition. For the cases where the condition is present with birth, acquired conditions can still be prevented to reduce the severity of the condition.

• #17

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/heart-vascular/common-diseases-of-the-heart-valves

  You can reduce your risk of heart valve disease by adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle that includes: […] Following your doctors recommendations related to heart health and disease prevention and treatment […] short-term antibiotics prior to surgery or dental work to prevent infective endocarditis […] long-term antibiotic therapy to help prevent strep throat if youve ever had rheumatic fever.

• #18 Pulmonary Regurgitation (Pulmonic Regurgitation) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157639-treatment

  Patients with underlying conditions such as mitral stenosis, left ventricular dysfunction, and pulmonary hypertension should be treated. […] Specific comments on deterrence and prevention of pulmonary or pulmonic regurgitation (PR) in general are not found in the literature, except in the context of the specific entities, such as those listed under Etiology, that can cause this condition. […] Periodic echocardiographic follow-up is appropriate when significant PR is present for clinicians to better manage the condition over the long term and to help decide when interventions may be warranted.

• #19 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816382/2.0/Pulmonary_Valve_Stenosis

  Rubella vaccination (before conception) to avoid in utero transmission of rubella is the best way to prevent most cases.

• #20 Long-term survival in patients with isolated pulmonary valve stenosis: a not so benign disease? | Open Heart

  https://openheart.bmj.com/content/8/2/e001836

  In this nationwide, register-based cohort study, we found that the risk of mortality in patients with PS is almost five times higher compared with matched controls. […] Patients with an early diagnosis of PS appears to be the most vulnerable group and the regular follow-up in tertiary congenital heart units may be the key to prevention. […] Patients with diagnosis of PS in early life appears as a high-risk group and should be paid close attention in long-term follow-up. […] Extra attention should be paid to these patients in follow-up. Diagnosis of PS early in life could indicate severe disease. […] These findings suggest a close attention should be paid to long-term follow-up in this vulnerable group of patients.

• #21 Pulmonary Stenosis | University of Michigan Health

  https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/ped-heart/conditions/pulmonary-stenosis

  Children with pulmonary stenosis are at increased risk for subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE). This is an infection of the heart caused by bacteria in the blood stream. It most commonly occurs after a dental or other medical procedure and can usually be prevented by a dose of antibiotic prior to the procedure. […] Exercise recommendations are best made by a patient’s doctor so that all relevant factors can be included in the decision. There usually are no restrictions placed on patients with pulmonary stenosis who have 40mmHg gradient and an otherwise normal heart. Patients who achieve a good result with catheter or surgical dilation of the narrowing are usually not restricted from any physical activities.

• #22 Pulmonary Stenosis in Children

  https://phoenixchildrens.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Library/Wellness/DiseasesConditions/90,P01815

  The outlook for children with pulmonary stenosis is usually excellent. […] For a period of time, your child’s cardiologist may advise that your child take antibiotics to prevent infection of the heart lining and valves (bacterial endocarditis). Your child may need to take them before medical and dental procedures. […] Children who have had balloon dilation may need to take antibiotics to prevent heart infection after being discharged from the hospital. […] Children who have had valve replacement will need to take antibiotics before medical and dental procedures in the future.

• #23 Pulmonary Stenosis in Children

  https://healthinfo.coxhealth.com/library/Wellness/Prevention/90,P01815

  The outlook for children with pulmonary stenosis is usually excellent. For a period of time, your child’s cardiologist may advise that your child take antibiotics to prevent infection of the heart lining and valves (bacterial endocarditis). Your child may need to take them before medical and dental procedures. […] Children who have had balloon dilation may need to take antibiotics to prevent heart infection after being discharged from the hospital. […] Children who have had valve replacement will need to take antibiotics before medical and dental procedures in the future.

• #24 Patient-centered Treatment for Heart Valve Disease.

  https://www.medstarhealth.org/blog/valvular-heart-disease

  When it comes to keeping a healthy heart, most of us know what we should do: […] Talk with your primary care provider if you experience symptoms of heart valve disease. Your doctor, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner can help you navigate the care system, determine your next best steps, and provide you with verified information you can use to make good decisions.

• #25 What Are the First Signs of Heart Valve Problems?

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart/early-signs-of-heart-valve-problems

  Can you prevent heart valve disease? […] Speak with your doctor about steps you can take to prevent congenital heart valve diseases from progressing, including taking certain vitamins and avoiding certain infections. […] Your doctor may suggest the following to reduce your risk of heart valve disease: eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, quitting smoking, if you smoke, reducing stress, managing chronic health conditions, keeping up good skin and teeth hygiene habits in order to prevent an infection like endocarditis, taking medications as prescribed.

• #26 Understanding Pulmonary Valve Disease – Longmore Clinic

  https://longmoreclinic.org/understanding-pulmonary-valve-disease/

  Pulmonary valve disease can have various causes: […] To avoid pulmonary valve disease, follow these tips: […] Prevent Rheumatic Fever: Treat strep throat promptly with antibiotics. […] Protect Against Endocarditis: If you have a history of heart valve disease, take antibiotics before dental or surgical procedures. […] Maintain Heart Health: Exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, and manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels. […] If you experience any symptoms of pulmonary valve disease, or if you have a history of heart valve disease, consult a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications. […] With proper treatment and management, many people with pulmonary valve disease lead healthy lives. Its essential to have regular check-ups with a cardiologist and follow the prescribed treatment plan. Maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle is crucial, which includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking. […] In summary, pulmonary valve disease is a condition that can be managed with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Managing risk factors, leading a heart-healthy lifestyle, and following a treatment plan are crucial steps in managing this condition.

• #27

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/pulmonary-stenosis/

  Prevention is a crucial aspect when it comes to managing pulmonary stenosis. By taking proactive measures, individuals can significantly reduce the risk and severity of this condition. One of the key preventive measures is maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This includes engaging in regular physical activity, consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and avoiding smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke. These lifestyle choices can contribute to overall cardiovascular health and reduce the likelihood of developing pulmonary stenosis. […] Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals are also essential for early detection and prevention. Routine screenings can help identify any underlying conditions or abnormalities that may lead to pulmonary stenosis. By addressing these issues promptly, individuals can take appropriate steps to prevent further progression or complications. […] Additionally, it is important for individuals with a family history of congenital heart defects or pulmonary stenosis to be aware of their increased risk. Genetic counseling and testing may be recommended in such cases to assess the likelihood of passing on the condition to future generations.

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